IPEII Year21/02/2024

Transport in Plants
VSAQs
- What are apoplast and symplast ? (Mar 2015, 2017)
- Compare the imbibing capacities of pea and wheat seeds. (Mar 2016)
- What are the physical properties of water responsible for ascent of sap through xylem in plants ?
(Mar 2017)
- How does guttation differ from transpiration ? (Mar 2018)
- With reference to transportation of food within a plant, what are source and sink ? (Mar 2019)
- Define water potential. What is the value of water potential of pure water?
- What are porins? What role do they paly in diffusion?
- Difference between osmosis from diffusion?
SAQs
- “Transpiration is a necessary evil.” Explain. (Mar 2014, 2016)
- How does ascent of sap occur in tall plants ? (Mar 2015)
- Explain the mechanism of opening and closing of stomata. (Mar 2015)
- What is meant by plasmolysis ? How is it practically useful to us. (Mar 2018)
- Transpiration and photosynthesis – a compromise. Explain. (Mar 2019)
- Explain the mechanism of opening and closing of stomata?
- Define and explain water potential?

Mineral Nutrition
VSAQs
- Define hydroponics. (Mar 2014, 2018)
- Explain the role of pink colour pigment in the root nodules of legume plants. What is it called ?
(Mar 2015)
- Write the balanced equation of nitrogen fixation. (Mar 2016)
- Name 2 amino acids in which sulphur is present. (Mar 2019)
- Write the balanced equation of nitrogen fixation. (Mar 2016)
SAQs
- Write in brief how plants synthesize amino acids. (Mar 2017)
- Explain the steps involved in the formation of root nodule. (Mar 2014, 2016)

Enzymes
VSAQs
- Distinguish between apoenzyme and cofactor. (Mar 2014)
- Who proposed “Lock and key hypothesis” and induced fit hypothesis?
SAQs
- Write briefly about enzyme inhibitors. (Mar 2017, 2018)
- Explain different types of co-factors. (Mar 2019)

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

VSAQs
- Where does the photolysis of occur? What is its significance?
- What is the primary acceptor of in plants? What is first stable compound formed in a Calvin
cycle?
- How many molecules of ATP and NADPH are needed to fix a molecule of in plants? Where does
this process occur?
SAQs
- Explain the structure of a chloroplast. Draw a neat labelled diagram. (Mar 2014)
- Tabulate any 4/8 differences between C3 and C4 plants / cycles. (Mar 2015, 2017)
- Describe pathway?
- Describe in brief photorespiration. (Mar 2019)
LAQs

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IPEII Year21/02/2024
- Explain Calvin cycle with the help of equations. (Mar 2016, 2018)
Respiration in Plants
SAQs
- Define RQ. Write a short note on RQ. (Mar 2016, 2018)
- Describe briefly the process of fermentation?
LAQs
- Describe the process of various biochemical reactions that occur during glycolysis. (Mar 2015)
- Explain the reactions of Kreb’s cycle. (Mar 2014, 2017, 2019)

Plant Growth and Development

VSAQs
- Define plasticity. Give an example
- What is means by bolting? Which hormone causes Bolting
- Which of the PGR’s is called stress hormone and why?
SAQs
- Write a note on agricultural / horticultural applications of auxins. (Mar 2014, 2016, 2018)
- Write the physiological responses of gibberellins in plants. (Mar 2015)
- Write a brief account on seed dormancy. (Mar 2017)
- Write any 4 physiological effects of cytokinins in plants. (Mar 2019)
- What are the physiological process that are regulated by ethylene in plants?

Bacteria
VSAQs
- What are pleomorphic bacteria. Give an example. (Mar 2014, 2018)
- Write briefly on the occurrence of microorganisms. (Mar 2017)
- What is a plasmid ? What is its significance ? (Mar 2019)
- What is a genophore?
- What is transformation? Who discovered it and in which organism?
- What is transduction? Who discovered it and in which organism?
SAQs
- Explain the process of conjugation in bacteria. (Mar 2015)
- How are bacteria classified on the basis of number and distribution of flagella ? (Mar 2016)
- How are bacteria classified on the basis of morphology?

Viruses
VSAQs
- What is the shape of TMV ? What is its genetic material ? (Mar 2015)
- What is lysozyme ? What is its function ? (Mar 2016)
- What re virulent phages. Give an example?
SAQs
- Explain the structure of TMV. (Mar 2014, 2017)
- Explain the structure of T-even bacteriophage. (Mar 2018)
- What is ICTV ? How are viruses named ? (Mar 2019)

Principles of Inheritance
VSAQs
- Explain the term phenotype and genotype. (Mar 2014, 2018)
- What is the cross between F1 progeny and the homozygous recessive parent called ? How is it useful ?
(Mar 2015, 2017)
- What will be the phenotypic ratios in the offsprings obtained from the following crosses ? (“A” is
dominant over “a”). (a) Aa x aa (b) AA x aa (Mar 2016)
- What is a point mutation ? Give an example. (Mar 2019)
- Who proposed the Chromosome theory of inheritance?
- What will be the phenotypic ratio in the offsprings obtained form the following crosses.
A) An x an B) AA x an C) Aa x Aa D) Aa x AA

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Note : Gene “A” is dominant over gene “a”
SAQs
- Mention the advantages of selecting pea plant for his experiments by Mendel. (Mar 2014, 2017, 2019)
- Explain incomplete dominance with an example. (Mar 2015, 2018)
- Define and design a test cross. (Mar 2016)
- Explain the Law of Dominance using a monohybrid cross
- Explain the co-dominance?
- Differentiate between
(i) Dominant and Recessive
(ii) Homozygous and Heterozygous

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

VSAQs
- What is the function of the codon AUG ? (Mar 2014)
- The sequence of coding strand of DNA in a transcription unit is 5` GGAATTCCG 3. What would be the
sequence of nucleotides of the following ? (a) Its complementary strand (b) The mRNA (Mar 2015)
- What is the difference between exons and introns ? (Mar 2015, 2018)
- What is meant by capping and tailing. (Mar 2016)
- In a typical DNA molecule, the prportion of Thyamine is 30% of the N2 bases. Find out the percentages of
other N2 bases. (Mar 2014, 2016)
- What are the components of a transcription unit ? (Mar 2017)
- The proportion of nucleotides in a given nucleic acid are: Adenine 18%, Guanine 30%, Cytosine, 42%,
Uracil 10%. Name the nucleic acid and mention the number of strands in it. (Mar 2017)
- What are the components of a nucleotide ? (Mar 2018)
- Who proved that DNA is genetic material ? What is the organism they worked on ? (Mar 2019)
- Define stop codon. Write the codons. (Mar 2019)
- Name any 2 artificially restructured plasmids. (Mar 2019)
- Distinguish between heterochromatin and euchromatin. Which of the two is transitionally active?
- Give below of sequence of coding strand of DNA in a transcription unit
I) 5’ AATGCAGCTATTAGG-3’
Write the sequence of (a) its complementary strand (b) the mRNA
- What is meant by point mutation? Give and example.
- What is meant by charging of tRNA?
SAQs
- What are the differences between DNA and RNA ? (Mar 2014)
- Write the important features of genetic code. (Mar 2015, 2018)
- Draw the schematic / diagramatic presentation of a lac operon. (Mar 2016)
- How many types of RNA polymerases exist in cells ? Write their names and functions. (Mar 2017)
- What are the contributions of George Gamov, H G Khorana and Marshall Nierenberg in deciphering the
genetic code. (Mar 2019)
- Define transformation in Griffth’s experiment. Discuss how it helps the identification of DNA as genetic
material
- Write briefly on nucleosomes.

Biotechnology Principles and Processes

VSAQs
- What is downstream processing ? (Mar 2014, 2016, 2017)
- What is the full form of PCR ? How is it useful in biotechnology ? (Mar 2015)
- Define biotechnology. (Mar 2018)
- What are molecular scissors? Where are they obtained form.
- Name any two artificially restructured plasmids.
- What is EcoRI? How does it function.
- What are cloning vectors? Give an example.
- What is palindromic sequence?
LAQs

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IPEII Year21/02/2024
- Explain briefly the various processes of recombinant DNA technology. (Mar 2014, 2016, 2018)
- Give a brief account of the tools of recombinant DNA technology. (Mar 2015, 2017, 2019)

Biotechnology Applications
VSAQs
- What is GEAC and what are its objectives ? (Mar 2014)
- Give different types of cry genes and pests which are controlled by the protiens encoded by the genes.
(Mar 2016)
- Name the nematode that infects the root of tobacco plants. Name the strategy adopted to prevent this
infection. (Mar 2018)
- What is green revolution? Who is regarded as father of green revolution?
SAQs
- What are some biosaftey issues concerened with genetically modified crops ? (Mar 2014, 2016)
- Give a brief account of Bt cotton. (Mar 2015, 2018)
- List the beneficial aspects of transgenic plants. (Mar 2017)
- Give a brief account of pest resistant plants. (Mar 2019)

Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

VSAQs
- What is meant by germplasm collection ? (Mar 2015)
- Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus free plants and why ? (Mar 2016)
- What is meant by ‘hidden hunger’?
- Define totipotency and explant.
- Name two semi-dwarf varieties of rice developed in India.
- What is meant by biofortification?
LAQs
- Describe the tissue culture technique and what are the advantages of tissue culture over conventional
method of plant breeding in crop improvement programmes. (Mar 2014, 2015, 2019)
- You are a botanist working in the area of plant breeding. Describe the various steps that you will undertake
to release a new variety. (Mar 2016, 2017, 2018)

Microbes in Human Welfare

VSAQs
- What are fermentors ? (Mar 2014)
- Name a microbe used for statin production. How do statins lower blood cholestrol level ? (Mar 2016,
2018)
- What is the chemical nature of biogas ? Name the bacteria involved in production of biogas. (Mar 2015)
- Name any two industrially important enzymes. (Mar 2017)
- How nucleopolyhedroviruses are used in these days ? (Mar 2017)
- Why does swiss cheese have big holes ? Name the bacterium responsible for it. (Mar 2018)
- Name 2 scientists who were credited for showing the role of penicillin as an antibiotic. (Mar 2019)
- Name an immunosuppressive agent. From where is it obtained ? (Mar 2019)
- Name any two genetically modified crops?

LAQs
- Write a brief essay on microbes in sewage treatment?

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