Machine elements II

Chapter 2
Gear drives

1
1
Outline of the presentation
Types of gear
Nomenclature of gear
Gear train

2
Definition of Gear
Power transmission is the movement of energy from its place of
generation to a location where it is applied to performing useful
work.
A gear is a component within a transmission device that transmits
rotational force to another gear or device.

3
Types of Gear
1. Spur gear
2. Helical gear
3. Rack and pinion
4. Bevel gear
5. Worm gear

4
Types of Gear
Spur gear
Teeth is parallel to axis of rotation
Transmit power from one shaft to
another parallel shaft.

External and Internal spur Gear

5
Types of Gear

Helical Gear
The teeth on helical gears are cut
at an angle to the face of the gear
This gradual engagement makes
helical gears operate much more
smoothly and quietly than spur
gears.
Used to transmit motion between
parallel or non parallel shaft.
Source: helical gear - Google
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6
Types of Gear

Rack and pinion

Rack and pinion gears are
used to convert rotation (From
the pinion) into linear motion
(of the rack).
A perfect example of this is
the steering system on many
cars.

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Types of Gear
Bevel gears
Bevel gears are useful when the direction of a shaft's rotation
needs to be changed
They are usually mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but
can be designed to work at other angles as well
The teeth on bevel gears can be straight or spiral.
Locomotives, marine applications, automobiles, printing presses,
cooling towers, power plants, steel plants, railway track inspection
machines, etc.

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Types of Gear
Straight and Spiral Bevel Gears

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Types of Gear
Worm gear
Worm gears are used when large gear reductions
are needed. It is common for worm gears to have
reductions of 20:1, and even up to 300:1 or greater

Many worm gears have an interesting property that

no other gear set has: the worm can easily turn the
gear, but the gear cannot turn the worm.

Worm gears are used widely in material handling

and transportation machinery, machine tools,
automobiles etc.

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Nomenclature of Gear

27
Gear tooth failure
There are two basic modes of gear tooth failure
1. Breakage of the tooth due to static and dynamic loads and
2. The surface destruction
The complete breakage of the tooth can be avoided by adjusting the
parameters in the gear design, such as the module and the face width,
so that the beam strength of the gear tooth is more than the sum of
static and dynamic loads.
The principal types of gear tooth wear are as follows:
Abrasive Wear: Foreign particles in the lubricant, such as dirt, rust or
metallic debris can scratch or Brinell the tooth surface. Remedies are
provision of oil filters, increasing surface hardness and use of high
viscosity oils.
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Gear tooth failure
Corrosive Wear: is caused by corrosive elements. These elements attack the
tooth surface, resulting in fine wear uniformly distributed over the entire
surface. Remedies are, providing complete enclosure for the gears free from
external contamination, selecting proper additives and replacing the
lubricating oil at regular intervals.
.

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