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Selection for Street Light Luminar-(PART-1)

OCTOBER 5, 2014 17 COMMENTS (HTTPS://ELECTRICALNOTES.WORDPRESS.COM/2014/10/05/SELECTION­FOR­

STREET­LIGHT­LUMINAR­PART­1/#COMMENTS)

Terminology for Road Light Illumination:

(1) Luminance (E):

Luminance is the amount of light falling on a surface.

The luminance refers to the incidence of the light flux on a surface, per unit of surface.
E = Phi / A (lx)
The luminance is expressed in lux (lx).
Full moon has 0.1 Lux ,Emergency lighting has 1 Lux ,Street lighting has 10 Lux ,Winter day has 10 000 Lux , Summer day has100
000 Lux

(2) Lumen (lm):

Lumen is a unit of measure of the quantity of light.

One lumen is the amount of light which falls on an area of one square foot every point of which is one foot from the source of one
candela.
A light source of one candela emits a total of 12.57 lumens.

(3) Lux:

Lux is a metric measurement of light on a surface.

The illumination of light flux is expressed in Lux hence unit of luminance is Lux.
The luminous flux per unit area of 1 square meter on a sphere of radius 1 meter is called 1 Lux.
1 Lux= 1 Lumen per square Meter.
Lux = Lumens / Area (sq meter).
1 Lux equals 0.0929 foot candle
Difference between Lumens and Lux
One Lux is defined as being equivalent to one lumen spread over an area of one square meter.
Measurement of lux (light intensity) tells us how many lumens (total light output) we need in the given area of illumination.
Lighting a larger area to the same measurement of lux requires a larger number of lumens which is usually achieved by
increasing the number of light fixtures.

(4) Foot candle (fc):

It is the English unit of Illuminance.

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It is the amount of light flux density. It is the unit of measure used when describing the amount of light in a room and expressed
in lumens per square foot.
It is the amount of light that falls on the area we want to illuminate. We also want to know the lumens per square foot or square
meter in a space.
This quantity called Light Flux Density is the common term Foot­candle (fc).
Foot candle = Lumens / Area
Example: A 40­wa� fluorescent lamp 120 centimeters long produces 3,200 lumens of light in a room having a general dimensions
of 10 x 20 ft. Find the illumination on the floor.
Foot candle (fc) = Lumens / Area
Foot candle (fc) = 3,200 lm / 10×20 ft = 16 foot candle
The foot candle is an important unit of measure in calculating the desired illumination and layout of fixtures.

(5) Foot candle (fc):

The unit of luminance = the luminous fl ux per square foot on a sphere of radius 1 foot.
One foot­candle is approximately 10 lux.

(6) Luminance:

Luminance indicates the degree of brightness with which the human eye perceives a light source or an illuminated surface.
L = E/A (cd/m2)
The luminance is expressed in candela per square meter (cd/m2).
The amount of light reflected from a surface. It is sort of the “brightness” we see, i.e. the visual effect of the luminance.
It depends on the amount of luminance and on the reflective properties of the surface as well as on the projected area on theplane
perpendicular to the direction of view.
The unit is candela per square meter (cd/m2), or candela per square foot

(7) Lamp Circuit Efficacy:

Amount of light (lumens) emi�ed by a lamp for each wa� of power consumed by the lamp circuit, i.e. including control gear
losses. This is a more meaningful measure for those lamps that require control gear. It’s Unit is lumens per circuit wa� (lm/W)

(8) Uniformity ratio:

G = Emin/Egem (%) The uniformity ratio is the ratio between the minimum luminance and the average luminance on a surface.
This figure indicates the degree of “evenness”. E = 1 indicates complete uniformity.

(9) Utilization Factor (UF):

UF (%) The utilization factor indicates how well a lighting installation uses the luminous flux of the lamps. This is indicated asthe
ratio between the luminous flux that reaches the working plane and the light source of the „bare‟ lamps, expressed as a
percentage.
The utilization factor of lamps is the ratio of luminous flux which is arrived to the road from the full luminous flux of lamp. It is
calculated by using the curse sign of utilization factor which is different from each lamp.

(10) Coefficient of Utilization (CU):

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A design factor that represents the percentage of bare lamp lumens that are utilized to light the pavement surface. This factor is
based on the luminaries position relative to the lighted area.

Coefficient of Utilization

Fixture Description cu

Efficient fixture, large unit colored room 0.45

Average fixture, medium size room 0.35

Inefficient fixture, small or dark room 0.25

(11) Lamp Lumen Depreciation Factor (LLD):

As the lamp service life increase, the lumen output of the lamp decreases. This is an inherent characteristic of all lamps.
The initial lamp lumen value is adjusted by a lumen depreciation factor to compensate for the anticipated lumen reduction. This
assures that a minimum level of illumination will be available at the end of the assumed lamp life, even though lamp lumen
depreciation has occurred. This information is usually provided by the manufacturer.
Mostly used LLD=0.80

(12) Luminaries Dirt Depreciation Factor (LDD):

Dirt on the exterior and interior of the luminaire, and to some extent on the lamp itself, reduces the amount of light reaching the
pavement.
Various degrees of dirt accumulation may occur depending upon the area in which the luminaire is located. Industrial areas,
automobile exhaust, diesel trucks, dust and other environs all affect the dirt accumulation on the luminaire.
Higher mounting heights, however, tend to reduce the vehicle­related dirt accumulation.
Mostly LDD=0.9

(13) Maintenance Factor (MF):

The maintenance factor is the combination of light loss factors used to denote the reduction of the illumination for a given area
after a period of time compared to the initial illumination on the same area. It is the product of the lamp lumen depreciation
factor and the luminaire dirt depreciation factor (i.e., MF = LLD x LDD).
Consult the manufacturer’s data and the Electrical and Mechanical Unit for the appropriate factors to use.

Maintenance Factor

Enclosed fixture, clean room 0.8

Average conditions 0.7

Open Fixture or dirty room 0.6

(14) Color Rendering Index (CRI):

It is ability of a light source to render colors and make them appear “normal.”
The index scale runs from 0­100. A CRI of 100 means colors look “normal”, a low CRI means colors look distorted.

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CRI of 60 means the source renders 60% of the colors well and 40% poorly.
Halogen and Incandescent lamps generally have a CRI of 100.

Illumination Unit Comparisons

Term English Metric (SI)

Length Feet Meter

Area Square foot Square meter

Luminance Flux Lumens Lumens

Illumination Flux Density Foot candles Lux

Luminance Foot lamberts Lambert or Milli­Lamberts

Recommended Lux Level:

Illumination Level
Area Lux Level
Very Bright Summer Day (Max) Up to 100000 Lux
Very Bright Summer Day (Min) 20000 Lux
Nigh�ime Car Park 1 Lux
Nigh�ime Urban Street 10 Lux
Night Light on a Building 60 Lux
Machine shop 400 Lux
Offices 500 Lux
Kitchens (food preparation area) 400 Lux
Counters 240 Lux
Machine shop 700 Lux
Canteens 300 Lux
Waiting Rooms 80 Lux
Foyers 200 Lux
Entrance halls 160 Lux
Stairs 40 Lux
Warehouses 80 Lux
Passageways 80 Lux
Corridors 40 Lux

Illuminance for Various Roadway Types (ANSI/IES RP­8)

Road Type Illuminace Lux

Urban Freeway 10

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Freeway Interchange 14
Commercial Arterial 20
Residential Collector 8
Local 6

Light levels as per IS 1944

Average level of
Classification
Type of road illumination Min:Avg Min:Max (%)
of road
(lux)
Important traffic routes
Group A1 30 0.4 33
carrying fast traffic
Other main roads carrying
mixed traffic, like main city
Group A2 15 0.4 33
streets, arterial roads,
throughways etc
Secondary roads with
considerable traffic like
Group B1 8 0.3 20
principal local traffic routes,
shopping streets etc
Secondary roads with light
Group B2 traffic. important traffic routes 4 0.3 20
carrying fast traffic

Minimum Level of illumination in Lux

Road Residential Industrial Commercial

Arterial Roads 10.0 13.0 17
Collector Road 6.0 10.0 13.0
Local Roads 4.0 7.0 9.0
Walkways & Pathways 4.0
Lanes 4.0 2.0 2.0

Recommended Levels of Illumination (BIS, 1981)Table 6

Avg Min / Avg Type of

Road Characteristics Illumination Illumination Luminaries
(Lux) (Lux) Preferred
Important traffic routes carrying
30 0.4 Cutoff
fast traffic
Main roads carrying mixed
traffic like city main
15 0.4 Cutoff
roads/streets, arterial roads,
throughways
Secondary roads with
Cutoff or semi­
considerable traffic like local 8 0.3
cutoff
traffic routes, shopping streets
Cutoff or semi­
Secondary roads with lighttraffic 4 0.3
cutoff

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Recommended Average Horizontal Illumination level in Lux

Vehicular traffic Classification

PedestrianTraffic
Very light Light Medium Heavy to Heaviest
Heavy 9.68 12.91 16.14 12.52
Medium 6.46 8.61 10.26 12.91
Light 2.15 4.30 6.46 9.68

FILED UNDER UNCATEGORIZED

About Jignesh.Parmar (B.E,Mtech,MIE,FIE,CEng)

Jignesh Parmar has completed M.Tech (Power System Control), B.E(Electrical). He is member of Institution of Engineers (MIE) and
CEng,India. Membership No:M­1473586.He has more than 16 years experience in Transmission ­Distribution­Electrical Energy theft
detection­Electrical Maintenance­Electrical Projects (Planning­Designing­Technical Review­coordination ­Execution). He is Presently
associate with one of the leading business group as a Deputy Manager at Ahmedabad,India. He has published numbers of Technical
Articles in “Electrical Mirror”, “Electrical India”, “Lighting India”,”Smart Energy”, “Industrial Electrix”(Australian Power
Publications) Magazines. He is Freelancer Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful Excel base Electrical Programs as per IS,
NEC, IEC,IEEE codes. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with English, Hindi, Gujarati, French languages. He wants to Share his
experience & Knowledge and help technical enthusiasts to find suitable solutions and updating themselves on various Engineering
Topics.

17 Responses to Selection for Street Light Luminar-(PART-1)

Rajesh Harode says:

October 5, 2014 at 2:59 pm
Sir pls notes Hindi me bhi bhejiye Mujhe English kam aati hai so pls support me I am your regular follower Thanks & regards.
Rajesh

Reply
Jignesh.Parmar says:
October 5, 2014 at 3:06 pm
Dear Rajesh,
Not possible to translate in Hindi from my end..

Reply
akramabdelaziz says:
October 5, 2014 at 4:34 pm
many thanks

Reply
Jackson says:
October 5, 2014 at 4:48 pm
If some one desires expert view concerning blogging then i suggest him/her to go to see this
website, Keep up the pleasant work.

Reply
Omutinyu D. Shitandi says:
October 5, 2014 at 4:57 pm
Just to say, you are wonderful to we students who are still studying, may you be blessed.

Reply
Igbo Lezorngia says:
October 5, 2014 at 10:27 pm
Sir, Good day. I so much appreciate all your Electrical notes and Articles. Thanks alot. But Sir, I need your assistance to enable
write the below thesis (Project) with ease:

The topic: “The Impact of Power System Security and its operations on the national grid”. Please help me out Sir.

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Thank you and best regards to the family.

Igbo L.Paulinus +2348038810751

________________________________

Reply
raja says:
October 6, 2014 at 7:30 am
thanks to your explain

Reply
Rizvi says:
October 8, 2014 at 6:33 am
Sharing a knowledge is the world best work to do for a mankind.

Reply
hoang says:
December 4, 2014 at 9:24 am
Please explain with your example:
”Calculate Space between Two Pole of Street Light having Fixture Wa� is 250W , Lamp output of the Lamp (LL) is 33200 lumens ,
Required Lux Level (E) is 5 lux , Width of the road = 11.48 feet (3.5 M),Height of the pole (H) = 26.24 feet (8 M) ,Coefficient of
utilization (CU) = 0.18, Lamp Lumen Depreciation Factor (LLD) = 0.8 ,Luminaries dirt Depreciation Factor (LDD) = 0.9
Solution:
Luminaries Spacing (S) = (LLxCUxLLDxLDD) / (ExW)
Luminaries Spacing (S) = (33200×0.18×0.9×0.8) / (5×11.48)
Luminaries Spacing (S) = 75 feet (23 Meters)”

With equation S=(LLxCUxLLDxLDD) / (ExW)

W=3.5 (m) in SI system then S=242 (m) . I think value S=242(m) is too far

Reply
Adil Shahzad says:
January 27, 2015 at 7:29 am
Dear sir your notes are absolutely awesome and you are doing a great job as your notes are providing a sufficient help to new
comer’s….

Reply
mdtabrez2008 says:
March 20, 2015 at 12:33 pm
Mr. Jignesh. You did an awesome job. Thanks a lot………

Reply
Ganesh says:
April 12, 2015 at 2:37 pm
thank u sir

Reply
Syed Sheik says:
April 25, 2015 at 6:02 pm
Super

Reply
Narendra says:
May 19, 2015 at 4:43 am
if the total lumens required are 7200 and coefficient of utilization is 0.3,calculate lamp lumens required
any one explain

Reply
K.Jagadeesh says:
August 27, 2015 at 12:11 pm
dear sri Jignesh, as per IS:1944 part 1&2, the average illumination required for highways is 30 Lux. Where as the IRC: SP:87
­“Manual of six laning of Highways by BOT” says that the minimum illumination level required is 40 Lux. Please clarify, whether
the minimum 40 lux is to be considered or an average of 30 lux should be considered. above IRC code is correct or IS 1944 p125
1&2 is correct and be adopted. Iam K.Jagadeesh, presently working as Team Leader in PMC services at Cheennai outer Ring
Road 6 lane Green field highway project being executed on DBFOT basis by TNRDC.

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Reply
Kashmira says:
May 18, 2016 at 6:22 am
Dear Sir,

Can you please explain how to calculate ‘coefficient of utilization’ for outdoor lighting.You have just mentioned in the calculation
that it depends on the type of fixture, mounting height, width of roadway and the length of mast arm of outreach. Please
elaborate the method to calculate it.

Reply
Plinio Perez says:
November 9, 2017 at 3:49 pm
Dear Sir,

What color in ° K you recommend in street ligth.

Reply

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