BE Thesis, Swamy, 2023-0647

A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF FORWARD SWEPT AND SWEPT BACK WINGS
WITH GURNEY FLAPS”
(Subject Code: 10AE85)
Submitted to
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Belagavi-590018
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

the Degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
For the academic year 2015-2016
Submitted by
KALLA SAI KUMAR 1MJ11AE020

KEVIN SAVIO SWAMY 1MJ11AE022
NAFISH IMTIYAZ ABIR 1MJ11AE029
PONNDA BHASKAR 1MJ11AE033
Under the Guidance of

Prof. S.C.Gupta
HOD-PG
Department of Aeronautical Engineering
MVJ College of Engineering
Department of Aeronautical Engineering

Bengaluru-560 067
Venkatesha Education Society’s
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University)
(An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution)
Channasandra, Near ITPL, Bangalore-560 067.
080–28452324, 25917600, 28456609 Telefax 080–28452443
: principalengg@mvjce.edu.in
DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled ―EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF FORWARD
SWEPT AND SWEPT BACK WINGS WITH GURNEY FLAPS” is a Bonafide work carried
out by
KALLA SAI KUMAR 1MJ11AE020
KEVIN SAVIO SWAMY 1MJ11AE022
NAFISH IMTIYAZ ABIR 1MJ11AE029
PONNADA BHASKAR 1MJ11AE033
In partial fulfillment for the award of degree of ―Bachelor of Engineering‖ in Aeronautical Engineering of
the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during 2014-2015. It is certified that all the
correction /suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the report & the
project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirement.
Prof. S C Gupta Principal

HOD MVJ College of Engineering
Department of Aeronautical Engineering Bangalore
Bangalore
External Viva:
Name of Examiners: Signature with date

1.
2.
i
DECLARATION
We, KALLA SAI KUMAR, KEVIN SAVIO SWAMY, NAFISH IMTIYAZ ABIR AND
PONNADA BHASKAR hereby declare that the entire work titled “EXPERIMENTAL
ANALYSIS OF FORWARD SWEPT AND SWEPT BACK WINGS WITH GURNEY
FLAPS” embodied in this report has been carried out by us during the 8th Semester of BE
Degree at MVJCE, Bangalore, under the guidance of Prof.S.C.Gupta, HOD, Department of
Aeronautical Engineering, MVJ College of Engineering affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belgaum. The work embodied in this dissertation is original and it has not been
submitted in part or full for any other degree in any University.
Signature
KALLA SAI KUMAR 1MJ11AE020 ____________________
KEVIN SAVIO SWAMY 1MJ11AE022 ____________________
NAFISH IMTIYAZ ABIR 1MJ11AE029 ____________________
PONNADA BHASKAR 1MJ11AE033 ____________________
Date:
Place:
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our sincere gratitude to our internal guide Prof. S C Gupta, HOD, Department of
Aeronautical Engineering, MVJ College of Engineering, Bangalore for sharing his knowledge
and providing constant academic and moral support during the work on this project. We are
deeply touched by his transparent approach and whole hearted co-operation for execution of our
report
We are thankful to PRINCIPAL, MVJ College of Engineering for his constant support and co-
operation
We thank Mr. Babu for his advice and constant support during the design and fabrication
process.
We thank all the professors at the Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MVJ College of
Engineering, Bangalore, for their permission to carry out the project work and for their constant
support and motivation.
KALLA SAI KUMAR
KEVIN SAVIO SWAMY
NAFISH IMTIYAZ ABIR
PONNADA BHASKAR
iii
ABSTRACT
Aircrafts have changed their form dramatically since the first flight by the Wright
Brothers. Development of various aircraft subsystems have been made to make human flight
more efficient and safe. In the past decade more interest has been taken in improvement of flight
efficiency
One of the important developments is the application of Gurney Flaps in aircraft along
with conventional flaps. Effects of these flaps to moderately swept wings with an aspect ratio of
6-7 have been studied in the project. The project intends to analyze the effects of Gurney flaps on
Forward Swept Wings and Backward Swept Wings. A model of the wing having Span 900mm,
Aspect Ratio 6, shall be tested in the wind tunnel (In-house). Data from the pressure ports
combined with tuft flow visualizations and smoke flow visualization shall provide ample data for
analysis. Basic parameters such as CP v/s X/C plots, CL plots, ∆CL plots can be plotted using the
MATLAB Program that shall be generated.
The project intends to provide a credible and ample data for a complete comparison of
the lift parameters of the Forward Swept Wing with Gurney Flaps as compared to its Backward
Swept counterpart.
iv
CONTENTS Page No
CERTIFICATE i
DECLARATION ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1. EMERGENCE OF GURNEY FLAPS 1
1.2. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 2
1.3. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 2
1.4. EXPECTED OUTCOME 2
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 4
CHAPTER 3: BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY 6
3.0. INTRODUCTION TO BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY 6
3.1 LIMITATIONS PUT BY THE BOUNDARY LAYER ON 8

GURNEY FLAP LENGTH
CHAPTER 4: WING MODELLING 10
4.1 GENERATION OF MODEL IN CATIA V5 10
4.2 AIFORIL COORDINATES 11
4.3 CATIA MODE GENERATED 12

CHAPTER 5: EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS 15
5.1 INTRODUCTION TO EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS 15
5.2 WING DETAILS 18
5.3 FABRICATION AND 20
CHAPTER 6: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 26
6.1 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 26
6.2 GENERATION OF LIFT USING PRESSURE PORT 26
6.3 EXPERIMENTAL DATA 29
6.4 MATLAB PROGRAM 85
6.5 CP V/S X/C GRAPHS 88
CHAPTER 7: TUFT FLOW VISUALIZATION RESULTS 145
CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION 150
REFERENCES 154
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG NO NAME OF FIGURE P
4.1 CATIA INTERFACE 10
4.2 TOP VIEW OF FORWARD SWEPT WING 12
4.3 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF FORWARD SWEPT WING 12
4.4 TOP VIEW OF SWEPT BACK WING 13
4.5 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF SWEPT BACK WING 13
5.1 OPER CIRCUIT WIND TUNNEL 16
5.2 CLOSED CIRCUIT WINF TUNNEL 16
5.3 SAMPLE OF CP v/s X/C GRAPH 17
5.4 WING GEOMETRY OF FORWARD SWEPT WING 18
5.5 WING GEOMETRY OF SWEPT BACK WING 19
WING GEOMETRY WITH PORT LOCATION FOR FORWARD
5.6 20
SWEPT WING
WING GEOMETRY WITH PORT LOCATION FOR SWEPT
5.7 21
BACK WING
WING CONTOUR OF SWEPT FORWARD AND SWEPT BACK
5.8 22
WING
5.9 FINAL MODEL OF FORWARD SWEPT WING 23
5.10 FINAL MODEL OF SWEPT BACK WING 24
6.1 WING GRID GENERATED FOR FORWARD SWEPT WING 26
6.2 WING GRID GENERATED FOR SWEPT BACK WING 27
6.3-6.6 CP v/s X/C FOR FORWARD SWEPT WING 88-91
6.7-6.10 CP v/s X/C FOR FORWARD SWEPT WING (2%30%) 92-95
6.31-6.34 CP v/s X/C FOR SWEPT BACK WING 116-119
6.35-6.38 CP v/s X/C FOR SWEPT BACK WING (4%30%) 120-123
6.51-6.54 CP v/s X/C FOR SWEPT BACK WING (4%50%) 136.139
7.1 FORWARD SWEPT WING AT 0 AOA 145
7.2 FORWARD SWEPT WING AT 12 AOA 145
7.3 FORWARD SWEPT WING (4%30%) 0 AOA 146
7.4 FORWARD SWEPT WING (4%30%) 13 AOA 146
7.5 SWEPT BACK WING AT 0 AOA 147
7.6 SWEPT BACK WING AT 8.5 AOA 147
7.7 SWEPT BACK WING (4%30%) AT 0 AOA 148
7.8 SWEPT BACK WING (4%30%) AT 11 AOA 148
CL v/s AOA FOR FORWARD SWEPT WING WITH GURNEY
8.1 150
FLAP OVER 30% SPAN
CL v/s AOA FOR FORWARD SWEPT WING WITH GURNEY
8.2 150
FLAP OVER 50% SPAN
CL v/s AOA FOR SWEPT BACK WING WITH GURNEY FLAP
8.3 151
OVER 30% SPAN
CL v/s AOA FOR SWEPT BACK WING WITH GURNEY FLAP
8.4 152
OVER 50% SPAN
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO NAME OF TABLE PAGE NO
4.1 AIRFOIL COORDINATES 11
5.1 GURNEY FLAP DIMENSIONS 24
6.1 GRID AREA FOR FORWARD SWEPT WING 28
6.2 GRID AREA FOR SWEPT BACK WING 28
NOMENCLATURE
SL NO SYMBOL
1 AOA ANGLE OF ATTACK
2 MAC MEAN AERODYNAMIC CHORD
3 2%30% GURNEY FLAP OF 2% MAC OVER 30% SPAN
9 CL COEFFICIENT OF LIFT
10 CP COEFFICIENT OF PRESSURE
11 Q DYNAMIC PRESSURE
12 L LIFT
13 X/C RATIO OF POSITION TO CHORD
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Experimental Analysis of Forward Swept and Swept Back Wing with Gurney Flaps
INTRODUCTION
1.1 DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH LIFT DEVICES
The addition of high-lift devices on aircraft wings has effectively improved the flight envelope of
modern civilian and combat aircrafts. Extensive research has been conducted to study the
performance characteristics of various types of flaps. The Gurney Flap, first used by Dan
Gurney, found its application in automobiles. The addition of Gurney Flaps improved the
downward force on the car and allow for tighter turns at higher speeds. Gurney Flaps were
subsequently used experimentally in aircrafts for studying their performance and to quantify the
improvement in wing efficiency. The lack of experimental data has motivated extensive wind
tunnel testing of various wing-flap combinations to obtain the optimum combination of Gurney
flaps. The complex three-dimensional flow over a wing when combined with the presence of a
Gurney Flap produces an intricate flow pattern. This flow pattern produces an improvement in
lift by deflecting the flow over the bottom surface downwards and consequently lowering the
static pressure over the upper surface near the trailing edge.
The effects of span wise flow over swept wing –both forward and backward—produce a
variation in flow patterns which are visible in the CP v/s x/c graph. Based on the data available, it
is found essential to have a comparative study of the effects of forward and backward swept
wings with and without the presence Gurney Flaps
Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MVJCE, Bangalore Page 1

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

 Conduct an experimental analysis to compare the lift produced by forward and backward
wings in the presence and absence of Gurney Flaps
 Perform Tuft Flow visualizations to record any changes in the stall angles across the span
for various combination
1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
 The primary aim of the project is to demonstrate the advantages of using Gurney Flaps on
swept forward and swept back wings
 Provide a feasibility report on the application of these flaps on aircraft requiring high C L
values at low angle of attack i.e. aircrafts demanding extended range
 Provide a graphical representation of the variation in CL and Lift values with various
Gurney Flaps combinations
1.4 EXPECTED OUTCOME

 Improvement in lift generated by the aircraft during the cruise phase
 Feasibility Report of installing Gurney Flaps on civilian and military transport aircraft

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
An extensive literature survey has been conducted to gather as much information as
possible on the effect of Gurney Flaps on aircraft wings. Many papers have been published
explaining the effect of Gurney Flaps on Straight Wings, but data on its effects on swept wings
have not been found. Some of the papers that have been instrumental in understanding the
relationship between the length, span wise width and thickness of Gurney Flaps to the lift
enhancement produced have been cited below
2.1 M.A.CAVANAUGH, PAUL ROBERTSON & WILLIAM.H.MASON[1]
Provides the basic relationship between Gurney Flap height, thickness and span to the lift
produced. It also provides data on the variation in CL with angle of attack in the presence and
absence of Gurney Flaps. It also provides graphical data on the effects of Gurney Flaps of
various dimensions in a NACA 23012 straight wing
2.2 Y.TAKAKURA, T.LOBAYASHI &M.TAKAGI[2]
Provides smoke flow visualization data on the NACA 4412 with Gurney Flaps of height
2-6% of MAC. The smoke flow visualizations show the behavior of the downwash in the
presence of the Gurney Flap
2.3 GIOVANNI LOMBARDI[3]

Provides forward wing potential for increasing aerodynamic efficiency, improves low
speed handling, reduces approach speed and gives better stall/spin characteristics. It shows full
beneficial effects on advanced composite materials, supercritical airfoils and canard
configurations.
[1]
=Wind Tunnel Test of Gurney Flaps and T-Strips on an NACA 0009 Wing.
[2]
= Visualization of Flow Fields about an airfoil with Gurney Flaps
{3}
= Pressure measurements on a forward-swept wing-canard configuration

CHAPTER 3
BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY

3. INTRODUCTION TO BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY

As an object moves through a fluid, or as a fluid moves past an object, the molecules of
the fluid near the object are disturbed and move around the object. Aerodynamic forces are
generated between the fluid and the object. The magnitude of these forces depend on the shape
of the object, the speed of the object, the mass of the fluid going by the object and on two other
important properties of the fluid; the viscosity, or stickiness, and the compressibility, or
springiness, of the fluid. To properly model these effects, aerospace engineers use similarity
parameters which are ratios of these effects to other forces present in the problem. If two
experiments have the same values for the similarity parameters, then the relative importance of
the forces are being correctly modeled. Aerodynamic forces depend in a complex way on the
viscosity of the fluid. As the fluid moves past the object, the molecules right next to the surface
stick to the surface. The molecules just above the surface are slowed down in their collisions
with the molecules sticking to the surface. These molecules in turn slow down the flow just
above them. The farther one moves away from the surface, the fewer the collisions affected by
the object surface. This creates a thin layer of fluid near the surface in which the velocity
changes from zero at the surface to the free stream value away from the surface. Engineers call
this layer the boundary layer because it occurs on the boundary of the fluid.
The details of the flow within the boundary layer are very important for many problems in
aerodynamics, including wing stall, the skin friction drag on an object, and the heat transfer that
occurs in high speed flight. Unfortunately, the physical and mathematical details of boundary
layer theory are beyond the scope of this beginner's guide and are usually studied in late
undergraduate or graduate school in college. We will only present some of the effects of the
boundary layer at this time. From the conservation of mass in three dimensions, a change in
velocity in the stream wise direction causes a change in velocity in the other directions as well.
There is a small component of velocity perpendicular to the surface which displaces or moves
the flow above it. One can define the thickness of the boundary layer to be the amount of this
displacement. The displacement thickness depends on the Reynolds number which is the ratio of
inertial (resistant to change or motion) forces to viscous (heavy and gluey) forces and is given by
the equation : Reynolds number (Re) equals velocity (V) times density (r) times a characteristic
length (l) divided by the viscosity coefficient (mu).

Re=V*r*l/mu
Boundary layers may be either laminar (layered), or turbulent (disordered) depending on the
value of the Reynolds number. For lower Reynolds numbers, the boundary layer is laminar and
the stream wise velocity changes uniformly as one moves away from the wall, as shown on the
left side of the figure. For higher Reynolds numbers, the boundary layer is turbulent and the
stream wise velocity is characterized by unsteady (changing with time) swirling flows inside the
boundary layer.
The external flow reacts to the edge of the boundary layer just as it would to the physical surface
of an object. So the boundary layer gives any object an "effective" shape which is usually
slightly different from the physical shape. To make things more confusing, the boundary layer
may lift off or "separate" from the body and create an effective shape much different from the
physical shape. This happens because the flow in the boundary has very low energy (relative to
the free stream) and is more easily driven by changes in pressure. Flow separation is the reason
for wing stall at high angle of attack. The effects of the boundary layer on lift are contained in
the lift coefficient and the effects on drag are contained in the drag coefficient.The significance
of boundary layer in the analysis of Gurney Flaps is very high because it acts as limiting factor to
the height of the Gurney Flaps.
The presence of Gurney Flaps basically deflects the flow of the downwash. This
phenomenon is clearly shown by Y.Takakura, T.Kobayashi&M.Takagi in their research paper
“Visualization of Flow Fields about an airfoil with Gurney Flaps”.

3.1 LIMITATIONS PUT BY THE BOUNDARY LAYER ON THE GURNEY FLAP

LENGTH
In the presence of Gurney Flaps the downwash is deflected below its normal path thereby
improving the overall lift generated during cruise phase. Along with enhanced lift the Gurney
Flap also produces interference drag. This must be kept to a minimum to ensure optimum
performance. If the Gurney Flap length is less than that of the Boundary Layer the interference
drag produced is negligible compared to the magnitude of lift produced by it. When the length of
the Gurney Flap is comparable to that of the Boundary Layer, flow separation begins to occur
and small eddies are produced. This increases the interference drag produced. Thus, the limit of
the length of the Boundary Layer must be determined to have the best length of Gurney Flap
installed to produce highest lift enhancement. Thus determination of the thickness of Boundary
layer over the airfoil in the absence of the flaps is an essential part of the project.

CHAPTER 4
WING MODELING
4.1. GENERATION OF MODELS IN CATIA V5
About CATIA V5
Fig 4.1: CATIA INTERFACE
CATIA(Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application) is one of the most

widely used designing software in engineering industries worldwide. Developed by DASSAULT
SYSTEMES, it has a very simple User Interface along with detailed modelling options and a
very large scale of operation. With various modules for generating different types of 3D designs
and 2D drawings, CATIA is versatile software.
The models required for this project have been made in the V5 version of CATIA. The models
are made in the part design module.
Designing the Wing
 Co-ordinates of the NACA 0009airfoil were taken from airfoiltools.com.

 Airfoil was generated by importing the co-ordinates into CATIA.
 Wing was generated by generating a multi section solid

4.2. AIRFOIL CO-ORDINATES

The following co-ordinates for the NACA 0009 airfoil having a chord length of 200mm has
been extracted from the website airfoiltools.com.
Airfoil surface Airfoil surface

X(mm) Y(mm) X(mm) Y(mm)
200 0 0.214 -0.698
199.144 0.114 0.856 -1.534
196.592 0.436 1.922 -2.428
192.388 0.926 3.408 -3.292
186.602 1.54 5.306 -4.078
179.336 2.254 7.612 -4.79
170.71 3.044 10.312 -5.44
160.876 3.89 13.398 -6.046
150 4.768 16.854 -6.61
138.268 5.646 20.664 -7.128
125.882 6.494 24.816 -7.59
113.052 7.276 29.29 -7.988
100 7.956 34.066 -8.322
86.948 8.496 39.124 -8.59
74.118 8.862 44.442 -8.794
67.856 8.968 50 -8.932
61.732 9.018 55.772 -9.008
55.772 9.008 61.732 -9.018
50 8.932 67.856 -8.968
44.442 8.794 74.118 -8.862
39.124 8.59 86.948 -8.496
34.066 8.322 100 -7.956
29.29 7.988 113.052 -7.276
24.816 7.59 125.882 -6.494
20.664 7.128 138.268 -5.646
16.854 6.61 150 -4.768
13.398 6.046 160.876 -3.89
10.312 5.44 170.71 -3.044
7.612 4.79 179.336 -2.254
5.306 4.078 186.602 -1.54
3.408 3.292 192.388 -0.926
1.922 2.428 196.592 -0.436
0.856 1.534 199.144 -0.114
0.214 0.698 200 0
0 0
Table 4.1: Airfoil Co-ordinates

4.3 CATIA MODELS GENERATED
Fig 4.2: Top View of Forward Swept Wing
Fig 4.3: Isometric View of Forward Swept Wing

Fig 4.4: Top View of Backward Swept Wing
Fig 4.5: Isometric View of Backward Swept Wing

CHAPTER 5
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
5.1 INTRODUCTION TO EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS

Experimental analysis is one of the oldest and highly reliable methods of testing
the aerodynamics over a given body. The standard apparatus used for this type of testing the
Wind Tunnel. The wind tunnel has been used by the Wright Brothers for testing their airfoils and
is still the most important device used for aerodynamic analysis in the aviation industry. The
wind tunnel has seen a massive change from being a subsonic low speed tunnel in the beginning
of the 20th century to the highly complicated Hypersonic Wind Tunnels used by NASA in recent
days. Evaluating a wing or and aircraft has become an area of research in recent days. Many
books have been published in the relevant topic.
The wind tunnel is broadly classified into two types
 Open Wind Tunnels

o In open wind tunnels the air sucked from the atmosphere into the test
section is blown away into the atmosphere.
o The atmospheric constants inside the wind tunnels like Stagnation
Pressure, Temperature , Density and Viscosity depend on the atmospheric
values and cannot be altered
 Closed Wind Tunnels

o In closed wind tunnels, a specific amount of air inside the wind tunnel
circuit in constantly used in the test section.
o The variables of air inside the test section can be changed as per the
required values.

Fig 5.1:Open Circuit Wind Tunnel
Fig 5.2:Closed Circuit Wind Tunnel

A number of important parameters can be deduced using suitable equipment in the wind tunnel.
The Primary method of finding the lift and drag values are using pressure ports. The value of lift
over a given body can be calculated in the wind tunnel using the difference in the freestream
static pressures and the pressure values of the body. A dimensionless quantity ―C P-Co-efficient
of Pressure is used specifically is case of airfoils to calculate the total lift generated and the value
of the Normal and Axial Forces.
The values of CP can be analyzed over various series of ports over the wing and the local C L
values can be found by summing up the values of CP.
Fig 5.3:Cp v/s Chord Length Plot
The values of CP are calculated using the MATLAB program generated (mentioned in Appendix
I).
From these values the behavior of the wing in the presence and absence of Gurney Flaps can be
effectively analyzed. Various graphs showing the change in Lift and Drag can be plotted using
the available data from the experimental analysis.

5.2 WING DETAILS

The primary requirement for an effective wind tunnel testing is a well-engineered scale model
having the desired dimensions with the required amount of pressure ports.
The Wing Geometry Analyzed in this project are as shown below:
Fig 5.4: Wing Geometry of Forward Swept Wing
Wing Details
 Semi-Span :450 mm
 Root Chord :200 mm
 Tip Chord :100 mm
 Aspect Ratio :6
 Leading Edge Sweep :17.14o
 Trailing Edge Sweep :27.95o

Fig 5.5: Wing Geometry of Swept Back Wing
Wing Details
 Semi-Span :450 mm
 Root Chord :200 mm
 Tip Chord :100 mm
 Aspect Ratio :6
 Leading Edge Sweep :22.76o
 Trailing Edge Sweep :11.14o
Location of the pressure ports and the number of pressure ports are also an important aspect.
Sufficient number for ports must be placed at the right location to obtain accurate and relevant
data.

5.3 FABRICATION AND PORT LOCATION
The model is made up of an epoxy resin. The fuselage is hollow allowing for the pressure port
tubes to exit the model and connect to the manometer.
Fig 5.6: WING GEOMETRY WITH PORT LOCATIONS FOR FORWARD SWEPT WING
The Location of Pressure Port Series on The Wings are as shown above:
There are a total of 16 evenly spaced ports in each series
 8 ports on the Upper Surface (Including the Leading Edge)

 8 ports on the Lower Surface (Including the Trailing Edge)
Summing up to a total of 96 ports.

Fig 5.7: WING GEOMETRY WITH PORT LOCATIONS OF SWEPT BACK WING
There are a total of 16 evenly spaced ports in each series
 8 ports on the Upper Surface (Including the Leading Edge)

 8 ports on the Lower Surface (Including the Trailing Edge)
Summing up to a total of 96 ports.

The Wing Contours with port distance from Leading Edge are as shown below:
Fig5.8: Wing Contours of Swept Forward and Swept Back Wings

5.3.1 FINAL MODEL

The final model fabricated is a high accuracy scaled specimen of the desired wing planform.
Gurney Flaps are made out of sheet metal bent into the required thickness and slotted to ensure
access to all ports
Fig5.8: Final Model of Forward Swept Wing

Fig5.9: Final Model of Swept Back Wing
SL.NO. SPANWISE LENGTH (mm) HEIGHT (mm)
1 150 3.1
2 150 6.2
3 150 8
4 225 3.1
5 225 6.2
6 225 8
Table 5.1: Gurney Flap Dimensions

CHAPTER 6
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
6.1 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
The experiment was conducted at the Low Speed Subsonic Wind Tunnel at MVJ College of
Engineering. The ambient pressure was 1.01324 Bar, temperature 32 C and the air density 1.224
Kg/m^3.
The wind tunnel testing was conducted in two phases
 Generation of Lift values using pressure ports.

 Tuft Flow Visualizations to display the Stall Angle Increment.
6.2 GENERATION OF LIFT USING PRESSURE PORTS
The lift generated by the wing was calculated using the data obtained over the pressure ports.
The pressure port data obtained are attached below. The co-efficient of pressure value is
calculated over the individual ports using a MATLAB program generated. The planform of the
wing is divided into a sequential grids, over which the static pressure difference is calculated and
the corresponding lift value is obtained.
Fig 6.1: Wing Grid Generated For Forward Swept Wing

Fig 6.2: Wing Grid Generated For Swept Back Wing

The areas of the grid generated for the forward and swept back wing are as follows:
Forward Swept Wing

Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 Series 4 Series 5 Series 6
1 2542 2292 1555.125 958.75 896.25 1227
2 1701 1573.5 1096.5 691 659.25 929.25
3 1915 1669 1090.5 650.25 588.75 767.625
4 2023.5 1753 1137.375 673.5 605.715 781.875
5 1973 1729 1137 682 621 817.125
6 2292.5 1929.5 1208.625 692.25 601.5 731.625
7 6441.5 5721 3817.875 2320 2140 2872.213
18888.5 16667 11043 6667.75 6112.465 8126.713
Total= 67505.4275
Table 6.1 Grid Area for Forward Swept Wing (in mm2)
Swept Back Wing

Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 Series 4 Series 5 Series 6
1 3290 2796 1772.625 1027.25 903.75 1123.875
2 2034 1783.5 1173.375 704.25 641.75 845.25
3 1750 1616 1124.25 707.75 674.25 948.75
4 1704 1540 1047.375 647 606 832.125
5 1956.5 1726 1143.75 690.75 633 841.5
6 1826.5 1603 1055.25 633.5 577.5 761.625
7 6328 5601.5 3724.125 2255.75 2074 2770.125
18889 16666 11040.75 6666.25 6110.25 8123.25
Total= 67495.5
Table 6.2 Grid Area for Swept Back Wing (in mm2)

6.3 EXPERIMENTAL DATA
Wing Type FORWARD

Configuration PLANE
Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 0
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3

Upper Surface Reading Upper Surface Reading Upper Surface Reading
1 4 17 5 33 3
2 54 18 53 34 44
3 50 19 52 35 45
4 45 20 48 36 42
5 44 21 47 37 43
6 43 22 46 38 42
7 40 23 44 39 41
8 39 24 43 40 40
Lower Surface Reading Lower Surface Reading Lower Surface Reading
9 35 25 36 41 36
10 35 26 45 42 52
11 43 27 43 43 47
12 41 28 43 44 46
13 41 29 43 45 45
14 40 30 42 46 43
15 39 31 41 47 43
16 39 32 40 48 42

49 9 65 5 81 5
50 48 66 48 82 50
51 49 67 46 83 47
52 44 68 43 84 45
53 44 69 43 85 39
54 43 70 42 86 39
55 41 71 41 87 39
56 41 72 41 88 38
57 35 73 38 89 36
58 51 74 50 90 50
59 46 75 47 91 45
60 45 76 46 92 45
61 43 77 45 93 44
62 43 78 43 94 43
63 40 79 42 95 42
64 40 80 21 96 40

Wing Type FORWARD

Configuration PLANE
Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 3

1 6 17 5 33 4
2 57 18 57 34 48
3 52 19 54 35 48
4 47 20 50 36 45
5 45 21 47 37 46
6 43 22 45 38 45
7 39 23 44 39 43
8 39 24 41 40 41
9 34 25 35 41 36
10 40 26 41 42 49
11 40 27 40 43 45
12 39 28 41 44 44
13 39 29 41 45 43
14 38 30 40 46 42
15 37 31 40 47 41
16 37 32 39 48 41

49 6 65 3 81 4
50 52 66 54 82 55
51 50 67 50 83 50
52 47 68 47 84 47
53 46 69 46 85 44
54 45 70 45 86 43
55 44 71 44 87 43
56 44 72 43 88 42
57 35 73 38 89 37
58 46 74 46 90 46
59 44 75 45 91 43
60 44 76 45 92 44
61 42 77 44 93 43
62 41 78 43 94 42
63 39 79 41 95 41
64 40 80 40 96 40

Wing Type FORWARD

Configuration PLANE
Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 6

1 14 17 8 33 11
2 62 18 66 34 67
3 55 19 54 35 56
4 46 20 50 36 51
5 45 21 49 37 50
6 43 22 48 38 48
7 40 23 45 39 46
8 40 24 42 40 43
9 34 25 36 41 36
10 35 26 37 42 38
11 37 27 38 43 39
12 38 28 39 44 40
13 39 29 37 45 40
14 39 30 37 46 39
15 38 31 37 47 40
16 38 32 36 48 40

49 5 65 4 81 4
50 70 66 67 82 62
51 55 67 51 83 56
52 51 68 50 84 49
53 50 69 49 85 46
54 48 70 46 86 45
55 46 71 45 87 44
56 45 72 44 88 43
57 35 73 36 89 37
58 37 74 38 90 36
59 38 75 39 91 37
60 39 76 40 92 39
61 38 77 40 93 40
62 38 78 40 94 40
63 37 79 39 95 39
64 38 80 39 96 39

Wing Type FORWARD

Configuration PLANE
Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 9

1 35 17 21 33 28
2 84 18 87 34 87
3 59 19 61 35 61
4 50 20 55 36 54
5 48 21 52 37 52
6 45 22 49 38 49
7 41 23 45 39 46
8 40 24 43 40 44
9 35 25 36 41 36
10 29 26 29 42 30
11 33 27 32 43 33
12 35 28 35 44 35
13 36 29 34 45 35
14 36 30 35 46 36
15 37 31 36 47 37
16 37 32 35 48 38

49 13 65 11 81 10
50 90 66 83 82 75
51 60 67 55 83 53
52 54 68 53 84 51
53 53 69 50 85 47
54 49 70 47 86 46
55 47 71 45 87 45
56 45 72 44 88 43
57 35 73 36 89 37
58 29 74 30 90 32
59 33 75 34 91 34
60 35 76 36 92 37
61 35 77 37 93 39
62 36 78 37 94 39
63 35 79 37 95 39
64 36 80 38 96 39

Wing Type FORWARD

Configuration 2% 30%
Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 0

1 7 17 10 33 4
2 40 18 40 34 39
3 42 19 43 35 41
4 39 20 41 36 40
5 39 21 41 37 40
6 38 22 40 38 39
7 37 23 39 39 39
8 37 24 38 40 37
9 35 25 36 41 35
10 55 26 55 42 53
11 49 27 34 43 47
12 45 28 46 44 44
13 44 29 42 45 42
14 41 30 40 46 40
15 40 31 39 47 40
16 40 32 38 48 39

49 11 65 5 81 5
50 42 66 44 82 46
51 44 67 44 83 31
52 41 68 43 84 44
53 42 69 43 85 40
54 41 70 42 86 40
55 32 71 41 87 40
56 40 72 43 88 41
57 39 73 45 89 43
58 53 74 50 90 46
59 46 75 45 91 41
60 43 76 44 92 40
61 41 77 41 93 39
62 40 78 40 94 38
63 36 79 38 95 37
64 35 80 33 96 34

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 3

1 4 17 4 33 4
2 56 18 57 34 55
3 51 19 54 35 52
4 47 20 50 36 48
5 45 21 48 37 48
6 44 22 47 38 46
7 40 23 45 39 45
8 40 24 43 40 42
9 35 25 36 41 56
10 43 26 43 42 44
11 42 27 34 43 41
12 41 28 42 44 41
13 41 29 40 45 40
14 40 30 39 46 39
15 39 31 38 47 39
16 38 32 37 48 38

49 4 65 3 81 3
50 56 66 57 82 57
51 54 67 52 83 31
52 50 68 50 84 49
53 49 69 48 85 46
54 47 70 47 86 45
55 32 71 46 87 45
56 45 72 46 88 44
57 41 73 49 89 48
58 42 74 41 90 40
59 40 75 40 91 39
60 39 76 40 92 39
61 38 77 39 93 38
62 37 78 36 94 37
63 35 79 35 95 35
64 35 80 35 96 34

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 6

1 17 17 9 33 15
2 66 18 73 34 73
3 59 19 58 35 58
4 48 20 53 36 53
5 47 21 51 37 51
6 45 22 48 38 48
7 41 23 45 39 46
8 40 24 43 40 44
9 34 25 36 41 36
10 35 26 35 42 34
11 37 27 34 43 35
12 37 28 38 44 36
13 38 29 35 45 36
14 38 30 36 46 35
15 37 31 37 47 36
16 37 32 36 48 37

49 7 65 6 81 6
50 78 66 74 82 65
51 59 67 53 83 30
52 53 68 51 84 49
53 52 69 50 85 47
54 50 70 47 86 46
55 33 71 46 87 45
56 47 72 46 88 45
57 39 73 45 89 48
58 32 74 33 90 35
59 33 75 34 91 35
60 34 76 35 92 37
61 33 77 34 93 36
62 34 78 33 94 35
63 32 79 33 95 33
64 32 80 31 96 31

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 9

1 46 17 29 33 40
2 80 18 98 34 98
3 64 19 65 35 64
4 54 20 57 36 57
5 50 21 54 37 55
6 46 22 50 38 51
7 43 23 47 39 48
8 42 24 44 40 45
9 35 25 36 41 36
10 27 26 27 42 26
11 31 27 34 43 30
12 33 28 34 44 33
13 35 29 33 45 34
14 36 30 34 46 34
15 36 31 35 47 35
16 37 32 35 48 36

49 20 65 15 81 12
50 95 66 92 82 84
51 65 67 58 83 30
52 58 68 55 84 54
53 55 69 53 85 49
54 52 70 50 86 48
55 33 71 48 87 47
56 48 72 47 88 47
57 38 73 44 89 48
58 25 74 28 90 28
59 28 75 30 91 30
60 30 76 32 92 33
61 31 77 32 93 34
62 32 78 31 94 33
63 30 79 31 95 32
64 31 80 30 96 29

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 0

1 4 17 4 33 4
2 47 18 48 34 49
3 46 19 48 35 48
4 42 20 45 36 45
5 41 21 44 37 45
6 40 22 43 38 44
7 38 23 42 39 43
8 38 24 40 40 41
9 33 25 35 41 34
10 47 26 47 42 44
11 44 27 44 43 41
12 41 28 43 44 40
13 41 29 39 45 39
14 40 30 38 46 38
15 38 31 38 47 37
16 38 32 36 48 37

49 4 65 3 81 3
50 52 66 58 82 58
51 50 67 52 83 53
52 47 68 50 84 50
53 47 69 49 85 46
54 46 70 48 86 45
55 45 71 47 87 46
56 45 72 48 88 47
57 45 73 51 89 53
58 41 74 40 90 43
59 39 75 39 91 40
60 38 76 38 92 49
61 36 77 36 93 38
62 35 78 35 94 36
63 33 79 34 95 35
64 34 80 31 96 32

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 3

1 13 17 8 33 12
2 62 18 67 34 69
3 55 19 65 35 55
4 47 20 50 36 50
5 45 21 49 37 50
6 42 22 47 38 47
7 40 23 44 39 45
8 39 24 42 40 43
9 33 25 34 41 34
10 34 26 34 42 33
11 35 27 35 43 34
12 36 28 36 44 34
13 37 29 35 45 35
14 37 30 35 46 34
15 36 31 35 47 35
16 36 32 34 48 35

49 6 65 5 81 5
50 74 66 73 82 65
51 56 67 53 83 60
52 52 68 53 84 50
53 51 69 51 85 49
54 48 70 49 86 48
55 47 71 48 87 48
56 46 72 49 88 48
57 45 73 51 89 56
58 33 74 53 90 33
59 34 75 34 91 33
60 34 76 34 92 36
61 33 77 33 93 35
62 33 78 31 94 33
63 30 79 30 95 31
64 31 80 30 96 30

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 6

1 40 17 25 33 35
2 83 18 90 34 93
3 60 19 61 35 61
4 50 20 54 36 55
5 47 21 51 37 53
6 44 22 48 38 50
7 40 23 45 39 47
8 49 24 42 40 44
9 33 25 34 41 34
10 26 26 25 42 25
11 30 27 30 43 28
12 31 28 32 44 30
13 33 29 31 45 31
14 34 30 32 46 31
15 34 31 34 47 32
16 34 32 34 48 34

49 16 65 14 81 13
50 93 66 90 82 86
51 63 67 58 83 58
52 56 68 55 84 54
53 54 69 53 85 52
54 50 70 51 86 50
55 49 71 50 87 50
56 48 72 49 88 50
57 42 73 48 89 57
58 25 74 27 90 27
59 28 75 29 91 29
60 30 76 30 92 32
61 29 77 30 93 32
62 30 78 39 94 31
63 27 79 29 95 29
64 28 80 27 96 27

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 9

1 46 17 35 33 55
2 75 18 94 34 100
3 69 19 74 35 70
4 62 20 60 36 59
5 53 21 53 37 55
6 48 22 49 38 50
7 42 23 45 39 47
8 40 24 43 40 44
9 35 25 36 41 37
10 23 26 21 42 20
11 28 27 26 43 35
12 30 28 30 44 28
13 32 29 30 45 29
14 33 30 31 46 30
15 33 31 33 47 31
16 34 32 33 48 34

49 24 65 27 81 27
50 86 66 95 82 100
51 81 67 85 83 63
52 71 68 67 84 57
53 60 69 58 85 55
54 55 70 52 86 54
55 50 71 50 87 53
56 49 72 49 88 51
57 40 73 46 89 60
58 19 74 21 90 21
59 24 75 25 91 25
60 26 76 27 92 29
61 26 77 28 93 30
62 27 78 27 94 29
63 25 79 26 95 27
64 26 80 25 96 25

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 0

1 4 17 4 33 4
2 50 18 50 34 52
3 48 19 50 35 50
4 44 20 47 36 47
5 43 21 46 37 48
6 41 22 45 38 46
7 39 23 43 39 45
8 39 24 42 40 43
9 36 25 36 41 35
10 47 26 46 42 45
11 43 27 44 43 42
12 42 28 43 44 40
13 41 29 40 45 39
14 40 30 39 46 38
15 39 31 39 47 38
16 38 32 38 48 38

49 4 65 5 81 5
50 55 66 60 82 60
51 53 67 55 83 54
52 50 68 51 84 51
53 50 69 50 85 48
54 48 70 50 86 47
55 46 71 49 87 46
56 46 72 50 88 46
57 46 73 54 89 55
58 40 74 41 90 40
59 39 75 49 91 38
60 38 76 48 92 39
61 35 77 46 93 36
62 34 78 45 94 35
63 33 79 44 95 34
64 34 80 41 96 32

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 3

1 14 17 8 33 13
2 63 18 68 34 68
3 55 19 55 35 56
4 47 20 52 36 51
5 45 21 50 37 50
6 43 22 48 38 48
7 40 23 45 39 46
8 40 24 43 40 44
9 34 25 35 41 35
10 35 26 35 42 34
11 36 27 36 43 34
12 36 28 38 44 35
13 37 29 36 45 35
14 38 30 36 46 34
15 38 31 36 47 35
16 37 32 36 48 35

49 6 65 5 81 5
50 73 66 76 82 68
51 57 67 55 83 62
52 52 68 54 84 52
53 52 69 53 85 49
54 49 70 50 86 48
55 48 71 50 87 48
56 48 72 50 88 49
57 46 73 52 89 56
58 32 74 34 90 35
59 33 75 35 91 35
60 34 76 35 92 36
61 32 77 34 93 35
62 31 78 31 94 32
63 30 79 30 95 31
64 30 80 30 96 30

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 6

1 37 17 23 33 37
2 84 18 89 34 94
3 59 19 62 35 62
4 50 20 55 36 55
5 47 21 51 37 53
6 44 22 48 38 50
7 40 23 45 39 46
8 39 24 42 40 44
9 33 25 34 41 35
10 27 26 26 42 25
11 31 27 30 43 28
12 32 28 32 44 30
13 34 29 31 45 30
14 34 30 32 46 31
15 34 31 33 47 32
16 35 32 34 48 34

49 18 65 18 81 15
50 93 66 100 82 92
51 63 67 63 83 61
52 56 68 59 84 57
53 55 69 57 85 51
54 51 70 54 86 50
55 49 71 53 87 50
56 48 72 52 88 50
57 44 73 50 89 58
58 25 74 28 90 26
59 28 75 30 91 30
60 30 76 31 92 31
61 30 77 32 93 31
62 30 78 30 94 30
63 28 79 28 95 29
64 29 80 27 96 27

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 9

1 47 17 38 33 55
2 75 18 95 34 106
3 70 19 70 35 72
4 62 20 58 36 60
5 54 21 52 37 55
6 46 22 48 38 50
7 42 23 45 39 48
8 40 24 43 40 44
9 35 25 36 41 37
10 22 26 22 42 20
11 27 27 26 43 24
12 30 28 30 44 28
13 32 29 30 45 29
14 33 30 31 46 30
15 34 31 32 47 31
16 35 32 33 48 42

49 34 65 30 81 30
50 85 66 101 82 105
51 82 67 91 83 66
52 70 68 72 84 60
53 60 69 62 85 55
54 54 70 56 86 53
55 50 71 53 87 52
56 48 72 51 88 52
57 42 73 49 89 60
58 20 74 22 90 21
59 25 75 25 91 25
60 26 76 28 92 29
61 26 77 29 93 30
62 28 78 28 94 29
63 26 79 26 95 26
64 27 80 25 96 24

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 0

1 2 17 2 33 2
2 50 18 52 34 54
3 48 19 50 35 51
4 43 20 46 36 47
5 41 21 45 37 46
6 40 22 43 38 45
7 38 23 42 39 44
8 37 24 41 40 43
9 33 25 33 41 44
10 42 26 42 42 39
11 40 27 39 43 37
12 39 28 40 44 37
13 39 29 36 45 35
14 38 30 35 46 34
15 36 31 35 47 34
16 36 32 34 48 32

49 2 65 2 81 2
50 56 66 59 82 59
51 53 67 53 83 52
52 48 68 50 84 48
53 48 69 48 85 45
54 47 70 46 86 44
55 45 71 45 87 43
56 45 72 45 88 43
57 44 73 47 89 46
58 36 74 37 90 38
59 35 75 36 91 36
60 35 76 36 92 38
61 34 77 35 93 36
62 33 78 34 94 35
63 30 79 32 95 33
64 31 80 31 96 31

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 3

1 21 17 10 33 21
2 68 18 75 34 81
3 55 19 58 35 59
4 48 20 52 36 53
5 46 21 50 37 52
6 43 22 47 38 49
7 40 23 44 39 46
8 39 24 42 40 45
9 32 25 34 41 40
10 30 26 30 42 28
11 33 27 32 43 30
12 34 28 35 44 32
13 35 29 32 45 32
14 35 30 32 46 31
15 35 31 33 47 31
16 35 32 33 48 30

49 8 65 4 81 4
50 85 66 73 82 64
51 60 67 52 83 59
52 54 68 51 84 48
53 53 69 50 85 45
54 50 70 47 86 45
55 47 71 46 87 45
56 47 72 46 88 44
57 41 73 45 89 47
58 30 74 32 90 33
59 31 75 33 91 33
60 32 76 34 92 35
61 31 77 33 93 35
62 32 78 32 94 33
63 29 79 31 95 32
64 30 80 30 96 30

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 6

1 45 17 28 33 42
2 77 18 96 34 98
3 62 19 64 35 64
4 53 20 55 36 56
5 48 21 52 37 54
6 45 22 48 38 50
7 41 23 35 39 47
8 40 24 43 40 45
9 33 25 33 41 39
10 23 26 23 42 22
11 28 27 27 43 26
12 30 28 30 44 28
13 32 29 29 45 29
14 33 30 30 46 30
15 33 31 32 47 29
16 33 32 32 48 39

49 20 65 17 81 14
50 94 66 86 82 88
51 64 67 60 83 56
52 57 68 55 84 54
53 55 69 52 85 49
54 51 70 50 86 47
55 49 71 48 87 47
56 48 72 47 88 46
57 39 73 43 89 48
58 21 74 24 90 27
59 35 75 26 91 28
60 37 76 29 92 32
61 27 77 30 93 33
62 28 78 29 94 31
63 26 79 28 95 30
64 27 80 27 96 27

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 9

1 26 17 18 33 51
2 57 18 63 34 85
3 56 19 63 35 78
4 56 20 62 36 69
5 55 21 61 37 61
6 54 22 60 38 56
7 51 23 58 39 51
8 49 24 55 40 48
9 41 25 44 41 41
10 23 26 22 42 18
11 27 27 26 43 23
12 30 28 30 44 26
13 32 29 28 45 27
14 33 30 30 46 28
15 34 31 31 47 28
16 36 32 33 48 28

49 24 65 27 81 27
50 80 66 96 82 106
51 80 67 88 83 64
52 75 68 70 84 57
53 66 69 58 85 52
54 58 70 52 86 50
55 53 71 49 87 49
56 50 72 48 88 49
57 41 73 44 89 51
58 17 74 20 90 20
59 22 75 23 91 25
60 25 76 26 92 29
61 25 77 27 93 30
62 27 78 27 94 29
63 25 79 27 95 28
64 26 80 25 96 25

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 0

1 2 17 2 33 2
2 53 18 53 34 54
3 48 19 52 35 51
4 44 20 47 36 47
5 42 21 46 37 48
6 41 22 45 38 46
7 38 23 43 39 45
8 37 24 41 40 44
9 32 25 33 41 49
10 40 26 38 42 38
11 38 27 37 43 36
12 37 28 37 44 36
13 37 29 35 45 34
14 36 30 34 46 32
15 35 31 35 47 32
16 35 32 34 48 31

49 2 65 2 81 2
50 57 66 55 82 55
51 53 67 50 83 50
52 49 68 47 84 47
53 50 69 46 85 44
54 47 70 45 86 44
55 46 71 45 87 45
56 47 72 45 88 45
57 48 73 50 89 50
58 37 74 37 90 40
59 35 75 36 91 37
60 39 76 35 92 38
61 32 77 34 93 36
62 31 78 32 94 34
63 29 79 31 95 33
64 30 80 30 96 32

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 3

1 14 17 7 33 18
2 64 18 68 34 78
3 56 19 56 35 58
4 46 20 51 36 53
5 45 21 49 37 52
6 42 22 46 38 49
7 39 23 44 39 47
8 38 24 42 40 45
9 32 25 34 41 44
10 32 26 32 42 47
11 33 27 33 43 30
12 34 28 34 44 31
13 35 29 31 45 30
14 35 30 32 46 30
15 34 31 33 47 29
16 34 32 33 48 27

49 7 65 5 81 5
50 83 66 78 82 67
51 60 67 54 83 62
52 53 68 53 84 49
53 52 69 51 85 47
54 50 70 49 86 46
55 48 71 48 87 46
56 48 72 47 88 46
57 46 73 49 89 53
58 27 74 30 90 32
59 29 75 31 91 32
60 30 76 32 92 34
61 29 77 31 93 34
62 28 78 30 94 31
63 26 79 28 95 30
64 27 80 27 96 28

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 6

1 50 17 36 33 47
2 75 18 83 34 87
3 69 19 66 35 65
4 61 20 57 36 57
5 51 21 53 37 55
6 46 22 50 38 51
7 41 23 46 39 49
8 39 24 43 40 46
9 33 25 34 41 40
10 21 26 21 42 20
11 26 27 25 43 24
12 28 28 29 44 26
13 31 29 28 45 27
14 32 30 29 46 27
15 32 31 30 47 26
16 33 32 31 48 25

49 21 65 17 81 14
50 95 66 98 82 90
51 64 67 60 83 58
52 58 68 56 84 54
53 55 69 54 85 51
54 52 70 51 86 50
55 50 71 50 87 49
56 49 72 49 88 49
57 42 73 46 89 55
58 20 74 24 90 25
59 24 75 26 91 27
60 26 76 28 92 31
61 26 77 29 93 32
62 27 78 28 94 30
63 24 79 26 95 27
64 24 80 25 96 25

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 9

1 30 17 20 33 25
2 60 18 70 34 104
3 60 19 69 35 79
4 59 20 68 36 66
5 57 21 62 37 59
6 55 22 60 38 54
7 50 23 56 39 51
8 46 24 52 40 47
9 38 25 41 41 42
10 22 26 21 42 18
11 27 27 25 43 22
12 29 28 28 44 25
13 31 29 27 45 26
14 33 30 29 46 27
15 34 31 31 47 26
16 35 32 32 48 25

49 25 65 30 81 30
50 90 66 94 82 107
51 84 67 90 83 62
52 72 68 80 84 57
53 62 69 68 85 54
54 56 70 58 86 53
55 52 71 52 87 52
56 50 72 49 88 51
57 43 73 47 89 59
58 15 74 19 90 19
59 20 75 22 91 22
60 23 76 25 92 27
61 23 77 26 93 28
62 25 78 25 94 27
63 23 79 25 95 25
64 22 80 23 96 23

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 0

1 2 17 2 33 2
2 51 18 53 34 53
3 48 19 51 35 50
4 43 20 47 36 47
5 42 21 46 37 48
6 41 22 45 38 46
7 39 23 42 39 45
8 39 24 41 40 44
9 34 25 34 41 48
10 43 26 41 42 39
11 41 27 40 43 37
12 40 28 40 44 36
13 39 29 36 45 35
14 38 30 35 46 32
15 37 31 34 47 32
16 36 32 34 48 31

49 2 65 2 81 2
50 55 66 57 82 56
51 52 67 51 83 51
52 49 68 49 84 48
53 49 69 48 85 45
54 47 70 47 86 44
55 46 71 46 87 44
56 47 72 47 88 44
57 50 73 52 89 51
58 38 74 38 90 38
59 36 75 37 91 36
60 35 76 36 92 36
61 32 77 34 93 34
62 31 78 32 94 32
63 30 79 31 95 51
64 31 80 30 96 30

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 3

1 16 17 8 33 16
2 65 18 73 34 76
3 58 19 58 35 58
4 48 20 53 36 53
5 47 21 51 37 52
6 43 22 47 38 50
7 40 23 45 39 48
8 40 24 43 40 46
9 32 25 34 41 46
10 32 26 31 42 30
11 34 27 33 43 31
12 34 28 35 44 32
13 35 29 32 45 31
14 35 30 33 46 30
15 35 31 33 47 29
16 36 32 33 48 28

49 5 65 5 81 5
50 80 66 18 82 67
51 58 67 55 83 63
52 54 68 54 84 50
53 53 69 52 85 46
54 50 70 50 86 46
55 49 71 49 87 47
56 49 72 49 88 47
57 47 73 51 89 54
58 27 74 30 90 31
59 29 75 31 91 31
60 30 76 32 92 33
61 28 77 31 93 33
62 28 78 29 94 30
63 25 79 27 95 28
64 26 80 27 96 27

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 6

1 52 17 35 33 50
2 74 18 85 34 105
3 65 19 67 35 66
4 55 20 58 36 59
5 50 21 54 37 56
6 46 22 50 38 52
7 42 23 47 39 50
8 41 24 44 40 46
9 34 25 35 41 41
10 23 26 23 42 19
11 28 27 27 43 23
12 30 28 30 44 25
13 32 29 28 45 25
14 33 30 29 46 26
15 33 31 30 47 26
16 34 32 31 48 25

49 25 65 22 81 19
50 107 66 103 82 95
51 68 67 65 83 60
52 59 68 58 84 55
53 56 69 55 85 51
54 53 70 52 86 50
55 50 71 51 87 49
56 49 72 50 88 49
57 43 73 47 89 56
58 18 74 22 90 23
59 23 75 25 91 25
60 25 76 27 92 29
61 25 77 28 93 30
62 26 78 26 94 28
63 23 79 25 95 26
64 23 80 24 96 24

Wing Type FORWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 9

1 30 17 21 33 40
2 61 18 67 34 80
3 60 19 67 35 74
4 60 20 66 36 71
5 57 21 63 37 67
6 55 22 61 38 62
7 50 23 57 39 56
8 47 24 53 40 51
9 40 25 42 41 42
10 23 26 21 42 17
11 27 27 26 43 22
12 29 28 29 44 24
13 31 29 27 45 25
14 33 30 28 46 25
15 34 31 30 47 25
16 35 32 32 48 24

49 22 65 29 81 23
50 87 66 89 82 106
51 83 67 88 83 66
52 77 68 81 84 57
53 69 69 74 85 53
54 61 70 65 86 52
55 55 71 58 87 51
56 51 72 53 88 51
57 49 73 43 89 59
58 16 74 18 90 18
59 21 75 22 91 22
60 26 76 24 92 26
61 24 77 25 93 28
62 25 78 25 94 27
63 22 79 24 95 25
64 22 80 23 96 23

Wing Type BACKWARD

Configuration PLANE
Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 0

1 27 17 27 33 27
2 70 18 74 34 78
3 69 19 71 35 70
4 68 20 70 36 70
5 66 21 69 37 69
6 65 22 67 38 68
7 63 23 66 39 67
8 63 24 65 40 65
9 60 25 61 41 60
10 70 26 73 42 64
11 68 27 70 43 68
12 67 28 68 44 68
13 67 29 65 45 67
14 66 30 64 46 65
15 64 31 64 47 65
16 63 32 62 48 64

49 26 65 26 81 26
50 79 66 79 82 80
51 74 67 75 83 75
52 71 68 72 84 73
53 70 69 71 85 68
54 69 70 70 86 67
55 68 71 68 87 66
56 66 72 66 88 65
57 60 73 60 89 61
58 70 74 71 90 74
59 69 75 70 91 68
60 67 76 68 92 67
61 66 77 68 93 69
62 66 78 67 94 67
63 63 79 65 95 66
64 63 80 64 96 64

Wing Type BACKWARD

Configuration PLANE
Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 3

1 48 17 58 33 50
2 82 18 89 34 92
3 77 19 80 35 76
4 74 20 75 36 75
5 70 21 73 37 74
6 68 22 71 38 71
7 65 23 68 39 69
8 65 24 67 40 67
9 59 25 59 41 60
10 58 26 60 42 61
11 60 27 61 43 61
12 61 28 62 44 69
13 62 29 60 45 69
14 61 30 61 46 62
15 61 31 61 47 63
16 60 32 60 48 62

49 72 65 57 81 55
50 97 66 96 82 97
51 79 67 80 83 80
52 67 68 76 84 76
53 74 69 75 85 72
54 73 70 72 86 70
55 70 71 69 87 69
56 68 72 68 88 67
57 58 73 61 89 61
58 60 74 60 90 62
59 61 75 62 91 61
60 61 76 63 92 63
61 62 77 63 93 65
62 63 78 63 94 64
63 60 79 62 95 64
64 61 80 62 96 63

Wing Type BACKWARD

Configuration PLANE
Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 6

1 81 17 94 33 75
2 90 18 95 34 118
3 83 19 87 35 85
4 79 20 81 36 81
5 74 21 76 37 78
6 71 22 73 38 75
7 67 23 70 39 71
8 67 24 68 40 68
9 59 25 60 41 60
10 50 26 51 42 52
11 55 27 55 43 55
12 56 28 57 44 59
13 59 29 57 45 60
14 59 30 59 46 60
15 58 31 60 47 61
16 59 32 60 48 61

49 106 65 81 81 74
50 122 66 125 82 112
51 86 67 93 83 98
52 81 68 82 84 85
53 78 69 78 85 74
54 75 70 74 86 72
55 72 71 71 87 70
56 70 72 69 88 68
57 60 73 62 89 62
58 51 74 51 90 54
59 56 75 58 91 58
60 57 76 59 92 60
61 58 77 61 93 63
62 60 78 61 94 63
63 59 79 62 95 63
64 60 80 61 96 63

Wing Type BACKWARD

Configuration PLANE
Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 8

1 102 17 113 33 25
2 104 18 106 34 120
3 87 19 91 35 104
4 81 20 85 36 91
5 76 21 80 37 82
6 73 22 75 38 78
7 70 23 72 39 73
8 69 24 70 40 70
9 60 25 61 41 61
10 46 26 48 42 64
11 53 27 52 43 52
12 55 28 55 44 55
13 57 29 55 45 57
14 58 30 57 46 58
15 58 31 58 47 60
16 59 32 58 48 60

49 100 65 73 81 64
50 105 66 100 82 90
51 103 67 98 83 91
52 98 68 94 84 90
53 90 69 90 85 86
54 84 70 85 86 82
55 79 71 78 87 87
56 75 72 73 88 74
57 60 73 64 89 64
58 48 74 50 90 52
59 54 75 56 91 56
60 56 76 58 92 59
61 57 77 60 93 62
62 59 78 60 94 63
63 58 79 61 95 63
64 60 80 62 96 63

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 0

1 26 17 26 33 26
2 73 18 77 34 80
3 71 19 73 35 74
4 70 20 72 36 72
5 68 21 70 37 71
6 67 22 69 38 70
7 65 23 68 39 69
8 65 24 67 40 67
9 61 25 62 41 60
10 70 26 73 42 64
11 69 27 70 43 69
12 68 28 69 44 68
13 68 29 66 45 67
14 66 30 65 46 65
15 65 31 65 47 65
16 64 32 63 48 64

49 26 65 26 81 26
50 82 66 80 82 81
51 75 67 76 83 77
52 74 68 73 84 74
53 73 69 72 85 71
54 72 70 71 86 70
55 71 71 70 87 69
56 70 72 69 88 69
57 76 73 76 89 77
58 68 74 66 90 70
59 66 75 66 91 65
60 64 76 64 92 64
61 63 77 63 93 64
62 62 78 62 94 62
63 59 79 60 95 61
64 59 80 58 96 60

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 3

1 49 17 59 33 49
2 85 18 92 34 92
3 80 19 84 35 76
4 76 20 79 36 74
5 73 21 75 37 73
6 71 22 73 38 70
7 68 23 71 39 69
8 68 24 70 40 66
9 61 25 61 41 59
10 61 26 62 42 60
11 64 27 63 43 60
12 64 28 64 44 61
13 65 29 60 45 61
14 65 30 60 46 60
15 64 31 60 47 60
16 63 32 60 48 60

49 73 65 59 81 57
50 78 66 101 82 101
51 80 67 82 83 82
52 77 68 78 84 78
53 74 69 76 85 74
54 73 70 74 86 73
55 72 71 72 87 72
56 70 72 71 88 71
57 75 73 73 89 76
58 57 74 56 90 57
59 59 75 60 91 58
60 59 76 59 92 60
61 59 77 59 93 61
62 59 78 58 94 59
63 58 79 58 95 58
64 56 80 55 96 56

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 6

1 83 17 98 33 77
2 93 18 99 34 120
3 87 19 90 35 85
4 82 20 85 36 81
5 78 21 80 37 78
6 75 22 77 38 74
7 72 23 73 39 71
8 70 24 71 40 68
9 62 25 62 41 60
10 53 26 54 42 52
11 58 27 57 43 54
12 59 28 60 44 56
13 61 29 57 45 58
14 61 30 58 46 58
15 61 31 58 47 59
16 62 32 58 48 59

49 111 65 83 81 76
50 126 66 128 82 115
51 88 67 96 83 103
52 82 68 84 84 88
53 79 69 80 85 81
54 76 70 78 86 76
55 74 71 74 87 73
56 72 72 72 88 72
57 75 73 69 89 71
58 49 74 48 90 50
59 54 75 54 91 54
60 55 76 56 92 56
61 56 77 57 93 59
62 57 78 56 94 58
63 55 79 55 95 56
64 55 80 54 96 55

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 8

1 103 17 120 33 89
2 102 18 108 34 128
3 89 19 93 35 101
4 84 20 86 36 88
5 79 21 81 37 80
6 76 22 78 38 77
7 72 23 74 39 73
8 70 24 70 40 70
9 62 25 63 41 60
10 49 26 50 42 50
11 55 27 55 43 51
12 57 28 58 44 55
13 60 29 55 45 57
14 60 30 57 46 58
15 60 31 58 47 59
16 61 32 59 48 59

49 109 65 75 81 66
50 115 66 100 82 91
51 108 67 99 83 92
52 100 68 98 84 93
53 92 69 95 85 90
54 84 70 91 86 88
55 79 71 85 87 84
56 75 72 80 88 80
57 74 73 70 89 70
58 46 74 47 90 50
59 51 75 53 91 53
60 53 76 54 92 56
61 54 77 56 93 58
62 56 78 56 94 58
63 54 79 55 95 57
64 54 80 54 96 54

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 0

1 28 17 28 33 28
2 71 18 77 34 78
3 70 19 73 35 71
4 68 20 71 36 70
5 67 21 70 37 69
6 66 22 69 38 68
7 64 23 67 39 67
8 63 24 66 40 65
9 60 25 60 41 60
10 70 26 75 42 63
11 69 27 69 43 66
12 66 28 68 44 65
13 66 29 63 45 64
14 65 30 62 46 62
15 64 31 62 47 62
16 63 32 61 48 61

49 45 65 28 81 28
50 80 66 80 82 83
51 75 67 77 83 78
52 73 68 74 84 75
53 71 69 73 85 73
54 70 70 71 86 72
55 70 71 70 87 71
56 69 72 70 88 70
57 83 73 78 89 81
58 67 74 66 90 65
59 65 75 65 91 61
60 63 76 63 92 61
61 61 77 61 93 60
62 60 78 59 94 58
63 58 79 58 95 58
64 57 80 57 96 58

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 3

1 47 17 57 33 50
2 83 18 90 34 95
3 78 19 81 35 78
4 74 20 77 36 76
5 71 21 74 37 74
6 69 22 72 38 71
7 66 23 70 39 69
8 66 24 68 40 68
9 60 25 60 41 60
10 60 26 61 42 61
11 62 27 62 43 58
12 62 28 63 44 60
13 63 29 59 45 60
14 63 30 59 46 60
15 62 31 59 47 60
16 61 32 59 48 59

49 77 65 64 81 63
50 100 66 112 82 110
51 80 67 85 83 85
52 78 68 80 84 80
53 76 69 78 85 76
54 74 70 75 86 75
55 73 71 74 87 74
56 72 72 73 88 73
57 81 73 76 89 80
58 54 74 54 90 55
59 57 75 58 91 56
60 58 76 58 92 57
61 57 77 57 93 59
62 57 78 56 94 57
63 55 79 55 95 55
64 54 80 54 96 54

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 6

1 81 17 97 33 84
2 90 18 98 34 125
3 84 19 89 35 88
4 79 20 83 36 83
5 75 21 79 37 79
6 73 22 75 38 75
7 69 23 72 39 72
8 68 24 70 40 69
9 60 25 60 41 60
10 51 26 52 42 51
11 56 27 57 43 51
12 57 28 58 44 55
13 60 29 55 45 56
14 60 30 56 46 56
15 60 31 57 47 57
16 60 32 58 48 58

49 122 65 85 81 74
50 133 66 125 82 109
51 91 67 108 83 104
52 85 68 90 84 97
53 81 69 83 85 85
54 78 70 78 86 80
55 76 71 75 87 76
56 74 72 73 88 74
57 78 73 72 89 76
58 48 74 48 90 49
59 52 75 52 91 52
60 54 76 54 92 55
61 54 77 54 93 57
62 55 78 54 94 56
63 53 79 53 95 55
64 52 80 52 96 53

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 8

1 108 17 110 33 83
2 113 18 125 34 114
3 90 19 102 35 108
4 83 20 89 36 101
5 78 21 81 37 92
6 75 22 78 38 84
7 71 23 74 39 78
8 70 24 71 40 72
9 60 25 61 41 61
10 46 26 47 42 48
11 52 27 53 43 50
12 54 28 56 44 53
13 58 29 53 45 55
14 58 30 55 46 55
15 58 31 56 47 57
16 59 32 56 48 57

49 96 65 70 81 64
50 100 66 91 82 86
51 100 67 80 83 86
52 98 68 90 84 87
53 96 69 90 85 80
54 93 70 89 86 81
55 88 71 88 87 82
56 84 72 85 88 81
57 83 73 78 89 79
58 45 74 46 90 50
59 50 75 51 91 52
60 52 76 53 92 55
61 53 77 54 93 57
62 54 78 54 94 56
63 53 79 53 95 55
64 52 80 51 96 53

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 0

1 28 17 28 33 28
2 72 18 77 34 81
3 70 19 72 35 74
4 68 20 70 36 72
5 66 21 69 37 71
6 65 22 68 38 69
7 63 23 66 39 68
8 63 24 65 40 66
9 59 25 59 41 59
10 67 26 69 42 67
11 65 27 66 43 64
12 64 28 65 44 64
13 64 29 62 45 63
14 63 30 61 46 61
15 62 31 61 47 61
16 61 32 60 48 60

49 28 65 28 81 28
50 84 66 83 82 87
51 78 67 79 83 80
52 75 68 76 84 76
53 73 69 74 85 75
54 72 70 73 86 72
55 71 71 72 87 71
56 71 72 71 88 70
57 84 73 80 89 81
58 64 74 62 90 63
59 63 75 62 91 60
60 61 76 60 92 59
61 60 77 59 93 58
62 59 78 56 94 57
63 55 79 55 95 56
64 55 80 53 96 55

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 3

1 48 17 58 33 52
2 83 18 90 34 96
3 77 19 82 35 76
4 74 20 76 36 76
5 70 21 73 37 74
6 69 22 72 38 72
7 65 23 69 39 70
8 65 24 68 40 68
9 59 25 59 41 59
10 58 26 60 42 59
11 60 27 61 43 58
12 62 28 62 44 59
13 61 29 59 45 59
14 60 30 59 46 58
15 60 31 59 47 58
16 59 32 59 48 58

49 80 65 62 81 63
50 103 66 111 82 109
51 81 67 85 83 85
52 78 68 81 84 80
53 76 69 78 85 77
54 74 70 76 86 76
55 73 71 74 87 74
56 72 72 74 88 73
57 82 73 78 89 82
58 55 74 73 90 54
59 57 75 56 91 55
60 56 76 56 92 57
61 56 77 56 93 58
62 56 78 54 94 56
63 53 79 53 95 54
64 52 80 52 96 53

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 6

1 78 17 93 33 83
2 90 18 102 34 125
3 84 19 88 35 86
4 79 20 83 36 81
5 75 21 78 37 78
6 72 22 74 38 74
7 69 23 71 39 71
8 68 24 69 40 68
9 59 25 59 41 59
10 51 26 51 42 48
11 56 27 55 43 51
12 57 28 57 44 54
13 60 29 55 45 55
14 60 30 56 46 55
15 60 31 57 47 56
16 60 32 57 48 57

49 122 65 87 81 74
50 132 66 125 82 106
51 90 67 110 83 105
52 84 68 94 84 100
53 80 69 85 85 93
54 78 70 80 86 86
55 75 71 77 87 80
56 73 72 74 88 75
57 79 73 73 89 77
58 46 74 45 90 48
59 50 75 51 91 51
60 52 76 52 92 54
61 53 77 53 93 55
62 54 78 52 94 54
63 51 79 49 95 52
64 50 80 49 96 51

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 8

1 105 17 117 33 95
2 106 18 118 34 133
3 89 19 93 35 96
4 82 20 95 36 85
5 77 21 79 37 80
6 74 22 75 38 76
7 70 23 72 39 72
8 69 24 69 40 69
9 60 25 60 41 60
10 45 26 47 42 45
11 52 27 52 43 49
12 54 28 54 44 52
13 57 29 53 45 58
14 58 30 55 46 54
15 58 31 56 47 55
16 58 32 57 48 56

49 113 65 75 81 68
50 118 66 98 82 92
51 109 67 97 83 92
52 100 68 96 84 93
53 90 69 96 85 93
54 84 70 95 86 92
55 79 71 90 87 89
56 75 72 86 88 85
57 78 73 75 89 75
58 43 74 44 90 78
59 48 75 50 91 50
60 50 76 51 92 53
61 51 77 52 93 55
62 52 78 51 94 53
63 50 79 49 95 52
64 49 80 48 96 51

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 0

1 28 17 28 33 28
2 70 18 76 34 82
3 69 19 71 35 75
4 67 20 70 36 73
5 66 21 69 37 72
6 65 22 68 38 70
7 63 23 66 39 69
8 63 24 65 40 68
9 60 25 60 41 73
10 70 26 74 42 63
11 68 27 69 43 64
12 67 28 67 44 63
13 66 29 66 45 62
14 65 30 62 46 60
15 63 31 62 47 60
16 63 32 60 48 58

49 28 65 28 81 42
50 85 66 84 82 86
51 78 67 78 83 80
52 75 68 75 84 76
53 73 69 74 85 72
54 72 70 72 86 70
55 71 71 70 87 70
56 70 72 69 88 69
57 75 73 79 89 79
58 63 74 62 90 65
59 62 75 62 91 61
60 61 76 61 92 61
61 59 77 60 93 62
62 58 78 59 94 60
63 56 79 57 95 59
64 55 80 56 96 58

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 3

1 45 17 55 33 53
2 81 18 88 34 97
3 76 19 80 35 78
4 73 20 75 36 77
5 70 21 73 37 75
6 68 22 70 38 73
7 65 23 68 39 71
8 65 24 67 40 70
9 58 25 60 41 70
10 58 26 60 42 57
11 60 27 61 43 59
12 60 28 62 44 60
13 62 29 59 45 60
14 61 30 60 46 58
15 60 31 60 47 58
16 60 32 59 48 56

49 80 65 64 81 64
50 104 66 113 82 110
51 83 67 84 83 54
52 80 68 80 84 80
53 78 69 77 85 76
54 76 70 75 86 74
55 74 71 72 87 73
56 73 72 71 88 71
57 70 73 72 89 76
58 54 74 53 90 66
59 56 75 56 91 56
60 57 76 57 92 59
61 56 77 58 93 60
62 56 78 57 94 59
63 54 79 56 95 58
64 53 80 54 96 56

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 6

1 78 17 94 33 85
2 90 18 98 34 127
3 84 19 88 35 89
4 79 20 82 36 84
5 74 21 78 37 80
6 72 22 74 38 77
7 68 23 71 39 74
8 67 24 69 40 71
9 60 25 60 41 68
10 50 26 51 42 51
11 55 27 55 43 52
12 56 28 57 44 55
13 59 29 55 45 56
14 59 30 57 46 55
15 60 31 58 47 55
16 60 32 58 48 54

49 124 65 85 81 71
50 134 66 120 82 102
51 92 67 108 83 101
52 86 68 95 84 98
53 82 69 86 85 88
54 79 70 79 86 82
55 77 71 75 87 77
56 75 72 72 88 73
57 66 73 69 89 71
58 45 74 46 90 50
59 50 75 52 91 53
60 52 76 54 92 56
61 53 77 55 93 59
62 54 78 55 94 58
63 52 79 54 95 57
64 52 80 53 96 55

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 8

1 104 17 116 33 96
2 105 18 108 34 133
3 88 19 92 35 104
4 81 20 85 36 89
5 77 21 80 37 83
6 74 22 76 38 79
7 70 23 72 39 75
8 69 24 70 40 72
9 60 25 60 41 68
10 45 26 46 42 48
11 51 27 51 43 49
12 54 28 54 44 53
13 56 29 54 45 54
14 57 30 56 46 54
15 57 31 57 47 54
16 58 32 57 48 54

49 112 65 72 81 65
50 116 66 95 82 88
51 112 67 94 83 89
52 103 68 93 84 90
53 94 69 93 85 90
54 88 70 91 86 89
55 82 71 88 87 87
56 78 72 84 88 84
57 69 73 73 89 74
58 50 74 45 90 49
59 52 75 52 91 53
60 53 76 54 92 56
61 54 77 55 93 59
62 52 78 55 94 58
63 52 79 55 95 58
64 59 80 53 96 55

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 0

1 28 17 35 33 28
2 70 18 76 34 82
3 69 19 72 35 75
4 67 20 70 36 74
5 66 21 69 37 73
6 65 22 68 38 72
7 63 23 66 39 71
8 63 24 65 40 70
9 60 25 59 41 78
10 68 26 69 42 64
11 64 27 66 43 64
12 64 28 65 44 63
13 64 29 63 45 62
14 63 30 62 46 59
15 62 31 61 47 58
16 61 32 60 48 57

49 28 65 28 81 28
50 86 66 85 82 87
51 80 67 79 83 76
52 77 68 75 84 73
53 75 69 74 85 72
54 74 70 73 86 71
55 79 71 72 87 70
56 79 72 71 88 69
57 80 73 82 89 80
58 61 74 60 90 63
59 60 75 60 91 60
60 59 76 59 92 59
61 57 77 58 93 59
62 56 78 56 94 58
63 53 79 55 95 57
64 53 80 54 96 56

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 3

1 52 17 64 33 59
2 88 18 92 34 103
3 78 19 80 35 80
4 74 20 78 36 80
5 71 21 74 37 78
6 69 22 72 38 76
7 66 23 69 39 74
8 66 24 68 40 73
9 58 25 59 41 76
10 55 26 57 42 55
11 58 27 58 43 57
12 59 28 59 44 58
13 61 29 59 45 58
14 60 30 59 46 57
15 59 31 59 47 56
16 59 32 59 48 54

49 91 65 6 81 66
50 112 66 118 82 114
51 85 67 86 83 85
52 83 68 81 84 80
53 80 69 79 85 76
54 78 70 76 86 75
55 77 71 74 87 73
56 76 72 73 88 72
57 75 73 78 89 79
58 51 74 50 90 53
59 54 75 55 91 55
60 54 76 55 92 56
61 53 77 55 93 58
62 53 78 54 94 57
63 50 79 52 95 55
64 50 80 51 96 54

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 6

1 83 17 100 33 93
2 89 18 98 34 129
3 84 19 88 35 91
4 79 20 83 36 86
5 75 21 78 37 82
6 72 22 75 38 79
7 65 23 72 39 77
8 68 24 69 40 74
9 59 25 60 41 72
10 49 26 50 42 50
11 54 27 53 43 51
12 56 28 56 44 53
13 58 29 55 45 54
14 58 30 56 46 54
15 57 31 57 47 53
16 57 32 58 48 51

49 128 65 82 81 70
50 138 66 109 82 98
51 102 67 106 83 99
52 89 68 103 84 99
53 85 69 99 85 91
54 81 70 91 86 85
55 79 71 84 87 78
56 77 72 78 88 74
57 69 73 70 89 74
58 43 74 45 90 48
59 48 75 50 91 51
60 50 76 52 92 51
61 50 77 53 93 54
62 51 78 52 94 56
63 49 79 51 95 55
64 48 80 50 96 54

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 8

1 103 17 121 33 95
2 101 18 108 34 130
3 87 19 92 35 110
4 81 20 85 36 95
5 76 21 80 37 86
6 73 22 76 38 81
7 69 23 73 39 78
8 68 24 70 40 75
9 59 25 60 41 72
10 45 26 45 42 45
11 51 27 51 43 49
12 53 28 54 44 52
13 56 29 54 45 54
14 57 30 56 46 54
15 57 31 57 47 53
16 58 32 58 48 52

49 111 65 66 81 61
50 113 66 84 82 80
51 111 67 84 83 80
52 105 68 83 84 81
53 98 69 84 85 90
54 91 70 84 86 89
55 86 71 84 87 88
56 81 72 84 88 84
57 78 73 79 89 76
58 44 74 45 90 48
59 49 75 51 91 51
60 51 76 53 92 54
61 52 77 54 93 56
62 53 78 54 94 55
63 50 79 53 95 54
64 49 80 51 96 53

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 0

1 26 17 26 33 26
2 70 18 76 34 80
3 68 19 71 35 73
4 66 20 70 36 72
5 65 21 68 37 71
6 64 22 67 38 70
7 62 23 66 39 69
8 62 24 65 40 68
9 57 25 58 41 77
10 65 26 67 42 60
11 64 27 64 43 62
12 63 28 63 44 61
13 63 29 61 45 60
14 62 30 60 46 57
15 60 31 60 47 56
16 59 32 59 48 55

49 49 65 26 81 41
50 82 66 82 82 84
51 77 67 77 83 78
52 74 68 74 84 74
53 73 69 73 85 74
54 72 70 71 86 72
55 72 71 70 87 71
56 72 72 70 88 71
57 78 73 80 89 81
58 61 74 59 90 60
59 60 75 59 91 58
60 58 76 58 92 58
61 56 77 56 93 57
62 54 78 54 94 56
63 52 79 53 95 55
64 50 80 51 96 54

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 3

1 46 17 59 33 56
2 81 18 89 34 100
3 76 19 80 35 79
4 72 20 75 36 78
5 69 21 73 37 76
6 67 22 70 38 74
7 64 23 68 39 72
8 64 24 67 40 71
9 57 25 58 41 25
10 56 26 58 42 54
11 59 27 59 43 55
12 59 28 60 44 56
13 60 29 57 45 56
14 60 30 57 46 56
15 59 31 57 47 54
16 59 32 57 48 55

49 86 65 67 81 66
50 108 66 115 82 113
51 83 67 84 83 84
52 80 68 80 84 80
53 78 69 78 85 76
54 76 70 75 86 75
55 75 71 74 87 74
56 74 72 75 88 73
57 75 73 78 89 81
58 50 74 50 90 53
59 53 75 53 91 54
60 53 76 53 92 55
61 52 77 52 93 56
62 51 78 51 94 54
63 49 79 50 95 53
64 49 80 50 96 52

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 6

1 82 17 100 33 90
2 88 18 69 34 126
3 82 19 87 35 89
4 77 20 87 36 84
5 73 21 78 37 80
6 70 22 73 38 78
7 66 23 70 39 75
8 65 24 68 40 73
9 56 25 58 41 71
10 48 26 48 42 45
11 52 27 52 43 48
12 54 28 54 44 51
13 56 29 53 45 51
14 56 30 55 46 51
15 56 31 55 47 50
16 57 32 55 48 49

49 127 65 85 81 71
50 134 66 117 82 100
51 96 67 110 83 100
52 87 68 100 84 99
53 83 69 92 85 91
54 80 70 83 86 83
55 78 71 77 87 78
56 76 72 73 88 79
57 70 73 70 89 78
58 43 74 43 90 47
59 47 75 48 91 50
60 49 76 50 92 52
61 49 77 50 93 54
62 49 78 49 94 53
63 46 79 48 95 51
64 46 80 47 96 50

Wing Type BACKWARD

Airspeed 20 m/s
Angle Of Attack 8

1 105 17 110 33 96
2 106 18 125 34 130
3 88 19 98 35 111
4 81 20 76 36 96
5 76 21 69 37 86
6 73 22 65 38 81
7 69 23 62 39 77
8 68 24 70 40 74
9 58 25 60 41 73
10 44 26 45 42 43
11 50 27 50 43 47
12 52 28 53 44 50
13 55 29 52 45 51
14 55 30 53 46 50
15 55 31 54 47 50
16 56 32 55 48 48

49 108 65 76 81 69
50 109 66 97 82 90
51 108 67 96 83 91
52 105 68 95 84 93
53 99 69 95 85 91
54 93 70 94 86 91
55 87 71 90 87 89
56 82 72 86 88 85
57 70 73 75 89 76
58 41 74 44 90 46
59 46 75 49 91 49
60 48 76 50 92 52
61 48 77 50 93 53
62 49 78 50 94 52
63 49 79 49 95 51
64 46 80 48 96 50

6.4 MATLAB PROGRAM
The Cp vs X/C curve is computed using the below mentioned program in MATLAB
% Tunnel Speed
Po=1.03125e5;
Ho=0.002;
Hf=0.034;
RHOair=1.225;
RHOal=789;
rho=(RHOal/RHOair);
Vt=sqrt(2*rho*9.81*(Hf-Ho))
Qt=(0.5*RHOair*Vt*Vt);
Pt=Po-Qt;
% Array Generation
Hoa=Ho*(ones(1,9));
Poa=Po*(ones(1,9));
Pta=Pt*(ones(1,9));
Qta=Qt*(ones(1,9));
Loc=[0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 1];

Loc1=[0:0.01:1];
% Upper Surface
Husa=[ 26 57 56 56 55 54 51 49 41] .*10^-3;
Husa1=[ 18 63 63 62 61 60 58 55 44] .*10^-3;
Husa2=[ 21 85 78 69 61 56 51 48 41] .*10^-3;
Husa3=[ 24 80 80 75 66 58 53 50 41] .*10^-3;
Husa4=[ 27 96 88 70 58 52 49 48 44] .*10^-3;
Husa5=[ 27 106 64 57 52 50 49 49 51].*10^-3;
%series 1
Vusa=sqrt((2*rho*9.81).*(Husa(1:9)-Hoa));
Qusa=((0.5*RHOair).*(Vusa.*Vusa));
Pusa=Poa-Qusa;
Cpusa=((Pusa-Pta)./(Qta));
%series 2
Vusa1=sqrt((2*rho*9.81).*(Husa1(1:9)-Hoa));
Qusa1=((0.5*RHOair).*(Vusa1.*Vusa1));
Pusa1=Poa-Qusa1;
Cpusa1=((Pusa1-Pta)./(Qta));
%series 3
Pusa2=Poa-Qusa2;
%series 4
Pusa3=Poa-Qusa3;
%series 5

Pusa4=Poa-Qusa4;
%series 6
Pusa5=Poa-Qusa5;
% Lower Surface
Hlsa=[ 26 23 27 30 32 33 34 36 41] .*10^-3;
Hlsa1=[ 18 22 26 30 28 30 31 33 44] .*10^-3;
Hlsa2=[ 21 18 23 26 27 28 28 28 41] .*10^-3;
Hlsa3=[ 24 17 22 25 25 27 25 26 41] .*10^-3;
Hlsa4=[ 27 20 23 26 27 27 27 25 44] .*10^-3;
Hlsa5=[ 27 20 25 29 30 29 28 25 51].*10^-3;
%series 1
Vlsa=sqrt((2*rho*9.81).*(Hlsa(1:9)-Hoa));
Qlsa=((0.5*RHOair).*(Vlsa.*Vlsa));
Plsa=Poa-Qlsa;
Cplsa=((Plsa-Pta)./(Qta));
%series 2
Vlsa1=sqrt((2*rho*9.81).*(Hlsa1(1:9)-Hoa));
Qlsa1=((0.5*RHOair).*(Vlsa1.*Vlsa1));
Plsa1=Poa-Qlsa1;
Cplsa1=((Plsa1-Pta)./(Qta));
%series 3
Plsa2=Poa-Qlsa2;
%series 4
Plsa3=Poa-Qlsa3;
%series 5
Plsa4=Poa-Qlsa4;
%series 6
Plsa5=Poa-Qlsa5;
% Lift Force
PusaF=Pusa(2:8);
PusaF1=Pusa1(2:8);
PusaF2=Pusa2(2:8);
PusaF3=Pusa3(2:8);
PusaF4=Pusa4(2:8);
PusaF5=Pusa5(2:8);
PlsaF=Plsa(2:8);
PlsaF1=Plsa1(2:8);
PlsaF2=Plsa2(2:8);
PlsaF3=Plsa3(2:8);

PlsaF4=Plsa4(2:8);
PlsaF5=Plsa5(2:8);
Pres=PlsaF-PusaF;
Pres1=PlsaF1-PusaF1;
% Area Matrix
Area=[2542 1701 1915 2023.5 1973 2292.5 6441.5; 2292 1573.5 1669 1753 1729
1929.5 5721; 1555.125 1096.5 1090.5 1137.375 1137 1208.625 3817.875; 958.75
691 650.25 673.5 682 692.25 2320; 896.25 659.25 588.75 605.75 621 601.5 2140;
1227 929.25 767.625 781.875 817.125 731.625 2872.125].*(10^-6);
Lift=Pres.*Area(1,1:7);
LiftS1=sum(Lift);
Lift1=Pres1.*Area(2,1:7);
LiftS2=sum(Lift1);
LiftS3=sum(Lift2);
LiftS4=sum(Lift3);
LiftS5=sum(Lift4);
LiftS6=sum(Lift5);
TotalLift=LiftS1+LiftS2+LiftS3+LiftS4+LiftS5+LiftS6
Cl= TotalLift/(0.5*RHOair*Vt*Vt*0.0675)
% Plots
plot(Loc,Cpusa,'m-');
hold on;
plot(Loc,Cpusa1,'y-');
plot(Loc,Cplsa,'m--');
plot(Loc,Cplsa1,'y--');
plot(Loc,Cpusa2,'r-');
plot(Loc,Cplsa2,'r--');
plot(Loc,Cpusa3,'g-');
plot(Loc,Cplsa3,'g--');
plot(Loc,Cpusa4,'b-');
plot(Loc,Cplsa4,'b--');
plot(Loc,Cpusa5,'w-');
plot(Loc,Cplsa5,'w--');
legend('Series 1 Upper' ,'Series 2 Upper' ,'Series 1 Lower' ,'Series 2
Lower' ,'Series 3 Upper','Series 3 Lower','Series 4 Upper','Series 4
Lower','Series 5 Upper','Series 5 Lower','Series 6 Upper','Series 6 Lower')
hold off;
xlabel('X/C');
ylabel('Co-efficient of Pressure');
title('Cp v/s X/C for 9o Angle Of Attack (2%-50%)');
set(gca,'YDir','Reverse');

Cp vs X/C CURVES
Fig 6.3.CP v/s X/C plot for Forward Swept Wing at 0o AOA




Fig 6.7.CP v/s X/C plot for Forward Swept Wing at 0o AOA with 2% Gurney Flap over
30% Span

30% Span

30% Span

30% Span

30% Span

30% Span

30% Span

30% Span

30% Span

30% Span

30% Span

30% Span

50% Span

50% Span

50% Span

50% Span

Fig 6.23 CP v/s X/C plot for Forward Swept Wing at 0o AOA with 4% Gurney Flap over
50% Span

50% Span

50% Span

50% Span

50% Span

50% Span

50% Span

50% Span

Fig 6.31 CP v/s X/C plot for Swept Back Wing at 0o AOA




Fig 6.35 CP v/s X/C plot for Swept Back Wing at 0o AOA with 2% Gurney Flap over 30%
Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

Span

CHAPTER 7
TUFT FLOW VISUALIZATION RESULTS

7. TUFT FLOW VISUALIZATION RESULTS
Ttuft flow visualization was conducted to verify the increase in stall angle or the increase in
value of CLmax after the addition of Gurney Flaps. The increase in the value of maximum lift co-
efficient is clearly shown by the comparison of data made in the subsequent sections.
Fig7.1: Forward Swept Wing with No Gurney Flap at 0 AOA
Fig7.2: Forward Swept Wing with No Gurney Flap at 12 AOA

Fig7.3: Forward Swept Wing with 4% Thickness 30% Span at 0 AOA
Fig7.4: Forward Swept Wing with 4% Thickness 30% Span at 13 AOA

Fig7.5: Swept Back Wing with No Gurney Flap at 0 AOA
Fig7.6: Swept Back Wing with No Gurney Flap at 8.5 AOA

Fig7.7: Swept Back Wing with 4% Thickness 30% Span at 0 AOA
Fig7.7: Swept Back Wing with 4% Thickness 30% Span at 11 AOA

CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION
Based on the experiments conducted, the following conclusions can be made from the extracted
data,
Fig 8.1 CL v/s Angle of Attack for a forward Swept Wing with Gurney Flap over 30% Span
Fig 8.2 CL v/s Angle of Attack for a forward Swept Wing with Gurney Flap over 30% Span

 The presence of Gurney Flaps provides a CL value a 0o angle of attack in both cases
 Based on Fig 11.1 and Fig 11.2, the plain wing produces the lift as expected from a
NACA 0009 airfoil. The deflection due to the presence of Gurney Flaps of various
dimensions is clearly visible by the increment in CL values obtained
 Gurney Flap of 4% MAC produces CL values intermediate of 3% and 5%, converging at
about 7.5o-8o angle of attack in forward swept wing with Gurney Flaps over 30%
 In case of forward swept wing with flaps over 50% span, the convergence occurs at lower
angles of attack
 Beyond this convergence point, at higher angle of attacks, 2% Gurney Flap provides
marginally higher CL values in case of wings over 30% span, but in case of 50% span the
maximum CL is subsequently provided by the Gurney Flap of 5% MAC
 The forward swept wing with Gurney Flaps over 50% span provides higher CL at 0o
Angle of Attack as against its 30% counterpart
Fig 8.3 CL v/s Angle of Attack for a Swept Back Wing with Gurney Flap over 30% Span

Fig 8.4 CL v/s Angle of Attack for a Swept Back Wing with Gurney Flap over 30% Span
 The 0o Angle of Attack characteristics remain the same, with an increase in CL value
 The wing with Gurney Flap over 30% span, provides maximum CL with 5% MAC
Gurney Flap, although the 4% MAC Gurney Flap eventually converges with the 5%
Gurney Flap at higher angles of attack
 For the wing having Gurney Flaps over 50% span, the graphs display a linear behavior
 For higher angle of attacks, the slope reduces for 4% MAC Gurney Flaps over 50% span

SCOPE
 The forward swept wing is seen to provide higher stall angle and higher CL values as
compared to the swept back wing of similar aspect ratio, motivating further use and
research on the performance of forward swept wing
 Along with appropriate deployment mechanisms, the installation of Gurney Flaps can
provide improved flight performance at low to moderate angle of attacks (0o-5o)
 The installation of Gurney Flaps is recommended for civilian, military cargo and deep
penetration attack aircrafts and which require high efficiency during cruise phase
resulting in extended range
 Detailed CFD simulations and accurate wake survey shall provide drag variation and
open up avenues for installation of Gurney Flaps in combat aircrafts having a larger
operational flight envelope.

REFERNCES
1. Visualization of Flow Field about an airfoil with gurney Flaps, Y. TAKAKURA
2. Boundary Layer Theory, H.Schlchring, K Gersten
3. www.wkipedia.org
4. Aerodynamics for Engineering Students, Houghton & Carpenter
5. Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, John D Anderson
6. Pressure measurements on a forward-swept wing-canard configuration , G Lombardi

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A

(Subject Code: 10AE85)

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

For the academic year 2015-2016

KALLA SAI KUMAR 1MJ11AE020

Under the Guidance of

Department of Aeronautical Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

Prof. S C Gupta Principal

Name of Examiners: Signature with date

KALLA SAI KUMAR 1MJ11AE020 ____________________

KEVIN SAVIO SWAMY 1MJ11AE022 ____________________

NAFISH IMTIYAZ ABIR 1MJ11AE029 ____________________

PONNADA BHASKAR 1MJ11AE033 ____________________

KALLA SAI KUMAR

KEVIN SAVIO SWAMY

NAFISH IMTIYAZ ABIR

1.1. EMERGENCE OF GURNEY FLAPS 1

1.2. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 2

1.3. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 2

1.4. EXPECTED OUTCOME 2

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 4

CHAPTER 3: BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY 6

3.0. INTRODUCTION TO BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY 6

3.1 LIMITATIONS PUT BY THE BOUNDARY LAYER ON 8

CHAPTER 4: WING MODELLING 10

4.1 GENERATION OF MODEL IN CATIA V5 10

4.2 AIFORIL COORDINATES 11

4.3 CATIA MODE GENERATED 12

5.1 INTRODUCTION TO EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS 15

5.2 WING DETAILS 18

5.3 FABRICATION AND 20

CHAPTER 6: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 26

6.1 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 26

6.2 GENERATION OF LIFT USING PRESSURE PORT 26

6.3 EXPERIMENTAL DATA 29

6.4 MATLAB PROGRAM 85

6.5 CP V/S X/C GRAPHS 88

CHAPTER 7: TUFT FLOW VISUALIZATION RESULTS 145

CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION 150

1.1 DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH LIFT DEVICES

Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MVJCE, Bangalore Page 1

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

1.4 EXPECTED OUTCOME

Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MVJCE, Bangalore Page 2

2.1 M.A.CAVANAUGH, PAUL ROBERTSON & WILLIAM.H.MASON[1]

2.2 Y.TAKAKURA, T.LOBAYASHI &M.TAKAGI[2]

2.3 GIOVANNI LOMBARDI[3]

Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MVJCE, Bangalore Page 4

BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY

3. INTRODUCTION TO BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY

Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MVJCE, Bangalore Page 6

Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MVJCE, Bangalore Page 7

3.1 LIMITATIONS PUT BY THE BOUNDARY LAYER ON THE GURNEY FLAP

Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MVJCE, Bangalore Page 8

4.1. GENERATION OF MODELS IN CATIA V5

Fig 4.1: CATIA INTERFACE

CATIA(Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application) is one of the most

Designing the Wing

 Co-ordinates of the NACA 0009airfoil were taken from airfoiltools.com.

Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MVJCE, Bangalore Page 10

4.2. AIRFOIL CO-ORDINATES