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259. Chiaruggi

A. England D. The following people, humanitarians of the mentally ill, worked

B. France in the countries indicated: Chiaruggi, Italy; Philippe Pinel, France;
C. United states Daniel Tuke, England; Dorothea Dix, United States.
D. Italy
E. Spain
260. Pinel

A. England B. The following people, humanitarians of the mentally ill, worked

B. France in the countries indicated: Chiaruggi, Italy; Philippe Pinel, France;
C. United states Daniel Tuke, England; Dorothea Dix, United States.
D. Italy
E. Spain
261. Tuke

A. England A. The following people, humanitarians of the mentally ill, worked

B. France in the countries indicated: Chiaruggi, Italy; Philippe Pinel, France;
C. United states Daniel Tuke, England; Dorothea Dix, United States.
D. Italy
E. Spain
262. Dix

A. England C. The following people, humanitarians of the mentally ill, worked

B. France in the countries indicated: Chiaruggi, Italy; Philippe Pinel, France;
C. United states Daniel Tuke, England; Dorothea Dix, United States.
D. Italy
E. Spain
263. An early practitioner who used a method of treatment similar
C. Mesmer's success with animal magnetic fluids and touching of
to, and the forerunner of, hypnosis was
his patients was short-lived, but his technique was picked up by an
A. Jean Martin Charcot
English surgeon named James Braid (1795-1860), who provided
B. Liebault
a descriptive formulation of mesmerism and introduced the term
C. James Braid
hypnotism.
D. Anton Mesmer
264. The term "psychoanalysis" and many of its present-day
techniques
were originated by C. Sigmund Freud developed techniques of patient treatment, and
A. Charcot from his careful clinical observations he constructed a system of
B. Janet psychology to which he gave the name "psychoanalysis".
C. Freud
D. Breuer
265. The approach to psychiatry designated as "psychobiological"
is C. Adolf Meyer played a prominent role in the development of
credited to dynamic psychiatry in the US. He insisted that multiple biological,
A. Freud psychological, and social forces contribute to the growth and
B. Jung determination of personality. He called this approach "psychobi-
C. Meyer ological".
D. Adler
B. Sigmund Freud postulated 3 hypothetical psychic segments in
the structure of the personality called the id, ego, and superego.
The ego (or "reality principle" - testing self) is that part of the
personality that establishes a relationship with the world in which
266. Contains compromising, solution-forming aspects of the per- we all live. The ego concerns itself with such important functions
sonality as perception, because it can mediate between the inner and
outer world and attempt to adapt or compromise behavior to
A. Id maintain harmony between the urges of the id and the demands
of the superego. The superego is conceptualized as the observer
and evaluator of the ego function. It is derived particularly from
identification with parents and their substitutes (figures of author-
ity). These identifications are internalized and incorporated into
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the unconscious psychological structure of the child. Later in life
the injunctions and prohibitions of other authorities are absorbed
into the superego, which then acts as a censor or supervisor
of the ego and of inner unconscious tendencies and, therefore,
B. Ego as the repressing part of the personality. The id is a collective
C. Superego name for the primitive biological impulses. The psychologically
determined drives for air, food, water, and other needs of the
body and dependent longings, flight tendencies, and sexuality
are thought to be the attempt to seek immediate gratification or
pleasure (or the "pleasure principle" as it was called by Freud).
C. Sigmund Freud postulated 3 hypothetical psychic segments in
the structure of the personality called the id, ego, and superego.
The ego (or "reality principle" - testing self) is that part of the
personality that establishes a relationship with the world in which
we all live. The ego concerns itself with such important functions
as perception, because it can mediate between the inner and
outer world and attempt to adapt or compromise behavior to
maintain harmony between the urges of the id and the demands
of the superego. The superego is conceptualized as the observer
267. The "observing" portion of the personality
and evaluator of the ego function. It is derived particularly from
identification with parents and their substitutes (figures of author-
A. Id
ity). These identifications are internalized and incorporated into
B. Ego
the unconscious psychological structure of the child. Later in life
C. Superego
the injunctions and prohibitions of other authorities are absorbed
into the superego, which then acts as a censor or supervisor
of the ego and of inner unconscious tendencies and, therefore,
as the repressing part of the personality. The id is a collective
name for the primitive biological impulses. The psychologically
determined drives for air, food, water, and other needs of the
body and dependent longings, flight tendencies, and sexuality
are thought to be the attempt to seek immediate gratification or
pleasure (or the "pleasure principle" as it was called by Freud).
A. Sigmund Freud postulated 3 hypothetical psychic segments in
the structure of the personality called the id, ego, and superego.
The ego (or "reality principle" - testing self) is that part of the
personality that establishes a relationship with the world in which
we all live. The ego concerns itself with such important functions
as perception, because it can mediate between the inner and
outer world and attempt to adapt or compromise behavior to
maintain harmony between the urges of the id and the demands
of the superego. The superego is conceptualized as the observer
268. Operates on the "pleasure principle"
and evaluator of the ego function. It is derived particularly from
identification with parents and their substitutes (figures of author-
A. Id
ity). These identifications are internalized and incorporated into
B. Ego
the unconscious psychological structure of the child. Later in life
C. Superego
the injunctions and prohibitions of other authorities are absorbed
into the superego, which then acts as a censor or supervisor
of the ego and of inner unconscious tendencies and, therefore,
as the repressing part of the personality. The id is a collective
name for the primitive biological impulses. The psychologically
determined drives for air, food, water, and other needs of the
body and dependent longings, flight tendencies, and sexuality
are thought to be the attempt to seek immediate gratification or
pleasure (or the "pleasure principle" as it was called by Freud).
B. Sigmund Freud postulated 3 hypothetical psychic segments in
the structure of the personality called the id, ego, and superego.
The ego (or "reality principle" - testing self) is that part of the
personality that establishes a relationship with the world in which
we all live. The ego concerns itself with such important functions
as perception, because it can mediate between the inner and
outer world and attempt to adapt or compromise behavior to
maintain harmony between the urges of the id and the demands
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of the superego. The superego is conceptualized as the observer
and evaluator of the ego function. It is derived particularly from
identification with parents and their substitutes (figures of author-
ity). These identifications are internalized and incorporated into
269. Concerned with such functions as perception, memory and the unconscious psychological structure of the child. Later in life
synthesizing experience the injunctions and prohibitions of other authorities are absorbed
into the superego, which then acts as a censor or supervisor
A. Id of the ego and of inner unconscious tendencies and, therefore,
B. Ego as the repressing part of the personality. The id is a collective
C. Superego name for the primitive biological impulses. The psychologically
determined drives for air, food, water, and other needs of the
body and dependent longings, flight tendencies, and sexuality
are thought to be the attempt to seek immediate gratification or
pleasure (or the "pleasure principle" as it was called by Freud).
B. Sigmund Freud postulated 3 hypothetical psychic segments in
the structure of the personality called the id, ego, and superego.
The ego (or "reality principle" - testing self) is that part of the
personality that establishes a relationship with the world in which
we all live. The ego concerns itself with such important functions
as perception, because it can mediate between the inner and
outer world and attempt to adapt or compromise behavior to
maintain harmony between the urges of the id and the demands
of the superego. The superego is conceptualized as the observer
270. Attempts to adapt behavior to the environment
and evaluator of the ego function. It is derived particularly from
identification with parents and their substitutes (figures of author-
A. Id
ity). These identifications are internalized and incorporated into
B. Ego
the unconscious psychological structure of the child. Later in life
C. Superego
the injunctions and prohibitions of other authorities are absorbed
into the superego, which then acts as a censor or supervisor
of the ego and of inner unconscious tendencies and, therefore,
as the repressing part of the personality. The id is a collective
name for the primitive biological impulses. The psychologically
determined drives for air, food, water, and other needs of the
body and dependent longings, flight tendencies, and sexuality
are thought to be the attempt to seek immediate gratification or
pleasure (or the "pleasure principle" as it was called by Freud).
C. Sigmund Freud postulated 3 hypothetical psychic segments in
the structure of the personality called the id, ego, and superego.
The ego (or "reality principle" - testing self) is that part of the
personality that establishes a relationship with the world in which
we all live. The ego concerns itself with such important functions
as perception, because it can mediate between the inner and
outer world and attempt to adapt or compromise behavior to
maintain harmony between the urges of the id and the demands
of the superego. The superego is conceptualized as the observer
271. Acts as the repressing part of the personality
and evaluator of the ego function. It is derived particularly from
identification with parents and their substitutes (figures of author-
A. Id
ity). These identifications are internalized and incorporated into
B. Ego
the unconscious psychological structure of the child. Later in life
C. Superego
the injunctions and prohibitions of other authorities are absorbed
into the superego, which then acts as a censor or supervisor
of the ego and of inner unconscious tendencies and, therefore,
as the repressing part of the personality. The id is a collective
name for the primitive biological impulses. The psychologically
determined drives for air, food, water, and other needs of the
body and dependent longings, flight tendencies, and sexuality
are thought to be the attempt to seek immediate gratification or
pleasure (or the "pleasure principle" as it was called by Freud).
A. Sigmund Freud postulated 3 hypothetical psychic segments in
the structure of the personality called the id, ego, and superego.
The ego (or "reality principle" - testing self) is that part of the
personality that establishes a relationship with the world in which
3 / 21
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we all live. The ego concerns itself with such important functions
as perception, because it can mediate between the inner and
outer world and attempt to adapt or compromise behavior to
maintain harmony between the urges of the id and the demands
of the superego. The superego is conceptualized as the observer
and evaluator of the ego function. It is derived particularly from
identification with parents and their substitutes (figures of author-
272. Collective name for primitive biological impulses
ity). These identifications are internalized and incorporated into
the unconscious psychological structure of the child. Later in life
A. Id
the injunctions and prohibitions of other authorities are absorbed
B. Ego
into the superego, which then acts as a censor or supervisor
C. Superego
of the ego and of inner unconscious tendencies and, therefore,
as the repressing part of the personality. The id is a collective
name for the primitive biological impulses. The psychologically
determined drives for air, food, water, and other needs of the
body and dependent longings, flight tendencies, and sexuality
are thought to be the attempt to seek immediate gratification or
pleasure (or the "pleasure principle" as it was called by Freud).
B. Sigmund Freud postulated 3 hypothetical psychic segments in
the structure of the personality called the id, ego, and superego.
The ego (or "reality principle" - testing self) is that part of the
personality that establishes a relationship with the world in which
we all live. The ego concerns itself with such important functions
as perception, because it can mediate between the inner and
outer world and attempt to adapt or compromise behavior to
maintain harmony between the urges of the id and the demands
of the superego. The superego is conceptualized as the observer
273. Operates on "reality principle"
and evaluator of the ego function. It is derived particularly from
identification with parents and their substitutes (figures of author-
A. Id
ity). These identifications are internalized and incorporated into
B. Ego
the unconscious psychological structure of the child. Later in life
C. Superego
the injunctions and prohibitions of other authorities are absorbed
into the superego, which then acts as a censor or supervisor
of the ego and of inner unconscious tendencies and, therefore,
as the repressing part of the personality. The id is a collective
name for the primitive biological impulses. The psychologically
determined drives for air, food, water, and other needs of the
body and dependent longings, flight tendencies, and sexuality
are thought to be the attempt to seek immediate gratification or
pleasure (or the "pleasure principle" as it was called by Freud).
C. Sigmund Freud postulated 3 hypothetical psychic segments in
the structure of the personality called the id, ego, and superego.
The ego (or "reality principle" - testing self) is that part of the
personality that establishes a relationship with the world in which
we all live. The ego concerns itself with such important functions
as perception, because it can mediate between the inner and
outer world and attempt to adapt or compromise behavior to
maintain harmony between the urges of the id and the demands
274. Derived particularly from identification with parents and their of the superego. The superego is conceptualized as the observer
substitutes and evaluator of the ego function. It is derived particularly from
identification with parents and their substitutes (figures of author-
A. Id ity). These identifications are internalized and incorporated into
B. Ego the unconscious psychological structure of the child. Later in life
C. Superego the injunctions and prohibitions of other authorities are absorbed
into the superego, which then acts as a censor or supervisor
of the ego and of inner unconscious tendencies and, therefore,
as the repressing part of the personality. The id is a collective
name for the primitive biological impulses. The psychologically
determined drives for air, food, water, and other needs of the
body and dependent longings, flight tendencies, and sexuality
are thought to be the attempt to seek immediate gratification or
pleasure (or the "pleasure principle" as it was called by Freud).

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A. Sigmund Freud postulated 3 hypothetical psychic segments in
the structure of the personality called the id, ego, and superego.
The ego (or "reality principle" - testing self) is that part of the
personality that establishes a relationship with the world in which
we all live. The ego concerns itself with such important functions
as perception, because it can mediate between the inner and
outer world and attempt to adapt or compromise behavior to
maintain harmony between the urges of the id and the demands
of the superego. The superego is conceptualized as the observer
275. Demands immediate gratification of desires
and evaluator of the ego function. It is derived particularly from
identification with parents and their substitutes (figures of author-
A. Id
ity). These identifications are internalized and incorporated into
B. Ego
the unconscious psychological structure of the child. Later in life
C. Superego
the injunctions and prohibitions of other authorities are absorbed
into the superego, which then acts as a censor or supervisor
of the ego and of inner unconscious tendencies and, therefore,
as the repressing part of the personality. The id is a collective
name for the primitive biological impulses. The psychologically
determined drives for air, food, water, and other needs of the
body and dependent longings, flight tendencies, and sexuality
are thought to be the attempt to seek immediate gratification or
pleasure (or the "pleasure principle" as it was called by Freud).
276. First stage
A. Phallic
B. Adolescence C. In psychoanalytical terms, the stages of personality devel-
C. Oral opment were thought to occur in the following order: oral, anal,
D. Oral phallic, latency, adolescence, and adult
E. Adult
F. Anal
277. Second stage
A. Phallic
B. Adolescence F. In psychoanalytical terms, the stages of personality develop-
C. Oral ment were thought to occur in the following order: oral, anal,
D. Oral phallic, latency, adolescence, and adult
E. Adult
F. Anal
278. Third stage
A. Phallic
B. Adolescence A. In psychoanalytical terms, the stages of personality devel-
C. Oral opment were thought to occur in the following order: oral, anal,
D. Oral phallic, latency, adolescence, and adult
E. Adult
F. Anal
279. Fourth stage
A. Phallic
B. Adolescence D. In psychoanalytical terms, the stages of personality develop-
C. Oral ment were thought to occur in the following order: oral, anal,
D. Oral phallic, latency, adolescence, and adult
E. Adult
F. Anal
280. Fifth stage
A. Phallic
B. Adolescence B. In psychoanalytical terms, the stages of personality develop-
C. Oral ment were thought to occur in the following order: oral, anal,
D. Oral phallic, latency, adolescence, and adult
E. Adult
F. Anal
281. Sixth stage
A. Phallic
B. Adolescence

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C. Oral
E. In psychoanalytical terms, the stages of personality devel-
D. Oral
opment were thought to occur in the following order: oral, anal,
E. Adult
phallic, latency, adolescence, and adult
F. Anal
A. The phallic stage from about age 3 to about age 7 shows
a shift from the anal region to the phallic or genital region. In
this phase concern is expressed about the difference between
sexes and the presence or absence of the phallic organs. This
period seems to be resolved by mechanisms of identification
in which the boy identifies with the father and incorporates the
father's goals and standards into his own pattern of behavior.
In the adolescence stage from about age 12 to ages 20-22 the
adolescent is preoccupied with how he/she appears to others and
perceives himself/herself, called a "personal identity". One thing
that happens during this stage is that the adolescent must commit
himself/herself to a choice of intimacy with another and must
make, as well, an occupational choice or decision. The latency
stage of development, or later childhood, from about 7 to 12 years
282. Concern arises about differences between boys and girls, of age is so called because sexual curiosity is limited. In this period
especially in regard to sex organs a child's socialization is regulated to others outside the family.
A. Phallic In our Western culture these others include teachers and older
B. Adolescence and younger playmates. This period is also one of training in the
C. Oral customs and attitudes of society. The anal stage of growth and
D. Latency development from birth to 18 months, or longer in some children,
E. Adult is marked by the development of a primary bond between the
F. Anal child and the mother; it is a period of complete dependence of
the child on the mother. After birth the child slowly moves to
an "aggressive" phase for the first time because needs are not
met as comfortably as when "in the womb". This seems to be
demonstrated or interpreted by the biting of a nipple in feeding.
The adult stage is marked by independent pursuit of personal
goals with recognition of personal limitations and, further, a will-
ingness to seek advice from others when indicated. During the
anal stage motor development increases and the mother may
focus on the child's effort to control his eliminative activities. If the
efforts are made too soon and the child is punished for failure to
comply, a power struggle may ensue. If the pressure to conform
is not balanced, the child may evolve a pattern in later life of
dirtness, obstinacy, and unreliability from this stage of personality
development.
B. The phallic stage from about age 3 to about age 7 shows
a shift from the anal region to the phallic or genital region. In
this phase concern is expressed about the difference between
sexes and the presence or absence of the phallic organs. This
period seems to be resolved by mechanisms of identification
in which the boy identifies with the father and incorporates the
father's goals and standards into his own pattern of behavior.
283. The individual is preoccupied with how he or she appears to In the adolescence stage from about age 12 to ages 20-22 the
other; there is a search for personal identity adolescent is preoccupied with how he/she appears to others and
A. Phallic perceives himself/herself, called a "personal identity". One thing
B. Adolescence that happens during this stage is that the adolescent must commit
C. Oral himself/herself to a choice of intimacy with another and must
D. Latency make, as well, an occupational choice or decision. The latency
E. Adult stage of development, or later childhood, from about 7 to 12 years
F. Anal of age is so called because sexual curiosity is limited. In this period
a child's socialization is regulated to others outside the family.
In our Western culture these others include teachers and older
and younger playmates. This period is also one of training in the
customs and attitudes of society. The anal stage of growth and
development from birth to 18 months, or longer in some children,
is marked by the development of a primary bond between the
child and the mother; it is a period of complete dependence of

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the child on the mother. After birth the child slowly moves to
an "aggressive" phase for the first time because needs are not
met as comfortably as when "in the womb". This seems to be
demonstrated or interpreted by the biting of a nipple in feeding.
The adult stage is marked by independent pursuit of personal
goals with recognition of personal limitations and, further, a will-
ingness to seek advice from others when indicated. During the
anal stage motor development increases and the mother may
focus on the child's effort to control his eliminative activities. If the
efforts are made too soon and the child is punished for failure to
comply, a power struggle may ensue. If the pressure to conform
is not balanced, the child may evolve a pattern in later life of
dirtness, obstinacy, and unreliability from this stage of personality
development.
D. The phallic stage from about age 3 to about age 7 shows
a shift from the anal region to the phallic or genital region. In
this phase concern is expressed about the difference between
sexes and the presence or absence of the phallic organs. This
period seems to be resolved by mechanisms of identification
in which the boy identifies with the father and incorporates the
father's goals and standards into his own pattern of behavior.
In the adolescence stage from about age 12 to ages 20-22 the
adolescent is preoccupied with how he/she appears to others and
perceives himself/herself, called a "personal identity". One thing
that happens during this stage is that the adolescent must commit
himself/herself to a choice of intimacy with another and must
make, as well, an occupational choice or decision. The latency
stage of development, or later childhood, from about 7 to 12 years
284. Influence of authority figures outside the family provides
of age is so called because sexual curiosity is limited. In this period
opportunities for new identifications, as well as the interaction with
a child's socialization is regulated to others outside the family.
a larger peer group in school/play associations and activities
In our Western culture these others include teachers and older
A. Phallic
and younger playmates. This period is also one of training in the
B. Adolescence
customs and attitudes of society. The anal stage of growth and
C. Oral
development from birth to 18 months, or longer in some children,
D. Latency
is marked by the development of a primary bond between the
E. Adult
child and the mother; it is a period of complete dependence of
F. Anal
the child on the mother. After birth the child slowly moves to
an "aggressive" phase for the first time because needs are not
met as comfortably as when "in the womb". This seems to be
demonstrated or interpreted by the biting of a nipple in feeding.
The adult stage is marked by independent pursuit of personal
goals with recognition of personal limitations and, further, a will-
ingness to seek advice from others when indicated. During the
anal stage motor development increases and the mother may
focus on the child's effort to control his eliminative activities. If the
efforts are made too soon and the child is punished for failure to
comply, a power struggle may ensue. If the pressure to conform
is not balanced, the child may evolve a pattern in later life of
dirtness, obstinacy, and unreliability from this stage of personality
development.
B. The phallic stage from about age 3 to about age 7 shows
a shift from the anal region to the phallic or genital region. In
this phase concern is expressed about the difference between
sexes and the presence or absence of the phallic organs. This
period seems to be resolved by mechanisms of identification
in which the boy identifies with the father and incorporates the
father's goals and standards into his own pattern of behavior.
In the adolescence stage from about age 12 to ages 20-22 the
adolescent is preoccupied with how he/she appears to others and
perceives himself/herself, called a "personal identity". One thing
that happens during this stage is that the adolescent must commit
himself/herself to a choice of intimacy with another and must

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make, as well, an occupational choice or decision. The latency
stage of development, or later childhood, from about 7 to 12 years
of age is so called because sexual curiosity is limited. In this period
a child's socialization is regulated to others outside the family.
In our Western culture these others include teachers and older
and younger playmates. This period is also one of training in the
customs and attitudes of society. The anal stage of growth and
development from birth to 18 months, or longer in some children,
is marked by the development of a primary bond between the
285. Occupational choices or decisions are generally made
child and the mother; it is a period of complete dependence of
A. Phallic
the child on the mother. After birth the child slowly moves to
B. Adolescence
an "aggressive" phase for the first time because needs are not
C. Oral
met as comfortably as when "in the womb". This seems to be
D. Latency
demonstrated or interpreted by the biting of a nipple in feeding.
E. Adult
The adult stage is marked by independent pursuit of personal
F. Anal
goals with recognition of personal limitations and, further, a will-
ingness to seek advice from others when indicated. During the
anal stage motor development increases and the mother may
focus on the child's effort to control his eliminative activities. If the
efforts are made too soon and the child is punished for failure to
comply, a power struggle may ensue. If the pressure to conform
is not balanced, the child may evolve a pattern in later life of
dirtness, obstinacy, and unreliability from this stage of personality
development.
D. The phallic stage from about age 3 to about age 7 shows
a shift from the anal region to the phallic or genital region. In
this phase concern is expressed about the difference between
sexes and the presence or absence of the phallic organs. This
period seems to be resolved by mechanisms of identification
in which the boy identifies with the father and incorporates the
father's goals and standards into his own pattern of behavior.
In the adolescence stage from about age 12 to ages 20-22 the
adolescent is preoccupied with how he/she appears to others and
perceives himself/herself, called a "personal identity". One thing
that happens during this stage is that the adolescent must commit
himself/herself to a choice of intimacy with another and must
make, as well, an occupational choice or decision. The latency
stage of development, or later childhood, from about 7 to 12 years
286. This period is essentially one of training in the customs and
of age is so called because sexual curiosity is limited. In this period
attitudes
a child's socialization is regulated to others outside the family.
of society
In our Western culture these others include teachers and older
A. Phallic
and younger playmates. This period is also one of training in the
B. Adolescence
customs and attitudes of society. The anal stage of growth and
C. Oral
development from birth to 18 months, or longer in some children,
D. Latency
is marked by the development of a primary bond between the
E. Adult
child and the mother; it is a period of complete dependence of
F. Anal
the child on the mother. After birth the child slowly moves to
an "aggressive" phase for the first time because needs are not
met as comfortably as when "in the womb". This seems to be
demonstrated or interpreted by the biting of a nipple in feeding.
The adult stage is marked by independent pursuit of personal
goals with recognition of personal limitations and, further, a will-
ingness to seek advice from others when indicated. During the
anal stage motor development increases and the mother may
focus on the child's effort to control his eliminative activities. If the
efforts are made too soon and the child is punished for failure to
comply, a power struggle may ensue. If the pressure to conform
is not balanced, the child may evolve a pattern in later life of
dirtness, obstinacy, and unreliability from this stage of personality
development.
C. The phallic stage from about age 3 to about age 7 shows
a shift from the anal region to the phallic or genital region. In

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this phase concern is expressed about the difference between
sexes and the presence or absence of the phallic organs. This
period seems to be resolved by mechanisms of identification
in which the boy identifies with the father and incorporates the
father's goals and standards into his own pattern of behavior.
In the adolescence stage from about age 12 to ages 20-22 the
adolescent is preoccupied with how he/she appears to others and
perceives himself/herself, called a "personal identity". One thing
that happens during this stage is that the adolescent must commit
himself/herself to a choice of intimacy with another and must
make, as well, an occupational choice or decision. The latency
stage of development, or later childhood, from about 7 to 12 years
of age is so called because sexual curiosity is limited. In this period
a child's socialization is regulated to others outside the family.
287. Period of complete dependence
In our Western culture these others include teachers and older
A. Phallic
and younger playmates. This period is also one of training in the
B. Adolescence
customs and attitudes of society. The anal stage of growth and
C. Oral
development from birth to 18 months, or longer in some children,
D. Latency
is marked by the development of a primary bond between the
E. Adult
child and the mother; it is a period of complete dependence of
F. Anal
the child on the mother. After birth the child slowly moves to
an "aggressive" phase for the first time because needs are not
met as comfortably as when "in the womb". This seems to be
demonstrated or interpreted by the biting of a nipple in feeding.
The adult stage is marked by independent pursuit of personal
goals with recognition of personal limitations and, further, a will-
ingness to seek advice from others when indicated. During the
anal stage motor development increases and the mother may
focus on the child's effort to control his eliminative activities. If the
efforts are made too soon and the child is punished for failure to
comply, a power struggle may ensue. If the pressure to conform
is not balanced, the child may evolve a pattern in later life of
dirtness, obstinacy, and unreliability from this stage of personality
development.
E. The phallic stage from about age 3 to about age 7 shows
a shift from the anal region to the phallic or genital region. In
this phase concern is expressed about the difference between
sexes and the presence or absence of the phallic organs. This
period seems to be resolved by mechanisms of identification
in which the boy identifies with the father and incorporates the
father's goals and standards into his own pattern of behavior.
In the adolescence stage from about age 12 to ages 20-22 the
adolescent is preoccupied with how he/she appears to others and
perceives himself/herself, called a "personal identity". One thing
288. The individual independently pursues her or his own goals;
that happens during this stage is that the adolescent must commit
with
himself/herself to a choice of intimacy with another and must
recognition of limitations and with willingness to seek advice from
make, as well, an occupational choice or decision. The latency
others when indicated
stage of development, or later childhood, from about 7 to 12 years
A. Phallic
of age is so called because sexual curiosity is limited. In this period
B. Adolescence
a child's socialization is regulated to others outside the family.
C. Oral
In our Western culture these others include teachers and older
D. Latency
and younger playmates. This period is also one of training in the
E. Adult
customs and attitudes of society. The anal stage of growth and
F. Anal
development from birth to 18 months, or longer in some children,
is marked by the development of a primary bond between the
child and the mother; it is a period of complete dependence of
the child on the mother. After birth the child slowly moves to
an "aggressive" phase for the first time because needs are not
met as comfortably as when "in the womb". This seems to be
demonstrated or interpreted by the biting of a nipple in feeding.
The adult stage is marked by independent pursuit of personal
goals with recognition of personal limitations and, further, a will-
ingness to seek advice from others when indicated. During the
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anal stage motor development increases and the mother may
focus on the child's effort to control his eliminative activities. If the
efforts are made too soon and the child is punished for failure to
comply, a power struggle may ensue. If the pressure to conform
is not balanced, the child may evolve a pattern in later life of
dirtness, obstinacy, and unreliability from this stage of personality
development.
C. The phallic stage from about age 3 to about age 7 shows
a shift from the anal region to the phallic or genital region. In
this phase concern is expressed about the difference between
sexes and the presence or absence of the phallic organs. This
period seems to be resolved by mechanisms of identification
in which the boy identifies with the father and incorporates the
father's goals and standards into his own pattern of behavior.
In the adolescence stage from about age 12 to ages 20-22 the
adolescent is preoccupied with how he/she appears to others and
perceives himself/herself, called a "personal identity". One thing
that happens during this stage is that the adolescent must commit
himself/herself to a choice of intimacy with another and must
make, as well, an occupational choice or decision. The latency
stage of development, or later childhood, from about 7 to 12 years
289. Aggressive drives may appear as shown in the pleasure of
of age is so called because sexual curiosity is limited. In this period
biting
a child's socialization is regulated to others outside the family.
(appears in the last half of the stage)
In our Western culture these others include teachers and older
A. Phallic
and younger playmates. This period is also one of training in the
B. Adolescence
customs and attitudes of society. The anal stage of growth and
C. Oral
development from birth to 18 months, or longer in some children,
D. Latency
is marked by the development of a primary bond between the
E. Adult
child and the mother; it is a period of complete dependence of
F. Anal
the child on the mother. After birth the child slowly moves to
an "aggressive" phase for the first time because needs are not
met as comfortably as when "in the womb". This seems to be
demonstrated or interpreted by the biting of a nipple in feeding.
The adult stage is marked by independent pursuit of personal
goals with recognition of personal limitations and, further, a will-
ingness to seek advice from others when indicated. During the
anal stage motor development increases and the mother may
focus on the child's effort to control his eliminative activities. If the
efforts are made too soon and the child is punished for failure to
comply, a power struggle may ensue. If the pressure to conform
is not balanced, the child may evolve a pattern in later life of
dirtness, obstinacy, and unreliability from this stage of personality
development.
C. The phallic stage from about age 3 to about age 7 shows
a shift from the anal region to the phallic or genital region. In
this phase concern is expressed about the difference between
sexes and the presence or absence of the phallic organs. This
period seems to be resolved by mechanisms of identification
in which the boy identifies with the father and incorporates the
father's goals and standards into his own pattern of behavior.
290. Primary bond is between the child and the mothering figure In the adolescence stage from about age 12 to ages 20-22 the
A. Phallic adolescent is preoccupied with how he/she appears to others and
B. Adolescence perceives himself/herself, called a "personal identity". One thing
C. Oral that happens during this stage is that the adolescent must commit
D. Latency himself/herself to a choice of intimacy with another and must
make, as well, an occupational choice or decision. The latency
stage of development, or later childhood, from about 7 to 12 years
of age is so called because sexual curiosity is limited. In this period
a child's socialization is regulated to others outside the family.
In our Western culture these others include teachers and older
and younger playmates. This period is also one of training in the
customs and attitudes of society. The anal stage of growth and

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development from birth to 18 months, or longer in some children,
is marked by the development of a primary bond between the
child and the mother; it is a period of complete dependence of
the child on the mother. After birth the child slowly moves to
an "aggressive" phase for the first time because needs are not
met as comfortably as when "in the womb". This seems to be
demonstrated or interpreted by the biting of a nipple in feeding.
The adult stage is marked by independent pursuit of personal
E. Adult
goals with recognition of personal limitations and, further, a will-
F. Anal
ingness to seek advice from others when indicated. During the
anal stage motor development increases and the mother may
focus on the child's effort to control his eliminative activities. If the
efforts are made too soon and the child is punished for failure to
comply, a power struggle may ensue. If the pressure to conform
is not balanced, the child may evolve a pattern in later life of
dirtness, obstinacy, and unreliability from this stage of personality
development.
F. The phallic stage from about age 3 to about age 7 shows
a shift from the anal region to the phallic or genital region. In
this phase concern is expressed about the difference between
sexes and the presence or absence of the phallic organs. This
period seems to be resolved by mechanisms of identification
in which the boy identifies with the father and incorporates the
father's goals and standards into his own pattern of behavior.
In the adolescence stage from about age 12 to ages 20-22 the
adolescent is preoccupied with how he/she appears to others and
perceives himself/herself, called a "personal identity". One thing
that happens during this stage is that the adolescent must commit
himself/herself to a choice of intimacy with another and must
make, as well, an occupational choice or decision. The latency
stage of development, or later childhood, from about 7 to 12 years
of age is so called because sexual curiosity is limited. In this period
291. Power struggle between child and parent begins
a child's socialization is regulated to others outside the family.
A. Phallic
In our Western culture these others include teachers and older
B. Adolescence
and younger playmates. This period is also one of training in the
C. Oral
customs and attitudes of society. The anal stage of growth and
D. Latency
development from birth to 18 months, or longer in some children,
E. Adult
is marked by the development of a primary bond between the
F. Anal
child and the mother; it is a period of complete dependence of
the child on the mother. After birth the child slowly moves to
an "aggressive" phase for the first time because needs are not
met as comfortably as when "in the womb". This seems to be
demonstrated or interpreted by the biting of a nipple in feeding.
The adult stage is marked by independent pursuit of personal
goals with recognition of personal limitations and, further, a will-
ingness to seek advice from others when indicated. During the
anal stage motor development increases and the mother may
focus on the child's effort to control his eliminative activities. If the
efforts are made too soon and the child is punished for failure to
comply, a power struggle may ensue. If the pressure to conform
is not balanced, the child may evolve a pattern in later life of
dirtness, obstinacy, and unreliability from this stage of personality
development.
F. The phallic stage from about age 3 to about age 7 shows
a shift from the anal region to the phallic or genital region. In
this phase concern is expressed about the difference between
sexes and the presence or absence of the phallic organs. This
period seems to be resolved by mechanisms of identification
in which the boy identifies with the father and incorporates the
father's goals and standards into his own pattern of behavior.
In the adolescence stage from about age 12 to ages 20-22 the
adolescent is preoccupied with how he/she appears to others and

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perceives himself/herself, called a "personal identity". One thing
that happens during this stage is that the adolescent must commit
himself/herself to a choice of intimacy with another and must
make, as well, an occupational choice or decision. The latency
stage of development, or later childhood, from about 7 to 12 years
of age is so called because sexual curiosity is limited. In this period
a child's socialization is regulated to others outside the family.
In our Western culture these others include teachers and older
and younger playmates. This period is also one of training in the
customs and attitudes of society. The anal stage of growth and
292. Adult characteristics of dirtiness, obstinacy and unreliability
development from birth to 18 months, or longer in some children,
derive from this stage
is marked by the development of a primary bond between the
A. Phallic
child and the mother; it is a period of complete dependence of
B. Adolescence
the child on the mother. After birth the child slowly moves to
C. Oral
an "aggressive" phase for the first time because needs are not
D. Latency
met as comfortably as when "in the womb". This seems to be
E. Adult
demonstrated or interpreted by the biting of a nipple in feeding.
F. Anal
The adult stage is marked by independent pursuit of personal
goals with recognition of personal limitations and, further, a will-
ingness to seek advice from others when indicated. During the
anal stage motor development increases and the mother may
focus on the child's effort to control his eliminative activities. If the
efforts are made too soon and the child is punished for failure to
comply, a power struggle may ensue. If the pressure to conform
is not balanced, the child may evolve a pattern in later life of
dirtness, obstinacy, and unreliability from this stage of personality
development.
293. A false belief, not shared by others of similar background,
that B. A delusion is usually defined as a false belief. But a false belief
cannot be corrected by reason or logic because it forms in re- must be one that a person of similar education and experience
sponse to definite purposes and needs of the personality is called would consider improbable or impossible and one that is not cor-
A. An illusion rected in response to reason or logic. A delusion must also meet
B. A delusion the definite purposes and needs of the personality experiencing
C. A hallucination one.
D. Disorientation
294. Disturbance in the flow of thought where both thought and
speech suddenly cease is known as
C. Blocking is a disorder sometimes known as thought deprivation
A. Incoherence
or thought obstruction and is often caused by some strong affect,
B. Confusion
such as anger or terror.
C. Blocking
D. Aphasia
295. Contradictory feelings and attitude exist toward the same
object: one of the two components remains repressed but may
C. In ambivalence, contradictory feelings and attitudes may exist
give rise to anxiety and feelings of guilt. This describes
toward the same object. Although only one feeling may be visible,
A. Inadequate effect
the other is nevertheless present. The one that is repressed may
B. Depersonalization
give rise to anxiety and feeling of guilt
C. Ambivalence
D. Depression
296. Delusions of grandeur are an example of a disturbance of
A. Delusions of grandeur or expansive delusions arise from feel-
A. Thought
ings of inadequacy, insecurity, or inferiority. By using delusions of
B. Consciousness
grandeur a person escapes from these feelings and, in his/her
C. Perception
thoughts, achieves distinction and security.
D. Orientation
297. Amnesia is a disturbance of D. Amnesia may be produced by either organic or psychogenic
A. Thought factors. Organic disorder is caused by chemical alterations, trau-
B. Consciousness ma, or degenerative changes. In psychogenic amnesia, recall
C. Perception (for psychological reasons) is inhibited; that is, forgetting is not a
D. Memory passive loss of memory.
298. Persistent and constant repetition of certain activities, which D. In certain mental diseases, especially in compulsive reactions
may be of position or body movement, is known as and schizophrenia, it may be found that when an activity has been

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A. Negativism initiated, there is a tendency to repeat it in the same manner
B. Dysactivity for an indefinite period. This persistent and constant repetition of
C. Command automatism certain activities is known as stereotypy and may be of position,
D. Stereotypy movement of the body, or speech.
299. A perceptual misinterpretation is known as
C. A perceptual misinterpretation is known as an illusion. Elements
A. A delusion
that are particularly likely to lead to misinterpretation of images
B. A hallucination
are intense affective states, ardent wishes, urgent drives and
C. An illusion
impulses, and repressed elements.
D. A perseveration
300. Vivid recollection of minor details of a specific period of time
or specific events is called C. Hypermnesia is occasionally seen in mild manic states, para-
A. Organic amnesia noia, and catatonia. Impressions arising from emotionally colored
B. Psychogenic amnesia events are registered with more than the usual intensity, with the
C. Hypermnesia result that the patient has a vivid recollection of details.
D. Paramnesia
301. An illusion of memory, such as having previously lived
through a current experience, is D. Déjà vu is a feeling of familiarity with or prior observation of
A. Paramnesia something that has not been previously lived through. It may arise
B. Hypermnesia when the present situation has an associative link with some past
C. Jamais vu experience or occurrence for which the patient is amnesic.
D. Déjà vu
302. A person is akinetic and mute, but consciousness is relatively
preserved, the eyes move and respiration occurs. The person is
thought to be B. Stupor is defined as existing when a person is akinetic and
A. Intoxicated mute, but consciousness is relatively preserved, the eyes move,
B. In a stupor and respiration occurs.
C. In a dream state
D. In a state of amnesia
303. Delirium is an example of a disturbance of C. Although it involves much more than a disturbance of con-
A. Sleep sciousness, delirium is usually associated with infections, toxic
B. Affect states, metabolic disturbances, cardiac decompensation, or head
C. Consciousness trauma that impairs cerebral functioning and causes cerebral
D. Memory insufficiency
304. During the psychiatric interview. Questions about the ability
to compare facts or ideas are used to determine the persons B. By judgement is meant the ability to compare facts or ideas
A. Thought content to understand their relationships and to draw correct conclusions
B. Judgment from them. Such questions and their answers assist in determining
C. Memory a person's judgment.
D. Insight
305. Euphoria is a example of a disturbance of
C. A moderately pleasurable affect is known as euphoria. The
A. Thought
euphoric patient is of an optimistic mental "set" and is confident
B. Judgment
and assured in attitude. Euphoria is often noted in hypomanic
C. Affect
states and certain organic disorders.
D. Perception
306. During the psychiatric examination, evidence of confabula-
tion is noted as a disturbance of
D. In a patient who shows impaired memory for recent events, the
A. Judgment
tendency to fill in these gaps of memory is called pseudoreminis-
B. Behavior
cence or confabulation.
C. Insight
D. Memory
307. Thoughts that persistently remain in consciousness against
the conscious desire of the individual and that cannot be dispelled A. Thoughts that persistently thrust themselves into conscious-
or ness against the conscious desires are known as obsessions.
influenced by logic or reason are These thoughts may be strongly charged with emotions of guilt
A. Obsessions and are unwanted. As a defensive device, a guilty feeling of
B. Compulsions anxiety may be displaced by an innocuous idea, and the anxiety
C. Delusions thereby decreases.
D. Phobias

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308. The firm belief by the patient that he or she has no brain, feels
C. Appearing at times with depressive delusions are nihilistic ideas
nothing or is dead is included under the type of delusion called
when the patient believes that he/she has no brain and no feelings
A. Persecution
or that he/she is dead. Such ideas probably have their origin in
B. Grandeur
vague feelings of emotional change and a subjective feeling of
C. Nihilistic
unreality or of changed personality.
D. Denial
309. Unrealistic fears that persistently thrust their way into con- D. Like an obsession, a phobia thrusts itself persistently into
sciousness and are accompanied by acute anxiety are consciousness. Morbid anxiety always accompanies a phobia, in
A. Obsessions contrast to the guilt or depression of the obsessed. The patient's
B. Compulsions anxiety becomes detached from a specific idea, object, or situ-
C. Delusions ation and is displaced to some situation in the form of a specific
D. Phobias neurotic fear.
310. Delusions that give individual feelings of perfection of special
B. Delusions of grandeur give the patient a feeling of escape from
distinction are termed
the troubles of reality that are too great a threat to emotional
A. Persecutory
security. If the distress is guilt, he/she can secure perfection. If
B. Grandiose
the patient has feelings of intolerable inferiority, he/she can have
C. Self-accusatory
a feeling of distinction.
D. Impoverishment
311. Korsakoffs psychosis is caused by B. Korsakoff's psychosis is one condition that results from vita-
A. Vitamin B deficiency min B deficiency, a deficiency to which the chronic alcoholic is
B. The toxic effects of alcohol especially prone because of impaired gastrointestinal absorption,
C. Hereditary factors a diet largely limited to vitamin-free alcohol, and an increased
D. An endocrine imbalance vitamin requirement from the high caloric effect of alcohol.
312. Delirium tremens results from
B. The nature of the factors that operate in the production of
A. Drinking over a period of many years
delirium tremens is uncertain; however, it is generally thought to
B. Sudden deprivation of alcohol in an excessive drinker
be a withdrawal syndrome precipitated by sudden deprivation of
C. An unusually severe or prolonged debauch
alcohol in the chronic alcoholic
D. Malnutrition caused by drinking instead of eating
A. A grand mal seizure is the most dramatic of the epileptic
manifestations. Symptoms include the loss of consciousness,
preceded by an aura in about half of the patients. After the loss of
consciousness is the tonic phase of the seizure, which is followed
313. Loss of consciousness is sudden and complete by a clonic phase. Psychomotor seizures are characterized by
many symptoms, one of which is epilepsia cursiva or "running
A. Grand mal fit". Sometimes the seizure may assume the form of a fatigue.
B. Petit mal It is believed that the focus of electroencephalographic activity
C. Psychomotor is the anterior part of the temporal lobe. There is an increased
tendency to use the term temporal lobe epilepsy as a synonym
for psychomotor epilepsy. The petit mal is the most frequent of
the minor forms of seizure and is characterized by an transient
interruption of the stream of consciousness lasting 5 to 30 sec.
C. A grand mal seizure is the most dramatic of the epileptic
manifestations. Symptoms include the loss of consciousness,
preceded by an aura in about half of the patients. After the loss of
consciousness is the tonic phase of the seizure, which is followed
314. Episodic alteration of awareness associated with running by a clonic phase. Psychomotor seizures are characterized by
many symptoms, one of which is epilepsia cursiva or "running
A. Grand mal fit". Sometimes the seizure may assume the form of a fatigue.
B. Petit mal It is believed that the focus of electroencephalographic activity
C. Psychomotor is the anterior part of the temporal lobe. There is an increased
tendency to use the term temporal lobe epilepsy as a synonym
for psychomotor epilepsy. The petit mal is the most frequent of
the minor forms of seizure and is characterized by an transient
interruption of the stream of consciousness lasting 5 to 30 sec.
C. A grand mal seizure is the most dramatic of the epileptic
manifestations. Symptoms include the loss of consciousness,
315. Electroencephalogram shows the focus at the anterior pole preceded by an aura in about half of the patients. After the loss of
of the temporal lobe consciousness is the tonic phase of the seizure, which is followed
by a clonic phase. Psychomotor seizures are characterized by
many symptoms, one of which is epilepsia cursiva or "running
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fit". Sometimes the seizure may assume the form of a fatigue.
It is believed that the focus of electroencephalographic activity
is the anterior part of the temporal lobe. There is an increased
A. Grand mal
tendency to use the term temporal lobe epilepsy as a synonym
B. Petit mal
for psychomotor epilepsy. The petit mal is the most frequent of
C. Psychomotor
the minor forms of seizure and is characterized by an transient
interruption of the stream of consciousness lasting 5 to 30 sec.
A. A grand mal seizure is the most dramatic of the epileptic
manifestations. Symptoms include the loss of consciousness,
preceded by an aura in about half of the patients. After the loss of
consciousness is the tonic phase of the seizure, which is followed
316. Seizures include tonic and clonic phases by a clonic phase. Psychomotor seizures are characterized by
many symptoms, one of which is epilepsia cursiva or "running
A. Grand mal fit". Sometimes the seizure may assume the form of a fatigue.
B. Petit mal It is believed that the focus of electroencephalographic activity
C. Psychomotor is the anterior part of the temporal lobe. There is an increased
tendency to use the term temporal lobe epilepsy as a synonym
for psychomotor epilepsy. The petit mal is the most frequent of
the minor forms of seizure and is characterized by an transient
interruption of the stream of consciousness lasting 5 to 30 sec.
B. A grand mal seizure is the most dramatic of the epileptic
manifestations. Symptoms include the loss of consciousness,
preceded by an aura in about half of the patients. After the loss of
consciousness is the tonic phase of the seizure, which is followed
317. Individual has a transient interruption of the stream of con-
by a clonic phase. Psychomotor seizures are characterized by
sciousness
many symptoms, one of which is epilepsia cursiva or "running
fit". Sometimes the seizure may assume the form of a fatigue.
A. Grand mal
It is believed that the focus of electroencephalographic activity
B. Petit mal
is the anterior part of the temporal lobe. There is an increased
C. Psychomotor
tendency to use the term temporal lobe epilepsy as a synonym
for psychomotor epilepsy. The petit mal is the most frequent of
the minor forms of seizure and is characterized by an transient
interruption of the stream of consciousness lasting 5 to 30 sec.
A. A grand mal seizure is the most dramatic of the epileptic
manifestations. Symptoms include the loss of consciousness,
preceded by an aura in about half of the patients. After the loss of
consciousness is the tonic phase of the seizure, which is followed
318. Seizures tend to be accompanied by an increase in the
by a clonic phase. Psychomotor seizures are characterized by
speed and voltage of brain waves
many symptoms, one of which is epilepsia cursiva or "running
fit". Sometimes the seizure may assume the form of a fatigue.
A. Grand mal
It is believed that the focus of electroencephalographic activity
B. Petit mal
is the anterior part of the temporal lobe. There is an increased
C. Psychomotor
tendency to use the term temporal lobe epilepsy as a synonym
for psychomotor epilepsy. The petit mal is the most frequent of
the minor forms of seizure and is characterized by an transient
interruption of the stream of consciousness lasting 5 to 30 sec.
C. A grand mal seizure is the most dramatic of the epileptic
manifestations. Symptoms include the loss of consciousness,
preceded by an aura in about half of the patients. After the loss of
consciousness is the tonic phase of the seizure, which is followed
319. The seizure may assume the form of a fugue by a clonic phase. Psychomotor seizures are characterized by
many symptoms, one of which is epilepsia cursiva or "running
A. Grand mal fit". Sometimes the seizure may assume the form of a fatigue.
B. Petit mal It is believed that the focus of electroencephalographic activity
C. Psychomotor is the anterior part of the temporal lobe. There is an increased
tendency to use the term temporal lobe epilepsy as a synonym
for psychomotor epilepsy. The petit mal is the most frequent of
the minor forms of seizure and is characterized by an transient
interruption of the stream of consciousness lasting 5 to 30 sec.
A. A grand mal seizure is the most dramatic of the epileptic
manifestations. Symptoms include the loss of consciousness,
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preceded by an aura in about half of the patients. After the loss of
consciousness is the tonic phase of the seizure, which is followed
by a clonic phase. Psychomotor seizures are characterized by
320. An aura is sometimes experienced many symptoms, one of which is epilepsia cursiva or "running
fit". Sometimes the seizure may assume the form of a fatigue.
A. Grand mal It is believed that the focus of electroencephalographic activity
B. Petit mal is the anterior part of the temporal lobe. There is an increased
C. Psychomotor tendency to use the term temporal lobe epilepsy as a synonym
for psychomotor epilepsy. The petit mal is the most frequent of
the minor forms of seizure and is characterized by an transient
interruption of the stream of consciousness lasting 5 to 30 sec.
321. A condition usually termed a variant of epilepsy and charac-
terized by a sudden irresistible desire to sleep is called B. Narcolepsy is described as a sudden irresistible desire to sleep.
A. A cataplexy A patient, regardless of the situation in which she/he may be
B. Narcolepsy placed or of the activity in which she/he is engaged, may fall fast
C. Catalepsy asleep.
D. Epileptic personality
322. Juvenile paresis is a brain syndrome associated with
B. Juvenile paresis occurs in children or adolescents and is
A. Cerebrovascular disturbance
caused by congenital syphilis. It is transmitted from the mother
B. Infection
to the offspring by the transplacental route after the fifth month of
C. Endocrine and metabolic disturbance
pregnancy.
D. Epilepsy
C. Interactions between emotional and metabolic processes may
323. Cushings syndrome is a brain syndrome associated with
produce endocrine disturbances, and these, in turn, may affect
A. A drug or poison intoxication
cerebral functions and mental reactions. One of these is Cushing's
B. Intracranial neoplasm,
syndrome; however, Cushing's syndrome is now regarded as the
C. Endocrine/metabolic disturbance
result of adrenocortical hyperfunction with either neoplastic or
D. Infection
hyperplastic expression in the adrenal gland.
324. In early onset of a manic phase or in mild hypomanic cases,
diagnosis of illness is most often based on
C. A personality makeup involving episodes of a manic or hypo-
A. Cheerful, optimistic outlook
manic type often has, among other things, a simple depression
B. Poor judgment (e.g., excessive spending)
following a manic phase and boundless energy.
C. Abundant energy, mild excitement
D. Talkativeness
325. A mental disorder that includes paranoid delusions and in
which the symptoms exist in two intimately associated persons
(one with a primary illness and the other with an induced psy-
C. Clinical features of a "folie a deux" occur when one of 2 per-
chosis of a submissive and suggestible type) is called
sons intimately associated with each other is suffering a paranoid
A. Paranoia
delusion and this is communicated to and accepted by the other.
B. Schizophrenia, paranoid type
C. Folie a deux
D. Involutional paranoid reaction
326. The case of neuroses is
A. Anxiety
C. Most major neurotic patterns are basically dependent on con-
B. Fear
flicting feelings and attitudes that arise in childhood.
C. Conflict
D. Depression
327. Disorders of orientation may occur in any mental disorder. A. The process by which one apprehends his/her environment
Disturbances of orientation are generally significant of and locates himself/herself in relation to it with respect to time,
A. Acute cerebral insufficiency space, and circumstances is known as orientation. If one does not
B. Temporary inhibitions caused by preoccupation recognize and locate himself/herself in these respects, he/she is
C. Forgetting experiences as a result of psychological conflict said to be disoriented. Disturbances of orientation constitute the
D. Conscious repression of ones time and place significant symptomatology of acute cerebral insufficiency.
328. Phenylketonuria is a condition associated with mental defi-
ciency B. Phenylketonuria is the most frequently encountered and most
caused by thoroughly understood of the specific disorders of protein metab-
A. Trauma olism associated with mental deficiency.
B. A metabolic disorder

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C. A chromosomal aberration
D. Psychosocial deprivation
C. What is perhaps regarded as the most significant concept in
psychoanalytical therapy, and perhaps the most important discov-
ery of Freud, is the emotional reaction of the patient toward the
analyst, known as transference. The dream is regarded as a phe-
nomenon directly connected with psychic life. It represents a prod-
uct of the person's thinking but serves as a convenient disguise
for the person's unacceptable rejected emotions. In analysing the
dream, the analyst finds symbolic expressions of the patient's
329. The emotional reaction of the patient toward the analyst inner tensions and clues to repressed thoughts, feelings, and
experiences. A phenomenon that accounts for many mistakes and
A. Free association failures of psychotherapy is that known as countertransference,
B. Resistance transfer of the attitudes of the therapist to the patient. These atti-
C. transference tudes can interfere with the therapeutic effectiveness of treatment
D. Countertransference but can be put to good use diagnostically and therapeutically.
E. Interpretation When the person is faced with emotional constellations with which
F. Dream analysis he/she could not deal in the past that are repressed and forgotten
and are about to be brought to light, opposition to their com-
plete awareness appears. This opposition is known technically
as resistance. Uncensored, uninhibited verbalization of everything
and anything that comes to mind is a technique used in psycho-
analysis and called "free association". Another technique used
in psychoanalysis is called "interpretation", wherein the therapist
helps the person to understand the meaning of his/her mental
phenomenon and his/her behavior.
F. What is perhaps regarded as the most significant concept in
psychoanalytical therapy, and perhaps the most important discov-
ery of Freud, is the emotional reaction of the patient toward the
analyst, known as transference. The dream is regarded as a phe-
nomenon directly connected with psychic life. It represents a prod-
uct of the person's thinking but serves as a convenient disguise
for the person's unacceptable rejected emotions. In analysing the
dream, the analyst finds symbolic expressions of the patient's
330. The patient's inner tensions are expressed symbolically and
inner tensions and clues to repressed thoughts, feelings, and
disguised
experiences. A phenomenon that accounts for many mistakes and
failures of psychotherapy is that known as countertransference,
A. Free association
transfer of the attitudes of the therapist to the patient. These atti-
B. Resistance
tudes can interfere with the therapeutic effectiveness of treatment
C. transference
but can be put to good use diagnostically and therapeutically.
D. Countertransference
When the person is faced with emotional constellations with which
E. Interpretation
he/she could not deal in the past that are repressed and forgotten
F. Dream analysis
and are about to be brought to light, opposition to their com-
plete awareness appears. This opposition is known technically
as resistance. Uncensored, uninhibited verbalization of everything
and anything that comes to mind is a technique used in psycho-
analysis and called "free association". Another technique used
in psychoanalysis is called "interpretation", wherein the therapist
helps the person to understand the meaning of his/her mental
phenomenon and his/her behavior.
D. What is perhaps regarded as the most significant concept in
psychoanalytical therapy, and perhaps the most important discov-
ery of Freud, is the emotional reaction of the patient toward the
analyst, known as transference. The dream is regarded as a phe-
331. The attitudes of the analyst toward the patient nomenon directly connected with psychic life. It represents a prod-
uct of the person's thinking but serves as a convenient disguise
A. Free association for the person's unacceptable rejected emotions. In analysing the
B. Resistance dream, the analyst finds symbolic expressions of the patient's
inner tensions and clues to repressed thoughts, feelings, and
experiences. A phenomenon that accounts for many mistakes and
failures of psychotherapy is that known as countertransference,
transfer of the attitudes of the therapist to the patient. These atti-
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tudes can interfere with the therapeutic effectiveness of treatment
but can be put to good use diagnostically and therapeutically.
When the person is faced with emotional constellations with which
he/she could not deal in the past that are repressed and forgotten
C. transference and are about to be brought to light, opposition to their com-
D. Countertransference plete awareness appears. This opposition is known technically
E. Interpretation as resistance. Uncensored, uninhibited verbalization of everything
F. Dream analysis and anything that comes to mind is a technique used in psycho-
analysis and called "free association". Another technique used
in psychoanalysis is called "interpretation", wherein the therapist
helps the person to understand the meaning of his/her mental
phenomenon and his/her behavior.
B. What is perhaps regarded as the most significant concept in
psychoanalytical therapy, and perhaps the most important discov-
ery of Freud, is the emotional reaction of the patient toward the
analyst, known as transference. The dream is regarded as a phe-
nomenon directly connected with psychic life. It represents a prod-
uct of the person's thinking but serves as a convenient disguise
for the person's unacceptable rejected emotions. In analysing the
dream, the analyst finds symbolic expressions of the patient's
332. An unconscious effort to evade inner tensions and clues to repressed thoughts, feelings, and
experiences. A phenomenon that accounts for many mistakes and
A. Free association failures of psychotherapy is that known as countertransference,
B. Resistance transfer of the attitudes of the therapist to the patient. These atti-
C. transference tudes can interfere with the therapeutic effectiveness of treatment
D. Countertransference but can be put to good use diagnostically and therapeutically.
E. Interpretation When the person is faced with emotional constellations with which
F. Dream analysis he/she could not deal in the past that are repressed and forgotten
and are about to be brought to light, opposition to their com-
plete awareness appears. This opposition is known technically
as resistance. Uncensored, uninhibited verbalization of everything
and anything that comes to mind is a technique used in psycho-
analysis and called "free association". Another technique used
in psychoanalysis is called "interpretation", wherein the therapist
helps the person to understand the meaning of his/her mental
phenomenon and his/her behavior.
A. What is perhaps regarded as the most significant concept in
psychoanalytical therapy, and perhaps the most important discov-
ery of Freud, is the emotional reaction of the patient toward the
analyst, known as transference. The dream is regarded as a phe-
nomenon directly connected with psychic life. It represents a prod-
uct of the person's thinking but serves as a convenient disguise
for the person's unacceptable rejected emotions. In analysing the
dream, the analyst finds symbolic expressions of the patient's
333. An uninhibited verbalization of everything and anything that
inner tensions and clues to repressed thoughts, feelings, and
comes to mind
experiences. A phenomenon that accounts for many mistakes and
failures of psychotherapy is that known as countertransference,
A. Free association
transfer of the attitudes of the therapist to the patient. These atti-
B. Resistance
tudes can interfere with the therapeutic effectiveness of treatment
C. transference
but can be put to good use diagnostically and therapeutically.
D. Countertransference
When the person is faced with emotional constellations with which
E. Interpretation
he/she could not deal in the past that are repressed and forgotten
F. Dream analysis
and are about to be brought to light, opposition to their com-
plete awareness appears. This opposition is known technically
as resistance. Uncensored, uninhibited verbalization of everything
and anything that comes to mind is a technique used in psycho-
analysis and called "free association". Another technique used
in psychoanalysis is called "interpretation", wherein the therapist
helps the person to understand the meaning of his/her mental
phenomenon and his/her behavior.
E. What is perhaps regarded as the most significant concept in
psychoanalytical therapy, and perhaps the most important discov-
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ery of Freud, is the emotional reaction of the patient toward the
analyst, known as transference. The dream is regarded as a phe-
nomenon directly connected with psychic life. It represents a prod-
uct of the person's thinking but serves as a convenient disguise
for the person's unacceptable rejected emotions. In analysing the
dream, the analyst finds symbolic expressions of the patient's
inner tensions and clues to repressed thoughts, feelings, and
334. Tentative explanations of patients feelings and behavior experiences. A phenomenon that accounts for many mistakes and
failures of psychotherapy is that known as countertransference,
A. Free association transfer of the attitudes of the therapist to the patient. These atti-
B. Resistance tudes can interfere with the therapeutic effectiveness of treatment
C. transference but can be put to good use diagnostically and therapeutically.
D. Countertransference When the person is faced with emotional constellations with which
E. Interpretation he/she could not deal in the past that are repressed and forgotten
F. Dream analysis and are about to be brought to light, opposition to their com-
plete awareness appears. This opposition is known technically
as resistance. Uncensored, uninhibited verbalization of everything
and anything that comes to mind is a technique used in psycho-
analysis and called "free association". Another technique used
in psychoanalysis is called "interpretation", wherein the therapist
helps the person to understand the meaning of his/her mental
phenomenon and his/her behavior.
B. Suppressive therapy aims to strengthen repression and other
usual defences or to lessen the intensity of a disabling symp-
tom using such means as suggestion and hypnosis. Superficial
expressive therapy uses various techniques such as abreaction,
which lessens anxiety by emotional reliving of the stress situ-
ation, and narcosynthesis, which uses an intravenous injection
of Pentothal sodium to the point of relaxation (not sleep) so
335. Subtle suggestion; does not lead to real insight
that censorship of unconscious material is lessened. Behavior
therapies are founded on the premise that all social behavioural
A. Superficial expressive therapy
expressions, healthy or maladaptive, are learned or represent
B. Suppressive therapy
distortions or deficits in the learning process. This emphasis from
C. Supportive therapy
learning theories on behavior as maintained and controlled by its
D. Behavior therapy
consequences is new influencing the development of newer treat-
ment methods. Supportive psychotherapy is anxiety suppressive.
It seeks to diminish anxiety through reassurance, modification of
the social environment, and the use of drugs. No attempt is made
to produce insight. This permits respite and time for the restoration
of personality organization. In many respects anxiety-suppressive
techniques are similar to those used by many in crisis intervention.
A. Suppressive therapy aims to strengthen repression and other
usual defences or to lessen the intensity of a disabling symp-
tom using such means as suggestion and hypnosis. Superficial
expressive therapy uses various techniques such as abreaction,
which lessens anxiety by emotional reliving of the stress situ-
ation, and narcosynthesis, which uses an intravenous injection
of Pentothal sodium to the point of relaxation (not sleep) so
336. Abreaction, emotional reliving of a stress situation
that censorship of unconscious material is lessened. Behavior
therapies are founded on the premise that all social behavioural
A. Superficial expressive therapy
expressions, healthy or maladaptive, are learned or represent
B. Suppressive therapy
distortions or deficits in the learning process. This emphasis from
C. Supportive therapy
learning theories on behavior as maintained and controlled by its
D. Behavior therapy
consequences is new influencing the development of newer treat-
ment methods. Supportive psychotherapy is anxiety suppressive.
It seeks to diminish anxiety through reassurance, modification of
the social environment, and the use of drugs. No attempt is made
to produce insight. This permits respite and time for the restoration
of personality organization. In many respects anxiety-suppressive
techniques are similar to those used by many in crisis intervention.
D. Suppressive therapy aims to strengthen repression and other
usual defences or to lessen the intensity of a disabling symp-
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tom using such means as suggestion and hypnosis. Superficial
expressive therapy uses various techniques such as abreaction,
which lessens anxiety by emotional reliving of the stress situ-
ation, and narcosynthesis, which uses an intravenous injection
of Pentothal sodium to the point of relaxation (not sleep) so
337. Emphasis is placed on controlling behavior through the "con- that censorship of unconscious material is lessened. Behavior
sequences" of that behavior therapies are founded on the premise that all social behavioural
expressions, healthy or maladaptive, are learned or represent
A. Superficial expressive therapy distortions or deficits in the learning process. This emphasis from
B. Suppressive therapy learning theories on behavior as maintained and controlled by its
C. Supportive therapy consequences is new influencing the development of newer treat-
D. Behavior therapy ment methods. Supportive psychotherapy is anxiety suppressive.
It seeks to diminish anxiety through reassurance, modification of
the social environment, and the use of drugs. No attempt is made
to produce insight. This permits respite and time for the restoration
of personality organization. In many respects anxiety-suppressive
techniques are similar to those used by many in crisis intervention.
C. Suppressive therapy aims to strengthen repression and other
usual defences or to lessen the intensity of a disabling symp-
tom using such means as suggestion and hypnosis. Superficial
expressive therapy uses various techniques such as abreaction,
which lessens anxiety by emotional reliving of the stress situ-
ation, and narcosynthesis, which uses an intravenous injection
338. Used where immediate measures must be taken to relieve
of Pentothal sodium to the point of relaxation (not sleep) so
a patient (particularly when little is known) with unmanageable
that censorship of unconscious material is lessened. Behavior
anxiety
therapies are founded on the premise that all social behavioural
expressions, healthy or maladaptive, are learned or represent
A. Superficial expressive therapy
distortions or deficits in the learning process. This emphasis from
B. Suppressive therapy
learning theories on behavior as maintained and controlled by its
C. Supportive therapy
consequences is new influencing the development of newer treat-
D. Behavior therapy
ment methods. Supportive psychotherapy is anxiety suppressive.
It seeks to diminish anxiety through reassurance, modification of
the social environment, and the use of drugs. No attempt is made
to produce insight. This permits respite and time for the restoration
of personality organization. In many respects anxiety-suppressive
techniques are similar to those used by many in crisis intervention.
A. Suppressive therapy aims to strengthen repression and other
usual defences or to lessen the intensity of a disabling symp-
tom using such means as suggestion and hypnosis. Superficial
expressive therapy uses various techniques such as abreaction,
which lessens anxiety by emotional reliving of the stress situ-
ation, and narcosynthesis, which uses an intravenous injection
of Pentothal sodium to the point of relaxation (not sleep) so
339. Hypnosis
that censorship of unconscious material is lessened. Behavior
therapies are founded on the premise that all social behavioural
A. Superficial expressive therapy
expressions, healthy or maladaptive, are learned or represent
B. Suppressive therapy
distortions or deficits in the learning process. This emphasis from
C. Supportive therapy
learning theories on behavior as maintained and controlled by its
D. Behavior therapy
consequences is new influencing the development of newer treat-
ment methods. Supportive psychotherapy is anxiety suppressive.
It seeks to diminish anxiety through reassurance, modification of
the social environment, and the use of drugs. No attempt is made
to produce insight. This permits respite and time for the restoration
of personality organization. In many respects anxiety-suppressive
techniques are similar to those used by many in crisis intervention.
A. Suppressive therapy aims to strengthen repression and other
usual defences or to lessen the intensity of a disabling symp-
tom using such means as suggestion and hypnosis. Superficial
expressive therapy uses various techniques such as abreaction,
which lessens anxiety by emotional reliving of the stress situ-
ation, and narcosynthesis, which uses an intravenous injection
of Pentothal sodium to the point of relaxation (not sleep) so
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340. Narcosynthesis
A. Superficial expressive therapy
B. Suppressive therapy
C. Supportive therapy
D. Behavior therapy
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that censorship of unconscious material is lessened. Behavior
therapies are founded on the premise that all social behavioural
expressions, healthy or maladaptive, are learned or represent
distortions or deficits in the learning process. This emphasis from
learning theories on behavior as maintained and controlled by its
consequences is new influencing the development of newer treat-
ment methods. Supportive psychotherapy is anxiety suppressive.
It seeks to diminish anxiety through reassurance, modification of
the social environment, and the use of drugs. No attempt is made
to produce insight. This permits respite and time for the restoration
of personality organization. In many respects anxiety-suppressive
techniques are similar to those used by many in crisis intervention.