PART 1

1.What is the purpose of a switch in networking? What is the difference between

switch and
hub?
Answer
Purpose of the Switch is to connect all network devices together on an internal network

Switch Hub
used to create network used to create network
First detect the MAC address of each device rebroadcast data to all devices that connected
and then sends data to only the correct device to its ports
and Intelligent device cuz it stores MAC but not intelligent device
address
has storage area and store MAC address in No storage area and MAC address
form of table
Work as Full duplex mode Half duplex
Not much speed Increase speed after connecting switch

2. What is the purpose of a router in networking? What is the difference between

router and
modem?
Answer
The purpose of the router is to connect two or more different networks. And forward data
from one network to another based on their Ip addresses so 1. makes sure data is directed
to the correct destination 2. Prevent data from goin where it’s not permitted.

Router modem

Connects devices to LAN which is WI-FI
local means our area such us home, office.
Bring internet to devices
Connect to modem
Has a public IP address
Use a WAN network connect me to (wide
area network)
receive signals from ISP to home
Connect to ISP
Has an assigned local IP address

3. What is the purpose of a server in networking? What types of servers are there?
Answer To provide services to the clients through Internet or local Networks.
Web Server, Email Server, Database Server
FTP Server, Proxy Server, File Server, Application Server.
PART 2
1.Define the functions of the following application layer protocols:

a. DHCP: Assign IP addresses automatically to computer devices. that’s

can save us a lot of time rather assign static IP addresses to each
device.

a. DNS: Turn or translate Domain names into IP address so that

computer can understand it.

b. HTTP: Used in web browsers to request webpage from page serve. In

http all info is sent in (clear text) which is mean hackers can steal and
see sensitive data that exchanged btw computer and that web server.

c. HTTPS: Used in web browsers to requests webpage from page server

but used extra layer security to encrypt data and make sure all the data
that’s being transferred over internet btw computer and web server is
secure and impossible to read by using TSL or SSL protocol to protect
data.

d. SMTP: Network layer protocol that transfer E-mail between mail

servers, Sender mail server and recipient mail server.

e. FTP: Protocol that transfer files between computers or servers.

2. Define the functions of the following transport layer protocols:

a. TCP: For sending and receiving data guarantee that all data sent
correctly without any missing data if any missing data will resend it back
and it reliable. Reliable, get to know the data, resend missing data.

b. UDP: Also, for sending and receiving data but doesn’t guarantee data
delivery and forgive with any missing data. Faster than TCP, doesn’t
resend missing data.
3. Explain the differences of the following internet layer protocols:
a. IPv4: its current Ip addresses, A numeric address, binary bits are
separated by a dot, Pv4 is a 32-bit decimal address, less advanced, secure, less
faster compared to Ipv6, produce about 4 billion unique addresses

b. IPv6: Next generation computer IP addresses, an alphanumeric

address, binary bits separated by a colon, IPv6 is a 128-bit hexadecimal
address, more advanced, secure, faster compared to IPv4, produce over 340
undecillions addresses

4. What are network ports? Provide several examples of network ports.

Define port forwarding.
Its logical connection that used by programs services to exchange information,
determines which program or service on a computer or service that’s going to
be used whether WEB page, FTP, Email. Ports have a unique number that
identifies them.
Ports 80.443 used in web pages (HTTP, HTTPS).
Ports 21 used in (FTP) / Port 22 used in (SHH) / Port 53 used in (DNS)
Port 22 used for (Email) / Port 23 used (Telnet) / Port 69 used in (TFTP)
Port 220 used for (IMP).

Task 3. Networking and networking terminology.

Define the functions of the following terms
a. LAN, WLAN, WAN, VLAN

LAN: A network that connects devices to each other using wired cables
in a small area.

WLAN: Smaller to LAN network but connect devices Wirelessly in a

small area.
 WAN. It connects several existing networks in different or
geographically separated places.

VLAN: Allow administrator to partition ports and provides data

forwarding by isolating traffic more efficiently and allows grouping of
devices regardless of location for administrative.

b. ARP and MAC address: ARP used to resolve IP addresses to MAC

addresses. Devices us ARP to acquire the mac address of the device.

MAC address its physical address uniquely identifies each device on a

network. Whenever the device wants to communicate with another
device will need a MAC address of this device, device will use ARP to
get the mac address of this device.

C. Network Interface Card (NIC)

D. NAT Translates a set of Ip addresses to another set of IP addresses.

E. IP identifier for a computer or device on a network.

F. Static and dynamic IP address. Static Ip users used to assign IP

addresses manually to device Ip address never changes tied to
single user every time connect to internet will get same Ip address
from DHCP server. Dynamic IP computers broadcast a request for
an Ip address and DHCP server will assign an Ip and deliver it to
computer Its make managing computer a lot easier by
automatically assigned Ip address and save time on a large
computer network

G. Public and private IP address: Private IP used by home router to

identify different devices on LAN internally IP address, free, not unique,
Privat, not registered can’t access public web wide, secure. Public IP is
used to communicate outside the network registered on public internet,
unique IP, not free provide by ISP, external Ip, not secure.
 H. Subnet Mask, Subnetting: determine the network ID and host ID
of an IP network upon subnetting.
I.Default Gateway: to pass the information to another router when
the current packet does not know the destination.

PART 4
I don’t have Router at home.