INTERNETWORKIG

WITH
TCP/IP
 OVERVIEW
 HYSTORY OF TCP/IP
 INTRODUCTION OF TCP/IP
 IP ADDRESSES
 INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR INSTALL A
TCP/IP IN PC
 TYPES OF NETWORK
 ARP
 INTERNET ARCHITECTURE
 SUBNETTING
 FUTURE OF TCP/IP
 IPV6
 HYSTORY OF TCP/IP


Department of Defense (DOD)

research project to connect a number
different networks designed by
different vendors into a network of
networks ("Internet"). It was
initially successful because it
delivered a few basic services that
everyone needs (file transfer,
electronic mail, remote logon) across
a very large number of client and
server systems.
 INTRODUCTION
 INTERNET
 PROTOCOL
 TCP
 IP
IP ADDRESS
• An IP address is a unique number that
identifies computers on the Internet .An IP
address consists of four numbers separated by
periods. Each number must be between 0 to
255.
• Properties :
IP addresses are unique.
No two machine can have the same
IP number.
IP addresses are also global and
standardized.
INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR
INSTALL OF TCP/IP IN PC

 The IP address assigned to this personal

computer
 The part of the IP address (the subnet
mask) that distinguishes
other machines on the same LAN (messages
can be sent to them directly) from machines in
other departments or elsewhere in the world
(which are sent to a router machine)
 The IP address of the router machine that
connects this LAN to the rest of the world.
 NETWORK
 LAN : ( LOCAL AREA NETWORK )
It provides highest speed
communication among computers but it covers small
distances. For example it cover small area like a
single building or a small campus and operates
between 10 Mbps to 2 Gbps.
 WAN: ( WIDE AREA NETWORK )
It provides communication over large
distances. It operates at slower speeds than LANs.
Typical speed for wan range from 56 Kbps to 155
Mbps.
 ARP
 ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL
It is used for mapping a mapping IP addresses
to physical addresses dynamically. It allows a host
to find the physical address of a target host on the
same physical network.
 INTERNET ARCHITECTURE
 Two networks can only connected, to form an
internetwork ,by computer that attaches to both of
them. The computer that interconnect two networks
and pass packets from one to the other is called
Internet Gateways or Internet routers.
 INTERNETWORKING THROUGH IP ROUTERS

net 1 r1 net 2 r2 net 3

SUBNETTING

• It is used to allow a single network

address to span multiple physical
networks is called subnet addressing.
• 32 bit IP address having an internet
portion and a local portion ,where the
internet portion identifies a site, and the
local portion identifies a physical network
and a host at that site.
 network 128.10.1.0.

128.10.1.1 2
h1 h2
rest of the R 128.10.1.2
internet

network 128.10.2.0

128.10.2.1 h3 h4
128.10.2.2
FUTURE OF TCP/IP

• Why change tcp/ip and the internet ?

1. New computer and communication

technologies.
2. New applications.
3. Increases in size and load.
4. New policies.
IPV6

 IPv6 is a new version of ip.

 FEATURES OF IPv6:
1. Larger addresses.
128 bits
2. Flexible header format.