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  • Green Steel Via Hydrogen Based Direct Reduction With Hydrogen Released Form Ammonia

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    Mashhood Mashhoodi
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    The document discusses the production of "green steel" using hydrogen derived from ammonia to reduce iron oxide, providing a more sustainable method of steel production. Currently, steel production accounts for about 8% of global carbon dioxide emissions. The document outlines how ammonia could be used to produce hydrogen as a replacement for carbon in steelmaking, thereby lowering emissions. It also examines the kinetics and properties of steel produced using ammonia, as well as opportunities for further research to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the steel industry.

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    Green steel via hydrogen based direct reduction with hydrogen released form ammonia

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    The document discusses the production of "green steel" using hydrogen derived from ammonia to reduce iron oxide, providing a more sustainable method of steel production. Currently, steel production accounts for about 8% of global carbon dioxide emissions. The document outlines how ammonia could be used to produce hydrogen as a replacement for carbon in steelmaking, thereby lowering emissions. It also examines the kinetics and properties of steel produced using ammonia, as well as opportunities for further research to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the steel industry.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    9 views45 pages

    Green Steel Via Hydrogen Based Direct Reduction With Hydrogen Released Form Ammonia

    Uploaded by

    Mashhood Mashhoodi
    The document discusses the production of "green steel" using hydrogen derived from ammonia to reduce iron oxide, providing a more sustainable method of steel production. Currently, steel production accounts for about 8% of global carbon dioxide emissions. The document outlines how ammonia could be used to produce hydrogen as a replacement for carbon in steelmaking, thereby lowering emissions. It also examines the kinetics and properties of steel produced using ammonia, as well as opportunities for further research to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the steel industry.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 45

    Green steel

    Hydrogen
    with
    from H N
    Ammonia (NH3)
    H
    H
    What is
    ‘Green Steel‘?
    D. Raabe, The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys, Chem. Rev. 2023, 123, p. 2436
    OPEN ACCESS - Free LINKS:
    https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00799
    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/advs.202300111
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1702-5
    Steel with…
    lower carbon footprint
    lower energy use
    less byproducts
    higher efficiency
    Steel: 8 % of all global
    CO2 emissions
    Today:
    2 tons CO2
    per ton of steel
    Why has steel
    such a high
    carbon footprint
    Redox reaction
    3 CO 3 CO2
    + → +
    Fe2O3 2 Fe

    D. Raabe, The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys, Chem. Rev. 2023, 123, p. 2436
    1.9 billion tons steel / year

    D. Raabe, The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys, Chem. Rev. 2023, 123, p. 2436
    2.5 billion tons

    1.9 billion tons


    Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung | Dierk Raabe 12
    Fe2O3 + 3 CO Fe2O3 + 3 H2
    → →
    2 Fe + 3 CO2 2 Fe + 3 H2O
    Fe2O3

    H2O

    H2

    Max-Planck-Institut
    Animation: Midrex für Eisenforschung | Dierk Raabe 14
    H2O

    CO2
    Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung | Dierk Raabe
    Where does all the
    green hydrogen
    come from?
    (>250 Million tons H2 required)
    Ma, Y.; Bae, J. W.; Kim, S.; Joviˇ, M.; Li, K.; Vogel, D.; Ponge, D.; Rohwerder, M.; Gault, B.; Raabe, D. Reducing Iron Oxide
    with Ammonia: A Sustainable Path to Green Steel. Adv. Sci. 2023, 2300111, 1–7
    D. Raabe, The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys, Chem. Rev. 2023, 123, p. 2436
    Producing 1 kg hydrogen,
    which has a specific energy of
    143 MJ/kg, requires 50-55 kW
    h (180- 200 MJ/kg)
    D. Raabe, The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys, Chem. Rev. 2023, 123, p. 2436
    Water splitting by polymer
    electrolyte membrane or
    alkaline electrolysis:

    70-80% efficiency
    Liquefaction to
    −253°C costs 35%
    of its energy
    Liquefaction of hydrogen:
    consumes 35% of its energy
    i.e.
    liquid hydrogen transport
    is inefficient !
    H N
    Is Ammonia H
    an alternative / vector to H

    Hydrogen?
    D. Raabe, The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys, Chem. Rev. 2023, 123, p. 2436 26
    Ammonia: zero-carbon fertiliser, fuel and energy store, February 2020 DES5711, ISBN: 978-1-78252-448-9, The Royal Society
    Fe2O3 + 3 H2
    →
    2 Fe + 3 H2O

    Ma, Y.; Bae, J. W.; Kim, S.; Joviˇ, M.; Li, K.; Vogel, D.; Ponge, D.; Rohwerder, M.; Gault, B.; Raabe, D. Reducing Iron Oxide
    with Ammonia: A Sustainable Path to Green Steel. Adv. Sci. 2023, 2300111, 1–7
    Green
    hydrogen
    from
    Green
    Ammonia
    Ma, Y.; Bae, J. W.; Kim, S.; Joviˇ, M.; Li, K.; Vogel, D.; Ponge, D.; Rohwerder, M.; Gault, B.; Raabe, D. Reducing Iron Oxide
    with Ammonia: A Sustainable Path to Green Steel. Adv. Sci. 2023, 2300111, 1–7
    What is the
    kinetics?

    Ma, Y.; Bae, J. W.; Kim, S.; Joviˇ, M.; Li, K.; Vogel, D.; Ponge, D.; Rohwerder, M.; Gault, B.; Raabe, D. Reducing Iron Oxide
    with Ammonia: A Sustainable Path to Green Steel. Adv. Sci. 2023, 2300111, 1–7
    What kind of

    steel
    do we get from
    ammonia-based
    direct reduction 111

    Ma, Y.; Bae, J. W.; Kim, S.; Joviˇ, M.; Li, K.; Vogel, D.; Ponge, D.; Rohwerder,
    M.; Gault, B.; Raabe, D. Reducing Iron Oxide with Ammonia: A Sustainable
    Path to Green Steel. Adv. Sci. 2023, 2300111, 1–7
    001 101
    Nitrogen
    in the

    steel
    Ma, Y.; Bae, J. W.; Kim, S.; Joviˇ, M.; Li, K.; Vogel, D.; Ponge, D.; Rohwerder,
    M.; Gault, B.; Raabe, D. Reducing Iron Oxide with Ammonia: A Sustainable
    Path to Green Steel. Adv. Sci. 2023, 2300111, 1–7
    Nitrides
    in the

    steel
    Ma, Y.; Bae, J. W.; Kim, S.; Joviˇ, M.; Li, K.; Vogel, D.; Ponge, D.; Rohwerder,
    M.; Gault, B.; Raabe, D. Reducing Iron Oxide with Ammonia: A Sustainable α-Fe
    Path to Green Steel. Adv. Sci. 2023, 2300111, 1–7 Fe4N
    Nitrides
    in the

    steel
    α-Fe
    Fe4N
    Nitrides in the steel

    Ma, Y.; Bae, J. W.; Kim, S.; Joviˇ, M.; Li, K.; Vogel, D.; Ponge, D.; Rohwerder, M.; Gault, B.; Raabe, D. Reducing Iron Oxide
    with Ammonia: A Sustainable Path to Green Steel. Adv. Sci. 2023, 2300111, 1–7
    Ma, Y.; Bae, J. W.; Kim, S.; Joviˇ, M.; Li, K.; Vogel, D.; Ponge, D.; Rohwerder, M.; Gault, B.; Raabe, D. Reducing Iron Oxide
    with Ammonia: A Sustainable Path to Green Steel. Adv. Sci. 2023, 2300111, 1–7
    Ma, Y.; Bae, J. W.; Kim, S.; Joviˇ, M.; Li, K.; Vogel, D.; Ponge, D.;
    Rohwerder, M.; Gault, B.; Raabe, D. Reducing Iron Oxide with
    Ammonia: A Sustainable Path to Green Steel. Adv. Sci. 2023,
    2300111, 1–7
    Lots of headroom
    for research that
    helps to
    REDUCE CO2
    Decide !
    D. Raabe, The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys, Chem. Rev. 2023, 123, p. 2436
    OPEN ACCESS - Free LINKS:
    https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00799
    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/advs.202300111
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1702-5

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