Experiment No: 2

Brinell Hardness Test

Name of the Student: YUVRAJSINGH .V. PARDESHI
Div: ME-C Roll No: 83
Aim: To determine the indentation hardness of various material.

Theory:
The Brinell hardness test is widely employed for materials with rough or coarse structures, such
as castings and forgings. The testing machine applies load through a lever and hydraulic power,
using a hardened steel ball indenter with diameters of 10mm, 5mm, or 2.5mm. A reading
microscope with 25-fold magnification measures the indentation diameter, and a micrometre
facilitates accurate readings. Test loads vary, commonly 500kg for soft materials and 3000kg for
harder ones, with an applied load duration of 10 to 30 seconds(usually 10 to 15 sec for hard
ferrous materials and about 30 sec for soft nonferrous materials).

The resulting Brinell Hardness Number (BHN) reflects the test conditions, like "70 HB
10/500/30," indicating a BHN of 70 obtained using a 10mm ball, 500kg load, and a 30-second
application. To prevent errors, extremely hard metals may use a tungsten carbide or a specially
hardened and burnished steel ball.

Compared to other methods, Brinell's indenter creates the deepest and widest indentation,
averaging hardness over a broader material area, accounting for various grain structures and
irregularities. The BHN is defined as the ratio of the test load to the indentation's surface area,
where the constant involves the acceleration due to gravity.

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 The Brinell hardness number is defined as the ratio of test load to the surface area of
indentation.

Where,

P = Load in Kg

HBW = Brinell hardness number (Kg/mm2)

D = Diameter of the ball (mm)

d = Diameter of the indentation (mm)

Where,

Constant = 0.102 = 1/(g ) = 1/9.81

g = acceleration due to gravity

F = Force in Newton

The specimen thickness should be at least 8 times the indentation depth to prevent deformation
on the opposite surface. The indentation patterns, such as ridging or sinking, are analyzed for
accurate BHN determination.

Procedure:
1. When you click on a Brinell test file, a new window will open as shown below.
2. Click on the NEXT button at the bottom right corner to move to the next step.
3. Click on the material to select the required specimens and the load to be applied on that is
shown, and then click on NEXT button.

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 4. The load to be applied on the selected specimen is displayed here, click NEXT button to
mount the specimen on setup.
5. Click on hand wheel then move mouse pointer over the hand wheel to rotate it in
clockwise direction till the specimen is in position, after adjusting the specimen in
specified position then move to the next step by clicking on NEXT button.
6. Switch on the machine and click on hand lever to apply load, again click on unload after
applying load of 10 to 15 sec for ferrous material and up to 30sec for nonferrous material.
7. Scroll mouse over the microscope adjusting screw to view the indentation, adjust the
indentation corner to zero.
8. Click on hand lever again to stop the loading process.
9. The observation of trial 1 is given; repeat the same steps for other trials.
10. The final average hardness value from different trials is given here.

Calculation:
1.For Cast iron

2.For Mild steel

3.For Brass

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4. For Aluminum

Result:
The result of the experiment is that the HBW is different for different material. It depends upon
the hardness of the material.

From the calculation we calculated the average HBW for different material.

The average HBW for different material are:

1. Cast iron: 100.19

2. Mild Steel: 149.18

3. Brass: 85.38

4. Aluminum: 94.82

Conclusion:
We calculated the HBW by conducting the Brinell hardness test upon the various materials.The
HBW number depends upon the property of material. The indenter makes the various pattern on
the surface of specimen depending upon its hardness.