Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Learning Competency
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following:
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Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following:
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Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following:
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Overview of the Regions of the Cell
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Structural Components of the Plasma Membrane
Roles of Roles of
Structure Lipid Bilayer Membrane Proteins
Plasma Membrane
Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
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Structural Components of the Plasma Membrane
Roles of Roles of
Structure Lipid Bilayer Membrane Proteins
Plasma Membrane
● The fluid mosaic model describes the
membrane structure.
Cytoskeleton
○ mosaic of different molecules such
as proteins, sugars, and cholesterol
Cytoplasm ○ fluidity due to its natural viscosity
Cell Wall
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Structural Components of the Plasma Membrane
Roles of Roles of
Structure Lipid Bilayer Membrane Proteins
Plasma Membrane
● Membrane fluidity is determined by:
○ the “kinks” in the fatty acid tails of
Cytoskeleton
the phospholipids
○ the cholesterol molecules which act
Cytoplasm as regulators of fluidity
Cell Wall
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Structural Components of the Plasma Membrane
Roles of Roles of
Structure Lipid Bilayer Membrane Proteins
Plasma Membrane
● Selective permeability is an important
property of the lipid bilayer, in which it
Cytoskeleton
only allows certain molecules to move
into and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
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Structural Components of the Plasma Membrane
Roles of Roles of
Structure Lipid Bilayer Membrane Proteins
Plasma Membrane
Permeable
Cytoskeleton
Lipids Alcohol small molecules
Cytoplasm
carbon
oxygen nitrogen dioxide
water
Cell Wall
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Structural Components of the Plasma Membrane
Roles of Roles of
Structure Lipid Bilayer Membrane Proteins
Plasma Membrane
Impermeable
Cytoskeleton
polar molecules large molecules
Cytoplasm
amino nucleic
glucose proteins
Cell Wall acids acids
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Structural Components of the Plasma Membrane
Roles of Roles of
Structure Lipid Bilayer Membrane Proteins
Plasma Membrane
Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Transport proteins in the membrane may either be in the
form of carrier proteins or channel proteins
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Structural Components of the Plasma Membrane
Roles of Roles of
Structure Lipid Bilayer Membrane Proteins
Plasma Membrane
channel passageway of certain
proteins molecules
Membrane Proteins
Cytoskeleton
change conformation
carrier proteins
to transport molecules
Cytoplasm
cell recognition detect invading
proteins pathogens
Cell Wall
receptor binding of molecules to
proteins trigger responses
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The Cytoskeletal Elements
Intermediate
Microtubules Microfilaments Filaments
Plasma Membrane
● This consists of a
network of
Cytoskeleton
protein fibers that
gives the cell its
Cytoplasm structural
framework.
Cell Wall The cytoskeletal elements can
be observed by using
fluorescence techniques. 22
The Cytoskeletal Elements
Intermediate
Microtubules Microfilaments Filaments
Plasma Membrane
Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
A microtubule is a helix of
ɑ-tubulin and β-tubulin subunits.
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The Cytoskeletal Elements
Intermediate
Microtubules Microfilaments Filaments
Plasma Membrane
● It radiate from the centrosomes
● Form spindle fibers that move chromosomes
Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
A microtubule is a helix of
ɑ-tubulin and β-tubulin subunits.
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The Cytoskeletal Elements
Intermediate
Microtubules Microfilaments Filaments
Plasma Membrane
● They consist of
long fibers of
Cytoskeleton
actin protein,
making them the
Cytoplasm thinnest
cytoskeleton.
Cell Wall Fluorescent actin
microfilaments from mouse
embryo 26
The Cytoskeletal Elements
Intermediate
Microtubules Microfilaments Filaments
Plasma Membrane
● They help
facilitate cell and
Cytoskeleton
organelle
movement.
Cytoplasm ● They can help
change the
Cell Wall shape of the cell. Fluorescent actin
microfilaments from mouse
embryo 27
The Cytoskeletal Elements
Intermediate
Microtubules Microfilaments Filaments
Plasma Membrane
● Helps maintain cell shape
● Anchors the nucleus
Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Intermediate filaments provide structural integrity
to the plasma membrane
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Structural Components of the Cytoplasm
Plasma Membrane
● This is where
all different
subcellular
Cytoskeleton
structures are
suspended.
Cytoplasm
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Structural Components of the Cytoplasm
Plasma Membrane
● It is composed
of the cytosol,
a semifluid
Cytoskeleton
solution that
consists of
Cytoplasm water and
inorganic and Cross-section view of a plant
Plasma Membrane
● Cell wall is a rigid structure that
surrounds the cell membrane.
Cytoskeleton
● It helps maintain the shape of cells and
prevent them from bursting.
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
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Structural Components of the Cell Wall
Plasma Membrane
● Most bacteria
have cell wall
made up of
Cytoskeleton
peptidoglycan.
Plasma Membrane
● In plant cells, the cell wall consists of
mesh-like cellulose fibers.
Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Plant cell walls prevent the cell from bursting should
excess water is absorbed. 33
Is it possible to make an
artificial cell from scratch?
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Check Your Understanding
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Let’s Sum It Up!
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Let’s Sum It Up!
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Photo Credit Bibliography
Hoefnagels, Marielle. Biology: The Essentials.
2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Education, 2016.