lorella duda

Grammar
1 Complete the text with the correct answer, A, B, 3 Complete the dialogue with the correct form of
C or D. these verbs. There are two extra verbs.
Citizens in Space is an American project (1) …………… ordinary
be able to • create • enhance • travel
people and experiments into space. Run by the United States
use • work (x2)
Rocket Academy (USRA), the project has already got a
contract for ten space flights with the company XCOR A: So, what do you think about these questions?
Aerospace. The USRA (2) …………… space available on these (1) ………………… be working
will more people ……………………………………
flights to citizen scientists. They (3) …………… to offer from home in 2025?
professional researchers the chance to fly. In both cases, the B: Oh yes, I think so. People (2) …………………………………
passengers will conduct experiments during the flight. So far, will ……………………………………
have been using computers at home for
the experiments that (4) …………… cover areas from life sciences decades by then, and more companies (3) ……………
to technology demonstrations. The organisers hope that in five will be enhancing
…………………………………………………………… networks that
or ten years’ time hundreds of citizens (5) …………… the chance enable their employees to stay at home. I think it’s a
to build an experiment and fly in space. good idea because by cutting out travel time people
1 A on the verge of launching B about launching will be able to
(4) ……………………………………………………………………… work
C to be launching D will be launching more or enjoy their free time.
2 A make B will be making A: Yes, that’s the only downside to working from home.
C will have been making D will have made is working
My mum (5) ………………………………………………………………
3 A will also plan B are also going to plan from home for ten years in December. It’s handy
C are also planning D will also be planning
because she can take us to school, but sometimes
4 A are going to be done B are going to be doing
she ends up working in the evenings because the
C will be doing D will have been doing
office is just upstairs.
5 A will be having B will have
C are having D will have been having /5
/5
4 Complete the text. Write one word in each gap.
2 Complete the text with the correct form of the These days more and more people are studying university
verbs given. degrees and the job market is becoming even more
Hello everyone. Today I’m here to tell you about a citizen going
competitive. How are you (1) ……………………… to get ahead
science project that I’m working on called Shakespeare’s in the job market? One way is to keep an eye on the
World. The idea is to get people to transcribe manuscripts global labour market, which is changing constantly. Firstly,
from Shakespeare’s lifetime. The organisers think it will is
the increase in industrial mechanisation (2) ………………………
increase their knowledge of the period. In the end any new likely to have a large impact on the labour market as
are going to be add
words that are found (1) ……………………………………………….… machines take over from factory workers. Secondly, new
…………………… (add) to the Oxford English Dictionary. I don’t jobs are being invented all the time. This means that
is likely to have
know if it (2) …………………………………………………………….…….… have
workers will (3) ……………………… to reinvent themselves for
(likely, have) a big impact on historians’ knowledge of the the new labour market. Smart-home fixer is a new job
period, but you never know. Some previously undiscovered will
which (4) ……………………… probably appear soon as more
information could come to light. I’ve only just started, but I’m people live in smart homes and seek home improvements
will learn
sure I (3) ………………………………………………………………………… or upgrades. Virtual reality experience designer is another
(learn) a lot about this period in history. It’s a bit ironic really new job title which could soon become commonplace as
because I’m a scientist. I never knew I (4) ……………………… more people look for virtual reality entertainment. Another
was going to become (become) a historian in my free
…………………………….……………… have
point to consider is that people who will (5) ………………………
am due to complete
time! Now, I (5) ………………………………………………………………… been planning their retirement for years, may find that the
(due, complete) two manuscripts today so I’d better get retirement age is raised or they simply want to continue
started. working. This will make the labour market even more
competitive in some industries.
/5
/5

Total / 20

1 of 7
 lorella duda
Vocabulary
5 Choose the correct alternatives to complete the
text.
It has come to my attention that two scientists (1) have
voiced some doubt/have doubted about the results of our
last experiment. They have stated that they have
(2) ample/plenty evidence that some of the samples that
were tested had been contaminated. Naturally this
(3) calls onto question/calls into question our findings.
While I give my wholehearted support to our dedicated
team of scientists, I do not want this series of
experiments to be challenged. As a result, in accordance
with the (4) wholehearted/prevailing view of the
committee, I would ask that the final experiment is
repeated using new samples. Then the team will be able
to (5) prove beyond doubt/pose a question about their
8 Complete the second sentence so it has a
new findings in this field.
/5
6 Complete the text with the correct form of the
words given. You may need to add a prefix
and/or a suffix.
WALL-E is an animated film about a hard-working robot,
aimed at children. It is very entertaining, but it also has a
environmental (environment) message to
strong (1) …………………………………..
get across. At the start of the film we see Planet Earth,
irrecognisable (recognise) as
which is almost (2) …………………………………..
most signs of civilisation are in ruins and almost every
surface is covered in mountains of rubbish. Humans no
longer live on Earth; they are in orbit until robots on
scientific
(3) ………………………………….. (science) missions find life on the
planet. The humans themselves look unfamiliar as they are
so obese from lack of exercise and many years in space.
ignorants
They appear to be (4) ………………………………….. (ignore) of
everything that is going on around them as they just focus
on virtual reality screens. While WALL-E and his fellow
eventful
robots provide an (5) ………………………………….. (event) story of
friendship and love, the overriding message is: look after
your planet.
/5
7 Complete the text. Write one word in each gap.
Technology has become a useful tool in education and I
learning
think as long as blended (1) ……………………………. is
encouraged in schools, it will continue to be beneficial.
However, I don’t think a move to (2) virtual
…………………………….
classrooms would be a good idea. Students still need to
face to face interaction with both
have some (3) …………………………….
their teacher and their classmates. Discussions, debates
and teamwork all teach students valuable skills. The use
resources is an excellent way to
of online (4) …………………………….
allow students to investigate, but they should also be
required to read from paper books and use dictionaries
from time to time. Technology is also an excellent
tool
assessment (5) ……………………………., though students may
see this as a disadvantage! Teachers can track their
students’ work more easily and give out homework
online.
/5
similar meaning to the first. You should use
between two and six words, including the
word(s) given.
1 The motion was passed by a majority of ten when the
prime minister finally declared herself in favour of
the bill. SUPPORT OF
out in support of
The prime minister finally came …………………………………
………………………………… the bill and the motion was
passed with a majority of ten votes.
2 The principal supported the students’ call for
increased access to online resources.
WHOLEHEARTED
wholehearted support to
The principal ……………………………………………………….………
……..……………….. the students on the subject of
increased access to online resources.
3 The evidence of five independent witnesses was
enough to convict the suspect. EVIDENCE OF
on the evidence of
The suspect was convicted …………………………………………
…………………………… five independent witnesses.
4 Does anyone have a question for the committee?
POSE
anyone pose a question
Would ……………………………………………………………………… to
the committee?
5 Many people believe that a lot of screen time results
in children finding it hard to concentrate for long
periods. ATTENTION
The prevailing view is that too much screen time can
difficulty to pay attention
cause children to have a ……………………………………...………
……………………….
/5
Total / 20
2 of 2
 Reading
9 Read the article. Choose the correct answer, A, B or C.

Mobile technology and environmental conservation

Citizen science has seen a rapid growth in popularity in the last decade as new technology has made it easier
for people to collate and share data from all over the world. It has proved particularly useful in an area which
you wouldn’t normally connect with up-to-the-minute technology: environmental conservation in remote
areas. This is largely due to the success of some particular, fit-for-purpose applications designed by
committed volunteers keen to solve specific problems.
Extreme Citizen Science is a group that was set up to work with residents in certain areas to find out their
needs or problems and provide solutions for them using geographical information systems (GIS). One of the
first groups to receive help from Extreme Citizen Science through this GIS technology was the Mbendjele
tribe in the Republic of Congo. They are an indigenous group who have the right to use certain areas of land
in the country. However, the borders were never marked, so they were competing with logging companies
for the land rights. When the main logging company in the Congo tried to get the tribe to mark what
they considered their territory on a map it proved impossible. This was partly because the tribe only
communicates verbally, but also because they don’t consider themselves the owners of the land and held the
view that the land belonged to everyone.
Extreme Citizen Science came up with an app which enabled the tribe to record the areas of land they
wanted to use on a mobile phone using icons. They also recorded which trees they considered important to
their survival. The logging company was then able to take this data into account and remove those trees from
their logging schedule. In addition, the tribe can also monitor illegal activities such as logging and poaching
and let the authorities know, which helps in the battle against poachers. Data coverage is limited in this area
of Africa, so the data is stored and transmitted when there is a signal. The phones are charged by connecting
the battery to a special cooking pot while it is being heated. Ingenuity at its best! This app is now also being
used by the Ashaninka tribe in the Amazon on the border of Brazil and Peru. This tribe does have a
designated area of land. However, they are using the app to record evidence of illegal intrusions.
CyberTracker is another technological tool that is proving to be important in environmental conservation. It
was first tested in 1996 in a national park in South Africa and proved that a non-literate person could collate
key data on animals just as well as a trained researcher. A park ranger tracked a rhino and recorded its
movements and diet over a period of days. It is now used to monitor gorillas in the Congo, snow leopards in
the Himalayas and jaguars in Costa Rica among other endangered species. In this way it is increasing
environmental monitoring worldwide in areas that were previously inaccessible, especially to non-natives
with little knowledge of the geography of the area.
In addition, this app is proving useful in the fight against poaching, in particular rhino poaching. Rangers and
trackers use it to follow both rhinos and poachers so they are prepared for an attack and can try to prevent
it. In addition, because the app records a GPS position every 30 seconds or every five minutes, depending on
how it is programmed, it tracks the rangers themselves. This demonstrates which rangers are doing a good
job and which are less productive or possibly even involved in illegal activities such as poaching. It is hoped
that it can be developed further to help elephants that also face extinction.
Interestingly, this app was also discovered to have a way of tracking disease, which could help prevent
epidemics such as Ebola in the future. During the Ebola epidemic in Gabon and the Republic of Congo,
trackers noticed a large drop in the numbers of certain animals such as bush pigs, just weeks before a human
outbreak of Ebola in the same area. In two cases they were able to warn the health authorities before the
human epidemics occurred. This ability to track disease could no doubt save lives in the future, but more
work needs to be done in this area first.
There is no doubt that this technology will become more powerful as it is developed further. In addition,
costs are sure to fall, which will enable more people to participate. In this way, more data will be available for
processing and sharing and we will learn more about our environment in even the most remote areas. It can
only be hoped that as our knowledge and awareness of the environment increases, so does our desire to
preserve it.

3 of 3
 1 Technology and conservation have come together …
A because of the huge variety of apps available.
B due to the ease of worldwide data collection.
C thanks to the invention of specialised apps.
2 The Mbendjele tribe faced a serious problem
because …
A logging companies were invading their land and
destroying their trees.
B they couldn’t reach an agreement with the
government over their land.
C they couldn’t show the logging companies what they
considered to be their territory.
3 The tribe became connected to technology when ...
A Extreme Citizen Science developed an app based
on icons.
B Extreme Citizen Science took an existing app
and redesigned it according to their desired
specifications.
C Extreme Citizen Science and the logging companies
worked jointly on a new app to map the tribe’s
territory.
4 CyberTracker is proving popular because …
A it’s an easy-to-use app which collects limited
amounts of data.
B it’s the only app that can record animals’
movements and diet.
C it can be used in areas that were thought to be too
remote.
5 In addition to tracking animals, CyberTracker is
used to …
A check that rangers are being responsible.
B monitor the area for potential attacks on animals.
C track rangers that also work as poachers.
Use of English
11 Complete the text. Write one word in each gap.
Driverless cars are on the (1) ……………………… of being used
to make deliveries and may soon become available to
ordinary people as a mode of transport. However, the
results of some experiments have (2) ……………………… into
question just how safe these cars are. In addition, this new
technology has raised quite a few legal issues such as who
would be responsible if there were a crash. Although they
might be useful for delivery companies, it is less clear how
they meet people’s individual (3) ……………………….
6 In the future, this kind of technology …
A will grow in popularity as the price drops.
B will become widely used despite its high cost.
C will become a powerful weapon in the fight against
poachers.
/6
10 Read the article again and complete the notes.
Write one word in each gap.
 GIS – (1) ………………………………….. information systems
 Mbendjele tribe was first to use this app to map their
territory and (2) ………………………………….. important
trees.
 Also monitor illegal activities.
 Mobile (3) ………………………………….. are limited in this
region, so data is stored and transmitted when a
signal is found.
 Phone is charged by connecting it to a specially
designed (4) ………………………………….. that produces
electricity when heated.
 Helps track rangers, poachers and animals to prevent
(5) ………………………………….. hunting.
 Can potentially track disease, which could prevent
(6) ………………………………….. of fatal diseases like Ebola,
but more experience is required in this area first.
/6
Total / 12
Some people have voiced some (4) ……………………… about
the sense of someone sitting in the car, but not driving it.
Others, however, argue that autonomous cars
(5) ……………………… allow passengers to sleep or work while
they travel, making car journeys more efficient. Despite
people’s different opinions, it looks more than likely that
driverless cars will become a common sight in the 2020s.
No doubt by 2040, people will have (6) ………………………
using them for years and they will no longer be a novelty.
/6
4 of 4
 lorella duda

12 Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits
in the gap in the same line.
Track a Tree is a Citizen Science project in the UK, which has been designed to
collect up-to-date information on trees and flowers in wooded areas in order to
participants follow
learn more about their life cycles. The idea is that (1) ……………………………. PARTICIPATE
randomly selected for the study. Every
particular trees that have been (2) ……………………………. RANDOM
week people record what they see happening to the tree and the ground below the
tree. The information on the trees gives scientists an idea of how much
flexibility
(3) ……………………………. each tree has, i.e. whether it can adjust to seasonal FLEXIBLE
changes over the years. By recording information on the plant life below the tree,
interaction between species. This
scientists can see if there is any (4) ……………………………. INTERACT
operation across the UK, thereby giving scientists an idea
project is in (5) ……………………………. OPERATE
of how seasonal timings alter across the country. If you are interested in taking
part in this project, then you can register online. Think about it; this is your chance
scientifical experiment and do some fieldwork.
to join a national (6) ……………………………. SCIENCE

/6

Total / 12

listening:
Listening 5/12
42%
13 Listen to a radio show about jobs in the future. Choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D.
1 James says that it’s useful to ...
A consider what new jobs may arise in the future.
B think about which occupations might expand in the
future.
C evaluate the way jobs are changing at the moment.
D consider which jobs have disappeared.
2 The speakers agree that driverless cars ...
A will become very common just as mechanisation
has taken over the manufacturing industry.
B will be used to deliver goods, but delivery people
will still be required as well.
C will replace delivery people in the near future.
D won’t become a reality and are just a futuristic ideal.
3 James believes that freelance teachers will ...
A be highly sought after due to the world’s ageing
population.
B be in great demand because more people will want
to study higher education.
C grow in numbers as more part-time and online
courses are taken.
D be in high demand as workers are required to study
by their employers.
4 According to James, freelance tribers are ...
A managers with a fixed team who are hired for
particular jobs.
B currently used in the entertainment industry.
C in-house managers who put together a group of
specialists.
D widely used in a variety of industries.
5 James says that freelance tribers ...
A should be creative people who are good at
maintaining relationships.
B can come from any background and need to be
up-to-date with the latest technology.
C should be creative thinkers with contacts in one or
two different industries.
D need to use social media constantly.
6 James says that urban farming ...
A is about using small spaces to produce organic
crops.
B maximises the potential of small green areas.
C is on the rise as traditional farming becomes more
unpopular.
D uses traditional farming techniques to produce
profitable produce.

/6

5 of 5
14 Listen again and complete the summary. Write one or two words in each gap.
Jobs are evolving quickly at the moment and it’s important to reflect on which (1) professions
…………………………………………… will
need more workers in the future. Nurses, doctors and carers will be in great (2) demand
……………………………………………

because people are living longer and the world’s population is getting older. The number of freelance teachers is on
the rise due to the increased demand for part-time and online courses which (3) ……………………………………………
moves fit around
people’s jobs. Freelance tribers are managers who can hire a specialist team to do a (4) particular specific
…………………………………………
maintain
job. They are creative people who (5) maintaining
…………………………………………… relationships with a great number of people from
different working backgrounds in order to have the contacts they need. Social media is essential to them. Urban
farmers are another new breed of professional who will become essential to the economy as the amount of green
spaces decline. They will have to cultivate (6) big
……………………………………………… , quick-growing crops to be profitable.
high value
/6

Total / 12

Writing
15 You have had a group discussion about the benefits of online health care. The two sides of the debate are
below. Write an essay which discusses both sides. You should explain which argument you think is more
valid and give reasons to support your opinion.

Some people hold the view that online health care will enable specialists to offer
treatment to everyone even in remote areas. Others argue that online health care could
be dangerous because misdiagnosis could occur.

Write 250–275 words.

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

6 of 6
 ………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….…………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……..………..……….……

/ 12

Speaking
16 Work with a partner.
Here are some changes that might affect jobs in the future and a question for you to discuss.
Talk to your partner about how jobs might be affected by these changes in the future.

Now you have about a minute to decide which change will have the biggest impact.
/ 12

Total / 100

7 of 7