pee How were the laws i of heredity discovered? Who was Gregor Mendel? What kind of contribution do you think he made to science? In 1856, the monk Gregor Mendel began one of the researches that provided the basis for understanding heredity. n his experiment, Mendel studied two species of peas with distinct characteristics; he cultivated these two lineages until they produced offspring with the same characteristics. He called these individuals “parents. After crossing the parents of the two species with each other, he generated the offspring ofthe first generation, and then crossed two individuals Of the first generation to generate the second generation. Mendel’ experiment ‘This picture represents Mendel’ experiment, considering one of the seven characteristics studied: the color of the seeds. What can you conclude from these results? These results were responsible for Mendel's First Law of Segregation. According to this law, the characteristics of an individual are conditioned by two factors, a dominant and a recessive ‘one. The expression of a recessive factor is altered by the presence of a dominant factor. During, the formation of gametes, the father and the mother transmit only one factor to their descendants, However, Mendel studied not just one trait but seven, When analyzing the combination of two traits, such as seed colors and pea seed texture (smooth and wrinkled), Mendel observed that these traits mixed with each other independently. Instead of generating two types of seeds (green and yellow), he observed that the generated seeds had a combination of characteristics. Having realized that different factors segregate in different ways, Mendel then formulated his second lav, the Law of Independent Assortment. According to this lav, two pairs of factors are distributed in gametes independently of each other, that is, the trait that is passed to a gamete does not influence the other trait. Later, with the advancement of genetic studies, we discovered that the factors Mendel mentioned are what we call genes, allele, which are found on chromosomes, Due to his contributions, Gre the father of genetics, and a pair of factors is an -gor Mendel is considered Exclusive Additional Resources « Lesson 1