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ICS77.140.01
H 40

national standards of People's Republic of China

GB/T1591-2018 replaces
GB/T1591-2008

Low alloy high strength structural steel

Highstrengthlowalloystructuralsteels
Published on 2018-05-14 2019-02-01 Implementation

State Administration for Market Regulation

release
China National Standardization Administration
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GB/T1591—2018

Table of contents

Foreword………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ÿ

1 Scope………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
2 Normative cited documents…………………………………………………………………………………… 1
3 Terms and Definitions………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2

4 How to indicate the grade……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3

5 Order contents………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
6 Dimensions, appearance, weight…………………………………………………………………………………… 3

7 Technical requirements………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4
8 Test methods………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16
9 Inspection rules………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16

10 Packaging, marking and quality certificate……………………………………………………………… 17

Appendix A (informative appendix) Domestic and foreign standard grade comparison table…………………………………………………… 18
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GB/T1591—2018

Preface

This standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009. This

standard replaces GB/T1591-2008 "Low Alloy High Strength Structural Steel". Compared with GB/T1591-2008, the main technical changes, except for editorial modifications,

are as follows: --- Clarified that the

chemical composition of this standard also applies to steel billets (see Chapter 1, Chapter 1 of the 2008 edition); --- Modifications

The definitions of the terms "thermal mechanical rolling" and "normalizing rolling" are added, and the terms and definitions of "hot rolling" and "normalizing" are added (see Chapter 3,

Chapter 3 of the 2008

edition); --- Modified the method of indicating the grade (see Chapter 4, Chapter 4 of the 2008

edition); --- Added ordering content (see Chapter 5); ---

Clarified the size and appearance , weight and allowable deviation requirements (see Chapter 6, Chapter 5 of the 2008 edition);

— Replace Q345 steel grade with Q355 steel grade and related requirements (see Chapter 7, 9.2, Chapter 6, 8.2 of the 2008 edition); --- Specify

the chemical composition of each grade according to different delivery status, and modify the content of grain-refining elements (see 7.1, 2008 version 6.1); --- Specify the

mechanical properties of each grade according to different delivery status, and modify Modify the lower yield strength to the upper yield strength, and its index will increase accordingly.

10MPa~15MPa (see 7.4.1, 7.4.2, 2008 edition 6.4.1, 6.4.2);

---Refined steel surface quality requirements (see 7.5, 2008 edition 6.5); ---

Modified the test methods and inspection rules, and clarified the sampling locations for impact tests (see Chapter 8, Chapter 9, 2008 edition 6.5) Chapter 7,

Chapter 8);
 Chapter 8);

--- Added a comparison table between this standard brand and foreign standard brands (see Appendix

A). This standard is proposed by the China Iron and Steel

Industry Association. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Steel Standardization

Technical Committee (SAC/TC183). This standard was drafted by: Anshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Research Institute,

Shougang Corporation, Hegang Co., Ltd. Tangshan Branch, Xiwang Special Steel Co., Ltd., Shandong Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. Laiwu Branch, Yingkou Medium Vehicle Steel New

Materials Co., Ltd., CITIC Metal Co., Ltd.

The main drafters of this standard: Liu Xuyuan, Pu Zhimin, Luan Yan, Dai Qiang, Shi Li, Shen Qinyi, Deng Cuiqing, Zhang Lingtong, Zhao Xinhua, Li

Wenwu, Wang Houxin, Zhang

Chenglian, Gao Yan. The previous versions of the standards

replaced by this standard are: ———GB1591-1979, GB1591-1988, GB/T1591-1994, GB/T1591-2008.

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GB/T1591—2018

Low alloy high strength structural steel

1 Scope

This standard specifies the grade expression method, ordering content, size, shape, weight, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packaging, marking and

quality certificates of low-alloy high-strength structural steel. This

standard applies to low-alloy high-strength structural steel plates, steel strips, sections, steel rods, etc. for general structures and engineering. Its chemical composition is also

suitable for steel billets.

2 Normative reference documents

The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this article.

pieces. For undated referenced documents, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.

GB/T222 Allowable deviations in chemical composition of finished steel products

GB/T223.3 Methods for chemical analysis of steel and alloys Determination of phosphorus content by diantipyrine methane phosphomolybdic acid

gravimetric method GB/T223.9 Determination of aluminum content in steel and alloys Chromium Azure S

spectrophotometry GB/T223.11 Steel Determination of chromium content of steel and alloys by visual titration or

potentiometric titration GB/T223.14 Chemical analysis methods for steel and alloys Determination of vanadium content by tantalum
potentiometric titration GB/T223.14 Chemical analysis methods for steel and alloys Determination of vanadium content by tantalum

reagent extraction photometry GB/T223.17 Chemical analysis methods for steel and alloys diantipyrine methane photometry Method for

determination of titanium content GB/T223.18 Method for chemical analysis of steel and alloys Sodium thiosulfate separation-iodometric

method for determination of copper content GB/T223.23 Determination of nickel content of steel and alloys diacetyl

oxime spectrophotometric method GB/T223. 26 Determination of molybdenum content in steel and alloys Thiocyanate

spectrophotometry GB/T223.37 Chemical analysis method of steel and alloys Distillation and separation-Indophenol blue photometry

method Determination of nitrogen content GB/T223.40 Determination of niobium content in steel and alloys Chlorine

Sulfonphenol S spectrophotometry GB/T223.60 Chemical analysis method for steel and alloys Determination of silicon content by

perchloric acid dehydration gravimetric method GB/T223.63 Chemical analysis method for steel and alloys Determination of

manganese content by sodium (potassium periodate) photometry GB /T223.68 Chemical analysis methods for steel and alloys Determination of sulfur

content by potassium iodate titration after combustion in tube furnaces GB/T223.69 Determination of carbon content of steel and

alloys by gas volume method after combustion in tube furnaces GB/T223.76 Chemical Analysis Methods for Steel and Alloys

Determination of Vanadium Content by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry GB/T223.78 Chemical Analysis Methods for Steel

and Alloys Determination of Boron Content by Curcumin Direct Photometry GB/T223.79 Determination of Multi-Element Contents of Steel and Steel by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (commo

GB/T223.84 Determination of titanium content in steel and alloys diantipyrine methane spectrophotometry GB/T228.1 Tensile test of

metallic materials Part 1: Room temperature test method GB/T229 Charpy pendulum impact test method of

metallic materials GB/T232 Bending test methods for metal materials GB/T247

General provisions for packaging, marking and quality certificates of

steel plates and steel strips GB/T702 Dimensions, shapes, weights and allowable deviations of hot-rolled

steel bars

GB/T706 Hot-rolled steel GB/T709

Dimensions, shapes, weights and tolerances of hot-rolled steel plates and strips

GB/T2101 General provisions for acceptance, packaging, marking and quality certificates of section steel
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GB/T1591—2018

GB/T2975—2018 Sampling location and sample preparation for mechanical property testing of steel and steel products

GB/T4336 Determination of multi-element content in carbon steel and medium-low alloy steel Spark discharge atomic emission spectrometry (conventional method)

GB/T5313 Thickness direction performance steel plate

GB/T8170 Numerical rounding rules and expression and determination of limit values

GB/T11263 Hot-rolled H-shaped steel and split T-shaped steel

GB/T14977 General requirements for surface quality of hot rolled steel plates

GB/T17505 General technical requirements for delivery of steel and steel products

GB/T20066 Methods for sampling and preparation of samples for determination of chemical composition of steel and iron

GB/T20123 Determination of total carbon and sulfur content in iron and steel - Post-combustion infrared absorption method in high-frequency induction furnace (conventional method)

GB/T20124 Determination of nitrogen content in steel - Inert gas melting thermal conductivity method (conventional method)

GB/T20125 Determination of multi-element content in low alloy steel by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

GB/T28300 Technical delivery conditions for surface quality grade of hot rolled bars and wire rods

YB/T4427 General requirements for surface quality of hot-rolled steel sections

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document.

3.1

Hot rolled as-rolled; AR or WAR The state of

steel without any special rolling and/or heat treatment.

3.2
3.2

normalized

A heat treatment process in which steel is heated to a suitable temperature above the phase transformation point and then cooled in air to a temperature below a certain phase

transformation point.

3.3

normalizingrolling

+N

The final deformation is carried out during the rolling process within a certain temperature range, so that the steel reaches a normalized state so that even after normalizing

The rolling process can also achieve the specified mechanical property values.

Note: For normalizing rolling, it is also called "controlled rolling" in some publications.

3.4

thermomechanical rollingthermomechanicalprocessed

The final deformation of the steel is carried out in a rolling process within a certain temperature range, thereby ensuring that the steel obtains properties that cannot be obtained through heat

treatment alone.

Note 1: Hot forming or post-weld heat treatment at temperatures above 580°C that may reduce the strength of the steel should not be applied. Flame straightening according to relevant technical specifications

is allowed to be applied.

Note 2: Thermomechanical rolling can include the process of increasing the cooling rate under tempering or without tempering. Tempering includes self-tempering but does not include direct quenching and quenching.

Tempering.

Note 3: Also called TMCP (thermomechanical control process), also called "controlled rolling" in some publications.

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GB/T1591—2018

4. How to express the brand number

4.1 The grade of steel consists of four parts: the first letter Q in Chinese pinyin representing the word "Qu" for yield strength, the specified minimum upper yield strength value, the delivery status

code, and the quality grade symbol (B, C, D, E, F) .

Note 1: When the delivery status is hot rolling, the delivery status code AR or WAR can be omitted; when the delivery status is normalizing or normalizing rolling status, the delivery status code is both

Represented by N.

Note 2: Q + specified minimum upper yield strength value + delivery status code, referred to as "steel grade".

Example: Q355ND. Among them: Q

————The first letter of the Chinese pinyin of the word "qu" of the yield strength of

steel; 355——The specified minimum upper yield strength value, in megapascals (MPa); N

——The delivery status is positive Fire or normalizing rolling;

D——The quality grade is D. 4.2 When

the purchaser requires the steel plate to have thickness-direction properties, a symbol representing the thickness-direction (Z-direction) performance level will be added after the above-mentioned

grade, such as: Q355NDZ25.

5 Order contents

5.1 Contracts or orders placed in accordance with this standard should include the following: a)

Standard number; b) Product

type; c) Steel grade (steel

grade + quality grade); d) Dimensions, shapes and allowable

 grade + quality grade); d) Dimensions, shapes and allowable

deviations (see Section 6 Chapter); e) Weight (or quantity) of delivery; f) All

required options (see 5.2).

5.2 After negotiation between the supplier and the buyer, and noted in the contract, the following content can be selected as the order content of this standard. If the buyer does not specify when

providing inquiry and order, the product will be supplied according to 5.1.

a) Carbon equivalent or welding crack sensitivity index (Pcm) (see 7.1.3, Table 6); b) Added alloy elements and

their contents (see 7.1.6, Table 1, Table 3, Table 5); c) Supply Lower limit of chemical composition of

commercial steel billet (see 7.1.8); d) Finished product analysis (see 7.1.9); e) Smelting

method (see 7.2); f) Impact test temperature

and impact test sampling direction (see

Table 11); g) Bending test (see 7.4.3); h) Steel properties in thickness direction (see 7.1.7,

7.4.1.4 and 9.2.3); i) Surface quality (see

7.5.1.5, 7.5.2.4, 7.5.3.2, 7.5.4.2); j) Non-destructive testing (see 7.6); k) Sampling position of

impact specimens (see 8.3).

6 Dimensions, appearance, weight

6.1 The size, shape, weight and allowable deviation of hot-rolled steel bars should comply with the regulations of GB/T702, and the specific group should be specified in the contract. 6.2

The size, shape, weight and allowable deviation of hot-rolled steel sections shall comply with the provisions of GB/T706, and the specific group shall be specified in the contract. 6.3 The

size, shape, weight and allowable deviation of hot-rolled steel plates and steel strips shall comply with the provisions of GB/T709. The specific accuracy categories shall be specified in the contract.
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GB/T1591—2018

Note. 6.4

The size, shape, weight and allowable deviation of hot-rolled H-shaped steel and split T-shaped steel shall comply with the provisions of GB/T11263. 6.5 Upon agreement

between the supplier and the buyer, steel materials with other sizes, shapes and allowable deviations can be supplied.

7 Technical requirements

7.1 Steel grades and chemical composition

7.1.1 The grade and chemical composition (smelting analysis) of hot-rolled steel should comply with the requirements in Table 1, and its carbon equivalent value should comply with the requirements

in Table 2. 7.1.2 The grade and chemical composition (smelting analysis) of normalized and normalized rolled steel shall comply with the provisions of Table 3, and its carbon equivalent value shall comply with the

provisions

of Table 4. 7.1.3 The grade and chemical composition (smelting analysis) of thermomechanically rolled steel shall comply with the provisions of Table 5, and its carbon equivalent value shall comply with the

provisions of Table 6. When the carbon content of thermomechanically rolled steel is not greater than 0.12%, the welding crack sensitivity index (Pcm) should be used instead of carbon equivalent to evaluate the

weldability of the steel. The Pcm value should comply with the provisions of Table 6. After negotiation between the supplier and the buyer, the carbon equivalent or the welding crack sensitivity index can be specified

to evaluate the weldability of the steel. When not specified, the supplier can choose either

one. 7.1.4 The carbon equivalent (CEV) is calculated from the melting analysis components according to formula (1), and the welding crack sensitivity index (Pcm) is calculated from the melting analysis components

according to formula (2):

CEV(%)=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15……………………(1)

Pcm(%)=C+Si/30+Mn/20+Cu/20+Ni/60+Cr/20+Mo/15+V/10+5B…………(2)

7.1.5 If the nitrogen content in the steel is guaranteed by the supplier, analysis is not required. 7.1.6 In

order to improve the performance of steel, alloying elements other than those specified in Table 1, Table 3 and Table 5 can be added to the steel through agreement between the supplier and the buyer. The alloying
elements and their contents should be indicated in the quality certificate.

7.1.7 When the purchaser requires steel plates with guaranteed thickness direction performance, the sulfur content shall comply with the provisions of GB/T5313. 7.1.8

When supplying commercial steel billets, in order to ensure that the mechanical properties of the steel comply with the provisions of this standard, the lower limits of the chemical composition of each element can be

determined by negotiation

between the supplier and the buyer. 7.1.9 When the purchaser requires the chemical composition analysis of the finished product, the finished product analysis shall be carried out, and the allowable deviation of the

chemical composition shall comply

with the provisions of GB/T222. 7.1.10 Please refer to Appendix A for comparison of domestic and foreign brands.

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GB/T1591—2018

Table 6 Carbon equivalent and welding crack sensitivity index of steel products delivered in thermo-mechanical rolling or thermo-mechanical rolling plus tempering state (based on melting analysis)

Trademark
Carbon equivalent CEV (mass fraction)/%

no greater than Weld crack susceptibility

Index Pcm (mass

Nominal thickness or diameter/mm
Steel grade quality level
>16~ >40~ >63~ >120~
ÿ16

aApplies to rods only.

7.2 Smelting methods

 7.2 Smelting methods

Steel is smelted in a converter or electric furnace, and can be refined outside the furnace if necessary. Unless the buyer has special requirements and indicates it in the contract, the smelting method shall be

It is generally left up to the supplier to choose.

7.3 Delivery status

Steel is delivered in hot rolled, normalized, normalized rolled or thermo-mechanically rolled (TMCP) condition.

Note: Normalizing state includes normalizing plus tempering state, and thermomechanical rolling (TMCP) state includes thermomechanical rolling (TMCP) plus tempering state.

7.4 Mechanical properties and process properties

7.4.1 Stretching

7.4.1.1 The tensile properties of hot-rolled steel shall comply with the provisions of Table 7 and Table 8.

7.4.1.2 The tensile properties of normalized and normalized rolled steel materials shall comply with the requirements in Table 9.

7.4.1.3 The tensile properties of thermomechanically rolled (TMCP) steel should comply with the requirements in Table 10.

7.4.1.4 According to the requirements of the purchaser and stated in the contract, when the thickness direction performance of the steel plate is required, the section shrinkage rate of the steel plate in the thickness direction shall be as follows:

The provisions of GB/T5313.

7.4.1.5 For steel plates and steel strips with a nominal width of not less than 600mm, the tensile test shall be conducted on transverse specimens; for other steel materials, the tensile test shall be conducted on longitudinal specimens.

to the sample.

7.4.2 Charpy (V-notch) impact

7.4.2.1 The test temperature and impact absorbed energy of the Charpy (V-notch) impact test of steel shall comply with the provisions of Table 11.

7.4.2.2 Steel materials with a nominal thickness of not less than 6 mm or a nominal diameter of not less than 12 mm shall be subjected to impact tests. The size of the impact specimen shall be

10mm×10mm×55mm standard specimen; when the steel is insufficient to prepare the standard specimen, 10mm×7.5mm×

10

40 63 120 150a

Q355M B,C,D,E,F 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.45 0.45 0.20

Q390M B,C,D,E 0.41 0.43 0.44 0.46 0.46 0.2

Q420M B,C,D,E 0.43 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.2

Q460M C, D, E 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.22

Q500M C, D, E 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.25

Q550M C, D, E 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.25

Q620M C, D, E 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.49 0.49 0.25

Q690M C, D, E 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.25

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GB/T1591—2018

For small-size specimens of 55mm or 10mm×5mm×55mm, the impact absorbed energy should be no less than 75% or more of the value specified in Table 11 respectively.

50%, larger size specimens should be used first.

Note: For section steel, the thickness refers to the thickness of the prepared specimen specified in GB/T2975.

Table 7 Tensile properties of hot rolled steel

upper yield strength R AH a/MPa tensile strength R m/

Trademark

not less than MPa

Nominal thickness or diameter/mm

quality
Steel grade >16~ >40~ >63~ >80~ >100~ >150~ >200~ >250~ >100~
grade ÿ16 ÿ100
40 63 80 100 150 200 250 400 150

—
B.C

520~ 500~
Q420c B, C 420 410 390 370 370 350 — — —
680 650

550~ 530~
Q460c C 460 450 430 410 410 390 — — —
720 700
 Q460c C 460 450 430 410 410 390 — — —
720 700

aWhen the yield is not obvious, the specified plastic extension strength can be used R p0.2 replaces the upper yield strength.
b
Only applicable to steel plates of quality grade D.

c is only applicable to steel sections and bars.

Table 8 Elongation of hot rolled steel

Elongation after break A /%

Trademark

not less than

Nominal thickness or diameter/mm

Steel grade quality grade
Sample directionÿ40 >40~63 >63~100 >100~150 >150~250 >250~400

17 17 17 —

aOnly applicable to steel plates with quality grade D.

b
Applicable to steel sections and bars only.

470~ 450~ 450~

Q355 355 345 335 325 315 295 285 275 450~
D 265b 630 600 600
600b

490~ 470~

Q390 B, C, D 390 380 360 340 340 320 — — —

650 620
portrait 20 18 17 17a
twenty two twenty one

Q355 B, C, D
Horizontal
20 19 18 18 17 17a

20 20 19
— —
portrait
twenty one

Q390 B, C, D
20 19 19 18
Horizontal — —

Q420b B, C vertical 20 19 19 19
— —

Q460b C portrait 18
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GB/T1591—2018

Table 11 Temperature and impact absorbed energy of Charpy (V-notch) impact test

Trademark Minimum value of impact absorbed energy at the following test temperatures KV 2/J

quality
20ÿ 0ÿ -20ÿ -40ÿ
Steel grade

grade Vertical horizontal vertical horizontal horizontal vertical horizontal vertical horizontal vertical horizontal

Q355, Q390,
B 34 27 — — — — — — — —
Q420

Q355, Q390,
C — — 34 27 — — — — — —
Q420, Q460

Q355, Q390 D — — — — 34a 27a — — — —

Q355N, Q390N,
Q420N B 34 27 — — — — — — — —

C — — 34 27 — — — — — —
Q355N, Q390N
 Q355M, Q390M,
Q420M B 34 27 — — — — — — — —

C — — 34 27 — — — — — —
Q355Mÿ

C — — 55 34 — — — — — —
Q500Mÿ
D — — — — 47b 27 — — — —
Q550M, Q620M
Q690M
E — — — — — — 31c 20c — —

When the purchaser does not specify the test temperature, normalized, normalized rolled and thermomechanically rolled C, D, E and F grade steels are tested at 0 ÿ, -20 ÿ, -40 ÿ, respectively.

-60ÿ impact.
Take longitudinal specimens for the impact test. After negotiation between the supplier and the buyer, transverse samples can also be taken.

aOnly applicable to Q355D steel plates with thickness greater than 250mm.
b
When specified by the purchaser, D-grade steel can be subjected to -30 ÿ impact test, and the impact absorption energy in the longitudinal direction shall not be less than 27J.

c When specified by the purchaser, E-grade steel can be subjected to -50 ÿ impact, and the impact absorption energy shall not be less than 27J in the longitudinal direction and 16J in the transverse direction.

7.4.3 Bending

7.4.3.1 According to the requirements of the purchaser, steel materials can be subjected to bending tests, and their indicators should comply with the provisions of Table 12.

7.4.3.2 If the supplier can guarantee that the bending test is qualified, inspection is not required.

14

D 55 31 47 27 40b 20 — — — —
Q420N, Q460N
E 63 40 55 34 47 27 31c 20c — —

Q355N F 63 40 55 34 47 27 31 20 27 16

Q390M, Q420M D 55 31 47 27 40b 20 — — ——

Q460M E 63 40 55 34 47 27 31c 20c — —

Q355M F 63 40 55 34 47 27 31 20 27 16
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GB/T1591—2018

Table 12 Bending test

180° bend test

D ——Diameter of bending indenter, a ———Thickness or diameter of specimen

Sample direction

Nominal thickness or diameter/mm

ÿ16

For steel plates and steel strips with a nominal width of not less than 600mm, the tensile test shall be conducted in the transverse direction.
D =2 a
For tensile tests on other steel materials, take longitudinal specimens.

7.5 Surface quality requirements

7.5.1 Steel plate

7.5.1.1 The surface of the steel plate should be free of bubbles, scars, cracks, folds, inclusions, and pressed-in iron oxide scale that would affect its use and other harmful defects. Steel plates should not have visible

delamination. 7.5.1.2 The surface of the steel

plate is allowed to have thin layers of iron oxide scale and rust that do not hinder the inspection of surface defects, as well as inconspicuous roughness, reticulation, pitting, scratches and other local defects caused by

pressing the iron oxide scale and rollers, but other local defects are allowed. The depth should not be greater than half the tolerance of the steel plate thickness, and the minimum allowable thickness of the steel plate should

be guaranteed. 7.5.1.3 Surface defects of the steel

plate are allowed to be removed by grinding and other methods. The cleaned area should be smooth and without edges and corners. The cleaning depth should not be greater than the negative deviation of the steel plate

thickness, and the minimum allowable thickness of the steel plate should be
ensured. 7.5.1.4 If there are defects on the surface of the steel plate that cannot be cleaned according to the provisions of 7.5.1.3, welding repair can be carried out after negotiation between the supplier and the buyer, and

the following requirements should be met:

a) Use appropriate welding methods; b) Use

appropriate methods such as flattening or grinding to completely remove harmful defects on the steel plate before welding repairs. The depth of the removed parts is within the steel plate.

Within 20% of the nominal thickness, the total grinding area on one side should be within 2% of the steel plate area;

c) There should be no undercut or overlap on the edge of the welded part of the steel plate. The stack height should be more than 1.5mm higher than the rolling surface, and then it should be leveled or ground with a shovel.

Remove the pile height in an equal

manner; d) The heat-treated steel plate should be heat-treated again after welding and repair.

7.5.1.5 After negotiation between the supplier and the buyer, the surface quality of the steel plate can also comply with the regulations of GB/T14977.

7.5.2 Steel strips and sheared steel plates

7.5.2.1 The surface of the steel strip should not have any defects harmful to use such as scars, cracks, folds, inclusions, bubbles, and intrusion of iron oxide scale. The steel strip shall have no visible

delamination. 7.5.2.2 The surface of

the steel strip is allowed to have local defects such as thin layers of iron oxide scale, rust, slight pitting, scratches, etc. that do not affect the use. The depth or height shall not exceed half of the thickness

tolerance of the steel strip, and the allowable thickness of the steel strip shall be ensured. Minimum thickness. 7.5.2.3 The steel

strip is allowed to be delivered with local defects, but the defective part should not exceed 6% of the total length of each coil of steel strip. 7.5.2.4 After negotiation

between the supplier and the buyer, the surface quality of the steel strip can also meet the requirements of GB/T14977.

7.5.3 Section steel

7.5.3.1 The surface quality of section steel shall comply with relevant standards. 7.5.3.2 After

negotiation between the supplier and the buyer, the surface quality of the section steel can also comply with the provisions of YB/T4427.
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GB/T1591—2018

7.5.4 Steel rods

7.5.4.1 The surface quality of steel rods should comply with relevant standards. 7.5.4.2

After negotiation between the supplier and the buyer, the surface quality of steel rods can comply with the regulations of GB/T28300.

7.6 Non-destructive testing

After negotiation between the supply and demand parties, non-destructive testing methods can be used to test the internal quality of steel, and the testing standards and requirements should be stipulated in

the contract.

8 Test methods

8.1 The inspection items and test methods for various inspections of steel products shall comply with

the provisions of Table 13. 8.2 The chemical composition test of steel is generally carried out in accordance with GB/T4336, GB/T20123, GB/T20124, GB/T20125

or general chemical analysis methods. The arbitration shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 223.3, GB/T 223.9, GB/T 223.11, GB /T 223.14ÿGB/T 223.17ÿ

GB/T223.18, GB/T223.23, GB/T223.26, GB/T223.37, GB/T223.40, GB/T223.60, GB/T223.63,

GB/T223.68, GB/T223.69, GB/T223.76, GB/T223.78, GB/T223.84 and GB/T20125. 8.3 When the purchaser has no special requirements, the sampling

position of the impact test shall be as follows:

a) For section steel, follow the provisions of Figure A.3 of GB/T2975-2018; b) For

round steel, when the nominal diameter d ÿ25 mm, 25 mm< d ÿ50 mm and d >50 mm, press respectively

The provisions of a), b) and d) in Figure A.5 of GB/T2975-2018;

c) For square steel, when the side length is not greater than 50 mm, according to the provisions of a) in Figure A.9 of GB/T2975-2018, when the side length is greater than
 c) For square steel, when the side length is not greater than 50 mm, according to the provisions of a) in Figure A.9 of GB/T2975-2018, when the side length is greater than

50mm, according to b) in Figure A.9 of GB/T2975-2018;

d) For steel plates, when the nominal thickness is not greater than 40mm, according to the provisions of a) in Figure A.11 of GB/T2975-2018, when the nominal thickness

When the thickness is greater than 40mm, follow the provisions of b) in Figure A.11 of GB/T2975-2018.

9 Inspection rules

9.1 Inspection and acceptance

The inspection and acceptance of steel materials are carried out by the supplier's technical supervision department.

9.2 Batch grouping rules

9.2.1 Steel products shall be accepted in batches. Each batch should be composed of steel of the same brand, heat number, specification, and delivery status. The weight of each batch should not exceed 60t,

but steel strips and continuous-rolled plates with a coil weight greater than 30t can be composed of two rolled coils. One batch; for steel sections smelted in a converter with a volume greater than 200t, the

weight of each batch shall not exceed 80t. After negotiation between the supply and demand parties, 2 batches per furnace can be inspected.

9.2.2 Q355B grade steel allows the same brand, the same smelting and pouring method, the same specifications, the same production process system, the same delivery status or the same heat

treatment system, and different furnace numbers to form mixed batches, but each batch shall not exceed 6 furnaces. No., and the difference in carbon content of each furnace number is not more

than 0.02%, and the difference in Mn content is not more than

0.15%. 9.2.3 For steel materials that require mechanical property testing in the thickness direction, the batching rules should comply with the provisions of GB/T5313.

9.3 Sampling quantity

The sampling locations and sampling quantities of each batch of steel are shown in Table 13.

16
Machine Translated by Google

GB/T1591—2018

Table 13 Steel inspection items, sampling quantity, sampling method and test method

Serial number inspection items Sampling quantity Sampling parts and methods

1 chemical composition 1 piece/furnace GB/T20066

2 Stretching test 1 piece/batch One end of steel, GB/T2975-2018 GB/T228.1

3 Bending test 1 piece/batch One end of steel, GB/T2975-2018

4 Impact test 3 pieces/batch One end of steel, see 8.3

5 Thickness direction performance test 3 pieces/batch GB/T5313 GB/T5313

—
6 Non-destructive inspection One by one (volume, root, branch)

—
7 size, shape One by one (volume, root, branch) Measuring tools with corresponding accuracy

—
8 Surface Quality One by one (volume, root, branch)

9.4 Re-inspection and judgment rules

The re-inspection and judgment of steel should comply with the provisions of GB/T17505.

9.5 Numerical rounding

The numerical judgment adopts the rounding value comparison method, and the numerical rounding is carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T8170.
10 Packaging, marking and quality certificates

If there are no special requirements, the packaging, marking and quality certificate of steel should comply with the regulations of GB/T247 or GB/T2101.
Machine Translated by Google

GB/T1591—2018

Appendix A

(Informative appendix)

Comparison table of domestic and foreign standard grades

For a comparison of domestic and foreign standard grades, see Table A.1.

Table A.1 Comparison of domestic and foreign standard brands

ISO630-2: ISO630-3: EN10025-2: EN10025-3:

This standard GB/T1591—2008
2011 2012 2004 2004

— —
Q355B(AR) Q345B(hot rolled) S355B S355JR

— —
Q355C(AR) Q345C (hot rolled) S355C S355J0

— —
Q355D(AR) Q345D(hot rolled) S355D S355J2

— — — —
Q355NB Q345B (normalizing/normalizing rolling)

— — — —
Q355NC Q345C (normalizing/normalizing rolling)

—
Q355ND Q345D (normalizing/normalizing rolling) — S355ND S355N

— —
Q355NE Q345E (normalizing/normalizing rolling) S355NE S355NL

— — — — —
Q355NF

— — — —
 — — — —
Q355MB Q345B(TMCP)

— — — —
Q355MC Q345C(TMCP)

— — —
Q355MD Q345D(TMCP) S355MD

— — —
Q355ME Q345E(TMCP) S355ME

— — — — —
Q355MF

— — — —
Q390B(AR) Q390B(hot rolled)

— — — —
Q390C(AR) Q390C(hot rolled)

— — — —
Q390D(AR) Q390D(hot rolled)

— — — —
Q390NB Q390B (normalizing/normalizing rolling)

— — — —
Q390NC Q390C (normalizing/normalizing rolling)

— — —
Q390ND Q390D (normalizing/normalizing rolling) —

— — — —
Q390NE Q390E (normalizing/normalizing rolling)

— — — —
Q390MB Q390B(TMCP)

— — — —
Q390MC Q390C(TMCP)

— — — —
Q390MD Q390D(TMCP)

— — — —
Q390ME Q390E(TMCP)

— — — —
Q420B(AR) Q420B(hot rolled)

— — — —
Q420C(AR) Q420C (hot rolled)

— — — —
Q420NB Q420B (normalizing/normalizing rolling)

— — — —
Q420NC Q420C (normalizing/normalizing rolling)

18
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GB/T1591—2018

Table A.1 (continued)

ISO630-2: ISO630-3: EN10025-2: EN10025-3:

This standard GB/T1591—2008
2011 2012 2004 2004

—
Q420ND Q420D (normalizing/normalizing rolling) — S420ND S420N

— —
Q420NE Q420E (normalizing/normalizing rolling) S420NE S420NL

— — — —
Q420MB Q420B(TMCP)

— — — —
Q420MC Q420C(TMCP)

— — —
Q420MD Q420D(TMCP) S420MD

— — —
Q420ME Q420E(TMCP) S420ME

— —
Q460C(AR) Q460C(hot rolled) S450C S450J0

— — — —
Q460NC Q460C (normalizing/normalizing rolling)

—
Q460ND Q460D (normalizing/normalizing rolling) — S460ND S460N

— —
Q460NE Q460E (normalizing/normalizing rolling) S460NE S460NL

— — — —
Q460MC Q460C(TMCP)

— — —
Q460MD Q460D(TMCP) S460MD

— — —
Q460ME Q460E(TMCP) S460ME

— — — —
Q500MC Q500C(TMCP)
Q500MC Q500C(TMCP)

— — — —
Q500MD Q500D(TMCP)

— — — —
Q500ME Q500E(TMCP)

— — — —
Q550MC Q550C(TMCP)

— — — —
Q550MD Q550D(TMCP)

— — — —
Q550ME Q550E(TMCP)

— — — —
Q620MC Q620C(TMCP)

— — — —
Q620MD Q620D(TMCP)

— — — —
Q620ME Q620E(TMCP)

— — — —
Q690MC Q690C(TMCP)

— — — —
Q690MD Q690D(TMCP)

— — — —
Q690ME Q690E(TMCP)
ublic of China
GB/T1591-2018 replaces
GB/T1591-2008
2019-02-01 Implementation
…………… ÿ

………… 1
……………… 1
…………………………… 2

……………………… 3
…………………… 3
…………………… 3

……………………………… 4
………………… 16
……………………… 16

…………… 17
………………………………… 18
 GB/T1591—2018

s, except for editorial modifications,

nd "normalizing" are added (see Chapter 3,

Specify

008 version 6.1); --- Specify the

ength, and its index will increase accordingly.

hapter 9, 2008 edition 6.5) Chapter 7,

mation Standards Research Institute,

ranch, Yingkou Medium Vehicle Steel New

hang Lingtong, Zhao Xinhua, Li

ÿ
 GB/T1591—2018

on rules, packaging, marking and

ng. Its chemical composition is also

cle.

dic acid
on of sulfur

and Steel by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (common law)

1
n spectrometry (conventional method)

tional method)

pectrometry
a temperature below a certain phase

rmalized state so that even after normalizing

hat cannot be obtained through heat

ng to relevant technical specifications

s not include direct quenching and quenching.

 GB/T1591—2018

upper yield strength value, the delivery status

olling status, the delivery status code is both

e level will be added after the above-mentioned

s standard. If the buyer does not specify when

hould be specified in the contract. 6.2

l be specified in the contract. 6.3 The

racy categories shall be specified in the contract.

3
 . 6.5 Upon agreement

should comply with the requirements

nd its carbon equivalent value shall comply with the

arbon equivalent value shall comply with the

sed instead of carbon equivalent to evaluate the

the welding crack sensitivity index can be specified

is calculated from the melting analysis components

pplier and the buyer. The alloying

mposition of each element can be

and the allowable deviation of the

plus tempering state (based on melting analysis)

Weld crack susceptibility

Index Pcm (mass

Fraction)/%

no greater than
dicates it in the contract, the smelting method shall be

plus tempering state.

te of the steel plate in the thickness direction shall be as follows:

le test shall be conducted on longitudinal specimens.

sts. The size of the impact specimen shall be

 GB/T1591—2018

ue specified in Table 11 respectively.

tensile strength R m/

MPa

>150~ >250~
250 400

—
—

—
—

—
—

11
est

-60ÿ

horizontal vertical horizontal

 20c — —

tested at 0 ÿ, -20 ÿ, -40 ÿ, respectively.

nsverse direction.
 GB/T1591—2018

indenter, a ———Thickness or diameter of specimen

al thickness or diameter/mm

>16~100

D =3 a

Steel plates should not have visible

es and other local defects caused by

llowable thickness of the steel plate should

the negative deviation of the steel plate

n between the supplier and the buyer, and

ved parts is within the steel plate.

and then it should be leveled or ground with a shovel.

The steel strip shall have no visible

ht shall not exceed half of the thickness

15
 g standards and requirements should be stipulated in

GB/T20123, GB/T20124, GB/T20125

223.11, GB /T 223.14ÿGB/T 223.17ÿ

equirements, the sampling

>50 mm, press respectively

5-2018, when the side length is greater than

5-2018, when the side length is greater than

B/T2975-2018, when the nominal thickness

weight of each batch should not exceed 60t,

erter with a volume greater than 200t, the

stem, the same delivery status or the same heat

rbon content of each furnace number is not more

ions of GB/T5313.
GB/T1591—2018

experiment method

See 8.2

GB/T228.1

GB/T232

GB/T229

GB/T5313

Negotiation between both parties

Measuring tools with corresponding accuracy

Visual inspection and measurement

or GB/T2101.

17
EN10025-4:

2004

—
 —

S355M

S355ML

—
GB/T1591—2018

EN10025-4:

2004

S420M

S420ML

S460M

S460ML

—
—

—
Machine Translated by Google

ICS77.140.01
H 40

中华人民共和国国家标准
GB/T1591-2018 取代
国标 GB/T1591-2008

低合金高强度结构钢

高强度低合金结构钢
发布于 2018-05-14 2019-02-01 实施

国家市场监督管理总局
释放
中国国家标准化管理委员会
机器翻译 谷歌

GB/T1591—2018

目录

前言………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ÿ

1 范围………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
2 规范性引用文献…………………………………………………………………………………… 1
3 术语和定义………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2

4 如何标示等级……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
5 订单内容………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
6 外形尺寸、外观、重量…………………………………………………………………………………… 3

7 技术要求………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4
8 测试方法………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16
9 检验规则………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16

10 包装、标志和质量证书……………………………………………………………… 17
附录 A （资料性附录）国内外标准牌号对照表…………………………………………………… 18
机器翻译 谷歌

GB/T1591—2018

前言

This standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009. This

standard replaces GB/T1591-2008 "Low Alloy High Strength Structural Steel". Compared with GB/T1591-2008, the main technical changes, except for editorial modifications,

are as follows: --- Clarified that the

chemical composition of this standard also applies to steel billets (see Chapter 1, Chapter 1 of the 2008 edition); --- Modifications

The definitions of the terms "thermal mechanical rolling" and "normalizing rolling" are added, and the terms and definitions of "hot rolling" and "normalizing" are added (see Chapter 3,

Chapter 3 of the 2008

edition); --- Modified the method of indicating the grade (see Chapter 4, Chapter 4 of the 2008

edition); --- Added ordering content (see Chapter 5); ---

Clarified the size and appearance , weight and allowable deviation requirements (see Chapter 6, Chapter 5 of the 2008 edition);

— Replace Q345 steel grade with Q355 steel grade and related requirements (see Chapter 7, 9.2, Chapter 6, 8.2 of the 2008 edition); --- Specify

the chemical composition of each grade according to different delivery status, and modify the content of grain-refining elements (see 7.1, 2008 version 6.1); --- Specify the

mechanical properties of each grade according to different delivery status, and modify Modify the lower yield strength to the upper yield strength, and its index will increase accordingly.

10MPa~15MPa (see 7.4.1, 7.4.2, 2008 edition 6.4.1, 6.4.2);

---Refined steel surface quality requirements (see 7.5, 2008 edition 6.5); ---

Modified the test methods and inspection rules, and clarified the sampling locations for impact tests (see Chapter 8, Chapter 9, 2008 edition 6.5) Chapter 7,

Chapter 8);
 Chapter 8);

--- Added a comparison table between this standard brand and foreign standard brands (see Appendix

A). This standard is proposed by the China Iron and Steel

Industry Association. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Steel Standardization

Technical Committee (SAC/TC183). This standard was drafted by: Anshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Research Institute,

Shougang Corporation, Hegang Co., Ltd. Tangshan Branch, Xiwang Special Steel Co., Ltd., Shandong Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. Laiwu Branch, Yingkou Medium Vehicle Steel New

Materials Co., Ltd., CITIC Metal Co., Ltd.

The main drafters of this standard: Liu Xuyuan, Pu Zhimin, Luan Yan, Dai Qiang, Shi Li, Shen Qinyi, Deng Cuiqing, Zhang Lingtong, Zhao Xinhua, Li

Wenwu, Wang Houxin, Zhang

Chenglian, Gao Yan. The previous versions of the standards

replaced by this standard are: ———GB1591-1979, GB1591-1988, GB/T1591-1994, GB/T1591-2008.

机器翻译 谷歌

GB/T1591—2018

低合金高强度结构钢

1 Scope

This standard specifies the grade expression method, ordering content, size, shape, weight, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packaging, marking and

quality certificates of low-alloy high-strength structural steel. This

standard applies to low-alloy high-strength structural steel plates, steel strips, sections, steel rods, etc. for general structures and engineering. Its chemical composition is also

suitable for steel billets.

2 Normative reference documents

The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this article.

pieces. For undated referenced documents, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.

GB/T222 Allowable deviations in chemical composition of finished steel products

GB/T223.3 Methods for chemical analysis of steel and alloys Determination of phosphorus content by diantipyrine methane phosphomolybdic acid

gravimetric method GB/T223.9 Determination of aluminum content in steel and alloys Chromium Azure S

spectrophotometry GB/T223.11 Steel Determination of chromium content of steel and alloys by visual titration or

potentiometric titration GB/T223.14 Chemical analysis methods for steel and alloys Determination of vanadium content by tantalum
potentiometric titration GB/T223.14 Chemical analysis methods for steel and alloys Determination of vanadium content by tantalum

reagent extraction photometry GB/T223.17 Chemical analysis methods for steel and alloys diantipyrine methane photometry Method for

determination of titanium content GB/T223.18 Method for chemical analysis of steel and alloys Sodium thiosulfate separation-iodometric

method for determination of copper content GB/T223.23 Determination of nickel content of steel and alloys diacetyl

oxime spectrophotometric method GB/T223. 26 Determination of molybdenum content in steel and alloys Thiocyanate

spectrophotometry GB/T223.37 Chemical analysis method of steel and alloys Distillation and separation-Indophenol blue photometry

method Determination of nitrogen content GB/T223.40 Determination of niobium content in steel and alloys Chlorine

Sulfonphenol S spectrophotometry GB/T223.60 Chemical analysis method for steel and alloys Determination of silicon content by

perchloric acid dehydration gravimetric method GB/T223.63 Chemical analysis method for steel and alloys Determination of

manganese content by sodium (potassium periodate) photometry GB /T223.68 Chemical analysis methods for steel and alloys Determination of sulfur

content by potassium iodate titration after combustion in tube furnaces GB/T223.69 Determination of carbon content of steel and

alloys by gas volume method after combustion in tube furnaces GB/T223.76 Chemical Analysis Methods for Steel and Alloys

Determination of Vanadium Content by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry GB/T223.78 Chemical Analysis Methods for Steel

and Alloys Determination of Boron Content by Curcumin Direct Photometry GB/T223.79 Determination of Multi-Element Contents of Steel and Steel by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (common law)

GB/T223.84 Determination of titanium content in steel and alloys diantipyrine methane spectrophotometry GB/T228.1 Tensile test of

metallic materials Part 1: Room temperature test method GB/T229 Charpy pendulum impact test method of

metallic materials GB/T232 Bending test methods for metal materials GB/T247

General provisions for packaging, marking and quality certificates of

steel plates and steel strips GB/T702 Dimensions, shapes, weights and allowable deviations of hot-rolled

steel bars

GB/T706 Hot-rolled steel GB/T709

Dimensions, shapes, weights and tolerances of hot-rolled steel plates and strips

GB/T2101 General provisions for acceptance, packaging, marking and quality certificates of section steel
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GB/T1591—2018

GB/T2975—2018 Sampling location and sample preparation for mechanical property testing of steel and steel products

GB/T4336 Determination of multi-element content in carbon steel and medium-low alloy steel Spark discharge atomic emission spectrometry (conventional method)

GB/T5313 Thickness direction performance steel plate

GB/T8170 Numerical rounding rules and expression and determination of limit values

GB/T11263 Hot-rolled H-shaped steel and split T-shaped steel

GB/T14977 General requirements for surface quality of hot rolled steel plates

GB/T17505 General technical requirements for delivery of steel and steel products

GB/T20066 Methods for sampling and preparation of samples for determination of chemical composition of steel and iron

GB/T20123 Determination of total carbon and sulfur content in iron and steel - Post-combustion infrared absorption method in high-frequency induction furnace (conventional method)

GB/T20124 Determination of nitrogen content in steel - Inert gas melting thermal conductivity method (conventional method)

GB/T20125 Determination of multi-element content in low alloy steel by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

GB/T28300 Technical delivery conditions for surface quality grade of hot rolled bars and wire rods

YB/T4427 General requirements for surface quality of hot-rolled steel sections

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document.

3.1

Hot rolled as-rolled; AR or WAR The state of

steel without any special rolling and/or heat treatment.

3.2
3.2

normalized

A heat treatment process in which steel is heated to a suitable temperature above the phase transformation point and then cooled in air to a temperature below a certain phase

transformation point.

3.3

normalizingrolling

+N

The final deformation is carried out during the rolling process within a certain temperature range, so that the steel reaches a normalized state so that even after normalizing

The rolling process can also achieve the specified mechanical property values.

Note: For normalizing rolling, it is also called "controlled rolling" in some publications.

3.4

thermomechanical rollingthermomechanicalprocessed

The final deformation of the steel is carried out in a rolling process within a certain temperature range, thereby ensuring that the steel obtains properties that cannot be obtained through heat

treatment alone.

Note 1: Hot forming or post-weld heat treatment at temperatures above 580°C that may reduce the strength of the steel should not be applied. Flame straightening according to relevant technical specifications

is allowed to be applied.

Note 2: Thermomechanical rolling can include the process of increasing the cooling rate under tempering or without tempering. Tempering includes self-tempering but does not include direct quenching and quenching.

Tempering.

Note 3: Also called TMCP (thermomechanical control process), also called "controlled rolling" in some publications.

2
机器翻译 谷歌

GB/T1591—2018

4. How to express the brand number

4.1 The grade of steel consists of four parts: the first letter Q in Chinese pinyin representing the word "Qu" for yield strength, the specified minimum upper yield strength value, the delivery status

code, and the quality grade symbol (B, C, D, E, F) .

Note 1: When the delivery status is hot rolling, the delivery status code AR or WAR can be omitted; when the delivery status is normalizing or normalizing rolling status, the delivery status code is both

Represented by N.

Note 2: Q + specified minimum upper yield strength value + delivery status code, referred to as "steel grade".

Example: Q355ND. Among them: Q

————The first letter of the Chinese pinyin of the word "qu" of the yield strength of

steel; 355——The specified minimum upper yield strength value, in megapascals (MPa); N

——The delivery status is positive Fire or normalizing rolling;

D——The quality grade is D. 4.2 When

the purchaser requires the steel plate to have thickness-direction properties, a symbol representing the thickness-direction (Z-direction) performance level will be added after the above-mentioned

grade, such as: Q355NDZ25.

5 Order contents

5.1 Contracts or orders placed in accordance with this standard should include the following: a)

Standard number; b) Product

type; c) Steel grade (steel

grade + quality grade); d) Dimensions, shapes and allowable

 grade + quality grade); d) Dimensions, shapes and allowable

deviations (see Section 6 Chapter); e) Weight (or quantity) of delivery; f) All

required options (see 5.2).

5.2 After negotiation between the supplier and the buyer, and noted in the contract, the following content can be selected as the order content of this standard. If the buyer does not specify when

providing inquiry and order, the product will be supplied according to 5.1.

a) Carbon equivalent or welding crack sensitivity index (Pcm) (see 7.1.3, Table 6); b) Added alloy elements and

their contents (see 7.1.6, Table 1, Table 3, Table 5); c) Supply Lower limit of chemical composition of

commercial steel billet (see 7.1.8); d) Finished product analysis (see 7.1.9); e) Smelting

method (see 7.2); f) Impact test temperature

and impact test sampling direction (see

Table 11); g) Bending test (see 7.4.3); h) Steel properties in thickness direction (see 7.1.7,

7.4.1.4 and 9.2.3); i) Surface quality (see

7.5.1.5, 7.5.2.4, 7.5.3.2, 7.5.4.2); j) Non-destructive testing (see 7.6); k) Sampling position of

impact specimens (see 8.3).

6 Dimensions, appearance, weight

6.1 The size, shape, weight and allowable deviation of hot-rolled steel bars should comply with the regulations of GB/T702, and the specific group should be specified in the contract. 6.2

The size, shape, weight and allowable deviation of hot-rolled steel sections shall comply with the provisions of GB/T706, and the specific group shall be specified in the contract. 6.3 The

size, shape, weight and allowable deviation of hot-rolled steel plates and steel strips shall comply with the provisions of GB/T709. The specific accuracy categories shall be specified in the contract.
机器翻译 谷歌

GB/T1591—2018

Note. 6.4

The size, shape, weight and allowable deviation of hot-rolled H-shaped steel and split T-shaped steel shall comply with the provisions of GB/T11263. 6.5 Upon agreement

between the supplier and the buyer, steel materials with other sizes, shapes and allowable deviations can be supplied.

7 Technical requirements

7.1 Steel grades and chemical composition

7.1.1 The grade and chemical composition (smelting analysis) of hot-rolled steel should comply with the requirements in Table 1, and its carbon equivalent value should comply with the requirements

in Table 2. 7.1.2 The grade and chemical composition (smelting analysis) of normalized and normalized rolled steel shall comply with the provisions of Table 3, and its carbon equivalent value shall comply with the

provisions

of Table 4. 7.1.3 The grade and chemical composition (smelting analysis) of thermomechanically rolled steel shall comply with the provisions of Table 5, and its carbon equivalent value shall comply with the

provisions of Table 6. When the carbon content of thermomechanically rolled steel is not greater than 0.12%, the welding crack sensitivity index (Pcm) should be used instead of carbon equivalent to evaluate the

weldability of the steel. The Pcm value should comply with the provisions of Table 6. After negotiation between the supplier and the buyer, the carbon equivalent or the welding crack sensitivity index can be specified

to evaluate the weldability of the steel. When not specified, the supplier can choose either

one. 7.1.4 The carbon equivalent (CEV) is calculated from the melting analysis components according to formula (1), and the welding crack sensitivity index (Pcm) is calculated from the melting analysis components

according to formula (2):

CEV(%)=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15……………………(1)

Pcm(%)=C+Si/30+Mn/20+Cu/20+Ni/60+Cr/20+Mo/15+V/10+5B…………(2)

7.1.5 If the nitrogen content in the steel is guaranteed by the supplier, analysis is not required. 7.1.6 In

order to improve the performance of steel, alloying elements other than those specified in Table 1, Table 3 and Table 5 can be added to the steel through agreement between the supplier and the buyer. The alloying
elements and their contents should be indicated in the quality certificate.

7.1.7 When the purchaser requires steel plates with guaranteed thickness direction performance, the sulfur content shall comply with the provisions of GB/T5313. 7.1.8

When supplying commercial steel billets, in order to ensure that the mechanical properties of the steel comply with the provisions of this standard, the lower limits of the chemical composition of each element can be

determined by negotiation

between the supplier and the buyer. 7.1.9 When the purchaser requires the chemical composition analysis of the finished product, the finished product analysis shall be carried out, and the allowable deviation of the

chemical composition shall comply

with the provisions of GB/T222. 7.1.10 Please refer to Appendix A for comparison of domestic and foreign brands.

4
机器翻译 谷歌
机器翻译 谷歌
机器翻译 谷歌
机器翻译 谷歌
机器翻译 谷歌
机器翻译 谷歌

GB/T1591—2018

表 6 热机械轧制或热机械轧制加回火状态下交货的钢铁产品的碳当量和焊接裂纹敏感性指数（基于熔炼分析）

商标
碳当量 CEV （质量分数） /%

不大于 焊缝裂纹敏感性

Index Pcm (mass

公称厚度或直径 /mm
Steel grade 质量水平 指数 Pcm （质量
>16~ >40~ >63~ >120~ 分数） /%
ÿ16

a 仅适用于鱼竿。

7.2 冶炼方法
 7.2 冶炼方法

钢在转炉或电炉中冶炼，必要时可在炉外精炼。除非买方有特殊要求并在合同中注明，冶炼方法应为

通常由供应商选择。

7.3 交货状态

钢材以热轧、正火、正火轧制或热机械轧制 （ TMCP ） 状态交付。

注：正火状态包括正火加回火状态，热机械轧制（ TMCP ）状态包括热机械轧制（ TMCP ）加回火状态。

7.4 机械性能和工艺性能

7.4.1 伸展

7.4.1.1 热轧钢的抗拉性能应符合表 7 和表 8 的规定。

7.4.1.2 正火和正火轧钢材料的拉伸性能应符合表 9 的要求。

7.4.1.3 热机械轧制（ TMCP ）钢的拉伸性能应符合表 10 的要求。

7.4.1.4 根据买方的要求和合同中的规定，当要求钢板的厚度方向性能时，钢板在厚度方向上的截面收缩率应如下：

GB/T5313 的规定。

7.4.1.5 公称宽度不小于 600mm 的钢板、钢带，应在横向试样上进行拉伸试验 ; 对于其他钢材，应在纵向试样上进行拉伸试验。

到样品。

7.4.2 简支梁（ V 型缺口）冲击

7.4.2.1 钢的简支梁（ V 型缺口）冲击试验的试验温度和冲击吸收能量应符合表 11 的规定。

7.4.2.2 公称厚度不小于 6 毫米或公称直径不小于 12 毫米的钢材料应进行冲击试验。冲击试样的尺寸应为

10mm×10mm×55mm 标准试样 ; 当钢材不足以制备标准试样时， 10mm×7.5mm×

10

40 63 120 150a

Q355M B,C,D,E,F 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.45 0.45 0.20

Q390M B,C,D,E 0.41 0.43 0.44 0.46 0.46 0.2

Q420M B,C,D,E 0.43 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.2

Q460M C, D, E 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.22

Q500M C, D, E 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.25

Q550M C, D, E 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.25

Q620M C, D, E 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.49 0.49 0.25

Q690M C, D, E 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.25

机器翻译 谷歌

GB/T1591—2018

对于 55mm 或 10mm×5mm×55mm 的小尺寸试样，冲击吸收能量应分别不小于表 11 规定值的 75% 或以上。

50% ，应首先使用较大尺寸的试样。

注：型钢的厚度是指 GB/T2975 规定的配制试样的厚度。

表 7 热轧钢的拉伸性能

上屈服强度 R AH a/MPa 抗拉强度 R m/MPa

商标

不少于

公称厚度或直径 /mm
质量
钢级 >16~ >40~ >63~ >80~ >100~ >150~ >200~ >250~ >100~
年级 ÿ16 ÿ100
40 63 80 100 150 200 250 400 150

—
B.C

520~ 500~
Q420c B, C 420 410 390 370 370 350 — — —
680 650

550~ 530~
Q460c C 460 450 430 410 410 390 — — —
720 700
 Q460c C 460 450 430 410 410 390 — — —
720 700

a 当屈服不明显时，可用规定的塑性延伸强度 R p0.2 代替上屈服强度。

b
仅适用于质量等级为 D 级的钢板。

c 仅适用于钢型材和棒材。

表 8 热轧钢的伸长率

断裂伸长率 A /%
商标

不少于

公称厚度或直径 /mm
钢级 质量等级
样品方向 ÿ40 >40~63 >63~100 >100~150 >150~250 >250~400

17 17 17 —

a 仅适用于质量等级为 D 级的钢板。
b
仅适用于钢型材和棒材。

470~ 450~ 450~

Q355 355 345 335 325 315 295 285 275 450~
D 265b 630 600 600
600b

490~ 470~
Q390 B, C, D 390 380 360 340 340 320 — — —
650 620

肖像 二十二 二十一
20 18 17 17a
Q355 B, C, D
水平 20 19 18 18 17 17a

肖像 二十一
20 20 19 — —

Q390 B, C, D
水平 20 19 19 18 — —

Q420b B, C 垂直 20 19 19 19 — —

Q460b C 肖像 18
机器翻译 谷歌
机器翻译 谷歌
机器翻译 谷歌

GB/T1591—2018

表 11 简支梁（ V 型缺口）冲击试验的温度和冲击吸收能量

商标 以下测试温度下冲击吸收能量的最小值 KV 2/J

20ÿ 0ÿ -20ÿ -40ÿ

质量
钢级

年级 垂直 水平 垂直 水平 水平 垂直 水平 垂直 水平

Q355, Q390,
B 34 27 — — — — — — — —
Q420

Q355, Q390,
C — — 34 27 — — — — — —
Q420, Q460

Q355, Q390 D — — — — 34a 27a — — — —

Q355N, Q390N,
B 34 27 — — — — — — — —
Q420N

C — — 34 27 — — — — — —
Q355N, Q390N
 Q355M, Q390M,
Q420M B 34 27 — — — — — — — —

C — — 34 27 — — — — — —
Q355Mÿ

C — — 55 34 — — — — — —
Q500Mÿ
D — — — — 47b 27 — — — —
Q550M, Q620M
Q690M
E — — — — — — 31c 20c — —

当买方未指定测试温度时，正火、正火轧制和热机械轧制 C 、 D 、 E 和 F 级钢分别在 0 ÿ 、 -20 ÿ 、 -40 ÿ 下进行测试。

-60ÿ 影响。
取纵向试样进行冲击试验。经供需双方协商，也可进行横向取样。

a 仅适用于厚度大于 250mm 的 Q355D 钢板。

b
经采购方规定时， D 级钢可经受 -30° 冲击试验，纵向冲击吸收能量不小于 27J 。

c 经买方规定时， E 级钢可承受 -50° 冲击，纵向冲击吸收能量不小于 27J ，横向不小于 16J 。

7.4.3 弯曲

7.4.3.1 根据采购方的要求，钢材可进行弯曲试验，其各项指标应符合表 12 的规定。

7.4.3.2 如果供应商能保证弯曲试验合格，则无需检验。

14

D 55 31 47 27 40b 20 — — — —
Q420N, Q460N
E 63 40 55 34 47 27 31c 20c — —

Q355N F 63 40 55 34 47 27 31 20 27 16

Q390M, Q420M D 55 31 47 27 40b 20 — — ——

Q460M E 63 40 55 34 47 27 31c 20c — —

Q355M F 63 40 55 34 47 27 31 20 27 16
机器翻译 谷歌

GB/T1591—2018

表 12 弯曲试验

180° 弯曲试验
D—— 弯曲压头直径， a ——— 试样的厚度或直径

样品方向

公称厚度或直径 /mm

ÿ16

对于公称宽度不小于 600mm 的钢板和钢带，应在横向进行拉伸试验。

D =2 a
对于其他钢材的拉伸试验，请取纵向试样。

7.5 表面质量要求

7.5.1 钢板

7.5.1.1 钢板表面应无气泡、疤痕、裂纹、褶皱、夹杂物、压入氧化铁垢等影响其使用等有害缺陷。钢板不应有可见

分层。 7.5.1.2 钢的表面

板材允许有薄层氧化铁皮和铁锈，不妨碍表面缺陷的检查，以及不明显的粗糙度、网状、麻点、划痕等局部缺陷造成的

压制氧化铁垢和滚筒，但允许其他局部缺陷。深度不应大于钢板厚度公差的一半，钢板的最小允许厚度应

得到保证。 7.5.1.3 钢的表面缺陷

允许通过研磨和其他方法去除板材。清洁区域应光滑，无棱角。清洗深度不应大于钢板的负偏差

厚度，钢板的最小允许厚度应为
保证。 7.5.1.4 如果钢板表面有缺陷，不能按 7.5.1.3 的规定进行清理，经供需双方协商后，可进行焊接修复，并且

应满足以下要求：

a ） 使用适当的焊接方法 ;b ） 使用

适当的方法，如压平或打磨，在焊接修复前彻底清除钢板上的有害缺陷。拆卸零件的深度在钢板内。

在公称厚度的 20% 以内，一侧总磨削面积应在钢板面积的 2% 以内 ;

c ）钢板焊接部位边缘不应有咬边或搭接处。堆垛高度应比滚动面高 1.5mm 以上，然后用铲子将其平整或研磨。

移除桩高相等

方式 ;d ）热处理后的钢板在焊接和修复后应再次进行热处理。

7.5.1.5 经供需双方协商，钢板表面质量也可符合 GB/T14977 的规定。

7.5.2 钢带和剪切钢板

7.5.2.1 钢带表面不应有任何对使用有害的缺陷，如疤痕、裂纹、褶皱、夹杂物、气泡、氧化铁垢的侵入。钢带应不可见

分层。 7.5.2.2 表面

钢带允许有薄层氧化铁皮、铁锈、轻微点蚀、划痕等局部缺陷，不影响使用。深度或高度不得超过厚度的一半

钢带的公差，应保证钢带的允许厚度。最小厚度。 7.5.2.3 钢材

允许带材有局部缺陷的交付，但有缺陷的部分不应超过每卷钢带总长度的 6% 。 7.5.2.4 协商后

在供需双方之间，钢带的表面质量也可以满足 GB/T14977 的要求。

7.5.3 型钢

7.5.3.1 型钢的表面质量应符合有关标准。 7.5.3.2 之后

经供需双方协商，型钢表面质量也可符合 YB/T4427 的规定。

机器翻译 谷歌

GB/T1591—2018

7.5.4 钢棒

7.5.4.1 钢棒的表面质量应符合相关标准。 7.5.4.2

经供需双方协商，钢棒表面质量符合 GB/T28300 的规定。

7.6 无损检测

经供需双方协商，可采用无损检测方法对钢材的内在质量进行检测，检测标准和要求应在

合同。

8 测试方法

8.1 钢铁产品各项检验的检验项目和检验方法应符合

表 13 的规定。 8.2 钢材的化学成分试验一般按照 GB/T4336 、 GB/T20123 、 GB/T20124 、 GB/T20125 进行

或一般化学分析方法。仲裁应按照 GB/T 223.3 、 GB/T 223.9 、 GB/T 223.11 、 GB/T 223.14-GB/T 223.17ÿ 的规定进行

国标 /T223.18 、国标 /T223.23 、国标 /T223.26 、国标 /T223.37 、国标 /T223.40 、国标 /T223.60 、国标 /
T223.63 、
GB/T223.68 、 GB/T223.69 、 GB/T223.76 、 GB/T223.78 、 GB/T223.84 和 GB/T20125 。 8.3 当采购方无特殊要求时，抽样

冲击试验的位置应如下：

a ） 型钢按 GB/T2975-2018 图 A.3 的规定执行 ;b ） 对于

圆钢，当公称直径 d ÿ25 mm 、 25 mm< d ÿ50 mm and d >50 mm, press respectively

GB/T2975-2018 图 A.5 中 a ）、 b ）和 d ）的规定 ;

c ）对于方钢，边长不大于 50mm 时，按 GB/T2975-2018 图 A.9 中 a ）的规定，边长大于

 c ）对于方钢，边长不大于 50mm 时，按 GB/T2975-2018 图 A.9 中 a ）的规定，边长大于

50mm ，按 GB/T2975-2018 图 A.9 中 b ）的规定 ;

d ）对于钢板，当公称厚度不大于 40mm 时，按 GB/T2975-2018 中 a ）图 A.11 的规定，当公称厚度

厚度大于 40mm 时，按 GB/T2975-2018 图 A.11 中 b ）的规定执行。

9 检验规则

9.1 检查和验收

钢材的检验验收由供应商的技术监督部门进行。

9.2 批量分组规则

9.2.1 钢材产品应分批验收。每批应由相同牌号、发热号、规格、交货状态的钢材组成。每批重量不超过 60t ，

但卷重大于 30t 的钢带和连轧板可以由两个轧制卷组成。一批 ; 对于在转炉中冶炼的体积大于 200t 的钢型材，

每批重量不得超过 80t 。经供需双方协商，每炉可检验 2 批次。

9.2.2 Q355B 级钢允许采用相同牌号、相同的冶炼和浇注方法、相同的规格、相同的生产工艺体系、相同的交货状态或相同的热量

处理系统，与不同炉号组成混合批次，但每批不得超过 6 个炉子。 没有，并且每个炉号的碳含量差异不大

大于 0.02% ， Mn 含量相差不大于

0.15%.9.2.3 对于要求在厚度方向进行力学性能试验的钢材，配料规则应符合 GB/T5313 的规定。

9.3 采样数量

每批钢材的取样地点和取样数量见表 13 。

16

4
4

4
机器翻译 谷歌

GB/T1591—2018

表 13 钢材检验项目、抽样数量、抽样方法及试验方法

序列号检查项目 采样数量 取样部件和方法

1 化学成分 1 件 /炉 国标 GB/T20066
GB/T20066

2 拉伸试验 1件 /批 一端钢， GB/T2975-2018 国标 GB/T228.1

3 弯曲试验 1件 /批 一端钢， GB/T2975-2018

4 冲击试验 3片 /批 钢的一端，见 8.3

5 厚度方向性能测试 3片 /批 国标 GB/T5313 国标 GB/T5313

—
6 无损检测 逐个（卷、根、分支）

—
7 尺寸、形状 逐个（卷、根、分支） 具有相应精度的测量工具

—
8 表面质量 逐个（卷、根、分支）

9.4 复检判定规则

钢材的复检判定应符合 GB/T17505 的规定。

9.5 数字四舍五入

数值判断采用四舍五入值比较法，数值四舍五入按 GB/T8170 的规定进行。

10 包装、标记和质量证书

如无特殊要求，钢材的包装、标志和质量证明书应符合 GB/T247 或 GB/T2101 的规定。

机器翻译 谷歌

GB/T1591—2018

附录 A

（信息性附录）

国内外标准牌号对照表

国内外标准牌号的比较见表 A.1 。

表 A.1 国内外标准品牌对比

ISO630-2: ISO630-3: EN10025-2: EN10025-3:

本标准 GB/T1591—2008
2011 2012 2004 2004

— —
Q355B(AR) Q345B （热轧） S355B S355JR

— —
Q355C(AR) Q345C （热轧） S355C S355J0

— —
Q355D(AR) Q345D （热轧） S355D S355J2

— — — —
Q355NB Q345B （归一化 / 归一化滚动）

— — — —
Q355NC Q345C （归一化 / 归一化滚动）

—
Q355ND Q345D （归一化 / 归一化滚动） — S355ND S355N

— —
Q355NE Q345E （归一化 / 归一化滚动） S355NE S355NL

— — — — —
Q355NF

— — — —
 — — — —
Q355MB Q345B(TMCP)

— — — —
Q355MC Q345C(TMCP)

— — —
Q355MD Q345D(TMCP) S355MD

— — —
Q355ME Q345E(TMCP) S355ME

— — — — —
Q355MF

— — — —
Q390B(AR) Q390B （热轧）

— — — —
Q390C(AR) Q390C （热轧）

— — — —
Q390D(AR) Q390D （热轧）

— — — —
Q390NB Q390B （归一化 / 归一化滚动）

— — — —
Q390NC Q390C （归一化 / 归一化滚动）

— — —
Q390ND Q390D （归一化 / 归一化滚动） —

— — — —
Q390NE Q390E （归一化 / 归一化滚动）

— — — —
Q390MB Q390B(TMCP)

— — — —
Q390MC Q390C(TMCP)

— — — —
Q390MD Q390D(TMCP)

— — — —
Q390ME Q390E(TMCP)

— — — —
Q420B(AR) Q420B （热轧）

— — — —
Q420C(AR) Q420C （热轧）
— — — —
Q420NB Q420B （归一化 / 归一化滚动）

— — — —
Q420NC Q420C （归一化 / 归一化滚动）

18
机器翻译 谷歌

GB/T1591—2018

表 A.1 （续）

ISO630-2: ISO630-3: EN10025-2: EN10025-3:

本标准 GB/T1591—2008
2011 2012 2004 2004

—
Q420ND Q420D （归一化 / 归一化滚动） — S420ND S420N

— —
Q420NE Q420E （归一化 / 归一化滚动） S420NE S420NL

— — — —
Q420MB Q420B(TMCP)

— — — —
Q420MC Q420C(TMCP)

— — —
Q420MD Q420D(TMCP) S420MD

— — —
Q420ME Q420E(TMCP) S420ME

— —
Q460C(AR) Q460C(hot rolled) S450C S450J0

— — — —
Q460NC Q460C （归一化 / 归一化滚动）

—
Q460ND Q460D （归一化 / 归一化滚动） — S460ND S460N

— —
Q460NE Q460E （归一化 / 归一化滚动） S460NE S460NL

— — — —
Q460MC Q460C(TMCP)

— — —
Q460MD Q460D(TMCP) S460MD

— — —
Q460ME Q460E(TMCP) S460ME

— — — —
Q500MC Q500C(TMCP)
Q500MC Q500C(TMCP)

— — — —
Q500MD Q500D(TMCP)

— — — —
Q500ME Q500E(TMCP)

— — — —
Q550MC Q550C(TMCP)

— — — —
Q550MD Q550D(TMCP)

— — — —
Q550ME Q550E(TMCP)

— — — —
Q620MC Q620C(TMCP)

— — — —
Q620MD Q620D(TMCP)

— — — —
Q620ME Q620E(TMCP)

— — — —
Q690MC Q690C(TMCP)

— — — —
Q690MD Q690D(TMCP)

— — — —
Q690ME Q690E(TMCP)
GB/T1591-2018 取代
国标 GB/T1591-2008
2019-02-01 实施
 GB/T1591—2018

r editorial modifications,

malizing" are added (see Chapter 3,

n 6.1); --- Specify the

nd its index will increase accordingly.

, 2008 edition 6.5) Chapter 7,

ndards Research Institute,

u Medium Vehicle Steel New

g, Zhao Xinhua, Li

ÿ
 GB/T1591—2018

ackaging, marking and

mical composition is also

ur

by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (common law)

1
metry (conventional method)

hod)

metry
ature below a certain phase

state so that even after normalizing

t be obtained through heat

nt technical specifications

e direct quenching and quenching.

 GB/T1591—2018

d strength value, the delivery status

s, the delivery status code is both

be added after the above-mentioned

d. If the buyer does not specify when

ecified in the contract. 6.2

d in the contract. 6.3 The

ies shall be specified in the contract.

3
agreement

ly with the requirements

quivalent value shall comply with the

ent value shall comply with the

of carbon equivalent to evaluate the

g crack sensitivity index can be specified

rom the melting analysis components

e buyer. The alloying

 f each element can be

wable deviation of the

焊缝裂纹敏感性

Index Pcm (mass

指数 Pcm （质量
分数） /%
不大于
 GB/T1591—2018

抗拉强度 R m/MPa

>150~ >250~
250 400

—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

11
-60ÿ
20c — —
 GB/T1591—2018

试样的厚度或直径

厚度或直径 /mm

>16~100

D =3 a
15
>50 mm, press respectively
GB/T1591—2018

实验方法

见 8.2

国标 GB/T228.1

国标 GB/T232

国标 /T229

国标 GB/T5313

双方谈判

具有相应精度的测量工具

目视检查和测量
17
EN10025-4:

2004

—
 —

S355M

S355ML

—
GB/T1591—2018

EN10025-4:

2004

S420M

S420ML

S460M

S460ML

—
—