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The Design of Training Elevators for Effective Learning

Conference Paper · April 2015

DOI: 10.1109/ICISCE.2015.216

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 2015 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Control Engineering

The Design of Training Elevators for Effective

Learning
Murat Selek Hakan Terziolu
Electronics and Automation Department Electricity and Energy Department
Selçuk University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences Selçuk University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Selçuklu/Konya, Turkey Selçuklu/Konya, Turkey
mselek@selcuk.edu.tr hterzioglu@selcuk.edu.tr

Fatih Alpaslan Kazan

Electricity and Energy Department
Selçuk University, Ilgn Vocational School
Ilgn/Konya, Turkey
akazan@selcuk.edu.tr

Abstract—The desire to use the settlement areas productively
along with the gradually increasing population leads the increase
in the number of multi-storey buildings. With the increase of
multistory buildings, the need for Elevators evenly increases. In
this study, a multi-purpose training elevator was designed in
order to contribute the need of training personnel required for
the increasing need for elevators. This elevator is an education
set designed to be used in the training of students in the
department of mechatronics, electric and electronics at
vocational-technical education institutes. Through this elevator
training set, the education of students became more qualitative,
more permanent and more effective. In the designed training set,
moreover, the designing of elevator was executed in order to
control it through PLC, SCADA or microcontroller. Thus, the
students are informed through the training set and the software
was introduced in the courses of PLC, SCADA and
microcontroller.
Keywords—Elevator; PLC; PIC; microcontroller; SCADA
I. INTRODUCTION
Although the population increases day by day, the
settlement areas don’t increate with the same rate and multi-
storey construction became obligatory. It is not problem to
climb up the upper floors in the multi-storey buildings with 3-4
floors. However, the buildings with 40-50 stores are seen
everywhere nowadays. In such buildings, nobody wants to use
the stairs after a few floors unless it is necessary. Thus, the
elevators became one of the vital parts for the buildings with
multiple floors.
Even, there are studies to prevent the car crashes in such car
parks [2].
The increase in the life standards and the care for human
beings has brought along the technological developments in the
elevator systems. Thus, the produced elevators are faster,
stronger and more qualitative. For that purpose, the activities
related to both making the people wait less and increasing the
passenger transportation productivity was carried out in the
buildings with 2 or more elevators [3, 4]. Moreover, there are
studies to design PLC based, adjustable and rapid elevator
control systems [5]. Even, fuzzy logic was utilized to optimally
control the elevators [6].
There are also activities to increase the security in the
elevators. For example, a PLC controlled elevator is real-
timely observed and passenger compartment temperature and
smoke alarm is online followed on the computer screen [7].
Since the energy sources decrease day by day, the
researches related to the energy productivity in elevators were
also done [8].
Since the elevator systems are generally PLC controlled,
various PLC-based elevator sets were designed to use in the
trainings related to it [9]. However, there are also elevator
designs made for PLC programming training and to enable
students control a real system [10].
Even though PLC is preferred in the elevator controls, there
is also a microcontroller controlled elevator design [11].

The elevators may be defined as the electro-mechanical
facilities which are used to vertically carry the loads and people
on the guide rails through a moveable cabinet or platforms. In
fact, multiple-floor system was applied in numerous car parks
and the cars are parked one on the top of the other. Thus,
some activities were carried out in order to improve it [1].
This study was supported by Selcuk University Scientific Research
Projects Coordinatorship. The project number is 15701056.
In this study, the students were enabled to improve
themselves related to both hardware and software of the
elevator through the executed elevator training set. Moreover,
the students were given effective and permanent training
through the training set which allows applied and visual
training. Using the designed elevator training set, the students
were able to learn to control the elevator through PLC,

978-1-4673-6850-6/15 $31.00 © 2015 IEEE 956

DOI 10.1109/ICISCE.2015.216
SCADA or the microcontroller. Thus, they gained self-
confidence through the real-like application as well as
developing their ability for the software. In order to develop
their software abilities, PLC-SCADA and PIC18F4550
microcontroller training sets were used. Using this designed
training set, the training set was established in order to enable
the students learn the structure and control of the elevator. This
education set was used in the Electric departments of
Vocational High School of Technical Sciences at Selçuk
University and it was seen that learning was executed rapidly
and effectively thanks to the feedbacks obtained from the
students. Moreover, this training set was designed so that the
elevator companies could easily use in their in-service
trainings.

II. THE STRUCTURE OF THE ELEVATORS

The elevators may be controlled through hydraulic and
electrics. The cabinet in the electrical elevators moves via an
electric motor. The mechanical energy necessary for the
upward and downward movements of the elevator is provided
from the electrical motor. The motor starts up the cabinet
according to the order coming from the control panel.
The cabinet functions cooperatively with a counterweight.
There is a movement resulting from friction between the steel
rope between the cabinet and the counterweight and the driving
pulley. The cabinet and the counterweight are almost the same
weight. Such fractioning machines are called friction-driven
elevators. Moreover, there are also elevators which function
with the ropes or chains are twined around a driving pulley.
The elevators working such a way are also called tambour
elevators. The parts forming the elevator were given in Fig. 1.
III. THE COMPONENTS OF THE DESIGNED
ELEVATOR TRAINING SET
The designed elevator training set has 3 basic components
such as:
Fig. 1. The parts of a elevator system [13].
• PLC and HMI training set,
• PIC training set,
• The training set for the elevator,
A. PLC and HMI Training Set
PLC and SCADA systems are indispensable components of
industrial automation systems. Thus, the trainings related to
this should be quality and practice oriented. If it is done, the
need for the qualified staff for the control and maintenance of
the related systems and repairing could be answered. The PLC
and SCADA training set designed for that purpose is seen in
Fig. 2 [12].

Fig. 2. The general view of PLC and SCADA training set.

957
 The components of the set are as follows: which determine the cabinet’s arriving at the floors were
installed to each floor. Moreover, there are also switches on the
1. PLC doors of the floors (Fig. 4).
2. Relays
3. HMI
4. Contactors
5. Power supply
6. Clips
7. Buttons
In this set, Siemens S7200 CPU222 or S71200 CPU 1212C
could be used as the PLC. The developed training set was
designed with 8 inputs and 6 outputs. Thus, the PLC to be used
in the set may be changed regarding the numbers of input-
output. As for HMI, the low-cost Delta A and Delta B serials
with a wide communicating characteristics was preferred. In
the designed training set, the operator panels such as Siemens
and Beijer can be used. The buttons were used in the input
while the relays and mini contactors of 4 kW in addition to the Fig. 4. The view of the switch installed on the door of the elevator.
relays were used in the output of the PLC. Thus, real
applications could be carried out. In order to provide the upward and downward movements
of the elevator cabinet, a low voltage direct current motor was
B. PIC Training Set preferred (ekil 5). The reason for keeping the voltage rating
The microcontrollers are commonly used in the industrial low is the desire to prevent any electric shocks during the
applications. For that reason, it is important to learn the training.
hardware which a microcontroller will be tested. In Fig. 3, a
test and development card which the PIC18F4550
microcontroller can be programmed and the written programs
can be tested without any limitations is seen.
Using this experiment set, the control of the elevator may
be executed in many ways. As well as making a simple control,
the applications related to the elevator may be controlled
through establishing a communication between the
microcontroller and the computer and using a visual
programming language (C#, Visual Basic etc.).

Fig. 5. The current motor which provides upward-downward movements of

the elevator cabinet.

In order to obtain the detailed analysis of the action

mechanism of the elevator cabinet and its hardware, the sides
and the back of the cabinet were left open (Fig. 6). The frontal
view of the cabinet is seen in Fig. 7.

Fig. 3. Microcontroller training set.

C. Elevator Training Set

The elevator which is the basic component of the designed
elevator training system was planned as 3 stores. The switches

958
 effectively, permanently and rapidly. The designed training set
was applied in the Electric Program of Vocational High School
of Selçuk University and it was seen that the students learned
more effectively and easily. Through a real-like training set,
the students obtained visual and applied information related to
the elevator and they learned to control the elevator during
PLC-SCADA and microcontroller courses. Thus, the students
were trained in a more equipped and poised way. This training
set may be used by the elevator companies for in service
training.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This study was supported by Selcuk University Scientific
Research Projects Coordinatorship. The project number is
15701056.
REFERENCES
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Fig. 6. The open structure which allows the detailed analysis of the elevator.
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Fig. 7. The frontal view of the elevator. (ICEECAT’14), Konya, Turkey, 2014.
[13] ElectricalKnowhow. (December 20, 2014). Available:
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION http://www.electrical-knowhow.com/2012/04/basic-elevator-
components-part-one.html
Through this executed study, a elevator training set which
can be used during the courses of PLC, SCADA and
microcontroller for the elevator training was designed. It was
aimed through the designed training set that the students learn

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