ELECTROSTATICS

Electrostatics Tab aesign

current package
Magnetics MEEEE IRT chap
Em I w A c
DCP
optics Ray HCV Tf
wave optics IRDV
Modern physics Archievel
 ELECTROSTATICS
study of charges at rest

Conductor E

Under electrostatic conditions E'inside

a conductor must be Zero
Charge It's an electrical property of
a body

There are two natural charge particles

i 6 1519 c
f 1840 me
Mp
19 e
t 1.6 10
p
properties
i charge is an
algebraic scalar g n

2 charge is always associated with mass

A massless body must be chargeless
ex
photon
3 is Frame independent
charge
5kg
vac m
7
4 Keke charges repel unlike charges
attract

5
charge is a conserved quantity
6 charge is
always quantised
Smallest quantum of electric charge
will be charge of electron

Q I ne n I 2,3
 From a sample of
2.7g of Al all the

free electrons are removed find charge

OF the sample
Sohn me
Q
t Na x3 x l 6 10 19

2 7 1023 3 X l 6 10 19
t 6 023
Iz
 all the
From a sample of 180g OF H2o
protons are removed Find charge of the

sample
1023
1,8cg 6.023 10 X l 6410 19
production of charges

Rubbing or frictions
when two objects are rubbed with each
other some thermal energy will be produced
This e
messy excites electrons to leave the
surface of a body
One body will be t e Ly charged and other
will be
negatively charged
Mass of bodies will
change slightly
 Conduction

When two objects are kept in electrical

contact total of the system

the charge
will be shared by both of them
AV Dt R _Rz then the
q
total charge will be
1 divided by
i equally
g 9 both
 912 912
mm

q o
13 e 14 e
13C5 13 5 C

un

13C
14C
 A B C D E

O O
128 C O o
by 32 16 8
48 3 2 20
40 30
it is brought in contact with B they with e they 35
with D W E they A Is throw out They the
process continues with 13 C D
what will be find
chargecm E
 f Jj
j

HD

AB att

Bc rep
find charge of
CD
DE
att
rep
f
11
Neutral
F A att
t t

N
Induction
c rep
e t t
1 t I
e
Itog e

att

Neutral body is always attracted by a

charged body
Coulomb's law
poz.at charges
Under static nd
q 92
r

F X 9,92 F K 1,92
2
y

at
J Z F G MIL
T2
 C F acts
along the line
r
alway
two
joining the charge particles
2 C F is a central force
c I 2s a conservative force

3 c F two charge particles does

btw
the presence of other
not depend on

charge particles near them

 r

9 92

93
After placing 93 net force on 9 and q
will be modified but Fone b w q an4qz
remains const
 c F obeys Principle
superposition
1
The net force on a charge
particle due to different charge
of the
particles will be the vector sum
particles
forces due to individual charge

In
or
For Favor
or
 c F e's a force
long range
1515 m to A

6 C Force on
charge particle depends
a

on the medium in which particles are

kept
 r

q1 q2
1C 0 1m
Sf 91 92
F K 9,9
y Z F 9 109 N

1 9 109 SI units
K
41T Eo

of Free space air

Eo permitivity
Eo 8 85 1512 SI units
Permitivity
Electrical property of a medium
t
C T or

Q t I 1 ga
F
4178 yr

Resistance to
propagation of
electric field
1 an
F 4T E r
 Fone btw ite in a

medium be same as
ig
air F

Net Fone on charge particles gets

modified In a medium but the tone
remains same
TMI Particles
atheme.ae Tmse
 1 qq 1 qq L qq
to F
41T E Tt
F
u K M
4 Eo s2
Relative Peomitivity p
of any medium K
Permitivity
q of Free space
permitivity
K dielectric
const
Ey
E E Ez Eo
Eo K Ez
E k8
Relative is also called as
permitivity K 1 for air
dielectric const for metals
K is
Ohwhat the minors btw two
can be c i

distance
particles separated by
a
charge
IM placed in air

641519
F
1 9,12 him j9zm y
41TEo T2
2
9 o19
F mom
22
QI Find maxm C E blu two electrons placed 2g air

K 9,92
F
T2
6 19
9t
Imax L
lots
0 3
d
a
I p
ha 9 Q

Where and charge should be placed so

what
that the system wire remain in equilibrium
49 9 KEQ K 409 KU QQ
m2 Ld a 2
u2 d 2

Any z q 541
9
n 243
 T 7
f
of
1 l
Q d 9 d Q
fixed fixed
of central
state the nature of equilibrium
charge
9 stable alongthe line joining the two
charges
9 Unstable along the Ir bisector
unstable line Joining thetoo
q along the
stable the Ir bisector
as
Tj 5k I
Q d 9 m
of Q
fixed fixed
find time period of small oscillation OF centralcharge

F G Fz
gQE 2
7,7
Egor
1
Eiji T
a Qq Uda Ckd
UNG M d4
n

T
 Fo L a Fo
O O

1 IT 1
A d 9 m
d Q
fixed fixed
find time period OF small oscillation OF centralcharge

FN 2 Fo co SO z K QQ y
2
y2
Fa 2KQE a 2KQ Y
3 L
d2ty nd's
0 T 2lT1ff I
 total setup is
Coso
r 4T dipped ED a liquid
Fe
Be aid it is found that
Tsino 1
9 main mg the equilibriumangre
remains same Find
f and the equilibrium angle dielectric coast of
the
1 since Fe liquid
c co so my bigdensity g
Fe bodydensity on
tame
my
 tano TI
1050
FEI Fe
ng
Tsino Img fan I
Felly
mg B
0 0 Greg

k mg 13

K veg veg rog

5
K 5
 tano
9
Or I
r Img
Fe
ye u2mg
n3 at
tano's 02 SETO g
zuzana 2qd 58
 Electric field

Q 9 very small charge

Test charge
convention
ve charge
When a charge is kept in a soooocooling
this
the space around the charge getsmodified
will
space within which another charge
a Tone exper
is called ence
electric field
Electric field Intensity
The strength of electric field is measured
by a physical quantity called electric
Field intensity F
I
E tor
to
ra E kQ9
f
jj j th
f
IE't Kfz g Kfz
Q
y E KI
r2
Q L
t t
than t
t t t

doe
Force b w the two 2L

Ide KIIKI
k
Ef dans
L
E
z LL
Intensity due to an Aoc
Charsellengtg Linear charge density
ta Rd A de kdI k A Rdx
R2 122
Ide4k da
y
a
atr
O r
r 1012
E IDE Cosa 5k cosada

desik E oh
defly 2k sin OIEqafgn.us's
c
 2 sin
E 012

EEE i
i
Hulk I

E 21st
R R
 de kids 102
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Ex Jdecoso
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T
be
E fkdk_Cosa
2tn2
e l µd O no Ex tano dZ EE fsingtsing
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02
Ex cos Odo
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Infinite Roof
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1172
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Or p Eto
a
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t
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kid fzK
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F since sing

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02

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TXT
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a ly
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 the axis of
Intensity on a
Ring

Ee
GE
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n
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A
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tkpdf.fr
SF a o E o

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ll E Sd inc they
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e't sd dec
Find it for thech E is maxm find Fmax

k
data o date
7,4502 ng's
Ratu se
E CRI za
ka 3
o
plena
a I
Ema l
RIE a 1 IN
Lt Riz
 Iq m charge particle is in
equilibrium
Y state the nature of
equili rium
if
9M
a
YEE
a t t
E unstable Stable
T I

Rlfz
 de Kd9H Let u2 H2 t2
F uz 11 21312
2Anda
zudI Zt
FFT dq or
B
at

uan

E
t o
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o
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Eq
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zeittI EaL EIEEo LEEiI.E.tt e

 F
FIH EqEt
E to
Eg l coso
nypd'd
1111111M
t r u

G e E 3
T R 128 2g
IF the plate is
infinitely large
R b r

E does tidffend on distance

e zq
F o E
z o
i
 I Tcasdoa z1q
tcosjdo.gg
a
i off f do
Ri do TI 2
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lol T
t K 990
2Tsindo
R2
T k 9
2T do 2 24 O
 b
KAR
k
dF dM
pE p
o
a 1da

k I.RF E I
 Eo

I
d IIHR f

No net electric force f TERI f

ta EE
IF f ma
doze or
E a Rt to

_2mn22 qEJ2RcosO
qqEIF Zz fiiT2do7Eo2RC0S0
 9E

E'fn I s
Vx
9E3 FRT
V

T 2 4kC
g
g EEN 30 3 Tz 2e
Vx ucos3it9 3t 2 see

Usinso
g 9TnE
Vy
2 1 1
3
4 12 3035 2 1119
4 703T
30 3 R
 Ko

W
0.5IT9E
SK
mv
WT WE

O QE Lcl cosso zmv2

T q E MI
l
T 29 E
 0502 Cosa
i

l
i 04
old
f
hi sinatsinoz
V

E 2l SME
2
g e
4
1
 Find hinge forces on the Z IL
M 2
i nd
tuff
Ry mg since no radial acct
1 W o
M
t Ig R tF 2

x t.tt ITS nxF

Rx
XQ
211 8 L
re FLZ
T Q 9 the L
L fdF fEd9f L du
T me o
L
since dnn
pie
element is same CoE
on every
Jd2 fdFN fz gL
is at con at Md o 2 29
4115
 Fe
f mg Fe
v o

T
q htt
O
met
1mg w DK
gs Sk
y Wgrt Wf type
l r
o
Utmg Fe 4 mope Imf Izmit
9 me
U e
f58L K Lm
Find minimum U'for which the charge particle
an complete Vertical Circular Motion
 1since QE
2 Tco so
q E
mg
o T T
O Tano 9
q my
Moscoso TEE since
mg tfT
O
MEI
1 WE throng
e
0
YT Izmit Izmit
E
f i Ot f EELSincl mgllthosa
doi

or in U
lung
QE Izmir Izmir
1
What minm Vel should be given to the particle
u
so that it can complete vertical circular motion
 I
µ e KI L
r
E
i

a 6
E
r
 r

E Minn

Ig r
 Electric Potential Energy and Potential

PE and potential are

alway measured wat

a reference

Electric potential energy is measuredconsidering

reference at b
 Electric Potential f hers is defined as the amount
OF work done on bringing the charges from co to
their respective places in a
very slow process

Next _SU Fext Fete

Uf Vi
q q

F ext Fete I KAIZ

j
k 9
U 1K dr y U o
 U Kela
Q O ta J

U Haq
a ta T

u will obey superposition Principle

9 or n

or r
dy
 y

4k t 21
Usyg.EE
12L
L

q
L a
2
on a U Eked 131 6k
13L

q
a
q L
 Find maxon potential energy of a system OF equal
charges of charge q separated by a distance
l from each other oh

6kt L L
e

or a
u
Vo
c me
qin 0 fixed

Find minm Sep b w them

12m42 KI
Nminn
W Vo
m Vo MV f 2mV
A
dim
m
c
v
Tminm v
free to move

Find minor separation b w the two

At minn Sep Vet of bots should become equal

2
mvp m Zm v2 KI
Tm inn
 At minm Sep velocity
mum be 1 to the line
s
min
the two
ftp joining
see m
m v sein 30 R N
 Fe

i
m M2Vod MV k
r Fps
F 2
Fer o o Iz m b
Izmit 4K
I 19in r r
d r

b
29 me o
Fg
Initial Sep is b Find minm Sep b w them

Fret 4kg2
Ju
 qettz

lzmr afff.tv
_if
atone
a

mFF
a
_attest
a ok _9EtRy9
 Ted FIKE
Fe

E en X dir 7

E ME 2 vf
v2
EE a

over Fe go.tftps.EE
 O
v 2h vz

MY 22mL
K 293
e
KII 12ns
Ze
c 2mF
iz
 mvp KI
a Ep
E G Mm K QQ
Ta Tae
T Ith a3
GM
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2
X L
ComerOF
Small cube
or

corner of 4V
L bigger auf
2L
 V n ut

you n

fvcosod . i
g
v cos de
i
T
de O

1
flosadt
_It µI Ucosoldt fdr
L
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 I 2 C me
U K 9 92
c
129
n 7
2 12 u 3 q
r
KEI
U 1
12,9232 KIKI Iz n
du o x 8 cm
Tn
 Vtotae

i
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r
du K da
n
n
dit k or 2in sincedie
6
re

Tv 5 TEEN
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was
III na
VA
Wa EE K
B Vc

va
KILL
 _o
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EFFETE
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214 18
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TIZ 712
Rasardo casino 20 da
g0i2 R2ws2oyR2sin3g4z Fq Goin
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 insulating

V O
m H t
g q Eg HERZ H o t E
Eg k

ar O
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t.it
Fret 8
genet
l v
e f t
 I
i i
T Q tve Q As
I ve
Oz s
res
KEE
Kazi
Electric Potential
The amount of work done in a
unit charge from b to
bringing a
in the electric
a point
field of another charge

a q

Vq q
KI v o
r s

Let q I wait
Uq V
y Potential energy
of a unit charge
 g q
U
Kaye
U q
Iq
2L
Q L L
KEfd
v
t t t
H I F L
da
V
Kaz ML
 Q R

I
k da V KI
du
R

Potential at a symmetric point

k Gehenna'm

47.957 nature OF
charge distrisulig
 QE

a a
 t i
y so 21T
I
q
OTE
i focoso Rda 0
Hde I o
y
a t l de K docosORdo
Find potential at the centre
R2
K Qtotal O
deco SO
T2 Ex z
F at centre k 4056do
O
Potential of ax is of a disc
K ZITA da
dv
7
H R
a
v Feo F
G R
n2 1
2 12 G
E f Edt R
2k deaf 2t
a
EE
FIRE a
 a a V
A E E _o te
decay
it sd En C
B
fixey fixed
what will happen to electric potential as
we move from A to B
 6

F
12

hollow hemisphere
F at centre
 E

1oVs µV
MR E
2 20
f Edo _Area
12 1 20 1 A
20 40

20 3 30V
12
 T

Ct

f eel
2Fer
r f
C MY m2vol mum

2
tmczvof Emf
l
u ge
a.m l
 r s o

q a
Q q
F Kaa Ui KAE
r2 r

L
r Q E
A E KI V KI
q j L j
 F de
der

IF.dI fdu
Conse vative

D8 Sdu
III process multbe b
EEIomgg

very slow Bmg

gF
on 111
 JE DI
f DI su
D8
IF we move
along the field
q E day EV will Dec
potential
IF we move opposite to keep
E dI
D8 potential coin in c

Is to field potential oils

E do
µ remain const
 E k
q

E
II W'You
E
Gov
E 20 Voltm E it 44
Im
In
gov In Gov Gov
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 Too
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F 202 130J Ym gov

a
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INV a 4oV
0,0 3,0
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8
1,90
V
0,1 o Yo o
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11.1.07
1,1 D 0,1 D 6V
gv ET 22 25 12k Ym
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242
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o
o o

E t 3y2J
E 2x

43,4
E dy
do
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Eni t E J ro da Et dy J dv

En du 1 Ey dy IV 73 V
u
2nd u to4f3y2dy
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Ig f 2Reosodr O
512

Iq f O
2Rsinado a
 ZR Cosa
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fqR fosodo
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Equipotential surface
A surface at each point which potential
will be same

Spherical equipotential
Surface print
q charge
 I
E 2K X
T
J
du 2K
A do T
X B VB Tz
rz
fdr 214µF
t r
y
vA m
t
2kt en I
i Va VB N
i
l

of B is taken to es VB Oi then
VA p Due to an infinitely large
object we can't define
potential at a point
 i
i Infinite charged them nonconducting
i plate
I
Not defined but VA VB can be
6 A defined
C a I B or
2g Iq dir
12cg do
Nz VB
If fdr fer
i
i
TI VA
I
i f
L ri VA VB
Iq
 cylindrical equipotential
surfaces Infinite Line
charge
 V WE W 9 B VA
Properties i

No work will be done in

displacing a

change from one point to other of an

equipotential surface
2 Electric field lines must be to to

equipotential surface
Two different equipotential surfaces
can never intersect each other
 r Er E
r
120 with we
2
q X axis

1 2W
E 2 Y
10 Costco X 10
 V KI
r

K N 30
0 2

Icq 6

E
khz bye
 Electric dipole

Two and opposite charges separated

equal
by a
very small distance 2s called a

dipole
c r
n n a o

q a
at
small wet the point
due
which we find the effect
The dipole moment of a
dipole is defined as

the product of magnitude of either

Charge and separation distance the two
charges

I QI

dipole moment is always from q to

q
ur
 q
a L
fzqL Put 12
L
sql
L
L PEEL
q ta 29L
q P _EL L L
L E
q Tq 94

Pnet
92L put 49L
N L
to
L
L

L L
ta 921 put _49L
q L TE
192L
 Coif of the Force due to E
l F
d9Eo e
e
I on ring COM OF ring
a f
ME a
t
affno
TT
a
dq It l

t I r re g E r Loso Mf d
y

I e Exoso W de
2Mt IM do
El E 40 soda 948 du
 k dq aexosz.no 2do
A do f ada
r
R
d FtR 2
cos
ftp.fftdd 2120
Ho
finished
sonodden
K
tf
147123 E P
Q
i dipole
i find force
p e a E Q 2kt
rs
k
F 3
Q
kelp
 Er go

so

J
a
 Va VB
Vo Vo t ER
KI
123
A Vo
EE
Vo
a p BVo 1 KI
R2
ER R
f
y
s
E l R C
 E
EX E ex
2
23
Po
t Eetx
Ye

T Ztfg P

x
Et KI
RS
R b
o
 dp
dp
e a
A do
q a
E 0
dot n I do

da k
p q e
Pn et

dp dQ R do R
TM L tM 2

Put f dpcosO R do co so 2,1 Q

Mz M2
 Q P Q 21
IT
Q
1212k

centre of charge
 t
g M
e Ee YEE
Er
a sing
q Q a
Put
a
e I
 der
dp dp dq2R
t SO
q TX Xo dp fx.coso RdO2R
I t t'T
O t
e p yfdPwsO
t Mz
2122650 do
AN at jocoso
dp
z x fcoshedd
tin
a Pnet a do
2R4ofCt
b Vcentre The
c F centre Pnee 512270
 K Qtotal O
centre
T
c F
da E
d

2kµ
idle
10
r
e y 5
O Qfp
fdEcusO
d o
Idesino der
dE kdo do
R2
 F due to a dipole
tam A Pos n
a At an axial point
End on posh
2e ser
l
i r
Ei Ez
of yah q
k r
1
E Ez E KE z

E
KEI YI a
KE.gg
l
2fIz
I 2 I will be along the F
Equatorial point
A point on the Ir bisector of
the dipole
TEO
01
0 1
one K LEo yet
Fo o
H 2kE l
2Eocoso
a e e
ta Ence 312
setup
O
F act KI E'at equatorial point
yz
2s opposite to dipole
moment
 F due to a dipole at any point
F
21 50 tana Efg_tang
Kpsince Ez key y
3
y 3

N
pcoso
E EzT
Ef
F 2O
go kyIgf
P 2
0 05 Ea iae
psino k
E makes an angle 0th 0 172 F
equatorial 3
with
Find 0 at which the resultant intensity
moment
will be In to dipole
O a the
x Lots
tone tan
Iz 2
I t
tano tano
7 and

tano fr
 Potential due to a dipole
a Axial point

l e v KI
I I 82
q q p
c r

axial Vtq t V q
KI KI
Ntl
Kor 2e KI
ayia
z2 l Z j 2
b point
Equatorial

V O

v O

D
r p
ar ta

Equipotential
surface
potential at any point

pws0
IN
6 a
pros

XO KpcI
2
p k
psino 0 5 Van iae 2
O
0 1172 equatorial
dipole rinse ate a Uniform Electric field

qE Face O 2net0 Equilibrium

EE ol to
testable

TEE face _o Free

o Equilibrium
p ta n
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Find interaction Energy 51W

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visualise the electric field in a
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Field
Properties OF ELF

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strength of electric
gives the idea about
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 ELF originate from a ve charge orcs

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 Electric Flux

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A Rate of collection of water
I

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orientation of Area
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Rate of flow
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- Earth is considered to be a very Large
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feats
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9 92
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 IF a Mo of plates are placed parallel
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each
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of the system will flow
Total charge
to the ground
Extreme faces will always get zero charge
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different faces

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to the ground

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isolated
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