Electrostatics

DGT MH –CET 12th PHYSICS Study Material 1
13 Electrostatics
 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
1. Electric charge exists on electrons and protons.

2. Electric charge may be defined as that property
of matter by which the electrons repel each other,
the protons repel each other and a force of Fig. 11.1
attraction exists between the electrons and Here r̂ is the unit vector from the source charge
protons. to the test charge. And  is called permittivity of
3. The charge on the electron is equal and opposite the medium. It is a characteristic of the medium.
to the charge on the proton. Equation (I) is called Coulomb's force law
4. The unit of charge is called coulomb (abbreviated equation.
as C). 12. From the Coulomb's force law equation we find :
5. The charge on the electron is, i) F  qq 0
 19
e  1.6  10 C 1
ii) F
6. The charge on the proton is, r2
e   1.6  1019 C 1
iii) F
7. Atom is electrically neutral, because it contains 
equal number of electrons and protons. 13. The permittivity of vacuum or free space is
8. A neutral body or uncharged body also contains denoted by : 0
equal number of electrons and protons. 14. 0 is a natural constant having value as follows :
9. A body acquires +VE charge, if it has deficiency 0 = 8.85  10–12 C2/Nm2
of electrons as compared to the number of 15. The ratio of  and 0 is called relative permittivity
protons. (r). That is :
That is n e  n p , where ne = number of electrons 
r 
and np is the number of protons in the body. 0
10. A body acquires –VE charge if it has excess of
It is also called dielectric constant and is
electrons as compared to the protons.
denoted by k.
That is, n e  n p 
That is k :  r 
 0
11. Coulomb's force law. The electric force (F)
experienced by a test charge (q0) due to a source It was also, earlier named as specific
charge (q) when separation between them is r, is inductive capacity (SIC).
given by : 16. The minimum value of dielectric constant is 1 for
 vacuum or for free space.
1 qq 0
F rˆ ... (I) 17. The maximum value of dielectric constant is
4 r 2
infinity for the conductors (metals).
 1 qq0
or F rˆ 18. Dielectric constant is a dimensionless and unitless
40  r r 2 number.
ELECTROSTATICS ( 53 )
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19. Values of k of a few typical materials are as Electric Field Lines

follows : 28. The imaginary line drawn in the electric field along
Material / Medium Dielectric constant (k) which a +VE unit charge would move if free to
Vacuum 1 do so, is called line of electric force.
Air 1. 0006 Lines of electric force do not cross each
Paraffin wax 2.1 other.
Rubber 3 At every point there is one and only one
Quartz 5 direction of the electric field, because the test
Bakelite 5 charge moves in the direction of the resultant
Mica 6 force at that point. This is possible when through
every point one and only one line of force passes.
Marble 8
Thus, the lines of force cannot intersect each
Glass 10
other.
Glycerine 50
Water 80
1
20.  9  109 Nm 2 / C2
40
Electric field
21. The space around a charge in which its electric
force can be experienced is called electric field.
22. In principle the electric field of a source charge
extends upto infinity.
23. The electric field strength due to a point source
charge q at an observation point P at distance r Fig. 28.1
from the source charge is given by, Properties of the lines of electric force :
 i) The direction of line of electric force is from
1 q
E rˆ +VE to –VE charge.
40 k r 2
ii) They are imaginary lines drawn for visualising
the electric field.
iii) They originate at the positive charge
[Fig. (iii)].
iv) They terminate at the negative charge
[Fig. (ii)].
Fig. 23.1
24. Electric field at any point is independent of the v) Intensity of electric field is directed along
test charge (q0) placed at the observation point. the tangent to the line of force at every point.
25. Electric field strength is also known as the intensity vi) They do not cross each other.
of the electric field. Often the word strength is vii) The number of lines crossing per unit area
omitted and electric field implies electric field is assumed to be proportional to the
strength. magnitude of the intensity of the electric
26. Unit of electric field is NC–1. field.
 viii) They originate and end up radially at the
27. If electric field at a point be E and a test charge point charge.
q0 is placed at that point, then the force experienced
ix) They do not pass through the conductor.
by the test charge is :
  They originate and end up perpendicular to
F  q0 E the surface of the conductor.
x) They appear to have longitudinal tension 36. Electric flux is a scalar quantity.
[Fig. (iv)]. 37. Units of electric flux are :
xi) They appear to have lateral pressure i) Nm 2C –1 ii) Vm iii) JmC –1
[Fig. (v)].
38. Dimensional formula for electric flux is :
[ML3T –3I–1 ]
39. Electric flux entering a closed surface is taken
as negative and that emanating out of the closed
surface is taken as positive.
40. The net electric flux coming out of a closed
surface depends upon the nature as well as the
quantity of the charges enclosed by that surface.
It also depends on the medium present.
41. The value of electric flux is independent of the
distribution of charges and the separation
Fig. (iv) Fig. (v)
between them inside the closed surface.
Fig. 28.2
29. If a test charge q0 is placed at a point where Gaussian Surface
 42. The imaginary surface enclosing the position or
electric field is E, then force on the test charge
distribution of charges is defined as Gaussian
 
is, F  q 0 E surface.
30. Electric field is perpendicular to the surface of a 43. i) Gaussian surface is spherical for a point
charged conductor. charge, conducting and non-conducting
spheres.
31. Electric field inside the cavity of a charged
conductor is zero. This helps in shielding the
bodies from external electric field.
32. If a conductorcharged or uncharged is placed in
an external electric field, the field inside the
conductor is zero.
33. In the above case the lines of electric force are
perpendicular to the surface of the conductor.
Electric flux
34. The total number of lines of force that pass
through a closed surface in an electric field is
called electric flux. It is denoted by .
35. Electric flux coming out of a small surface element

dS is given by :
 
d  E  dS  EdScos 
Fig. 35.1 Fig. 43.1

ii) The Gaussian surface is cylindrical for infinite b) Acceleration of the particle,
sheet of charge, infinite line of charge 
 E q 
cylindrical conductor etc. a  0E
m m
c) If the particle is initially at rest, then it moves

along a straight line path parallel to E.

d) If the initial velocity of the particle be u,
then its path depends on the angle between
 
u and E.
 
e) If u is parallel or antiparallel to E (angle
 
between u and E is 00 or 1800), then the
particle moves along a straight line path

parallel to E.
 
f) If u makes angle  with E such that is
neither 00 nor 1800, then the charged particle
Fig. 43.2 moves along the parabolic path.
Gauss'Law The motion of the charged particle in
The net electric flux through any closed such a case is similar to the projectile fired
1 in the gravitational field.
surface is equal to times the total electric
0
45. A test charge q0 released from rest in uniform
charge enclosed by the surface. 
electric field E, accelerates and moves on a
  q 
That is,    E  dS  straight line path parallel to E.
S 0
a) If such a test charge moves through a
Be Careful about certain misconcepts
potential difference V, then kinetic energy
Misconcept Correct Concept
acquired by the particle is given by :
1. Path traced by a Path traced by a positive
positive test charge test charge is an electric 1
KE  m2  q 0 V
is an electric field field line when it moves 2
line. along a straight line path. b) If the charged particle moves through a
2. Only enclosed Actually, electric field (E) distance d, then,
charges contribute in Gauss' law is the
V = Ed and hence
to the electric field resultant field at the
(E) in the Gauss' Gaussian surface also 1
KE  m2  q 0 Ed
law. contributed by charges 2
outside the surface. c) If the particle moves through the electric
3. Flux is defined only Flux is defined for any field for time t, then velocity acquired by
for electric field and vector field. the particle is given by :
magnetic field.
q0 E
 t
44. Test charge q0 fired through a uniform electric m

field E : Distance travelled with be,
a) Force experienced by the test charge,
1 q0 E 2
  d t
F  q0 E 2 m
And KE acquired will be, 47. If we place a charge on a soap bubble it expands
due to the above mentioned force.
1 q 02 E 2 2
KE  t 48. Gauss' law in presence of dielectric is given by :
2 m
  q
46. Electric force per unit area on the surface of  E  dS   0
charged conductor having electric field E or
surface density  is given by,  
or  D  dS  q
0 E 2  2
F  where D is displacement current = 0E.
2 2 0
It is a force of a repulsion.
 EYECATCHER
Give a look at the value of electric flux () in various cases of charge arrangements
inside a closed.
Charge Arrangement Figure Value of 
1. Dipole enclosed by a closed
surface
0
2. Closed surface having equal

number of positive and negative
charges inside it.
0
3. Closed surface enclosing no

charge.
0
4. A cavity enclosing certain charge.
0
5. Net charge enclosed by the closed Flux emerges outward with a positive
surface being positive value, i.e.,  = +VE
Charge Arrangement Figure Value of 

6. Net charge enclosed by the closed Flux enters the surface with a negative
surface being negative value i.e., = –VE
7. A cube having charge q placed at

q
the centre. 
0

q
one of the comers of any face 
8 0
[only q/8 charge contributes to the
cube]

q
the centre of one of its faces. 
2 0
10. A hemisphere enclosing charge q

  r 2 E
49. Electric field due to various charge distributions b) If total charge on the ring be Q,
a) Electric field due to a ring of charge of then Q   (2R). Hence :
linear density  on the axis, at a distance
r from the centre is given by :  1 Qr
E rˆ
 4 0 k (R  r 2 )3 / 2
2
1 (2R)r
E rˆ
4 0 k (R 2  r 2 )3/ 2 c) Electric field at the centre of the ring,
where r = 0, is : Ec = 0
d) Electic field at infinite distance (r >> R) from
the ring is :
 1 Q
E  rˆ
40 k r 2
Fig. 49.1 That is, the ring behaves as a point charge.
e) The variation of E with r is shown graphically Therefore, electric field due to infinite
in the figure below : sheet of charge is given by :
 
E rˆ
20 k
c) If r  0, then also the disc behaves as an
infinite sheet of charge.
Therefore, electric field due to infinite
sheet of charge is given by :
 
E ˆr
20 k
Fig. 49.2
That is in both the special cases mentioned
50. Electric field due to continuous charge
above, electric field (E) is independent of
distributions.
the distance of the observation point.
Electric field due to infinite line of charge of linear
d) If r >> R, that is r  , then we have E = 0.
density     is given by :
dq
52. a) Electric field due to a charged spherical
 d 
conductor (or shell of charge).
 1 2 1 2q Let R = radius of the sphere, r = distance of
E rˆ  rˆ
4 0 k r 40 k r the observation point from the centre of the
sphere, Q = total charge on the conductor
where r is the distance of the observation point and  = surface density.
from the line of charge.
Q
That is :  
4R 2
b) Outside the conductor (r > R)
 1 Q
E0  rˆ
40 k r 2
Fig. 50.1
51. a) Electric field due to a disc of charge having For points outside the conductor, the charge
behaves as if it is concentrated at the centre.
 dq 
surface density     on its axis at at c) On the surface of the conductor (r = R)
 dA 
 1 Q 
a distance r is given by, Es  rˆ or Es   rˆ
4 0 k R 2
0 k
 2  r 
E 1  2 2 3 / 2  rˆ
40 k  (R  r )  Q
where   = surface density of
4R 2
charge.
In this case also the charged conductor
behaves as if whole of the charge is concen-
trated at the centre.
d) Inside the conductor (r < R)
 
Fig. 51.1 Ee  0
b) If R >> r, then the disc behaves as an infinite That is electric field inside the conductor is
sheet of charge. zero.
e) The variation of E with r is shown graphically That is the spherical cloud of charge
in the fig. below. behaves as if whole of the charge is located
at its centre.
c) On the surface (r = R)
 1 4 
E R  rˆ
4 0 k  3 
4
Putting Q  R 3, we find :
3
Fig. 52.1  1 4 
53. The electric field inside the charged conductor is E R  rˆ
4 0 k  3 
zero irrespective of the shape of the conductor.
54. a) The electric field on the surface of the conductor d) Inside the spherical cloud (r < R)
  1 Q
is given by : E s  Er  rˆ
k 0 40 k R 3
where  is the surface density of charge at
That is E  r .
the observation point.
e) Graphical variation of E with r is shown
b) Since, the surface density of charge is same
below.
everywhere on the spherical conductor so
DE is also same everywhere on the surface.
c) The surface density of charge on a conductor
varies inversely as the radius of curvature
at the location of the observation point.
1
That is :  
R
d) Since, R is very very small at sharp ends, so
the surface density of charge and hence the
electric field is also.very high at the sharp Fig. 55.2
edge of the charged conductor.
56. Electric field inside cylindrical cloud of charge
55. Electric field due to a spherical cloud of charge of uniform charge density .
having charge density p and radius R. a) Outside the cylinder
a) Total charge in such a spherical cloud is,
At distance r from its axis (r > R)
4 3
R   Q  1 2Q
3 E0  rˆ
40 k r
b) Outside the spherical cloud (r > R)
 1 Q
E
40 k r 2
Fig. 56.1
where Q = total charge on the cylinder and
Fig. 55.1  = length of the cylinder
Since Q  R , hence

2 Case I.
When the surface charge densities are of the same
 1 2R 2 sign.
E rˆ
4 0 k r
b) On the surface, where r = R
 1
Es  2R rˆ
4 0 k
 1 2Q
or Es  rˆ
4 0 k R
c) Inside the cylinder Fig. 58.1
 1 In between the sheets,
Ei  2 ˆr
4 0 k Ei  0
 1 2Q Outside the sheets,
or Ei  rˆ
4 0 k R 2  
E0 
d) Graphical variation of E and r is shown 0
below : Case II.
When the charge densities are of opposite sign.
Fig. 56.2
57. A conducting sheet has charge distribution on both
sides. Hence, electric field due to an infinite Fig. 58.2
conductor sheet have charge density  is : It between the sheets,
 
E Ei 
k0 k 0
Outside the sheets,
E0  0
59. a) Single isolated point charge is called monopole.

b) Two equal and opposite dipoles constitute a
quadrupole. See the figures below.
Fig. 57.1
58. Electric field between two infinite charged
sheets held parallel to each other having the
same charge densities. Fig. 59.1
60. a) Electric field due to a monopole varies inversely Here, m = mass of the particle.
 1 From eqn. (3), we have,
as the square of the distance  E  2  .
 r  F  r
b) Electric field of a dipole varies inversely as  F  kr
 1

F
the cube of the distance  E  3  . k (Neglecting –VE sign)
 r  r
c) Electric field due to a quadrupole varies
1 qQr
inversely as the fourth power of the distance
40 k R 3
 k
 1 r
 E  4 .
 r 
1 qQ
Eyecatcher  k
4 0 k R 3
1. Electric field due to uniformly charged ring at an
axial point (P) at a distance r from centre of the
ring is given by : 2. Expression for the distance of neutral point
where resultant field due to two charges is
zero.
i) When the charges q1 & q2 are of same nature
(both are either positive or negative) :
 1 Qr
E rˆ
4 0 k (R 2  r 2 )3 / 2
In magnitude, we have
From fig., it is clear that C is the neutral
1 Qr point of like charges q1, q2 placed r distance
E ... (1)
40 k (R  r 2 )3/ 2
2
apart at A and B. It means, the resultant
electric field at C due to q1 and q2 is zero.
When r << R, then equation (1) becomes,
Therefore, we have,
1 Qr Electric field at point C due to q1 = Electric
E ... (2)
4 0 k R 3 field at point C due to q2.
If a charge –q is placed at point P, then force 1 q1 1 q2
or 
experienced by the charge is given by : 40 k x 2
40 k (r  x) 2
1 qQr [Here, x = distance of C from q1]
F  qE  
40 k R 3 q1 q2

[U sing equation (2)] x 2
(r  x) 2
 F  r ... (3) 2
 r  x  q2
That is, a particle having charge opposite to or   
that of the ring executes periodic motion and the  x  q1
direction of the force is towards the centre. 1/ 2
r q 
Hence, the motion of the particle is simple or 1   2 
x  q1 
harmonic motion and its time period is given by :
1/ 2
m mR 3 r q 
T  2  2  or 1  2 
k kqQ x  q1 
61. The work done in moving a unit test charge

r
or x 1/ 2
, (q0 = 1) from one point to another in an electric
q  field gives the potential difference between the
1  2 
 q1  two points.
which is the expression for the distance of It is denoted by V.
neutral point for two like charges. 62. If WAB be the work done in moving a test charge
ii) When the charges q1 & q2 are of opposite +q0 from a point A to a point B in the electric
nature : field, then the potential difference between the
two points is given by :
WAB
[V]AB 
q 0
63. The unit of potential difference is called volt. It is
As shown in the figure, if two unlike denoted by V.
charges q1, q2 placed r distance apart at A
64. The potential difference between two points is
and B, then at the point C distance x from
said to be 1 V if 1 J of work is done in moving
+q1, the resultant electric field due to +q1
1 C of charge from one point to the other.
and –q2 is zero. It means, C is the neutral
point. 1J
65. That is, 1 V   1 JC1
Therefore, we have 1C
Electric field at C due to q1 = Electric
66. Electric potential due to a +VE source charge
field at C due to q2.
is +VE and that due to a –VE source charge is
1 q1 1 q2 –VE.
or 
40 k x 2 40 k (r  x)2 67. Electric potential at a point P is given by,
[in magnitude] P 
2 V   E  dr
 r  x  q2
or    
 x  q1
68. Electric potential due to a point source charge q
1/ 2
r q  at a distance r from it is given by :
or 1   2 
x  q1  1 q
V
1/ 2 40 r
r  q2 
  1 69. The change in potential per unit distance is called
x  q1 
potential gradient.
r
or x dV
 q2 
1/ 2 It may be expressed as .
1 dr
 
 q1  70. The electric field at a point is related to the negative
which is the expression for the distance of potential gradient as follows :
the neutral point for two unlike charges. dV
E
3. Three equal charges (+q) are situated on a circle dr
of radius r such that they form an equilateral 71. From the above relation the unit of electric field
triangle, then the intensity of electric field at centre may be expressed as volt per metre (Vm–1).
is zero. 72. The surface on which the electric potential is same
4. If four charges of same nature and equal magnitude is called equipotential surface.
are placed at four corners of a square, then the 73. The lines of electric force are perpendicular to
intensity of electric field at the centre is zero. the equipotential surfaces.
74. The electric field is conservative. That is the work a) Outside the conductor (r > R)
done in moving a test charge does not depend on
1 Q
the path followed. On the other hand it depends V0 
on the initial and final positions of the test charge. 40 r
75. The work done in moving a test charge from one That is the charged conductor behaves
point on the equipotential surface to another on as if whole of the charge is concentrated at
the same surface is zero. its centre.
76. Electric potential of the earth is arbitrarily assumed b) On the surface (r = R)
to be zero.
1 Q
77. Electric potential is a scalar quantity. Vs 
4 0 R
78. The electric charge resides on the outer surface
of a charged conductor. c) Inside the conductor
79. A charged conductor behaves as a shell of charge, 1 Q

Vi 
because the charge resides on the outer surface 40 R
of the conductor.
That is, electric potential inside the
80. a) Electric field due to a charged spherical charged conductor is same as that on its
conductor (or shell of charge) surface. This is true irrespective of the shape
of the conductor.
Let R = radius of the sphere, r = distance of
the observation point from the centre of the d) The surface of a charged conductor is
sphere, Q = total charge on the conductor equipotential irrespective of its shape.
and  = surface density of charge. e) For points on the surface or inside the
charged conductor we can write,
Q
That is,   1 Q 1 Q
4R 2 Vs   R
40 R 0 4R 2
b) Outside the conductor (r > R)
 1 Q 
E0  rˆ or Vs  R
40 k r 2 0
For points outside the conductor, the 1

charge behaves as if it is concentrated at Also   or R = a constant.
R
the centre.
*Hence electric potential at different points
c) On the surface of the conductor (r = R)
on the surface of the charged conductor is
 1 Q independent ofthe shape of the conductor.
Es  rˆ
4 0 k R 2 82. The ratio of the charge q and potential V of a
conductor is called capacitance (C). That is,
 Q
or Es  rˆ q
0 k C
V
Q 83. The unit of capacitance is farad. It is abbreviated
where,   = surface density
4R 2 as F.
of charge. 84. Capacitance of a conductor depends on its (i) size
In this case also the charged conductor (ii) shape (iii) medium surrounding it & (iv) other
behaves as if whole of the charge is conductors in its surroundings.
concentrated at the centre. 85. The capacitance of a spherical conductor of radius
81. The electric potential due to a charged R in a medium of dielectric constant k is :
spherical conductor C  4 0 kR
86. a) Electrostatic potential energy of a conductor

 0 1 E
carrying charge q, capacitance C & potential g) E    0
0  0 n1/ 3 n1/ 3
V, is given by,
q q
q 1 q2 1 1 q 0 V0 Up
U p   Vdq   dq  h) U p  qV   2 / 3  5 / 03
C 2 C 2 2 n n n
0 0
i) Total energy on all the small drops is given
b) Since q = VC, hence
by :
1 1
U p  V 2 C or U p  qV  Up  U p
2 2 nU p  n  5 / 30   2 / 03
n  n
87. a) Suppose a spherical drop has radius r0, the ii) Loss of energy on splitting.
charge on it is q 0, its potential is V 0 ,
capacitance is C0, surface charge density is E  U p0  nU p
0, electric field on the surface is E0 and
 Up   1 
electrostatic potential energy is U p0 .  U p0  n  5 / 03   U p0 1  n 2 / 3 
n 
The above drop is split into n smaller
For example if n = 1000, then
drops each having radius r, charge q,
potential V, capacitance C, electric field on r0 q C
the surface E, surface charge density  and
r ; q  03 ; C  0
10 10 10
electrostatic potential energy U p. Then
following relations hold good. 0 E Up
 ; E  0 ; U p  50
b) Volume of larger drop = Volume of n small 10 10 10
drops.
99
That is, E  U p  99% of U p0
100 0
4 3 4 3 That is 99% of the initial potential energy is
r0   r  n
3 3  lost or dissipated in the process of splitting.
r0 88. Capacitor. It is device to increase the capacitance

Hence r by assembling two or more conductors separated
n1/ 3
by a small distance. Following three types of
q0 capacitors are in common use.
c) q
n a) Parallel plate capacitor. It consists of two
plates of same area separated by small
C0 distance and parallel to each other.
d) C
n1/ 3 b) Spherical capacitor. It consists of two
Because C  r concentric spheres.
c) Cylindrical capacitor. It consists of two
q q /n V
e) V  0 1/ 3  2 0/ 3 co-axial cylinders.
C C0 / n n
89. The geometrical symbol for capacitor is as
q q0 / n follows :
f)  
4r 2  r 
2
4  1/0 3 
n 
q0 1 
  1/ 3  1/03
4r0 n
2
n Fig. 89.1
90. The capacitor is charged by connecting it across

0 A k 0 A
a cell or a battery. One plate acquires charge +q C 
t (d  t) k(d  t)  t
and the other plate acquires the charge –q. The 
potential difference between the plates may be k 1
V. Then the capacitance of the capacitor is, c) If a single slab of conductor of thickness t is
introduced between the plates then :
q
C
V 0 A A
C  0
And the energy stored in the capacitor is t (d  t) d  t

given by :  1
1 1 q2 1 2 93. If the medium between the plates consists of

U p0  qV   VC same thickness but areas A1, A2, A3 .............
2 2 C 2
and dielectric constants k1, k2, k3 ............. then
91. a) Suppose a parallel plate capacitor consists capacitance is given by
of two plates of area A, separated by distance
d, having dielectric slab of same thickness 0 (k1A1  k 2 A 2  k 3 A3 )
C
and area and of constant k between the d
plates. Then the capacitance of the capacitor 94. a) Consider a capacitor of capacitance C0
is given by : having vacuum between the plates. It is
charged by connecting a battery across it.
k0 A
C Let the charge on the capacitor be q0,
d
potential difference between the plates be
b) The capacitance of parallel plate capacitor V0, the surface density of charge on the
depends on A & d and the medium between plates be 0, electric field between the plates
the plates (k). It does not depend on the charge be E0 and the potential energy stored in the
on the plates or the potential difference
capacitor is Up 0 .
between the plates.
92. a) If we have a number of dielectric slabs of

same area as the plates of the capacitor and
thicknesses t1, t2, t3, .......... and dielectric
constant k 1, k 2, k3, .......... between the
plates, the capacitance of the capacitor is
given by : Fig. 94.1
A dielectric slab of constant k and of
0 A same thickness as the separation between
C
t1 t 2 t 3 the plates may be introduced between the
   .......
k1 k 2 k 3 plates. Then the capacitance of the capacitor
becomes :
C  kC 0
The dielectric slab can be introduced
in two ways as follows.
b) K-in case. When the dielectric slab is
introduced by keeping the key K in, that is
battery is not disconnected from the capacitor.
Fig. 92.1 In such a case the potential difference
Here, d = t1 + t2 + t3 across the plates remains unchanged that
is,
b) If a single slab of thickness t and dielectric
constant k is introduced between the plates. V  V0
Therefore,
1 1 1 1
   ..... 
q  VC  kV0 C 0  kq 0 Cs C1 C2 Cn
q kq 0
   k0
A A
 k
E  0  E0
k0 k0
Fig 95.1
Also note that, E  Vd  V0 d  E 0
b) In series combination, the charge on each
1 1 capacitor is same, but the potential difference
U p  qV  kq 0 V0  kU p0
2 2 on each capacitor depends on the respective
Thus capacitance, charge, surface capacitance. That is :
density and electrostatic energy become k q1  q 2  q 3  ......  q n  q
times and the potential difference as well
as electric field remain unchanged. c) If V1, V2, V3, ......., Vn be the potential
differences across the capacitors and E be
c) K-out case. When the dielectric slab is
the emf of the charging battery, then :
introduced by taking the key K-out. That is
after disconnecting the battery from the E  V1  V2  V3  .....  Vn
capacitor. In such a case, d) Since charge on each capacitor is same,
q  q0 therefore
Therefore, q  V1C1  V2 C 2  V3C 3  .......
q q V That is, the potential difference is inversely

V  0  0 proportional to the capacitance.
C kC0 k
1
q q Or V
   0  0 C
A A
e) In the series combination, the potential
  E difference across the least capacitance is
E  0  0 the greatest.
k 0 k 0 k
f) Series combination is useful, when a single
1 1 V Vp capacitor is not able to tolerate a high
U p  qV  q 0 0  0 potential drop.
2 2 k k
So, the same is distributed among a
That is, the charge and surface density
number of capacitors.
remain unchanged but potential difference,
electric field strength and energy stored g) If n capacitors each of same capacitance C
are connected in series, then the equivalent
1 capacitance of the combination is :
become times. That is, they decrease.
k
C
However capacitance becomes k times in Cs 
both the cases. n
h) The value of Cs is smaller than the smallest
95. Capacitors in series. capacitance in the combination.
a) If a number of capacitors of capacitances i) Total energy stored in series combination of
C1, C2, C3, ......., Cn are connected in series, capacitor is :
then the capacitance of the combination
U p  U p1  U p2  U p3  ......
equivalent capacitance is given by :
96. Capacitors in parallel h) Total energy stored on the combination is,

a) If a number of capacitors of capacitances U p  U p1  U p2  U p3  U p4  ......
C1, C 2, C 3, ........., C n are connected in
parallel, then their equivalent capacitance is 97. Equivalent dielectric constant.
given by,
a) When the space between the plates of the
Cp = C1 + C2 + C3 + ......... + Cn parallel plate capacitor contains a number
of slabsof thicknesst1, t2, t3, .... and dielectric
constants k1, k2, k3, .... having same area as
the plates, then the arrangement is equivalent
to a number of capacitors in series.
That is,
0 A
C
t1 t 2 t 3
   .....
k1 k 3 k 3
1 t t t
or  1  2  3  .....
C k10 A k 30 A k 3 0 A
Fig. 96.1 1 1 1
  
b) In parallel combination, the potential difference C1 C2 C3
across each capacitor is same and equal to
b) Also the equivalent dielectric constant k, in
emf of the charging battery. That is,
this case is given by :
V1 = V2 = V3 = ....... = Vn = E
t t t t
But the charge on different capacitors may C  1  2  3  ....
k0 A k1 0 A k 2 0 A k 30 A
be different.
c) If q1, q2, q3, ........, qn be the charges on the t t1 t 2 t 3
different capacitors then, or     ....
k k1 k 2 k 3
q1 + q2 + q3 + ........ + qn = ECp
where, t  t1  t 2  t 3  ....
d) Since potential drop across each capacitor
is same, therefore, t
c) If t1  t 2  t 3  .....  , then
n
q1 q 2 q 3 q
E    .......  n
C1 C3 C3 Cn n 1 1 1
    .....
k k1 k 2 k 3
That is, the charges on the capacitors
are in direct proportion to the capacitances. That is k is the harmonic mean of k1,
Or q  C. k2, k3, ·······
e) Parallel combination is useful when we 98. a) If a number of slabs of same thickness but
require large capacitance and a large charge different areas A1, A2, A3, ...... and dielectric
is accumulated on the combination. constants k1, k2, k3, ...... are placed between
f) In the parallel combination large charge is the plates of the capacitor, then the combi-
accumulated on the capacitor of greater nation is equal to a number of capacitors in
capacitance. parallel. That is :
g) If n identical capacitors each of capacitance
0 k1A1  0 k 2 A 2 0 k 3 A3
C, are connected in parallel, then the equivalent C  
capacitance is given by :
t t t
Cp = nC  C1  C 2  C3
b) The equivalent dielectric constant, in this case

is given by :
0 kA  0 k1A1 0 k 2 A 2 0 k 3 A3
    .....
t t t t
or kA  k1A1  k 2 A 2  k 3 A 3  ..... Fig. 100.1
101. Distribution of charge.
A
c) If A1  A 2  A3  ......  , then a) Suppose, we have two conductors of
n
capacitances C1 and C2 having charges q1
k1  k 2  k 3  ..... and q2 and potentials V1 and V2. When they
k
n are connected to each other with a wire,
the charge is redistributed. The charge is
That is k is equal to the arithmetic mean of
said to now from higher potential to
k1, k2, k3, .....
lower potential.
99. Capacitance of a spherical capacitor. However, in actual practice the electrons
a) If a spherical capacitor consists of two flow from low potential to higher potential.
concentric (conducting) spheres of radii R The redistribution of charge continues till both
and r, having dielectric of constant k between the conductors acquire the same potential.
them, then its capacitance when the inner b) Common potential. The ultimate potential
sphere is charged and the outer sphere is of both the conductors, when the redistri-
earthed is given by : bution of charges ceases is called common
potential. It is given by :
 Rr 
C  4 0 k   q1  q 2 V1C1  V2 C2
R  r  V 
C1  C2 C1  C2
c) If a number of conductors of capacitances
C1, C2, C3, ...., Cn, having charges q1, q2, q3,
....., qn and potentials V1, V2, V3, ....., Vn
are connected to each other with a wire,
then their common potential is given by,
q1  q 2  q 3  .....  q n
V
C1  C 2  C3  ....  Cn
Fig. 99.1
b) However, when the two spheres are connected V1C1  V1C2  ......  Vn Cn

across a battery, the ca~acitance is again C1  C2  C3  .......  Cn
given by :
d) The charges after the redistribution on the
 Rr  conductors are given by :
C  4 0  
R  r 
 q  q2 
q1 '  VC1   1  C1
100. The capacitance of the cylindrical capacitor of  C1  C 2 
length , inner and outer radii r and R respectively,
having medium of dielectric constant k between
 q  q2 
the cylinder is given by : And q 2 '  VC2   1  C2
 C1  C 2 
2k 0 
C
R q1 ' C1
log e   That is : 
 r  q 2 ' C2
In other words, the charges on the conductors

Cm
after redistribution will be in the direct Therefore, k 
C0
proportion to their respective capacitances.
That is the dielectric constant may be defined as
102. Sharing of charges by the capacitors. the ratio of the capacitance of capacitor with
Suppose we have two capacitors of capacitances medium between the plates to that with vacuum
C1 and C2, having charges q1 and q2 and potential between the plates.
differences V1 and V2. When they are connected
in parallel to each other, redistribution of charge 105. Polarisation of dielectric
takes place in the same way as in case of a) Consider a capacitor of capacitance C0 with
conductors. So the common potential of the vacuum between the plates. Let the surface
combination will be : density of charge on the plates be 0, the
potential difference between the plates be
q1  q 2 V1C1  V2 C2
V  V0, charge on the plates be q0, electric field
C1  C2 C1  C2 between the plates be E0.
And the final charges on the capacitors will be :
q1 '  VC1
q 2 '  VC 2
q1 ' C1
That is : 
q 2 ' C2
103. Loss of energy on sharing of charges b) Suppose, the vacuum is replaced by a medium
a) When the conductors or capacitors share of dielectric constant k.
charges as explained earlier, the potential The dielectric will be polarised. That
energy of the combination will be less than is, each molecule of the dipole will acquire
the sum of the initial energies. As a result dipole moment and will be oriented along
the energy is lost. The loss of energy is given the electric field as shown below. As a result,
by, the surfaces of the dielectric acquire opposite
charge density i which is in general less
C1C2
U  (V1  V2 )2 than 0. That is i   0 .
2(C1  C 2 )
Here i is called induced charge density
b) When the capacitors or conductors share the
or bound charge density and 0 is called free
charges, charge flows from one conductor
charge density. The corresponding free and
or capacitor to the other. During the flow of
bound charges are q0 and qi.
charge, the energy is lost as heat which is
given by the above formula. Also q i  q 0 .
104. Definition of dielectric constant

If the medium between the plates of capacitor
be vacuum, then capacitance is given by :
0 A
C0 
d
If a medium of dielectric constant k is placed c) The induced electric field within the plates
between the plates then capacitance is given by : of the capacitor will be :
k 0 A i
Cm  Ei 
d 0

 106. Polarlsation vector
It will be directed opposite to E 0 . That is,
a) The appearance of induced charge on the
two sides of the dielectric slab placed
between the plates of a charged conductors,
make it behave like a dipole. The dipole
moment per unit volume of the polarised
dielectric is called polarisation. It may be
denoted by P. Thus if A be the surface area
and d be the distance between the plates,
Eˆ i  Eˆ 0
then :
d) The net electric field within the dielectric
medium will be : qd (i A)d
P   i
Ad Ad
 0 i
E  E 0  Ei   That is polarisation is equal to the surface
0 0
density of the induced charge.
Also, by definition, b) The above relation is valid irrespective of
E 0 0 the shape of the dielectric.
E 
k k 0 c) The polaris ation of dielectric and production
of induced charge occurs whenever a
V0 dielectric is placed in an external electric
& V
k field.
e) From the relation,
107. Energy stored per unit volume in the capacitor
E  E 0  E i , we find :
The electric potential energy stored in the parallel
0 0 i plate capacitor is given by,
 
k 0  0  0
1 1
U p  V 2 C  (Ed)2 C
 1 2 2
or i   1    0
 k 1  k A 
 (Ed) 2  0 
The above results are shown in the figure below. 2  d 
Energy density is given by,
Up 1
u  k 0 E 2
Ad 2
Thus, energy stored per unit volume in the electric
field is directly proportional to square of electric
field.
108. Electric force of attraction between the plates
f) In case the slab between the plates of the
of a capacitor
capacitor is a conductor and it is not in
If the plates be moved apart by a small distance
contact with the plates, then
dx, then
 1  1
i   1    0   1    0   0 dU p Fdx 1
 k     u   k0 E 2
dv Adx 2
0 where, F is the force of attraction
Therefore Ei   E0
0
1
Or F  k0 E 2 A
Hence, E  E 0  Ei  0 2
 q
Also E  
k 0 k0 A
Or k 0 EA  q
1
F  (k 0 EA)E
2
1 1 q2
Or F  qE or F 
2 2 k 0 A
Hence we can conclude that,
F  E2
Or F  q2
The force is independent of the separation
between the plates but varies inversely as the
area of the plates.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Electric Charge and Coulomb's Force Law 8. A one coulomb charge is placed on an insulated
1. The ratio of the electric force between two stand at the centre of a spherical conductor of
protons to that between two electrons under radius 1 m. The sphere is given a charge of 1 C.
similar conditions is of the order of : The electrostatic force experienced by the charge
at the centre will be :
a) 1042 b) 1039
a) zero b) 1 N
c) 1036 d) 1
c) 9  10 N9
d) none of the above
2. The ratio of the electric force between two
6
protons to the gravitational force between them 9. 10 electrons are added to a pith ball. The charge
is of the order of : on the pith ball will be :
a) 1042 b) 1039 a) –1.6  10–13 C b) 1.6  10–19 C
c) 1036 d) 1 c) 1.6  10–25 C d) none of the above
6
3. What happens when charge is placed on a soap 10. 10 electrons are taken out of a pith ball. The
bubble ? charge on the pith will be :
a) It collapses a) 1.6  10–25 C b) 1.6  10–19 C
b) Its radius increases c) 1.6  10–13 C d) none of the above
c) Its radius decreases 11. Force between two charges, when placed in free
space is 10 N, If they are in a medium of relative
d) None of the above
permittivity 5, the force between them will be :
4. The permittivity of vaccum is :
a) 2 N b) 50 N
a) 1
c) 0.5 N d) none of the above
b) more than 1
12. The magnitude of the two charges is doubled and
c) less than 1 but not zero the distance of their separation is also doubled,
d) zero The electrostatic force between them will :
5. The dielectric constant of an insulator cannot be : a) be halved
a) 1.5 b) 3 b) doubled
c) 4.5 d)  c) become four times
6. Two charges are placed at a certain distance d) remain unchanged
apart, If dielectric slab is placed between them, 13. Charge on a spherical conductor resides :
what happens to the force between the charges ?
a) at its surface
a) Increases b) Decreases
b) at its centre
c) Remains unchanged
c) throughout the body
d) May increase or decrease depending on the
d) such as cannot be predicted
nature of the dielectric
14. A charged spherical conudctor of radius R carries
7. Mid way between the two equal and similar
a charge Q. A point test charge q0 is placed at a
charges, we place the third equal and similar
distance x from the surface of the conductor. The
charge, Which of the following statements is
force experienced by the test charge will be
correct ?
proportional to :
a) The third charge experiences a net force
inclined to the line joining the charges 1
a) (R  x) 2 b) (R  x) 2
b) The third charge is in stable equilibrium
c) The third charge is in unstable equilibrium
1
d) The third charge experiences a net force c) (R  x) 2 d) (R  x)2
perpendicular to the line joining the charges
Electric Field / Electric Field Lines b) They do not pass through the conductor
15. From where do the electric lines of force are c) They exhibit longitudinal tension and lateral
assumed to originate ? pressure
a) Positive charge d) Superposition of electric fields
b) Negative charge 21. Electric lines of force about a +VE point charge
c) Both from +VE and –VE charges are :
d) Neither from +VE charge nor from –VE charge a) circular and clockwise
16. A hollow copper sphere is positively charged, the b) circular and anticlockwise
electric field at its centre will be : c) radial outwards
a) same as on the surface d) radial inwards
b) less than that on the surface but not zero 22. What is the ratio of kinetic energies of two
c) more than that at the surface particles of masses m and 2m with charges 2q
d) zero and 2q which are placed in a uniform electric
17. Gauss's law helps in : field E and allowed to move for the same time ?
a) determination of electric force between point a) 2 : 1 b) 8 : 1
charges c) 4 : 1 d) 1 : 4
b) situations where Coulomb's law fails 23. The electric field at a distance R due to charge q
c) determination of electric field due to symmetric is E. If the same charge is placed on the copper
charge distributions sphere of radius R, the electric field strength at
d) determining electric potential due to symmetric the surface of the conductor will be :
charge distributions E E
18. Which of the following is discontinuous across a) b)
4 2
the charged conducting surface ?
c) E d) 2 E
a) Electric field
24. In the above question, the electric field at distance
b) Electric potential 2R from the centre of the spherical conductor
c) Both electric field and potential will be :
d) Neither electric field nor electric potential
E E
19. The figure below shows electric field lines. The a) b)
4 2
electric field strength at P1 is E1 and that at P2 is
E2. If distance between P1, P2 is r, then which of c) E d) 2 E
the following statements is true ? 25. The electric strength of air is 2.0  106 N/C. The
largest charge that a metallic sphere of 3 mm
radius can hold is :
a) 2 nC b) 3 nC
c) 1.5 nC d) 6 nC
26. The electric field strength due to a ring of radius
R at a distance x from its centre on the axis of
ring carrying charge Q is given by :
a) E 2  E1 b) E 2  E1
1 Qx
E
E1 4 0 (R  x 2 )3 / 2
2
c) E 2  2 d) E 2  r 2 E1
r
At what distance from the centre with the electric
20. Which of the following does not allow the electric field will be maximum :
field lines to cross each other ?
a) They originate from +VE charge and end at R
a) x  R b) x 
–VE charge 2
33. A cubical gaussian surface encloses 30C of charge.

R
c) x  d) x  2R The electric flux through each surface of the cube
2
is :
27. A conducting loop has a charge of q = 4 C. The a) 30 C b) 15 C
thickness of the loop is negligible and its radius is
c) 10 C d) 5 C
r = 6 cm. What is the electric field (E) on the axis
of symmetry of the loop at a distance of x = 8 cm 34. A cylinder of radius r and length  is placed in a
from the centre of the loop : uniform electric field E parallel to the axis of the
cylinder. What is the total electric flux through
a) 288  102 Vm–1
the surface of the cylinder ?
b) 288  103 Vm–1
c) 288  104 Vm–1 2r
a) b) r 2 E
d) 288  105 Vm–1 E
28. Two charges are placed at the corners of an equi-
c) (2r  r 2 )E d) zero
lateral triangle. The side of the triangle is 8 cm.
The magnitude of both the charges is 10–5 C. What 35. What is the total flux from the surface of a
is the magnitude of electric field at the third corner cylinder of radius R and length L which is placed
of triangle ? in a uniform electric field E parallel to cylinder
a) 2.43  10–7 NC–1 b) 24.3  10–9 NC–1 axis ?
c) 24.3  10–10 NC–1 d) 2.43  107 NC–1 a) 2R 2 E b) R 2 E
(R  R 2 )
Electric Flux / Gauss's Law c) d) zero
 E
29. Electric flux in an electric field E through area
 36. The inward and outward electric flux from a closed
dS is given by : surface are respectively 8  103 and 4  103 unit.
    Then the net charge inside the closed surface is :
a) E  dS b) 0 E  dS
  4  103
E  dS   a) coulomb
c) d) E  dS 0
0
b) –4  103 0 coulomb
30. A gaussian surface encloses no charge. Which
of the following is true for a point inside it ? 4  103
c) coulomb
a) Electric field must be zero 0
b) Electric potential must be zero
d) 4  103 coulomb
c) Both electric potential and intensity must be
zero
Electric Potential & Equipotential Surfaces
31. The path traced by a unit positive charge in an 37. What is the direction of the lines of force at any
electric field is : point on the equipotential surface ?
a) electric line of force a) Parallel to it b) Normal to it
b) magnetic line of force c) Be inclined d) None of the above
c) both 'A' and 'B'
dV
d) neither 'A' nor 'B' 38. E . Here negative sign signified that :
dr
32. A charge of 5C is placed at the centre of a spherical
gaussian surface of radius 5 cm. The electric flux a) E is opposite to V
through the surface is : b) E is negative
a) 0.1 C b) 0.5 C c) E increases when V decreases
c) 1 C d) 5 C d) E is directed in the direction of decreasing V
39. Electric intensity is equal to : a) zero b) 3 NC–1

a) time rate of change of potential c) 12 NC–1 d) none of the above
b) minimum rate of change of potential with 47. The potential of a spherical conductor of radius
distance 3 m is 6 V. The potential at its centre is :
c) maximum rate of change of potential with a) zero b) 2 V
distance c) 6 V d) 18 V
d) none of the above 48. 10 C of charge is moved by 0.1 m on an equipo-
40. The force on a unit +VE charge when placed at tential surface. The work done in doing so is :
any point in the electric field is called : a) 10 J b) 1 J
a) intensity b) potential c) 0.1 J d) zero
c) moment d) none of the above 49. For an irregularly shaped charged conductor, the
41. Electric potential is : potential is :
a) scalar and dimensionless quantity a) more at the flat parts
b) vector and dimensionless quantity b) more at the spherical parts
c) scalar and dimensional quantity c) more at the sharp edges
d) vector and dimensional quantity d) same everywhere
42. Where does the electric potential due to a charged
conducting shell vary inversely as the distance Capacitance
from its centre ?
50. Which of the following is the correct relation
a) Both inside and outside it
between the units of capacitance, potential and
b) Only inside it charge ?
c) Only outside it
a) F  CV b) F  C1V
d) Neither inside nor outside it
43. Where is the electric potential due to a charged c) F  C1V 1 d) F  CV 1
shell constant ? 51. Which of the following factors does not affect
a) Outside it b) Inside it the capacitance of a capacitor ?
c) Both inside and outside it a) Distance between the plates
d) Neither inside nor outside it b) Material of the plates
44. Which of the following is NOT the property of c) Area of the plates
equipotential surfaces ? d) Curvature of the plates
a) They do not cross each other 52. Which of the following is correct ?
b) They are concentric sphere for uniform electric The capacitance of parallel plate capacitor varies
field inversely as the :
c) Rate of change of potential with distance on a) area of plates
them is zero
b) distance between the plates
d) They can be imaginary surfaces
c) relative permittivity of the medium
45. A circle has been drawn round a point positive
d) permittivity of the medium
charge (+q) on its centre. The work done in taking
a unit positive charge once round it is : 53. Which of the following is blocked by the
capacitor ?
a) 1 J b) 2  q J
a) A.C.
c) q J d) zero
b) D.C.
46. A charged spherical conductor has potential of
6 V and its radius is 2 m. The electric intensity at c) Both A.C. and D.C.
its centre is : d) Neither A.C. nor D.C.
54. In which of the following the energy is stored in 63. A plane metallic sheet is given a potential of 10 V.
the capacitor ? Another plane and earthed plate of equal area is
a) Charge b) Potential brought very close to it. The effective potential
of the charged plate should be nearer to :
c) Capacitance d) Electric field
a) zero b) + 10 V
55. Two positively charged conductor are put in
contact. The final value of which of the following c) – 10 V d) none of the above
quantities of both the conductors will be less than 64. A plane metallic sheet is given a potential of
the initial value of one of the conductors ? +10 V. Another plane plate, which is NOT
a) Capacitance b) Charge earthed is brought very close to it. The effective
potential of the charged plate should be :
c) Potential d) None of the above
a) zero b) +10 V
56. A soap bubble is charged to a potential of 16 V.
Its radius is then doubled. The potential of the c) more than +10 V
bubble now will be : d) less than +10 V but not zero
a) 16 V b) 8 Y 65. One of the plates of capacitors is connected to a
source of constant negative potential and the
c) 4 V d) 2 V
electrons accumulated on it are 1012. When the
57. If the radius of a soap bubble is doubled, its other plate is earthed, the number of electrons
capacitance will be : now present on the plate will be :
a) doubled b) unchanged a) zero b) 1012
c) halved d) increased by 50% c) less than 10 12
d) more than 1012
58. The capacitance of a conductor in vacuum is 10 F. 66. Two parallel plates are separated by 2 cm. If the
If it is put in a medium of relative permittivity 5, potential difference between them be 20 V, then
the capacitance will be : electric field between them is :
a) unchanged b) 2 F a) 100 NC–1 b) 200 NC–1
c) 50 F d) 9  109  5  10 F c) 1000 NC–1 d) 2000 NC–1
59. One of the plates of the capacitor is connected 67. Two insulated charged spheres of radii R1 & R2
to a source at +20 V. The other plate P is earthed. between charges Q1 & Q2 respectively. They are
What is the potential of the plate P ? connected to each other with a wire. No loss of
a) – 20 V b) + 20 V energy takes place when :
c) zero d) none of the above a) Q1R 1  Q 2 R 2 b) Q1R 2  Q 2 R 1
60. One of the plates P1 of the capacitor is connected
c) Q1R12  Q 2 R 2 2 d) Q1R 2 2  Q 2 R12
to a source at +20 V and the other plate P2 is
NOT earthed. What is the potential of P2 ? 68. A potential of 2 V is to be given to a sphere of
a) – 20 V b) + 20 V capacitance 2 F. In which of the following can it
happen ?
c) zero d) none of the above
a) A battery of emf 2 V is connected across the
61. One of the plates of the capacitor is given a
sphere
charge of +10 C. The charge on the other plate,
which is earthed is : b) One terminal of a 2 V battery is connected to
the sphere and the other terminal is earthed
a) +10 C b) – 10 C
c) By placing 2 C charge on the sphere
c) zero d) none of the above
62. One of the plates of the capacitor is given a
69. A parallel plate capacitor is connected across a
charge of +10 C. The other plate, which is NOT
2 V battery and charged. The battery is then
earthed, has a net charge of :
disconnected and a glass slab is introduced
a) – 10 C b) + 10 C between the plates. Which of the following pairs
c) zero d) none of the above of quantities decrease ?
a) Charge and potential difference 76. Two identical capacitors are joined in parallel
b) Potential difference and energy stored and charged to a potential V. They are then
disconnected from the battery and connected to
c) Energy stored and capacitance
each other in series. The positive plate of one
d) Capacitance and charge being connected to the negative of the other. And
70. A capacitor is charged to a potential difference two outer plates left unconnected which of the
of 400 V and its plates acquire a charge of 0.2 C. following statement is correct ?
When discharged, the energy released will be : a) Charge on the plates connected to each other
a) 20 J b) 40 J is reduced to zero
c) 80 J d) none of the above b) Charge on the (outer) free plates is doubled
71. A parallel plate capacitor is made by stacking n c) Potential difference between the (outer) free
similar metallic plates equally spaced from one plates is doubled
another. The capacitance of the capacitor formed d) The energy stored in the system is doubled
by any two neighbouring plates is C. The total 77. What is the equivalent capacitance of the
capacitance of the combination will be : combination shown in the fig. below :
C
a) b) nC
n
c) (n  1)C d) (n  1)C
72. Introduction of a slab of which of the following
will decrease the capacitance of a capacitor ?
a) Zinc c) Aluminium C
b) Copper d) None of the above a) b) C
2
73. A parallel plate capacitor is connected across a c) 2 C d) 4 C
battery. A dielectric slab is introduced between 78. An insulated aluminium foil of negligible
the plates, the battery being still connected to the thickness is inserted in the middle of a capacitor
plates. Which of the following increases ? and parallel to the plates. If earlier capacitance
a) Charge b) Potential difference of the capacitor was C, what will be the new
c) Electric field d) None of the above capacitance ?
74. Two copper spheres of same radius, one hollow C
and other solid are charged to the same potential. a) b) C
2
Which will have more charge ?
c) 2 C d) 4 C
a) Hollow sphere b) Solid sphere
79. Twenty seven identical drops of mercury are
c) Both will have equal charge charged simultaneously to the same potential of
d) Information is not sufficient to make the 10 units. Assuming the drops are made to combine
prediction to form one large drop, then its potential is :
75. Two capacitors of capacitances C1 and C2 are a) 45 units b) 135 units
connected in parallel across a battery. If Q1 and c) 270 units d) 90 units
Q2 respectively be the charges on the capacitors, 80. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is
Q1 5 F. When a glass plate is placed between the
then  plates of the capacitor, its potential difference
Q2
C2 C1 1
reduced to   of the original value. The value
a) C b) C 8
1 2
of the relative dielectric constant of glass is :
C12 C2 2 a) 1.6 b) 5
c) d)
C2 C1 c) 8 d) 40
81. A parallel plate capacitor has a capacitance of 89. A parallel plate capacitor with air as medium has
45 F in air and 100 F when immersed in an oil. capacitance C. A slab of dielectric constant k and
The dielectric constant K of the oil : having same thickness as the separation between
a) 0.45 b) 0.55 the plates is introduced so as to fill one fourth of
the capacitor. The new capacitance will be :
c) 1.10 d) 2.20
82. A parallel plate capacitor is immersed in an oil of C C
a) k b) (k  1)
dielectric constant 2. The field between the plates 4 4
is : C C
a) Increased proportional to 2 c) (k  2) d) (k  3)
4 4
1 90. A parallel plate capacitor has air as the medium
b) Decreased proportional to between the plates and its capacitance is C. A
2
slab of dielectric constant k is introduced so as to
c) Increased proportional to 2 fill half of the capacitor as shown in the figure.
1
d) Decreased proportional to
2
83. The unit of permittivity is same as that of :
a) charge gradient
b) potential gradient
The new capacitance of the capacitor is :
c) electric field gradient
a) (k + 1) C b) kC
d) capacitance gradient
84. The unit C2J–1 is equivalent to the unit of : C C
c) (k  1) d) k
a) potential b) electric field 2 2
c) capacitance d) dipole moment 91. A parallel plate capacitor having dielectric slab
of  r = 6 is connected across a battery and
85. If the area of the parallel plates of a capacitor is
charged. This dielectric slab is then removed and
not equal, then the charges on the plates will be :
new dielectric slab of r = 10 is introduced. The
a) + Q and – Q b) + Q1 and – Q ratio of the energy stored in the first case to that
c) + Q and + Q d) + Q1 and + Q in the second case is :
86. A capacitor is charged by connecting to a battery a) 3 : 5 b) 5 : 3
and then disconnected. The energy stored is E. c) 9 : 25 d) 25 : 9
If the separation between the plates is now doubled 92. Two capacitors of capacitances 4 F & 6 F are
then what is the energy stored in the capacitor ? connected across a 120V battery in series with
a) 0.25 E b) 0.50 E each other. What is the potential difference across
c) E d) 2 E the 4 F capacitor ?
87. A capacitor is connected to a battery. The electric a) 40 V b) 48 V
energy stored in it is E. If the separation between c) 60 V d) 72 V
the plates is doubled what will be the energy on 93. A parallel plate capacitor is charged by connecting
the capacitor ? to a battery. After charging, the battery is disconn-
a) 0.25 E b) 0.50 E ected ? Which of the following increases, when
c) E d) 2 E the plates of the capacitor are moved apart ?
88. A 2 F capacitor is charged to 100 V and then its a) Charge c) Capacitance
plates are connected by a wire. How much heat b) Potential d) None of the above
will be produced ? 94. In question 93 which of the following decreases ?
a) 1 J b) 0.1 J a) Charge b) Potential
c) 0.01 J d) 0.001 J c) Capacitance d) None of the above
95. In the question 93, if the capacitance of the a) 16 V b) 8 V

parallel plate capacitor is halved, which of the c) 4 V d) 1 V
following becomes four times ?
103. A number of charged liquid drops coalesce.
a) Potential Which one of the following quantity does not
b) Energy stored change ?
c) Distance between the plates a) Charge b) Capacitance
d) None of the above c) Potential d) Electrostatic Energy
96. In the question 93 which of the following remains 104. The capacitors of capacitance 4 F and 6 F are
unchanged ? connected in series. A potential difference of
a) Charge b) Potential 500 volt is applied to the outer plates of capacitor
c) Capacitance d) None of the above system. Then the charge on each capacitor is
97. Two conducting spheres of radio r and R are given equal to :
the same charge. The ratio of their potential will a) 600 coulomb
be : b) 1200 coulomb
1/ 2 c) 1200 micro coulomb
R  R
a)   b) d) 600 micro coulomb
r r
105. Eight small drops, each of radius r and having
R 2
R 3 same charge q are combined to form a big drop.
c) d) The ratio between the potential of the bigger drop
r2 r3
and the potential of the smaller drop is :
98. If n drops charged to potential V coalesce to form
a single drop, the potential of single drop is : a) 8 : 1 b) 4 : 1
c) 2 : 1 d) 1 : 8
V
a) b) nV 106. A capacitor of capacitance 50 F is charged to
n 10 volts. Its energy is equal to :
c) n1/3 V d) n2/3 V a) 2.5  10–3 joules b) 2.5  10–4 joules
99. If n drops each of capacitance C coalesce to form c) 5  10 joules
–2
d) 1.2  10–8 joules
a single drop, the capacitance of the single drop
107. Two capacitors each of 4 F capacitance are
is :
joined in parallel. The resultant capacitance of
C the combination is :
a) b) nC
n a) 4 F b) 8 F
1/3
c) n C d) n C 2/3 c) 2 F d) 6 F
100. The potentials of the two plates of capacitor are 108. 216 charged drops of capacitance C and potential
+10 V & –10 V. The charges on one of the plates V are put together to form a bigger drop. If each
is 40 C. The capacitance of the capacitor is : small drop has charge 1 C, the charge on bigger
a) 2 F b) 4 F drop will be :
c) 0.5 F d) 0.25 F a) 1 C b) 36 C
101. Two capacitors each of capacitance 10 F are c) 144 C d) 216 C
connected in series, the capacitance of the 109. Six identical capacitors each of 2 F are joined
combination is : in parallel and each is charged to 10 V. They are
a) 0.2 F b) 5 F then disconnected and joined in series, so the
c) 10 F d) 20 F positive plate of one is joined to the negative plate
of the adjacent capacitor. What is the potential
102. Two conductors, each of capacitance 1 F are
difference of the combination ?
charged to potential of 10 V and 6 V respectively.
They are then joined together. Their common a) 10 V b) 30 V
potential will be : c) 60 V d) 120 V
110. A capacitor of capacitance 1 F can withstand a 117. Two capacitors of capacitance 2 F and 4 F are
potential difference of 6 kV and another capacitor charged to 200 V and 100 V respectively. They
of 1 F can withstand a potential difference of are then connected in parallel to each other. What
4 V. If they are connected in series, the combi- is the potential across each capacitor ?
nation can withstand a potential difference of : a) 116 V b) 133 V
a) 3 V b) 4 V c) 148 V d) 164 V
c) 6 V d) 8 V 118. The difference in the effective capacitance of
111. A capacitor is charged from a 5 volt battery 100 the two similar capacitors when joined in series
times per second and is then discharged through and parallel is 6 F. What is the capacitance of
a milliammeter 100 times per second with the help each capacitor :
of a vibrating switch. What is the capacitance of a) 2 F b) 4 F
the capacitor if the current is 0.5 mA :
c) 8 F d) 16 F
a) 1 F b) 5 F
119. Four capacitors each of 25 F are connected as
c) 50 F d) 100 F shown in the following circuit.
112. How many capacitors each of 8 F & 250 V are A D.C. voltmeter reads 200 volts. The charge
required to form a composite capacitor of 16 F on each plate of the capacitor is :
and 1000 V ?
a) 8 b) 16
c) 32 d) 64
113. Two capacitors of capacitances C1 and C2 are
connected across 200 V power supply. The
potential drop across C1 is 120 V. A capacitor of
capacitance 2 F is connected in parallel with C1
and the potential drop across C2 becomes 160 V.
What are the values of C1 and C2 in F ? a) 5  10–3 C b) 2  10–2 C
a) 0.4 and 0.6 c) 5  10–2 C c) 2  10–3 C
b) 0.6 and 0.4 120. Charge +q on a small conducting sphere S1 is
c) 0.8 and 1.2 placed inside a large hollow metallic sphere S2
d) 1.2 and 0.8 having a charge +Q as shown in the figure. The
114. Each plate of a capacitor carries a charge of sphere S1 is then connected to the S2 by a conducting
88.5 nC. Area of each plate is 50 cm2. The potential wire. The charge on S1 will then be :
difference between the plates is 100 V. From this
data, the distance between the plates is :
a) 5 m b) 50 m
c) 6 mm d) 50 mm
115. A capacitor of capacitance 16 F is charged to
200 V. If it is discharged through a resistance,
what will be the amount of heat produced ?
a) 0.08 J b) 0.16 J
qQ
c) 0.32 J d) 0.64 J a) Q – q b)
2
116. The plates of a capacitor are separated by 5 mm
and they are connected to a battery of 100V. What 1
c) (q  Q) d) zero
will be the force on an electron located between 2
the plates ?
121. The figure shows a circuit with E as the earthing
a) 1.6  10–19 N b) 3.2  10–19 N of the common plate. The potentials at P and Q
c) 1.6  10–15 N d) 3.2  10–15 N are :
5C 4C
a) b)
4 5
c) 2 C d) C
126. Each plate of a parallel plate capacitor is 600 cm2.
Between the plates, the field is constant at
E = 300 kV/m and the permittivity of the medium
is 9.0  10–12 C2/Nm2. The charge on each plate
is :
a) 0 V, – 1000 V a) 1.50  10–18 C b) 1.62  10–7 C
b) 1000 V, 0 V c) 1.67  10–15 C d) none of these
c) + 600 V, – 400 V 127. The combined capacity of a parallel combination
d) + 400 V, – 600 V of two capacitors is four times their combined
capacity when connected in series. This mean
that :
Recent Questions from MH-CET Exams.
a) their capacities are equal
122. Two capacitors of value C each are connected
b) their capacities are 1 F and 2 F
in parallel. When this combination is connected
in series with an identical combination, the c) their capacities are 0.5 F and 1 F
effective capacitance becomes : d) their capacities are infinite
a) C b) 2 C 128. The effective capacitance between points A and
B is :
C
c) 4 C d)
2
123. The expression for the energy of a charged
conductor is :
1 1
a) CV 2 b) CV 2
3 2
1
c) CV d) CV
3
40
124. As far as the charges are stationary the electric a) 10 F b) F
3
intensity inside the conductor must be :
100
a) constant c) 20 F d) F
3
b) zero
129. S1 & S2 are the two imaginary surfaces enclosing
c) less than that on the surface the charges +q and –q as shown. The flux through
d) more than that on the surface S1 and S2 are respectively :
125. Five identical capacitors are connected as shown
in the figure. The equivalent capacitance between
A and B is :
2q q
a) , b) 0, 0
0 0
138. An electron experiences a force equal to its

q q
c) 0, d) , 0 weight when placed in an electron field. The
0 0 intensity of the field will be :
130. A metal sphere of radius 2.0 cm has surface density a) 1.7  1011 N/C b) 5.0  1011 N/C
of charge equal to 0.89 nC/cm2. The electric field c) 5.0  10–11 N/C d) 56 N/C
at a distance of 10 cm from the centre of the
139. When a charged particle of charge e revolves in
sphere is :
a circular orbit of radius r with frequency n, then
[0 = 8.9  10–12 C2/N-m2] orbital current will be :
a) 100 V/m b) 8.0  103 V/m
eV eV
c) 4.0  104 V/m d) 2.0  105 V/m a) b)
 r2 4 r
131. A condenser has a capacity 2 F and is charged
to a voltage of 50V. The energy stored is : eV eV
a) 25  105 J b) 25 J c) d)
2 r 4 r 2
c) 25  102 erg d) 25  103 erg
140. Which of the following is the unit of volt ?
132. The capacitance of parallel plate capacitor is
a) joule/coulomb b) erg/coulomb
12 F. If the distance between the plates is double
and area is halved, the new capacitance will be : c) N/coulomb d) Nm
a) 8 F b) 6 F 141. A metal cylinder of length 2 km is charged with
c) 4 F d) 3 F 2  10–2 C. The linear density of the cylinder is :
133. Two electrons are separated by a distance of 1 Å. a) 10 C/m b) 20 C/m
What is the Coulomb force between them ? c) 5 C/m d) 30 C/m
a) 2.3  10–8 N b) 4.6  10–8 N 142. A parallel plate capacitor has a capacity C0 in
c) 1.5  10–8 N d) none of these vacuum. If it is filled completely with a medium
134. If 4  1020 eV energy is required to move a charge of dielectric constant K. The new capacity
of 0.25 coulomb between two points. Then what become :
will be the potential difference between them ? C02
a) 178 V b) 256 V a) C0 b)
K
c) 356 V d) none of these
135. A charge Q is placed at the corner of a cube. C0
c) d) KC0
The electric flux through all the six faces of the K
cube is : 143. A capacitor of 4 F is joined in series with another
Q Q capacitor of 1 F then ratio of p.d. across C2 and
a)  b) 6 C1 is :
0 0
a) 1 : 1 b) 4 : 1
Q Q c) 1 : 4 d) 2 : 1
c) 8 d) 3
0 0 144. C = 100 F ; V = 6 kV ; m = 50 kg. How high the
body will be thrown with the stored energy in the
136. If C = 2 F and v = 120 volt. What is the energy
capacitor ?
of charged condenser ?
a) 12  10–4 J b) 144  10–4 J a) 0.6 m b) 1.2 m
c) 50  10 J –4
d) none of these c) 3.6 m b) 12 m
137. An infinite line charge produce a field of 7.182  108 145. Charge enclosed by the surface are 5C, –2C and
N/C at a distance of 2 cm. The linear charge 3C. Charges outside the surface are +5C and
density is : +2C. Net effective charge over the surface is :
a) 7.27  10–4 C/m b) 7.98  10–4 C/m a) 6 C b) 13 C
c) 7.11  10–4 C/m d) 7.04  10–4 C/m c) 17 C d) 20 C
146. Electric intensity at a point just outside a charged a) area of the plate is decreased
conductor of any shape is : b) distance between the plates increases
  c) area of the plate is increased
a)  K b) 2  K d) dielectric constant decrease
0 0
153. Capacity of acapacitor is48 F. When it is charged
2 2 from 0.1 C to 0.5 C, change in the energy stored
c) d)
K 2K is :
147. A capacitor of 20 F is given a petential difference a) 2500 J b) 2.5  10–3 J
of 500V and a 10 F capacitor is charged through c) 2.5  106 J d) 2.42  10–2 J
a potential difference of 200V. What is the potential 154. A charged cylinder of radius 3 mm has surface
across each when they are connected in parallel ? density of charge 4 C/m2. It is placed in a
a) 200 V b) 400 V medium of dielectric constant 6.28. The electric
c) 600 V d) 800 V intensity at a point at a distance of 1.5 m from its
axis is :
148. A string is compressed by 2 mm by a force of
8 N and a condenser is charged through a potential a) 1.44 V/m b) 2.44 V/m
difference of 200V possess a charge of 80 C. c) 3 V/m d) 0.5 V/m
The ratio of the energy stored in the two bodies 155. If A is the area of each plate, charge on it is q
is : and potential difference is V then the distance
between the parallel plate capacitor is :
3
a) 1 b)
2 0 AV 0 AV
a) 2q b) q
1
c) 2 d)
2 2 0 AV AV
149. Condenser is a device used to store : c) q d) q
a) large charge at low potential
156. If n identical capacitors are connected in series
b) large charge at high potential and then parallel then the ratio of effective
c) less charge at low potential capacity in parallel and in series combination i.e.
d) less charge at high potential. CP
150. Two condensers each of capacity 4 F are is :
CS
connected in series and third condenser of
capacity 4 F is connected in parallel with the a) n b) 1 / n
combination. The equivalent capacitance of the 1
arrangement is : c) n2 d)
n2
a) 12 F b) 8 F
157. Two identical capacitors are first connected in
c) 6 F d) 2.65 F series and then in parallel. The difference between
151. The electric intensity outside a charged sphere their effective capacities is 3 F. The capacity
of radius R at a distance r (r > R) is : of each capacitor is :
R 2 r 2 a) 3 F b) 4 F
a)
0 r 2
b)
0 R 2 c) 2 F d) 5 F
158. Van de Graff generator produces :
r R a) high voltage and high current
c)  R d)  r
0 0 b) high voltage and low current
152. In a parallel plate capacitor, the capacity increase c) low voltage and high current
if : d) low voltage and low current
159. Surface density of charge on a sphere of radius 164. An electron of mass 'm' & charge 'q' is accelerated
'R' in terms of electric intensity 'E' at a distance from rest in a uniform electric field of strength
or' in free space is : 'E'. The velocity acquired by it as it travels a
[0 = permittivity of free space] distance '' is :
R
2
 ER  2Eq 
1/ 2
 2Eq 
1/ 2
a)  0 E   b) 0 2 a)   b)  
 r  r  m   m 
r 
2
0 Er  2Em 
1/ 2
 Eq 
1/ 2
c) 0 E   d) c) 
R R2  d)  
 q   m 
160. Two concentric spheres kept in air have radii 'R' 165. The electric field intensity at a point near and
and 'r'. They have similar charge and equal surface outside the surface of a charged conductor of
charge density '', The electric potential at their any shape is 'E1'. The electric field intensity due
common centre is : to uniformly charged infinite thin plane sheet is
[0 = permittivity of free space] 'E2'. The relation between 'E1' and 'E2' is :
(R  r) (R  r) a) 2 E1 = E2 b) E1 = E2
a) 0 b) 0 c) E1 = 2 E2 d) E1 = 4 E2
166. The capacity of a parallel plate air capacitor is
(R  r) (R  r) 2 F and voltage between the plates is changing
c) 2 0 d) 4 0
3V
at the rate of . The displacement current in
161. In air, a charged soap bubble of radius 'r' is in S
equilibrium having outside and inside pressures the capacitor is :
being equal. The charge on the drop is :
a) 2 F b) 3 F
[0 = permittivity of free space, T = surface tension
c) 5 F d) 6 F
of soap solution]
167. A capacitor C1 = 4 F is connected in series with
2T 0 4T 0 another capacitor C2 = 1 F. The combination is
a) 4r 2 b) 4r 2
r r connected across d.c. source of 200 V. The ratio
of potential across C2 to C1 is :
6T  0 8T 0 a) 2 : 1 b) 4 : 1
c) 4r 2 d) 4r 2
r r c) 8 : 1 d) 16 : 1
162. Two charges of equal magnitude 'q' are placed in 
air at a distance '2a' apart and third charge '–2q'
is placed at midpoint. The potential energy of the
system is :
q2 3q 2
a)  b) 
8 0 a 8 0 a
5q 2 7q 2
c)  d) 
8 0 a 8 0 a
163. The difference in the effective capacity of two
similar capacitors when joined in series and then
in parallel is 6 F. The capacity of each capacitor
is :
a) 2 F b) 4 F
c) 8 F d) 16 F
REVISION OUESTIONS 7. A capacitor of capacitance 2 F is charged to a

from Competitive Exams potential difference of 200 volt. After disconn-
ecting from the battery, it is connected in parallel
1. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is with an another uncharged capacitor. The
5 F. When a glass slab is placed between the common potential is 20 volt. The capacitance of
plates of the capacitor, its potential difference the second capacitor is :
1 a) 2 F b) 4 F
reduces to of the original value. The thickness
8 c) 18 F d) 16 F
of the slab is equal to the separation between the 8. Force acting upon a charged particle kept
plates. The value of the dielectric constant of between the plates of a charged capacitor is F.
glass is : If one of the plates of the capacitor is removed,
a) 1.6 b) 5 force acting on the same particle will become :
c) 8 d) 40 F
a) 0 b)
2. When a charge of 3 coulomb is placed in a uniform 2
electric field, it experiences a force of 3000 newton c) F d) 2 F
within this field, the potential difference between 9. The plates of a parallel plate capacitor are charged
two points separated by a distance of 1 cm is : up to 100 volt. A 2 mm thick plate is inserted
a) 10 volt b) 90 volt between the plates, then to maintain the same
c) 1000 volt d) 3000 volt potential difference, the distance between the
capacitor plates is increased by 0.6 mm. The
3. Three capacitors of capacitances 3 F, 9 F and
dielectric constant of the plate is :
18 F are connected once in series and another
time in parallels. The ratio of equivalent capacitances a) 5 b) 1.25
c) 4 d) 2.5
C  10. A condenser having a capacity 2.0 microfarad is
in the two cases  s  will be :
 Cp charged to 200 volts and then the plates of the
 
capacitor are connected to a resistance wire. The
a) 1 : 15 b) 15 : 1 heat produced in joules will be :
c) 1 : 1 d) 1 : 3 a) 4  104 Joule b) 4  1010 Joule
4. A medium of dielectric constant 'k' is introduced c) 4  10 Joule
–2
d) 2  10–2 Joule
between the plates of a parallel plate condenser. 11. In bringing an electron towards another electron,
As a result its capacitance : electrostatic potential energy of system :
a) Increases k times a) decreases b) increases
b) Decreases k times c) becomes zero d) remains same
c) Decreases k times 12. A 4 F conductor is charged to 400 volts and
d) Remains unchanged then its plates are joined through a resistance of
1 k. The heat produced in the resistance is :
5. The electric potential at the surface of an atomic
a) 0.16 J b) 1.28 J
nucleus (z = 50) of radius 9.0  10–13 cm is :
c) 0.64 J d) 0.32 J
a) 80 volt b) 8  106 volt
13. Four equal charges Q are placed at the four corners
c) 9 volt d) 9  105 volt
of a body of side a each. Work done in removing
6. The insulation property of air breakdown is a charge –Q from its centre to infinity is :
E = 3  106 volt per metre. The maximum charge
2Q 2
in coulomb that can be given to a sphere of a) 0 b)
diameter 5 metre is approximately : 40 a
a) 2  10–2 b) 2  10–3 2Q 2 Q2
c) d)
c) 2  10–4 d) 2  10–5 0 a 20 a
14. A parallel plate capacitor is charged and the c) work is constant on charge
charging battery is then disconnected. If the plates d) no work is done
of the capacitor are now moved apart by means
20. 1 volt is equal to :
of insulated handles :
a) 1 N/C b) 1 J/C
a) The charge on the capacitor increases
c) 1 N/S d) 1 J/S
b) The voltage across the plates decreases
21. If potential difference of a condenser (6 F) is
c) The capacitance increases
changed from 10V to 20V then increase in energy
d) The electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor is :
increases
a) 2  10–4 J b) 4  10–4 J
12
15. When 10 electrons are removed from a neutral
c) 3  10–4 J d) 9  10–4 J
metal sphere, the charge on the sphere becomes :
22. If a soap bubble is charged with negative charge,
a) 16 C b) – 16 C
its radius :
c) 32 C d) – 32 C
a) will decrease b) will increase
16. A point charge +q is placed at the mid-point of a
c) will remain same d) data is not sufficient
cube of side L. The electric flux emerging from
23. Two charged spheres separated at a distance d
the cube is :
exert a force F on each other. If they are immersed
q in a liquid of dielectric constant 2, then what is
a)  b) zero the force (if all conditions are same) :
0
F
6qL2 q a) b) F
c) d) 6L2  2
0 0
c) 2 F d) 4 F
17. A parallel plate condenser is filled with two 24. Equal charges are given to two spheres of
dielectrics as shown in fig. Area of each plate is different radii. The potential will :
Am2 and the separation is d metre. The dielectric
a) be more on the smaller sphere
constants are k1 & k2 respectively. Its capacitance
in farad will be : b) be more on the bigger sphere
c) be equal on both the spheres
d) depend on the nature of the material of the
sphere
25. The dielectric constant of metals is :
 0 Ak1k 2   0 A  k1  k 2  a) 1 b) Greater than 1
a)   b)  
 2(d 2 k1  d1k 2 )  d  2k1k 2  c) Zero d) Infinite
26. Eight dipoles of charges of magnitude e are placed
2 0 A  k1k 2  2 A  k  k 2  inside a cube. The total electric flux coming out
c)   d) 0  1 
d  k1  k 2  d  k1 k 2  of the cube will be :
18. The work done in carrying a charge of 5 C from 8e 16 e

a point A to a point B in an electric field is 10 mJ. a)  b) 
0 0
The potential difference (VB – VA) is then :
a) + 2 kV b) – 2 kV e
c)  d) zero
c) + 200 V d) – 200 V 0
19. If a unit positive charge is moving from one point 27. Number of electrons in one coulomb of charge
to other in an equipotential surface then : will be :
a) work is done on charges a) 5.46  1029 b) 6.25  1018
b) work is done by charges itself c) 1.6  1019 d) 9  1011
28. The unit of intensity of electric field is : a) decreases k times

a) newton/coulomb b) joule/coulomb b) remains unchanged
c) volt  metre d) newton/metre c) increases k times
29. A parallel plate capacitor is first charged and then d) increases k–1 times
a dielectric slab is introduced between the plates. 37. What is effective capacitance between points X
The quantity that remains unchanged is : and Y ?
a) Charge Q b) Potential V
c) Capacity C d) Energy U
30. To obtain 3 F capacity from three capacitors of
2 F each, they will be arranged :
a) All the three in series
b) All the three in parallel
c) Two capacitors in series and the third in
a) 24 F b) 18 F
parallel with the combination of first two
c) 12 F d) 6 F
d) Two capacitors in parallel and the third in
series with the combination of first two 38. A capacitor is charged to store an energy U. The
charging battery is disconnected. An identical
31. A body can be negatively charged by :
capacitor is now connected to the first capacitor
a) giving excess of electrons to it in parallel. The energy in each of the capacitors
b) removing some electrons from it is :
c) giving some protons to it
3U
d) removing some neutrons from it a) U b)
2
32. Electric potential of earth is taken to be zero,
because earth is a good : U U
c) d)
a) insulator b) conductor 2 4
c) semi-conductor d) dielectric 39. If q is the charge per unit area on the surface of
a conductor, then the electric field intensity at a
33. What is the area of the plates of a 3 F parallel
point on the surface is :
plate capacitor, if the separation between the
plates is 5 mm ? q
a)   normal to surface
a) 1.694  109 m2 b) 4.529  109 m2  0 
c) 9.281  109 m2 d) 12.981  109 m2
34. A parallel plate, condenser with oil between  q 
b)   normal to surface
the plates (dielectric constant of oil k = 2) has a  2 0 
capacitance C. If the oil is removed, then
capacitance of the capacitor becomes : q
c)   tangential to surface
a) b) 2 C  0 
2C
C C  q 
c) d) d)   tangential to surface
2 2  2 0 
35. In bringing an electron towards another electron, 40. A charge is placed at the centre of cube, the flux
the electrostatic potential energy of the system : emitted through its one face is :
a) decreases b) increases q q
c) becomes zero d) remains same a)  b) 2
0 0
36. When air is replaced by dielectric medium of

q q
constant k, the maximum force of attraction c) 6 d) 12
between two charges separated by a distance : 0 0
41. If the electric flux entering and leaving an enclosed 47. Hollow spherical conductor with a charge of
surface respectively is 1 and 2, the electric 500 C is acted upon by a force 562.5 N. What is
charge inside the surface will be : 
E at its surface ?
a) (1  2 )  0 b) ( 2  1 )  0 a) zero b) 1.125 N/C
c) 2.25  106 N/C d) 4.5  10–6 N/C
(1  2 ) (2  1 )
c) d) 48. An oil drop of radius 10–6 m carries charge equal
2 0
to that of 3 electrons. If density of the oil is 2  103
42. The charged spherical shell does not produce kg m–3, then electric field required to keep the
electric field at any : drop stationary is :
a) interior point b) outer point a) 1.71  105 Vm–1 b) 1.71  103 Vm–1
c) beyond 2 metres d) beyond 10 metres c) 1.71  106 Vm–1 d) 1.71 Vm–1
e) none of these 49. In the Davisson and Germer experiment, the
43. A cube of side b has a charge q at each of its velocity of electrons emitted from the electron
verticles. The electric field at the centre of the gun can be increased by :
cube will be : a) increasing the potential difference between the
anode and filament
q q
a) b) b) increasing the filament current
2 b2 b2 c) decreasing the filament current
2q d) decreasing the potential difference between
c) d) zero the anode and filament
b2
50. Two charges, each equal to q, are kept at x = –a
44. A charged particle of mass m and charge q is
 and x = a on the x-axis. A particle of mass m and
released from rest in an uniform electric field E.
q
Neglecting the effect of gravity, the kinetic energy charge q 0  is placed at the origin. If charge
of the charged particle after 't' second is : 2
q0 is given a small displacement (y << a) along
Eqm E2q 2 t 2 the y-axis, the net force acting on the particle is
a) b)
t 2m proportional to :
2E 2 T 2 Eq 2 m 1
c) d) a)  y b) y
mq 2t 2
45. An infinite number of electric charges, each equal 1
to 5 nano-coulombs (magnitude), are placed along c) – y d) y
X-axis at x = 1 cm, x = 2 cm, 4 cm, x = 8 cm .....
and so on. In this setup, if the consecutive charges 51. Two non-conducting solid spheres of radii R and
have opposite sign, then the electric field in 2R, having uniform volume charge densities 1
newton! coulomb at x = 0 is : and 2 respectively, touch each other. The net
electric field at a distance 2R from the centre of
 1  the smaller sphere, along the line joining the
  9  109 Nm 2 / c2 
 40  1
centres of the spheres, is zero. The ratio can
a) 12  104 b) 24  104 2
c) 36  10 4
d) 48  104 be :
46. A sphere of 0.2 m diameter bears 1 microcoulomb 32
charge on it. The maximum electric intensity at a a) – 4 b) 
25
point due to the sphere will be :
a) 9  109 N/C b) 9  10–9 N/C 32
c) d) 4
c) 9  105 N/C d) 9  10–5 N/C 25
52. Two non-conducting spheres of radii R1 and R2 56. Let E1(r), E2(r) & E3(r) be the respective electric
and carrying uniform volume charge densities + fields at a distance r from a point charge Q, an
and –, respectively, are placed such that they infinitely long wire with constant linear charge
partially overlap, as shown in the figure. At all density , and an infinite plane with uniform
points in the overlapping region : surface charge density .
If E1(r0) = E2(r0) = E3(r0) at a given distance r0,
then :
a) Q  4 r02

a) the electrostatic field is zero. b) r0 
2
b) the electrostatic potential is constant.
c) the electrostatic field is constant in magnitude r  r 
d) the electrostatic field has same direction c) E1  0   2E 2  0 
2 2
53. What is the flux through a cube of side a if a
point charge of q is at one of its corner :
r  r 
d) E 2  0   4E 3  0 
2q q 2 2
a)  b) 8
0 0
57. Charges Q, 2Q and 4Q are uniformly distributed
q q 2
in three dielectric solid spheres 1, 2 & 3 of radii
c)  d) 2 6a
0 0 R
, R and 2R respectively, as shown in figure. If
54. An electric dipole of moment p is placed in an 2
electric field of intensity E. The dipole acquires a magnitudes of the electric fields at point P at a
position such that the axis of the dipole makes an distance R from the centre of spheres 1, 2 and 3
angle e with the direction of the field. Assuming are E1, E2 and E3 respectively, then :
that the potential energy of the dipole to be zero
when  = 900, the torque and the potential energy
of the dipole will respectively be :
a) pE sin ,  pE cos 
b) pE sin ,  2pE cos 
c) pE sin , 2pE cos 
a) E1 > E2 > E3 b) E3 > E1 > E2
d) pE cos ,  pE sin 
c) E2 > E1 > E3 d) E3 > E2 > E1
55. In a uniformly charged sphere of total charge Q
58. Four charges Q1, Q2, Q3 & Q4 of same magnitude
and radius R, the electric field E is plotted as a
are fixed along the x-axis at x = –20, –a, +a and
function of distance from the centre. The graph
+2a respectively. A positive charge q is placed
which would correspond to the above will be :
on the positive y-axis at a distance b > 0. Four
options of the signs of these charges are given in
List-I. The direction of the forces on the charge
q is given in List-II. Match List-I with List-II and
a) b)
select the correct answer using the code given
below the lists :
c) d)
List-I List-II
0 r  5 r  40 r  5 r 
P. Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 1. +x a)    b)   
4 0  3 R  3 0  4 R 
all positive
Q. Q1, Q2 positive ; 2. –x 0 r  5 r  0 r  5 r 
c)    d) 4   
Q3, Q4 negative 3 0  4 R  3 0  3 R 
R. Q1, Q4 positive ; 3. +y 62. Four electric charges +q, +q, –q and –q are placed
Q2, Q3 negative at the corners of a square of side 2L (see figure).
S. Q1, Q3 positive ; 4. –y The electric potential at point A midway between
Q2, Q4 negative the two charges +q and +q is :
Code :
a) P – 3, Q – 1, R – 4, S – 2
b) P – 4, Q – 2, R – 3, S – 1
c) P – 3, Q – 1, R – 2, S – 4
d) P – 4, Q – 2, R – 1, S – 3
59. Two identical charged spheres are suspended by
strings of equal lengths. The strings make an
a)
1 2q
40 L

1 5 
angle of 300 with each other. When suspended in
a liquid of density 0.8 g cm–3, the angle remains 1 2q  1 
the same. If density of the material of the sphere is b)  1 
4 0 L  5
16 g cm–3, the dielectric constant of the liquid is :
a) 4 b) 3 1 2q  1 
1
4 0 L  
c)
c) 2 d) 1 5
60. A thin semi-circular ring of radius r has a positive
d) zero
charge q distributed uniformly over it. The net
 63. A spherical metal shell A of radius RA and a solid
field E at the centre O is : metal sphere B of radius RB (< RA) are kept far
apart and each is given charge +Q. Now they
are connected by a thin metal wire. Then :
a) E inside
A 0 b) Q A  Q B
A R B
c)  d) E on surface
 E on surface
B R A A B
q q 64. Two pith balls carrying equal charges are

a) 42  r 2 ĵ b)  42  r 2 ĵ suspended from a common point by strings of
0 0
equal length, the equilibrium separation between
q q them is r. Now the strings are rigidly clamped at
c)  22  r 2 ĵ d) 22  r 2 ĵ half the height. The equilibrium separation
0 0
between the balls now become :
61. Let there be a spherically symmetric charge
distribution with charge density varying as,
5 r 
(r)  0    upto r = R, and (r) = 0 for
4 R
r > R, where r is the distance from the origin.
The electric field at a distance r(r < R) from the
origin is given by :
a) 120 JC–1 b) – 120 JC–1

 2r   2r 
a)   b)   c) – 80 JC–1 d) 80 JC–1
 3  3 70. The electrostatic potential inside a charged
spherical ball is given by  = ar2 + b where r is
 r 
2
1
c)   d)  3  the distance from the centre ; a, b are constants.
2  2 Then the charge density inside the ball is :
65. A, B and C are three points in a uniform electric a) 6 a 0 b) 24  a 0 r
field. The electric potential is :
c) 6 a 0 r d) 24 a 0
71. The potential energy of a particle in a force field
A B
is, U   where A and B are positive
r2 r
a) maximum at C
constants and r is the distance of particle from
b) same at all the three points A, B and C the centre of the field. For stable equilibrium, the
c) maximum at A distance of the particle is :
d) maximum at B B 2A
66. Four point charges –Q, –q, 2q & 2Q are placed a) b)
2A B
one at each comer of the square. The relation
between Q and q for which the potential at the A B
c) d)
centre of the square is zero is : B A
1 72. This question has Statement 1 & Statement 2.
a) Q  q b) Q   Of the four choices given after the Statements,
q
choose the one that best describes the two
Statement.
1
c) Q  q d) Q  An insulating solid sphere of radius R has a
q
uniformly positive charge density . As a result
67. In a region, the potential is represented by of this uniform charge distribution there is a finite
V(x, y, z) = 6x – 8xy – 8y + 6yz value of electric potential at the centre of the
sphere, at the surface of the sphere and also at a
where V is in volts and x, y, z are in metres. The
point outside the sphere. The electric potential at
electric force experienced by a charge of 2
infinity is zero.
coulomb situated at point (1, 1, 1) is :
Statement 1. When a charge 'q' is taken from
a) 4 35 N b) 6 5 N the centre to the surface of the sphere its potential
c) 30 N d) 24 N q
energy changes by .
68. A conducting sphere of radius R is given a charge 3 0
Q. The electric potential and the electric field at
Statement 2. The electric field at a distance
the centre of the sphere respectively are :
r
Q r(r < R) from the centre of the sphere is .
a) both the zero b) zero and 3 0
40 R 2
a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true,
Q Q Q Statement 2 is the correct explanation of
c) and zero d) and Statement 1
40 R 40 R 40 R 2
b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true;

69. Assume that an electric field E  30x 2 ˆi exists Statement 2 is not the correct explanation of
in space. Then the potential difference VA – V0, Statement 1
where V0 is the potential at the origin and VA the c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false
potential at x = 2 m is : d) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true
73. A charge Q is uniformly distributed over a long

rod AB of length L as shown in the figure. The
electric potential at the point O lying at a distance
L from the end A is :
Q In 2 Q In 2
a) 4 L b) 8 L
0 0
Q Q
c) 4 L d) 4 L In 2 a) b)
0 0
74. A parallel plate condenser has a uniform electric

field E (V/m) in the space between the plates. If
the distance between the plates is d(m) and area
of each plate is A(m)2 the energy (joules) stored
in the condenser is : c) d)
E 2 Ad 1
a) b) 0 E 2 78. A parallel plate capacitor is made of two circular
0 2 plates separated by a distance of 5 mm and with
a dielectric of dielectric constant 2.2 between
1
c)  0 EAd d) 0 E 2 Ad them. When the electric field in the dielectric is
2 3  104 V/m, the charge density of the positive
75. A parallel plate capacitor has a uniform electric plate will be close to :
field E in the space between the plates. If the a) 6  10–7 C/m2 b) 3  10–7 C/m2
distance between the plates is d and area of each c) 3  104 C/m2 d) 6  104 C/m2
plate is A, the energy stored in the capacitor is :
79. A series combination of n1 capacitors, each of
1
2
E Ad value C1, is charged by a source of potential
a) 0 E 2 b) difference 4V. When another parallel combination
2 0
of n2 capacitors, each of value C2, is charged by
1 a source of potential difference V it has the same
c) 0 E 2 Ad d)  0 EAd (total) energy stored in it, as the first combination
2
has. The value of C2, in terms of C1, is then :
76. Two metallic spheres of radii 1 cm & 3 cm are given
charges of –1  10–2 C & 5  10–2 C, respectively. 2C1 n2
a) b) 16 C1
If these are connected by a conducting wire, the n1 n 2 n1
final charge on the bigger sphere is :
a) 2  10–2 C n2 16C1
c) 2 C1 d)
b) 3  10–2 C n1 n1 n 2
c) 4  10–2 C 80. A fully charged capacitor C with initial charge q0
d) 1  10 C –2 is connected to a coil of self inductance L at t = 0.
The time at which the energy is stored equally
77. Two thin dielectric slabs of dielectric constants
between the electric and the magnetic fields is :
K1 and K2 (K1 < K2) are inserted between plates
of a parallel plate capacitor, as shown in the figure. a) LC b)  LC
The variation of electric field 'E' between the plates
with distance 'd' as measured from plate P is 
c) LC d) 2 LC
correctly shown by : 4
81. A 2 F capacitor is charged as shown in figure.

E1 E1 1
The percentage of its stored energy dissipated a) 1 b) 
E2 E2 K
after the switch S is turned to position 2 is :
Q1 3 C 2K
c)  d) 
Q2 K C1 K
84. The electric field in a certain region is acting
radially outward and is given by E = Ar. A charge
a) 0 % b) 20 % contained in a sphere of radius 'a' centred at the
c) 75 % d) 80 % origion of the field, will be given by :
82. In the circuit shown in the figure, there are two a) 4 0 Aa 3 b)  0 Aa 3
parallel plate capacitors each of capacitance C.
The switch S1 is pressed first to fully charge the c) 4 0 Aa 2 d) A0 a 2
capacitor C1 and then released. The switch S2 is 85. A parallel plate air capacitor of capacitance C is
then pressed to charge the capacitor C2. After connected to a cell of emf V & then disconnected
some time, S2 is released and then S3 is pressed. from it. A dielectric slab of dielectric constant K,
After some time : which can just fill the air gap of the capacitor, is
now inserted in it. Which of the following is
incorrect ?
1 1 
a) a) The change in energy stored is CV 2   1
2  K 
b) The charge on the capacitor is not conserved
c) The potential difference between the plates
the charge on the upper plate of C1 is 2CV0
decreases K times
b) the charge on the upper plate of C1 is CV0
d) The energy stored in the capacitor decreases
c) the charge on the upper plate of C2 is 0 K times
d) the charge on the upper plate of C2 is –CV0 86. In the given circuit, charge Q2 on the 2 F capacitor
83. A parallel plate capacitor has a dielectric slab of changes as C is varied from 1 F to 3 F.
dielectric constant K between its plates that
1
covers of the area of its plates, as shown in
3
the figure. The total capacitance of the capacitor
is C while that of the portion with dielectric in
between is C1. When the capacitor is charged, Q2 as a function of 'C' is given properly by (figures
the plate area covered by the dielectric gets are drawn schematically and are not to scale) :
charge Q1 and the rest of the area gets charge
Q2. The electric field in the dielectric is E1 and
that in the other portion is E2. Choose the correct
option/options, ignoring edge effect : a) b)
c) d)
87. A uniformly charged solid sphere of radius R has Brain Teasers

potential V0 (measured with respect to  ) on its
1. The capacitance of a capacitor having air in
surface. For this sphere the equipotential surfaces
between the plates is C. If three dielectrics of
3V0 5V0 3V0 V0 same thickness and dielectric constants 2, 4, 6
with potentials , , & have radius
2 4 4 4 are placed between the plates so as to completely
R1, R2, R3 and R4 respectively.Then : fill the capacitor, the capacitance now will be
a) R1 = 0 and R2 < (R4 – R3) nearest to :
b) 2R < R4 a) 2 C b) 3 C
c) R1 = 0 and R2 > (R4 – R3) c) 4 C d) 5 C
d) R1  0 and (R2 – R1) > (R4 – R3) 2. You are given 8 metallic plates. Any two plates
are to be separated from each other so that the
88. A long cylindrical shell carries positive surface
capacitance of the capacitor formed by them is
charge  in the upper half and negative surface
1 F. What is the maximum capacitance one can
charge – in the lower half. The electric field
obtain with them ?
lines around the cylinder will look like figure given
in (Figures are schematic and not drawn to scale) : a) 2 F b) 4 F
c) 6 F d) none of the above
3. In the above question, what is the minimum
a) b) capacitance that one can have with the
combination ?
a) 0.25 F b) 0.50 F
c) 0.75 F d) none of the above
c) d) 4. An air capacitor C, is connected to a battery of
emf V. It acquires a charge Q and energy E. The
89. If potential (in volts) in a region is expressed as capacitor is then disconnected from the battery
V(x, y, z) = 6xy – y + 2yz, the electric field (in and a dielectric slab is introduced between the
N/C) at point (1, 1, 0) is : plates. Which of the following is true ?
a) V and Q decrease but E and C increase
a) (2iˆ  3jˆ  k)
ˆ
b) V remains unchanged but, Q, E & C increase
b) (6iˆ  9ˆj  k)
ˆ c) Q remains unchanged, C increases, V and E
decrease
c) (3iˆ  5jˆ  3k)
ˆ
d) Q and C increase but V and E decrease
d) (6iˆ  5jˆ  2k)
ˆ 5. In the above question, if the slab is introduced
keeping the capacitor connected to the battery,
90. A parallel plate air capacitor has capacity 'C',
then which of the following is true ?
distance of separation between plates is 'd' and
potential difference 'V' is applied between the a) V and Q decrease but E and C increase
plates. Force of attraction between plates of the b) V remains unchanged but Q, E and C increase
parallel plate air capacitor is : c) Q remains unchanged, C increases, V and E
decrease
CV 2 C2 V 2
a) b) d) Q and C increase but V and E decrease
d 2d 2
6. A parallel plate capacitor has area of each plate
2 2 2
CV CV as A, the separation between the plates is d and
c) d)
2d 2d it is charged to potential V, and then disconnected
from the battery. If a dielectric slab, completely

filling the capacitor is introduced, how much work
will be done in doing so :
11. A 10 F capacitor is charged by a battery of emf

1 V 2 0 A 1 V 2 0 A
a) b) 100 volt. The energy drawn from the battery, and
2 kd 2 k 2d
the energy stored in the capacitor, are respectively :
1  0 AV 2  1  a) 0.10 J and 0.05 J
c) 1  
2 d  k b) 0.05 J and 0
c) 1.0 mJ and 0.5 mJ
1 0 AV 2  1 
d) 1  2  d) 0.05 J and 0.05 mJ
2 d  k 
12. The figure below shows four capacitors connected
7. What will be the capacitance of a system of three
across a power supply of 310 V. What is the
parallel plates each of area A, separated by
charge and potential difference across the 4 F
distance d1 & d2 and having dielectrics of constant
capacitor ?
k1 and k2 ?
k1k 2 0 A k1k 2 0 A
a) k d  k d b) k d  k d
1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1
k1 k 2  0 A k1 k 2  0 A
c) k d  k d d) k d  k d
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1
8. An air filled parallel plate capacitor charged to a) 1200 F, 310 V b) 600 F, 310 V
potential V1 is connected to uncharged parallel c) 600 F, 150 V d) 1200 F, 150 V
plate capacitor having dielectric constant k. The 13. Five capacitors are connected to each other as
common potential of both is V2. What is the value shown below.
of k ?
V1  V2 V1  V2
a) V  V b) V1
1 2
V1  V2 V1
c) V2 d) V  V
1 2
9. Which of the following combinations of seven

identical capacitors each of 2 F gives a What is potential drop and charge across 4 F
capacitor ?
10
capacitance of F ? a) 6 V, 30 C b) 10 V, 30 C
11
c) 6 V, 40 C d) 10 V, 40 C
a) 5 in parallel with 2 in series
14. Five identical plates are connected across a
b) 4 in parallel with 3 in series battery as follows.
c) 3 in parallel with 4 in series
d) 2 in parallel with 5 in series
10. A number of capacitors, each of capacitance 1 F
and each one of which gets punctured if a potential
difference just exceeding 500 volt is applied, are
provided. Then an arrangement suitable for giving
a capacitor of capacitance 2 F across which
3000 volt may be applied requires at least :
a) 18 component capacitors If the charges on plate 1 be +q, then the charges
b) 36 component capacitors on the plates 2, 3, 4 and 5 are :
c) 72 component capacitors a) –q, +q, –q, +q b) –2q, +2q, –2q, +q
d) 144 component capacitors c) –q, +2q, –2q, +q d) none of the above
15. Three capacitors are connected across a 45 V 19. Figure below shows four plates each of area S
power supply as shown in the figure. What is the and separated from one another by a distance d.
charge on the 6 F capacitor ? What is the capacitance between A and B ?
 0S 20S
a) b)
a) 60 C b) 90 C d d
c) 120 C d) 180 C 30S 40S
16. A capacitor of capacitance 10 F is charged by c) d)
d d
connecting through a resistance of 20  and a
20. What is equivalent capacitance of the combination
battery of 20 V. What is the energy supplied by
shown in fig. below ?
the battery ?
a) Less than 2 mJ b) 2 mJ C1
a) b) C1
c) More than 2 mJ d) Cannot be predicted 2
17. The equivalent capacity across M and N in the c) 2 C1 d) 4 C1
following figure is : 21. What is equivalent capacitance of the combination
shown in fig. below ?
5 2
a) C b) C C1C2C3
3 3 a) C1  C 2  C 3 b) C  C  C
1 2 3
3
c) C d) C
2 C1C2
c) C2  C  C d) none of the above
18. Fig. below shows four plates each of area S and 1 3
separated from one another by a distance d. What

is the capacitance between A and B ?
 0S 20S
a) b)
d d
30S 40S
c) d)
d d
DINESH [MHT - CET] PHYSICS
Answer Key
MH Text Book Based MCQ's
01. (d) 26. (c) 51. (b) 76. (c) 101. (b) 126. (b) 151. (a)
02. (c) 27. (c) 52. (b) 77. (b) 102. (b) 127. (a) 152. (c)
03. (b) 28. (d) 53. (b) 78. (b) 103. (a) 128. (c) 153. (a)
04. (c) 29. (b) 54. (d) 79. (d) 104. (c) 129. (c) 154. (a)
05. (d) 30. (d) 55. (c) 80. (c) 105. (b) 130. (c) 155. (b)
06. (b) 31. (a) 56. (b) 81. (d) 106. (a) 131. (d) 156. (c)
07. (c) 32. (d) 57. (a) 82. (b) 107. (b) 132. (d) 157. (c)
08. (a) 33. (d) 58. (c) 83. (d) 108. (d) 133. (a) 158. (b)
09. (a) 34. (d) 59. (c) 84. (c) 109. (c) 134. (b) 159. (c)
10. (c) 35. (a) 60. (c) 85. (a) 110. (d) 135. (c) 160. (a)
11. (a) 36. (b) 61. (b) 86. (d) 111. (a) 136. (b) 161. (d)
12. (d) 37. (b) 62. (c) 87. (b) 112. (c) 137. (b) 162. (d)
13. (a) 38. (d) 63. (a) 88. (c) 113. (a) 138. (c) 163. (b)
14. (b) 39. (c) 64. (d) 89. (d) 114. (b) 139. (c) 164. (a)
15. (a) 40. (a) 65. (d) 90. (c) 115. (c) 140. (a) 165. (c)
16. (d) 41. (c) 66. (c) 91. (a) 116. (d) 141. (a) 166. (d)
17. (c) 42. (c) 67. (b) 92. (d) 117. (b) 142. (d) 167. (b)
18. (a) 43. (b) 68. (d) 93. (b) 118. (b) 143. (b)
19. (b) 44. (b) 69. (b) 94. (c) 119. (d) 144. (c)
20. (d) 45. (d) 70. (b) 95. (a) 120. (d) 145. (a)
21. (c) 46. (a) 71. (c) 96. (d) 121. (c) 146. (a)
22. (a) 47. (c) 72. (d) 97. (b) 122. (a) 147. (b)
23. (c) 48. (d) 73. (a) 98. (d) 123. (b) 148. (a)
24. (a) 49. (d) 74. (c) 99. (c) 124. (b) 149. (a)
25. (a) 50. (d) 75. (b) 100. (a) 125. (d) 150. (c)
REVISION QUESTIONS from Competitive Exams.

01. (c) 14. (d) 27. (b) 40. (c) 53. (b) 66. (a) 79. (d)
02. (a) 15. (a) 28. (a) 41. (b) 54. (a) 67. (a) 80. (c)
03. (a) 16. (a) 29. (a) 42. (a) 55. (d) 68. (c) 81. (d)
04. (a) 17. (c) 30. (c) 43. (d) 56. (c) 69. (c) 82. (b,d)
05. (b) 18. (a) 31. (a) 44. (b) 57. (c) 70. (a) 83. (a,d)
06. (b) 19. (d) 32. (b) 45. (c) 58. (a) 71. (b) 84. (a)
07. (c) 20. (b) 33. (a) 46. (c) 59. (c) 72. (d) 85. (c)
08. (b) 21. (-) 34. (d) 47. (b) 60. (c) 73. (a) 86. (d)
09. (a) 22. (b) 35. (b) 48. (a) 61. (a) 74. (d) 87. (a,b)
10. (c) 23. (a) 36. (a) 49. (a) 62. (c) 75. (c) 88. (c)
11. (b) 24. (a) 37. (d) 50. (b) 63. (a,b,c,d) 76. (b) 89. (d)
12. (d) 25. (d) 38. (d) 51. (b,d) 64. (d) 77. (d) 90. (d)
13. (c) 26. (d) 39. (a) 52. (c,d) 65. (d) 78. (a)
BRAIN TEASERS
01. (b) 04. (c) 07. (b) 10. (c) 13. (d) 16. (c) 19. (c)
02. (d) 05. (b) 08. (c) 11. (a) 14. (b) 17. (a) 20. (b)
03. (a) 06. (a) 09. (c) 12. (c) 15. (b) 18. (b)
Hints & Solutions 49

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DGT MH –CET 12th PHYSICS Study Material 1

1. Electric charge exists on electrons and protons.

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

19. Values of k of a few typical materials are as Electric Field Lines

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

Fig. 35.1 Fig. 43.1

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

2. Closed surface having equal

3. Closed surface enclosing no

4. A cavity enclosing certain charge.

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

Charge Arrangement Figure Value of 

7. A cube having charge q placed at

8. A cube having charge q placed at

9. A cube having charge q placed at

10. A hemisphere enclosing charge q

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

Since Q  R , hence

59. a) Single isolated point charge is called monopole.

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

61. The work done in moving a unit test charge

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

79. A charged conductor behaves as a shell of charge, 1 Q

For points outside the conductor, the 1

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

86. a) Electrostatic potential energy of a conductor

r0 88. Capacitor. It is device to increase the capacitance

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

90. The capacitor is charged by connecting it across

1 1 q2 1 2 93. If the medium between the plates consists of

92. a) If we have a number of dielectric slabs of

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

q q V That is, the potential difference is inversely

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

96. Capacitors in parallel h) Total energy stored on the combination is,

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

b) The equivalent dielectric constant, in this case

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

In other words, the charges on the conductors

104. Definition of dielectric constant

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

33. A cubical gaussian surface encloses 30C of charge.

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

39. Electric intensity is equal to : a) zero b) 3 NC–1

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

95. In the question 93, if the capacitance of the a) 16 V b) 8 V

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

138. An electron experiences a force equal to its

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

DGT GROUP TUTITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS