UNIT IV

ALGEBRAIC SYSTEMS

THEOREMS

Properties of groups:
1. Identity element of a group is unique.
2. In a group  G,* , the left and right cancellation laws are true.
3. The inverse element of a group is unique.
4. Prove that only idempotent element of a group is its identity element.
5. In a group  a 1   a, a  G .
1

6. If a and b are the elements of a group  G,* . Show that  a  b   b  a

1 1 1

Abelian groups:
7. For any group G , if a 2  e with a  e , then G is abelian.
8. Prove that a group  G,* is abelian iff  a * b   a 2 * b2 ,  a, b G .
2

9. If  G,* is an abelian group, show that  a * b   a n * bn , for all a, b  G , where n is positive integer.
n

PROBLEMS
Groups and abelian groups:
 
1. Show that Q  ,* is abelian a group where * is defined by a * b 
ab
2
, a, b  Q  .

2. Show that  R  {1},  is an abelian group, where  is defined by a  b  a  b  ab , for all a, b  R .

3. Show that  Z5 , 5  is an abelian group.
4. Show that  Z5 , 5  is an abelian group or not.
5. Prove that set A  1, ,  2  is an abelian group under usual multiplication, where 1, ,  2 are cube
roots of unity and  3  1.
6. Show that G  1, 1, i, i consisting of 4th root of unity is a commutative group under
multiplication.
a b  
7. If M 2 is a set of 2  2 non-singular matrices over R , M 2     , a, b, c, d  R & ad  bc  0 ,
 c d  
then prove that  M 2 ,  is a group, where  is usual multiplication. Is it Abelian group?
 x x
8. Let G denotes the set of all matrices of the form   , where x  R . Prove that G is a group under
 x x
multiplication.
9. If A = {1, 3, 7, 9}, then check if A is an abelian group under multiplication modulo 10.
10. Find all the cosets of the sub group H  1, 1 in G  1, 1, i, i with the operation multiplication.
11. Find the left cosets of 0 , 3 in the addition modular group  Z ,   .
6 6

12. Let G  1, a, a 2 , a3  a 4  1 be a group and H  1, a 2  is a subgroup of G under multiplication.
Find all the cosets of H .
13. Consider the group Z 4  0,1, 2,3 of integers of modulo 4. Let H  0, 2 be a subgroup of  Z 4 ,  4  .
Find the left cosets of H in Z 4 .

14. Obtain all the left cosets of

0,3 in group
 Z6 , 6  .