CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

1.1 Introduction

Unquestionably, one of the most basic necessities as humans is transportation. We would

most likely struggle to go about our everyday lives without it. All the pleasures and demands

of life are beyond the grasp of our static bodies, so we require transportation. In the

Philippines, the maritime industry plays a crucial role in achieving both socioeconomic

advancement and inclusive growth. Maritime transportation continues to be the primary means

of connecting islands and linking the nation to global trade and business. A seaport terminal

or marine terminal is a facility in a port where cargo is handled. Terminals contain facilities for

loading, unloading, and storing cargo.

As an archipelago with an extensive number of ports, the Philippines confronts the

problem of implementing reforms and making significant expenditures to modernize as many

ports as possible. Nowadays, the demand for water transportation is growing due to the rapid

increase of individual demand for transferring passenger and goods. The application and

development of new technology is done to enhance maritime transportation. In terms of the

investment opportunity, the Philippine government promotes private sector involvement in port

development, port operations, and seaport construction as entryways to various tourist areas.

Development of hotel and modernization of sea ports all over to improve the flow of goods

going in to, out of, and around the country are also proposed because when waiting in a

seaport terminal, passengers often complain about various forms of discomfort and find it

difficult to stay there because there is nowhere to go for temporary housing or to keep safe

while still being able to meet their demands. In our nation, there are very few locations where

terminals are dedicated to providing amenities that meet human requirements.

The study focuses on the Proposed Seaport Terminal and Hotel in Roxas, Oriental

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 Mindoro that will provide solutions to the increasing number of passengers travelling to

Romblon, Caticlan, Malay, Aklan, Marinduque, Quezon and other proposed new routes going

to Cebu and provide satisfaction to the commuters through water and land that will improve

the local economy and somehow provide comfortable and decent accommodation for

emergencies and leisure as well as a coastal commercial area for stranded passengers along

the port and terminal.

1.2 Background of the study

The Philippines counts on the maritime sector as an essential component in achieving

equitable development and socio-economic progress. Maritime transportation continues to be

the primary means of connecting islands and linking the nation to global trade and business.

A diligent and contemporary Philippine-registered fleet, strengthened by skilled seamen and

competent shipbuilding facilities, will facilitate trade stability, foster national advancement, and

support national security.

For an archipelagic nation like the Philippines, the importance of maritime

transportation in maintaining an interconnected and well-coordinated transportation network

cannot be overstated. The efficiency of aviation and marine transportation has grown more

and more important to growth and competitiveness since a large portion of domestic and

international trade, travel, and tourism are conducted by air or sea. In order to overcome the

many obstacles in the way of developing a contemporary, effective air and sea transportation

system, legislative and regulatory barriers must be removed, and airport and seaport networks

and infrastructure must be modernized and streamlined. Seaports and sea linkages' ongoing

capacity expansion will therefore continue to be a key area of development.

The island of Mindoro was identified by Chinese as the land “Ma’I” where Ma’I people

were believed to be dealing with traders from other parts of archipelago and Southeast Asia.

The eastern part of the island, known as Oriental Mindoro, is located roughly 140 kilometers

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southwest of Manila. The Verde Island Passage borders it on the north, Semirara and Antique

border it on the south, Occidental Mindoro borders it on the west, and Marinduque,

Concepcion, Romblon, and Tablas strait border it on the east. There are one component city

and fourteen municipalities that make up the province.

Oriental Mindoro is a popular tourism destination for visitors, tourists, and regular

passengers due to its rich scenic rationale. The claimed province is rich in slate deposits and

mineral resources. It is also a significant rice transporter to Manila and other parts of Luzon,

contributing to the area's growing agricultural status. In addition, the island of Mindoro plays a

significant role in boosting the country’s interconnectivity as it serves as a gateway for

passengers and goods coming from Luzon to Visayas and Mindanao and vice versa. Apart

from seamlessly connecting these regions, the newly launched ports could also boost the

tourism industry in the island of Mindoro and nearby areas.

Oriental Mindoro has just one city, Calapan City, which serves as the capital. One of

its municipalities, Roxas, is the smallest land area among the towns of Oriental Mindoro yet it

has incomparably large opportunities for investments being a jump-off station for tourists. It

also serves as gateway to other island destinations and is famous for the magnificent San

Rafael Cave where adventure-seekers enjoy spelunking and cave exploration. In addition,

Roxas was already regarded as a rice and corn producing municipality of Southern Oriental

Mindoro when it was established as a separate municipality. This is because these crops are

produced in astounding quantities on extremely rich soil.

According to UNESCAP, maritime transport is the backbone of international trade and

a key engine driving globalization and competitiveness. Around 80% of global trade by volume

and over 70% by value is carried by sea, as per the UNCTAD estimate. The Maritime Industry

Authority (MARINA), an attached agency of the Department of Transportation and

Communications (DOTC), performs promotion and developmental as well as supervisory and

regulatory functions over four (4) major sectors of the Philippine maritime industry. MARINA

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functions cover domestic shipping; overseas shipping; ship building and ship repair; and

maritime manpower sectors.

The "ro-ro" or roll-on/roll-off system has already been utilized in the country as an

alternative means of transportation for long distance travels. It is quickly becoming a popular

mode of transportation since it allows passengers to unwind more on lengthy trips as there is

no need to change vehicles and their bags are kept safely in one location the entire time.

Because of this, the Philippine government is experimenting with the plan of building a

number of port terminals for land and sea transportation vehicles on the country's western

shores in collaboration with the surrounding Asian nations. By acting as bridges between the

land and the sea, these terminals will enable the loading of land vehicles onto big sea

vessels for transfer to another terminal at a different location. As a result, the "ro-ro" will

become a recognized mode of transportation in the country.

Under the Road RORO Terminal System (RRTS), 18 of the 32 identified routes are

now served by 41 shipping companies deploying 129 vessels. Eight companies are also

serving 15 RORO missionary routes. The development of nautical highways demonstrated

the potential of intermodal integration to improve inter-island connectivity. The RORO-

enabled ports and new RORO ferry routes augmented the capacity of the existing port

infrastructure to carry traffic, and were aimed at providing an alternative to longer-distance

inter-island shipping.

The construction of hotels and the modernization of seaports across the country are

also suggested in order to enhance the flow of goods into, out of, and throughout the

country. Passengers frequently complain about various forms of discomfort while waiting in

seaport terminals, and they find it difficult to stay there because there is nowhere to go for

short-term lodging or to stay safe while still being able to meet their preferences. There

aren't many places in our country where terminals are devoted to offering amenities that

satisfy human needs.

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 The merging of hotel and seaport design has been chosen for a number of convincing

reasons. First off, because it is unyielding and constant, the facility's users will warmly

welcome this brand-new setting. Next, brainwave research for hotel and seaport design

facilities may be able to meet some of the basic requirements of a person while they are in a

seaport terminal. Then, it has the potential to partially restore our basic human desires,

interests, and leisure in response to the aforementioned necessities. Lastly, it can help to

enhance seamless connectivity among neighboring islands and promote vibrant trade which

will result to more development in the countryside.

Integrating this new concept will bring significant improvement of taking new approach

in designing such facility. Its focus is to make comfortable as possible for the target users while

staying in a seaport terminal.

The study is to address the increasing issues of marine passenger accommodations,

user security risks, local tourism marketing, connecting the province to other islands in Luzon

and parts of the Visayas and considering the safety and comfort of the users. The proponent

aims to construct the seaport terminal and hotel in a novel way with the help of this research.

A breakthrough that will help transform the common use and design of a port.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

Oriental Mindoro is a tourist destination in itself for tourist and travelers and serves an

important role in the country as one of the major food suppliers in the Philippines. The seaport

terminals in Oriental Mindoro currently have to deal with an increasing amount of growing

passenger numbers and cargo congestion in accordance with the province's development.

Moreover, people take hours of waiting for a van or jeep to travel to the city due to lack of

terminal and no direct sea-vessel access from Roxas to other parts of the country that makes

travelling dense and uncomfortable-- thus, a seaport terminal would have been a necessity.

However, there are several findings in construction of this port:

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 (a) The existing port is partially operational

(b) The facility must be upgraded to be disaster-resistant and incompliance with the

green code in order to address these issues.

(c). The current level of service provided by the terminal to caterers needs to be

enhanced in terms of comfort and convenience.

(d). The factors that would affect the design and development of the proposed

development.

(e). Benefits of the proposed development to the regional and the local community

(f). Design that will work best for the proposed development and be sufficient to meet

the needs of both locals and visitors.

Thus, the necessity of this development could make the port more efficient to serve

the growing economic demands and will make the municipality of Roxas more prolific through

these developments.

1.4 Significance of the Study

Through this study, the proposed seaport and hotel will help to contribute new

innovations or ideas for development, improvement and planning of port facilities in the

Philippines that are part of the Strong Republic Nautical Highway (SRNH), it will also benefit

the following:

(a). To the community individuals of Roxas, Oriental Mindoro, the proposed seaport

terminal will provide more job opportunities. enhancing the municipality's economy and

creating a nice place to live. The study will incorporate sustainability and efficiency principles

to improve the environment and enable Port handle the growing number of travelers.

(b). To the municipal government of Roxas, the study is able to apply its results to

make and innovate in terms of seaport terminal and hotel developing and all the future

developments within the area. These growths can make significant changes in the financial

standing of the province and its neighboring municipalities.

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 (c). The study will offer future users of the proposed seaport terminal and hotel a

strategy that would facilitate hassle-free travel and stays in the passenger terminals, a new

environment that will differ from the ports that are already in use.

(d). To the future researchers of the same or related study, the proposal may be used

as a reference for their studies. This will offer crucial information about the growth of the

seaport terminal and hotel. This study can be a tool to enhance the Municipality of Roxas.

1.5 Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study are sectioned into two parts such as the project objectives

and the design objectives. This matter is presented for readers to perceive why the study is

conducted.

1.5.1. Project Objectives

(a) To guarantee that port restrictions will not hinder economic growth and the

development of jobs.

(b) To boost Roxas Port's operational effectiveness and economic stability so that it

can better serve the public and maintain security.

(c) To provide lodging for travelers who become stranded in unexpected emergencies

and untimely needs of calamities.

(d) To study the proper site to reduce environmental impact and development cost.

1.5.2. Design Objectives

(a) The main goal of the study is to offer a contemporary approach on the seaport and

hotel that may be used to the design and operation of the buildings.

(b) To design a port terminal and hotel structure that is more attractive and easier to

use that will promote travel inside the region.

(c) To offer innovative and cutting-edge construction techniques so that the port can

have a more efficient and well-planned facility circulation system.

(d) develop a unique design and branding that sets the seaport terminal and hotel apart

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and appeals to a particular demographic or theme.

(e) To design a passenger friendly port that prioritizes the welfare and safety of the

user.

1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study focuses on the proposed A Proposed Seaport Terminal and Hotel that

includes the Physical, Environmental and Social aspects of the project. The composition of

the study is as follows:

1. Architectural Planning and Design

2. Site Planning

3. Economic Feasibility Study of Development

4. Project Cost and Return of Investment

The scopes of the development of the project are the following:

1. Passenger Terminal for Fast Ferry and RoRo Travelers

2. Building Administration for Ports

3. Passenger Terminal with Multiple Modals

4. Development of Coastal Communities

5. Waterfront Lodge

5. Utility Structure

6. Both Public and Private Parking

8. Outdoor spaces

9.Scheme for Vehicle Traffic

Limitations

The study is focused on the architectural aspects, but utilized essential details need to

create the concept of the proposed development. This study was limited on details regarding

engineering projects such as detailed mechanical, electrical, structural, seismic assessment

on the reaction of the structure to earthquake, plumbing, sanitary designs, and specifications

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writing of materials used unless supporting details were provided to support the design

concept.

1.7 Theoretical Framework

Phoenix:
“Representing Innovations and
Human-centered
Opportunistic Options to design theory
Illustrate Architectural
Breakthroughs”

Figure 1. Theoretical Framework

Human-centered design theory

HCD is a design approach that prioritizes user needs, producing products and services

that are efficient and simple to employ. Groups who foster HCD create a culture of focusing

on the user when creating products or building structures, keeping them at the heart of the

product development process. You come up with specialized solutions that meet their needs

after considering their preferences, restrictions, and other factors.

In addition to include co-designing and cooperation, it starts with the people and helps

you develop empathy for your users, which will boost your confidence in your ideas. The

concept of "start wide, go narrow" calls for both divergent and convergent thinking. Interact

with users to identify as many issues as you can, then concentrate on solving those issues.

HCD focus on human-centered design principles, with an emphasis on user

experience and safety. Consider the needs and comfort of seaport users, including workers,

passengers, and the local community.

“We shape our buildings; thereafter they shape us”

-Winston Churchill

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 A building is the product of the designers' vision, but once it is inhabited, the residents

and employees begin to adopt the characteristics of the structures they live in. As a result, as

society grows, so do the buildings, which serve as notable landmarks and important reminders

of human history. It is altered throughout time, and a designer is capable of producing these

structures. An architect might have an indirect impact on culture when he or she reshapes or

modifies an existing architectural design. Winston Churchill just simply means the building

itself will reflects to its users.

1.8 Conceptual Framework

The concept derived from different sources like books, journals, and studies conducted

provided insights which made possible in the emergence of a clear understanding of the

conceptual framework of this study.

Factors Affecting the Solution

• Unique Characteristic
• Effective Planning
• Space Requirements
Problems Encountered
• Environmental Considerations
• The existing port is
partially operational • Design Feasibility
• Upgrading facilities • Safety and comfortability of the users
• Level of service
• Factors that would
affect the design
• Benefits of the
proposed development
• Meeting the needs of
the users
Design Concept: A Proposed Seaport
Terminal and Hotel
Phoenix

Process Output
Input
Figure 2. Conceptual Framework

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1.9 Definition of Terms

CONTEXTUAL DEFINITIONS

Accommodation - something supplied for convenience or to satisfy a need such as lodging,

food, and services or traveling space and related services. usually used in plural. tourist

accommodations on the boat

Archipelago – is an area that contains a chain or group of islands scattered in lakes, rivers,

or the ocean

Cargo - goods carried on a ship, aircraft, or motor vehicle.

Congestion – it usually relates to an excess of vehicles on a portion of roadway at a particular

time resulting in speeds that are slower—sometimes much slower—than normal or "free flow"

speeds.

Economy - the wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the

production and consumption of goods and services

Gateway - a network node used in telecommunications that connects two networks with

different transmission protocols together.

Interconnected - to connect with one another

Ports - a town or city with a harbor where ships load or unload, especially one where customs

officers are stationed

Terminal - an area or location which serves as a pathway for handling transport process

(loading and/or unloading cargo) or it can also act as a transfer point for passengers.

Travel - go from one place to another, typically over a distance of some length.

Transportation - the action of transporting someone or something or the process of

being transported.

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OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

Hotel - an establishment providing accommodations, meals, and other services for travelers

and tourists

Mindoro – a province in the Philippines where municipality of Roxas located.

Passengers - someone who is travelling in seawater vehicles but is not driving it or working

on it.

RoRo - Roll-on/Roll-off. It's a type of vessel designed to transport wheeled cargo that can be

driven on and off the ship using its own power.

Roxas – a municipality where a proposed seaport terminal and hotel located.

Seaport – a municipality of Roxas with a harbor for seagoing ships.

Abbreviations

DOTC - Department of Transportation and Communications

HCD - Human-centered Design

Ro-ro - Roll-on/Roll-off

RRTS - Road RORO Terminal System

SRNH - Strong Republic Nautical Highway

UNCTAD - The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNESCAP - United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

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 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

This chapter presents the related literature reviewed by the proponent of the study.

Both foreign and local researchers related to the proposed project were considered here to

gain insights of the study.

2.1 Foreign Researches

Figure 4: Galata Port, Istanbul

Source: Pinterest

Galata port is a mixed-use development located along 1.2 km of shore in

the Karaköy (formerly called Galata) neighborhood of Istanbul, Turkey on the European shore

of the Bosporus strait near its confluence with the Golden Horn right in the heart of the city. It

includes the city's cruise ship terminal, around 250 shops and restaurants, a Peninsula hotel,

the Istanbul Modern art museum, and other cultural and entertainment facilities; the complex

also hosts festivals.

Galata Port Istanbul, on the Karakoy coastline of Turkey's biggest city, is undoubtedly

one of the world's most impressive cruise ports. Galata Port's bustling waterfront development

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embodies that spirit and perfectly encapsulates Istanbul's dynamism. Galata Port is also right

on the Golden Horn's shores and close to other districts like Beyoğlu, making this area part of

Istanbul's vibrant urban fabric. With a strong maritime heritage, the district has always excelled

in seafaring routes. Still, Galata Port really put it on the map for cruise ship travel. The cruise

port also boosted the lifestyle trends of locals and the values of nearby properties.

Figure 5: Isfahan City Center, Iran

Source: Pinterest

Isfahan City Center is a major mixed-use development project located in Isfahan, Iran.

It is one of the largest commercial and recreational complexes in the country and the Middle

East. The project was initiated to transform the urban landscape of Isfahan and provide a

modern, comprehensive center for shopping, entertainment, and various other services.

The development includes commercial office spaces, catering to businesses and

professionals looking for a central and modern location to operate from. The design often

incorporates contemporary elements while respecting the cultural and historical context of

Isfahan, a city known for its rich architectural heritage. Some developments may include

spaces for cultural events, exhibitions, or community gatherings. These areas contribute to

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the social fabric of the development, fostering community engagement.

Figure 6: Raffles Medical Hospital

Source: Pinterest

Raffles Hospital is a private medical facility known for providing a comprehensive range

of healthcare services, from general medical care to specialized treatments. It is a tertiary care

private hospital located in Singapore and operated by Raffles Medical Group. It serves as a

flagship facility within the group and offers a broad spectrum of medical services, including

primary care, specialized medical and surgical services, diagnostics, and wellness programs.

A built around the needs of our patients, providing specialist services combined with some of

the most advanced medical technology.

The hospital is known for its commitment to incorporating state-of-the-art medical

technology, ensuring that patients receive the most advanced and effective treatments

available. Incorporating natural light and green spaces within the hospital contributes to a

healing environment. It has a large windows, atriums, or outdoor areas to bring in natural

elements.

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 Figure 7: Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center
Source: Pinterest

The Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center is situated in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province,

China. It was completed in 2018 and it is used mostly for soccer matches. The main

stadium was designed with a capacity of 80,000 spectators. The sports center was planned to

be a key venue for the 2022 Asian Games, hosting various sporting events. The architectural

design of the sports center was intended to be modern and capable of accommodating a

variety of sports. It would likely include state-of-the-art facilities for different Hangzhou was

chosen as the host city for the 2022 Asian Games, and the Olympic Sports Center was

expected to be a central location for the games, showcasing a range of sports and attracting

athletes and spectators from across Asia.t events, including stadiums, arenas, and other

sports facilities.

The parametric design process of the Hangzhou Center started immediately after

determining the geometry of the envelope. NBBJ intends to reduce the amount of steel that

will be used for the envelope structure in order to model an efficient shell that provides the

spectators with a clear field of vision. Consequently, the resultant shell successfully achieves

the previous goals with 24 steel trusses that bond with the concrete bowl, and reduces the

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steel consumption by 67% of the intended amount. This achievement truly

demonstrates successful parametric design.

Figure 8: Liuxiandong-Plot A4+B2

Source: ArchDaily

The project is located in the Dashahe Innovation Zone in Nanshan District, Shenzhen,

and in the North District of the Science and Technology Park. It is the North Green Corridor

site in the planning of the 9th Neighborhood of the headquarters of Liuxiandong. Vanke would

like to take this opportunity to create a creative park-design community in the North Green

Corridor that integrates the upstream and downstream of the industry chain. Vanke and the

project overall planning unit URBANUS selected and convened the design units, and finally

determined that the design of the first start-up area of the 05-02, 05-01 plot should be

completed through Cluster Design under the guidance of URBANUS.

The design incorporates lighting patios, traffic stairs and exchange platforms in places

where there is a split-level height difference, creating a space that is both varied and

interesting. The design development use exposed concrete, steel, glass and other natural

17
materials for construction. It has been made clear that a park with unified language, rich space

and diverse products should be created.

2.2 Local Researches

This study also includes local researches that serve as basis for the present study.

This makes the proposed project relevant to the Philippine community.

Figure 9: Sofitel Philippine Plaza

Source: Pinterest

The Sofitel Philippine Plaza Manila is a luxury hotel in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines

under the Sofitel hotel chain of AccorHotels. It is a thoughtfully elegant and thoroughly modern

resort on the majestic Manila Bay. It was established in 1976 as the first hotel in the Philippines

of international caliber and was designed by Philippine National Artist Leandro Locsin.

Sofitel has a significant international presence, with hotels and resorts located in key

cities and exotic destinations around the world. These locations often reflect a blend of local

culture and the brand's signature French elegance. It is often catered to business travelers

and events, offering state-of-the-art meeting and event spaces for conferences, weddings,

and other occasions. Sofitel is known for incorporating local cultural influences into its design

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and services.

It is synonymous with luxury, offering well-appointed rooms and suites designed to

provide a comfortable and indulgent stay. The hotel interiors often feature a sophisticated

blend of modern design and classic elements. At a prime location, the hotel attracts

international and local travelers alike with its signature Filipino brand of hospitality and the

French joie de vivre. Unwind in tropical elegance with spectacular Manila Bay sunsets, lavish

surrounds and an exquisite French touch at Sofitel Philippine Plaza. This approach adds a

unique touch to each property, allowing guests to experience the essence of the destination.

Figure 10: Parqal

Source: businessmirror.com

Aseana City claims that one of its key priorities is sustainable development. This is why

the company says it has procured 100 percent renewable energy sources. It has also tapped

urban planners and architects to adapt prevailing global concepts and standards.

Parqal, a word plays from the terms Park and Kalye, is a five-hectare mixed-use

campus development that has a gross floor area (GFA) of 78,000 sq.m.. It is composed of

nine independent four-storey buildings that will traverse the entire length of area between

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Macapagal Boulevard and Diokno Road. The whole stretch of the development is climate

protected through its “floating” canopy made of ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene), a type of

sustainable material that is designed for natural light, lightweight and durability. Moreover, the

project is designed to be porous with multiple entrance and exit points which will further

promote walkabilty and pedestrian mobility for Aseana City.

Figure 11. NUVALI by Ayala Land

Source: https://www.ayalaland.com.ph/estates/nuvali

Nuvali is a large-scale, mixed-use development located in the southern part of Metro

Manila, Philippines. It is developed by Ayala Land, one of the country's leading real estate

developers. Nuvali is designed as an eco-friendly and sustainable community, integrating

residential, commercial, recreational, and natural elements.

Ayala Malls Solenad aids with Nuvali's "Evoliving," a lifestyle and cultural hub that

honors design, architecture, and craftsmanship and draws weekend warriors on the go, as

well as Seda Hotel Nuvali, which offers resort-style accommodations and elegant event

facilities for business gatherings, seminars, and weddings.

This comprehensive self-sufficient eco-city accommodates a multitude of residential

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neighborhoods, commercial buildings, including the LEED Silver shopping malls, elite schools,

accredited NUVALI One Evotech, and the 150-room hotel Seda. As a true platform for outdoor

exploration enthusiasts, NUVALI has outdoor features like hiking trails, a wildlife and bird

sanctuary, a 35-kilometer mountain biking trail, Camp N teambuilding opportunities, and

camping areas.

Figure 12. Century City Mall

Source: stgileshotels.com

Century City Mall is a prominent shopping and lifestyle destination located in Makati

City, Metro Manila, Philippines. The mall of modern Makati, is a destination lifestyle shopping

and entertainment complex with a vibrant range of shops, services, specialty dining, and the

most cutting-edge cinemas in Metro Manila. A balance of delight and wellness is further

encouraged by a design that features a series of stepped sky courts as external terraces that

provide areas for social interaction.

The mall is part of the larger Century City development and is developed by Century

Properties Group, one of the leading real estate developers in the Philippines. Century City

Mall includes entertainment facilities such as cinemas, providing visitors with the opportunity

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to enjoy the latest films in a comfortable and modern setting. It often hosts events, promotions,

and activities, contributing to a lively and dynamic atmosphere. This can include product

launches, fashion shows, and seasonal celebrations.

Century City Mall is a dynamic lifestyle focal point with plenty of natural light and

ventilation for optimal comfort. From its generous outdoor spaces that are landscaped and

terraced to let you better socialize, seamless free WiFi, to its customer-centric concierge and

shuttle service to keep you happy and connected, Century City Mall provides a holistic,

elevated, and distinguished customer experience.

Figure 13. Edsa Shangri-La Hotel

Source: www.gridmagazine.ph

Shangri-La Hotel, Manila is a luxury hotel located in the heart of Makati, which is the

central business district of Metro Manila, Philippines. Its central location provides easy access

to business centers, shopping malls, and cultural attractions. The hotel offers luxurious

accommodations with a range of rooms and suites designed for comfort and elegance. Rooms

often feature contemporary decor, high-end furnishings, and modern amenities.

The hotel is designed in a beach resort-style within the downtown area of the city and

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is located on the Shang Palace estate, which covers 8.6 hectares (21 acres), and includes the

hotel, Shangri-La Plaza, the residential St. Francis Shangri-La Place and a new Shangri-La

Plaza East Wing opened in 2013. The hotel is considered one of the landmark buildings

in Manila due to it being the first of its kind in the city, and its clientele consists 85 percent of

locals rather than foreign tourists.

Shangri-La Hotel, Manila is known for its extensive event and meeting spaces,

including ballrooms and meeting rooms equipped with modern audiovisual facilities. It is a

popular choice for corporate events, conferences, and social functions. The hotel's lobby and

common areas are often designed with grandeur and sophistication, featuring impressive

architecture, art installations, and comfortable seating areas.

SYNTHESIS

Designing a space that incorporates the Gala Port Istanbul requires a thoughtful and

strategic approach, considering the location's characteristics and the specific requirements of

a Gala Port. Gala Port Istanbul is located along the waterfront, consider an architectural design

that maximizes the connection with the water. Incorporating large windows, balconies, or

outdoor spaces that provide guests with scenic views of the port will adopted by the study.

Infusing a maritime theme into the design elements will also take on to the study by

using nautical colors, textures, and patterns to create a cohesive and thematic atmosphere

that reflects the port's purpose. The combination of modern materials, innovations and the

adaptation of some features of Gala Port Istanbul through the design will be having a great

effect to this architectural design.

Adopting features of Isfahan City Center for a port would involve incorporating

elements that enhance its functionality, aesthetics, and the overall experience for visitors.

Integrating mixed-use facilities within the port area. This could include retail spaces, dining

options, and recreational areas to create a more vibrant and visitor-friendly environment.

Consider incorporating local businesses to showcase regional products and crafts.

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 In addition, this port will adopt on how Istafan City Center reflects the evolving urban

landscape of Isfahan, contributing to the city's economic development, providing modern

amenities, and becoming a significant destination and port for residents and visitors alike.

While the purposes of a hospital and a port are distinct, certain principles of design and

service quality can be adapted to improve the port's facilities and services. Implementing

efficient pathways and clear wayfinding systems within the port to guide passengers

seamlessly through different areas. This can reduce confusion and enhance the overall

experience. The proposal promises to be entirely accessible adopting different innovations

and technologies by considering the needs of different users on how it can be accessible

environment for everyone.

Moreover, incorporating a modern and functional architectural design that balances

efficiency and aesthetics was congruent to the proposal. Use clean lines, contemporary

materials, and a layout that facilitates ease of movement for passengers was applied.

The Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center has been selected for this study due to its

unique and distinctive parametric design method. Adopting this type of design to some part of

the development especially in arrival and departure area where this could involve easily

adjusting the traffic flow patterns within the building as needs evolve over time. It will also

simulate and optimize the flow of goods and vehicles within the port. This includes the design

of road networks, container handling systems, and traffic management within development or

the site itself.

Integrating parametric tools to assess and minimize the environmental impact of port

activities. This could involve optimizing layouts to reduce energy consumption, controlling

emissions, or incorporating green infrastructure. Utilizing this type of design can help to assess

and enhance the resilience of port infrastructure against natural disasters, climate change,

and other risks. Implementing some design strategies applied in Hangzhou Olympic Sports

Center was take on to design which can help to adapt to rising sea levels, extreme weather

24
events, or other environmental challenges.

Incorporating green spaces into port areas can contribute to environmental

sustainability, improve the overall aesthetics of the port, and provide various benefits to both

the environment and the community. The study adopted Liuxiandong-Plot A4+B2 design by

incorporating to port shorelines a naturalized vegetation to prevent erosion, provide habitat for

aquatic life, and create an aesthetically pleasing waterfront.

Implementing green infrastructure elements as used in Liuxiandong-Plot A4+B2, such

as permeable pavements and bio-retention areas, to manage stormwater runoff and reduce

the risk of flooding was also incorporated to the design. Trees can provide shade, improve air

quality, and contribute to the overall aesthetic appeal of the port. Planting trees strategically

throughout the port area is one of the goals to create urban forests and enhance the overall

green canopy.

Incorporating modern and aesthetically pleasing architectural design port facilities of

Sofitel Philippine Plaza was embraced on the study. While functionality is crucial for a port,

integrating elegant and well-designed structures can contribute to a positive overall

impression.

Sofitel hotels represent a pinnacle of luxury hospitality, seamlessly blending French

elegance with local cultural influences to create a distinctive and opulent experience for

guests. Adopting its style by Incorporating local cultural influences into the architectural

design. This might include using traditional architectural elements, artworks, or materials that

reflect the heritage of the location.

In addition, the goal and vision of Sofitel Hotel was with an elegant and sophisticated

ambiance. Pay attention to interior design, use high-quality furnishings, and create an

atmosphere that reflects a sense of security which can make users feel comfortable and safe.

The Architectural expression for all the buildings of Parqual Mixed- use development

was developed based on a modernized approach to the typology of “Bahay na Bato” - a

25
Philippine traditional architectural typology, developed in a perfect symbiosis of Spanish

Vernacular and Traditional Chinese styles.

A lightweight canopy that can be seen in Parqual was adopted in the study which is

proposed at a higher level from the buildings to protect the retail environment from the rain.

The use of Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), which is permeable to the sunlight and UV

rays, creates the opportunity to have extensive green areas with trees of substantial size and,

essentially, an opportunity to have a rain protected but naturally ventilated and naturally light

environment to the development.

Incorporating design elements inspired by Nuvali into a port can bring about a

combination of functionality, sustainability, and aesthetics. Integrate green spaces,

landscaping, and natural elements within the port area to enhance the aesthetic appeal and

provide recreational areas for port workers and visitors.

Furthermore, applying the aim and vision of Ayala Land which is harmony,

diversity and sustainability in the proposal will be helpful in many ways. Harmony of good

circulation and connection of areas for every user, the diversity of different people considering

their individual needs, and different sustainable innovation with the help of different

technologies. Integrating smart technologies for efficient cargo handling, real-time tracking,

and communication, aligning with Nuvali's commitment to modern infrastructure was also

adopted.

Incorporating architectural features inspired by Century City Mall into a port facility

involves adapting design elements to suit the functional requirements of a port while infusing

aesthetic and modern concepts. Modern and sleek architectural design for terminal buildings,

administrative offices, and other key structures within the port facility are comprised by the

study.

In addition, using quality materials and finishes that not only withstand the maritime

environment but also contribute to an elegant and sophisticated aesthetic was also adopted

26
by the study from the features of Century City mall considering durable, weather-resistant

materials for exterior finishes.

Adding Shangri-La-inspired architectural components to a port complex entails

modifying design aspects to meet port regulations while including luxury, aesthetics, and a

welcoming atmosphere. Creating a grand entrance to the port with an impressive gate or

archway and considering iconic elements that reflect the identity of the port and the

surrounding region is one of the features that the study adopted to Shangri-La Hotel.

Similar to Century City Mall, modern and sleek architectural design was incorporated

to the study where it can use in building terminals, hotel and other structures within the

development. Large windows, terraces, and balconies can provide unobstructed views of the

harbor and contribute to an inviting atmosphere of the proposed hotel in the Seaport.

From these related literatures, the proponent explored some unique possible

arrangements of the facilities and amenities to provide better experience in Phoenix:

“Representing Innovations and Opportunistic Options to Illustrate Architectural

Breakthroughs” a proposed seaport terminal and hotel located in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro.

Aiming to build a development for tourists and visitors providing ta good and flexible seaport

that provides a temporary housing to keep them safe in case of delay of flights and

emergencies.

27
 CHAPTER III

Research Methodology, Data Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis

This chapter presents the methodology employed by the researcher as the study

progressed. Also, data gathered from primary and secondary sources were presented,

interpreted and analyzed in this chapter.

3.1 Research Design (Data Gathering Procedure)

Figure 14.0 shows the research paradigm of the study. This is a step-by-step

procedure conducted by the researcher for the project proposal. Pragmatic organization of the

research study resulted into the basis of facts and ideas throughout the design

INPUT

• Formulation of the thesis problem

• Gathering Supplementary data and review
• Technical site investigation
• Project requirement and specifications

THROUGHPUT

• Recall analysis
• Information and data analysis
• Synchronizing data
• Data general summarization

OUTPUT

• Architectural planning and design solution

• Planning and design development
• Conclusion of the study recommendation

Figure 14.0 Research Paradigm

Research Design

The researcher gathered data regarding the project's profile and information needs

from various sources. The property was actually inspected in order to determine whether it

28
was a suitable location for the project, assess the site's physical state, and determine what

would be required for the proposed seaport terminal and hotel located in Roxas, Oriental

Mindoro. In order to learn more about the location, the researcher also spoke with those who

were in the area via interviews. The researcher also gathered some essential information

through the following:

a. Descriptive Method

The researcher used a descriptive approach as it is the most suitable design to use.

With the assistance of government and private sector organizations, the researcher was able

to learn about technical data and information when doing the study projects. The researcher

effectively categorized some regulations and restrictions pertaining to the project, which will

be useful in obtaining the necessary data for thorough analysis and investigation.

b. Library Research

The researcher conducted research through some books related to the project proposal.

Published and unpublished case studies, related articles, theses and magazines were

consulted by the researcher. This assisted the researcher in mitigating the proposed project.

c. Government and Non-Government Agencies

The researcher gathered vital and technical information regarding the proposed project

through the support and assistance of the government agencies like the City Planning and

Development Office of Roxas. From the gathered information and data appropriate for the

solution for the problems identified and later can be established through the help of the

government of Roxas.

d. International Network (Internet)

The use of the internet which is the most innovative and modern way of searching has

been a great help to the researcher to find especially the related literature and case study for

the proposed project. The researcher visited numerous websites, which are related to the

development of the proposed seaport terminal and hotel.

29
3.2 Data Analysis and Presentation

The researcher used different useful methods for the completion of this study. Each

piece of information gathered is necessary for accurate analysis and the study's feasibility.

All plans and principles are derived from extensive data sets. Completing theses and

dissertations helps future researchers who plan to conduct related research. Every researcher

wants to find a solution to a specific issue that is facing that generation. These studies are

kept in the library for later, more convenient access. The vast globe of the Internet is where

modern archives and records are kept. Additionally, researchers can locate the most recent

news regarding linked studies here. The identical thing that was done online was also done

by published printed accessories.

Planning based on government constraints make each project more achievable and

buildable. They establish guidelines based on particular constitution provisions that have been

shown to be beneficial to each and every constituent. Further understanding of those laws can

be gained through interviews of the responsible persons. These individuals will assist with the

actual evaluation of the accessible physical components as well.

Without any proofs, no problem can be solved. A thorough examination of those

evidences reveals to the researcher how well the proposed project was planned and designed.

The primary objective of gathering those data is to address a particular issue and demand in

a certain market.

3.2.1. Site Selection

Site of a Seaport Terminal and Hotel

Planning prerequisites

A new seaport terminal could be constructed on undeveloped ground, placed in a

renovated port setting, or even in a city. Planning process must always consider:

• The intended area's land usage;

30
 • The site's overall environmental circumstances;

• The site's accessibility;

• Having access to clean water; and

• Industrial planning, both past and present.

Land Use

In general, when planning a seaport terminal and hotel, whether it be a small landing

jetty on a beach or a large deep-water port, it is better to design a structure with arrangements

flexible enough to permit adjustment at some point in the future, if the premises on which the

needs evaluation were based prove to be different to real life conditions. In other words, a

Seaport Terminal and its land-based facilities should not be stuck in between fixed boundary

lines (like schools, parks, cemeteries, factory sites, housing, etc.) with no scope for expansion

at later times.

In contrast, if a new port is to be built on a section of undeveloped coastline, a suitable

buffer zone must be included around the port, and land-use master plans must be strictly

adhered to in order to prevent the unauthorized service settlements that often spring up around

such facilities in the buffer zone from spreading.

Accessibility

Regardless of what size of port is being planned, all-weather availability cannot be

ignored or replaced with unpaved roads. Many countries that are developing typically view a

good paved road as optional to the port structure because of the costs involved when the road

is supposed to be an essential component of the port. Unpaved, or white or laterite roads are

very common in certain developing nations, but in areas of heavy rainfall these do not last

more than a year or two before they require significant upkeep.

Water

The rule of thumb in which water is related is No Water, No Port. Every step of the

31
fishing operation requires water, including hose-downs and rinses on board the boats as well

as ashore in the port for ice manufacture, cleanliness, and cleaning of work areas. As long as

the port infrastructure are made to withstand corrosion from seawater, it is now permissible to

use clean seawater to replace up to 80% of the potable water requirements.

Project Justification

Any port project, whatever of scale, must be technically and financially viable in order

to be planned, developed, and operated in a way that is sustainable and compatible with the

environment.

Technically, the justification must be supported with reliable data pertaining to:

• The site's suitability for the proposed or selected use in terms of sustainability;

• The project's overall financial viability (port, services, access roads)

Constructions with a large social aspect may not be independent, but when other social

factors are included, such as the supply of safe drinking water, sewerage, lighting, roads, etc.,

some attempt needs to be made to profit from how the project contributes to the well-being of

the public as a whole.

3.2.1.1. Site Criteria

Listed below are the general and specific site characteristics that aided the

researcher in selecting the most suitable location for the proposed project.

1. Accessibility. It is defined as easily reached or entered physically, refers to the

public transportation.

2. Availability. This term deals with presence of important utilities such as water

supply, power and community lines, telephones and drainage.

3. Flexibility. It is described with sufficient space and can adapt changes for future

expansion.

4. Geographical Location. It is the point of view in the area.

32
5. Good Surrounding. This attracts users and must be located near certain areas.

6. Market Type. Sites will be located with respect to defined target market.

7. Proximity. Refers to the relationship to the users.

8. Topography. This refers to land character of the site.

9. Visibility. This means having a clear view and ability to be seen easily; place

may be well-known by the public.

10. Zoning. It should be permitted to be used as a mixed-use development.

11. Cultural Aspect – It refers to the focus development for the existing part of the

community which needs the development.

12. Socio-economic - this refers to consumer behavior, societal and religious

conventions, preferences, the quantity and quality of labor that is readily

available, communication and transportation, accessibility, and proximity to the

market.

13. Safety - It is ensured by having security cameras and fire protection systems in

the area. It also refers to the area's state of peace and order as well as the

existence of hazards to health, fire, and the environment (earthquake, tsunami,

typhoon and etc.)

14. Climatic – it is the temperature, humidity, sunshine, rainfall, floods, hurricane,

winds, etc.

15. Soil – it is the soil quality affecting seaport terminal installation and productivity of

the water.

16. Water – No water, no port

33
 POTENTIAL SITE

SITE A SITE B SITE C

SITE CRITERIA
Barangay Paclasan, Barangay Odiong, Barangay San Jose,
Roxas, Oriental Roxas, Oriental Roxas, Oriental
Mindoro Mindoro Mindoro
Accessibility 5 4 4

Availability 5 3 3

Flexibility 5 4 3
Geographical
4 4 4
Location
Good
5 4 3
Surrounding
Market Type 4 4 3

Proximity 4 4 4

Topography 4 4 4

Visibility 5 5 5

Zoning 4 4 4

Cultural Aspect 4 4 4

Socio-economic 5 4 3

Safety 4 4 4

Climatic 4 4 4

Soil 5 4 4

Water 5 5 5

TOTAL 72 65 61

5 – Excellent 4 – Very Good 3 – Good 2 – Poor 1 – Very Poor

Table 1. System of Evaluation and Rating

34
3.2.1.2. Site Justification

The system of evaluation rating is one of the processes, which is used to know which

site is fitted for the construction of the proposed project. Through this, the researcher was

able to choose from which among the three (3) sites is fitted for the project.

Figure 16. Barangay Paclasan Site Pictures

The site in Barangay Paclasan is near Roxas Mindoro Convention Baptist Church and

Sto. Nino Parish Church and Santo Nino High School. It is accessible to multiple number of

access road lanes. It is shelter from waves and sea currents, good logistic access and

proximity to areas with export and import demands which is really ideal for building a Seaport

Terminal. The site has an area of 55.3 hectares and has a beautiful waterfront.

35
 Figure 17. Barangay Odiong Site Pictures

The site in Barangay Odiong is near Roxas SDA Academy. The site is also suitable

because the location also shelters from waves and sea currents and proximity to areas with

export and import demands. The site has an area of 72.6 hectares and also has a beautiful

waterfront.

Figure 18. Barangay San Jose Site Pictures

The site in Barangay San Jose is near Roxas SDA Academy. It is near to the existing

36
port in Roxas, the Danglay Port. The site is also suitable because the location also shelters

from waves and sea currents, the problem is that there are too natural resources almost part

of the lot is for agricultural purposes. The site has an area of 53.56 hectares and also has a

beautiful waterfront.

3.2.2 Site Data

3.2.2.1 Macro Site

Figure 19. Map of PHILIPPINES

Source: en.wikipedia.org

The Philippines is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It is made up of over

7,641 islands in the western Pacific Ocean that are roughly divided into three primary

geographical regions, namely Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, which run north-south. Manila,

the nation's capital, and Quezon metropolis, the country's most populous metropolis, are both

located in Metro Manila.

37
 The Philippines' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and near to the equator makes the

Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons, but also gives it with abundant natural

resources and some of the world's largest biodiversity. The area of the Philippines is 300,000

km², as per the World Bank and the Philippines Statistical Authority, and as of 2015, had a

population of at least 117,000,000.

Figure 20. Map of REGION IV-B

Source: en.wikipedia.org

Region IV-B or the MIMAROPA Region is an administrative region in the Philippines

grouped under the Luzon island group. It covers 5 provinces, namely, Marinduque, Occidental

Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, Palawan, and Romblon, as well as one highly urbanized city. The

regional center is the City of Calapan. Region IV-MIMAROPA was created by virtue of

Executive Order No. 103 entitled, “Dividing Region IV into Region IV-A and IV-B, transferring

the province of Aurora to Region III and for other purposes” signed by Her Excellency

President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on May 17, 2002. Section 3 of the EO states that Region

IV-B shall be known as MIMAROPA.

38
 South of Southern Luzon, the MIMAROPA Region is made up of islands and islets

spanning warm tropical waters. In addition, 1,455 barangays and 72 municipalities make up

the entire composition. The provinces of Batangas and Quezon encircle its northernmost point,

while Panay Island and the South China Sea encircle its southernmost half. With a total land

area of 2.74 million hectares, it makes up 9% of the land area of the nation.

This area is best described as the "food basket" of Southern Luzon and the nation's

"eco-tourism hub." If MIMAROPA has anything to give the Philippines and the rest of the world,

it is its culture, which includes the most vibrant festivals, the oldest customs, the richest and

most picturesque natural features, and the friendliest locals.

The Region is blessed with amazing natural resources and immaculate beaches.

Among them are the world-famous and magnificent Puerto Princesa Underground River

(PPUR) located in Palawan; the pearl of Oriental Mindoro, Puerto Galera, which is known for

its white sand beaches, crystal-clear waters, and amazing diving sites; and the second-largest

reef in the world, the Apo Reef Marine National Park of Occidental Mindoro, which is home to

about 385 different species of colorful marine life.

Mindoro Province

Figure 21. Map of ORIENTAL MINDORO

39
 Oriental Mindoro and Occidental Mindoro are the two adjacent provinces that make up

the island of Mindoro. It is the seventh largest in the Philippines and has a total area of

20,244.51 sq. kilometers. 5,879.85 sq. km. correlate to the region that Oriental Mindoro

covers. It is located north of the major Visayan group of Islands and southwest of Luzon.

The capital of Oriental Mindoro, Calapan City, is located 130 kilometers from Manila

and 45 kilometers south of Batangas.Puerto Galera, San Teodoro, Baco, Naujan, Victoria,

Socorro, Pola, Pinamalayan, Gloria, Bansud, Bongabong, Roxas, Mansalay, and Bulalacao

are the municipalities that make up the province.

The province is bordered to the north by Semirara Island, to the south by Tablas Strait,

and to the east by the Verde Island Passage. The province of Occidental Mindoro is located

on the western portion of the island. Providing the natural dividing barrier between the two

provinces is the vast jungle-capped mountains that extend from north to south with the

powerful Mt. Halcon towering at 2,586 meters followed by Mt.Baco at 2,215 meters.

Brief History of Roxas

Roxas, officially the Municipality of Roxas, is situated at the south of Bongabong and

northwest of of Mansalay. It is located 126 kilometers (78 miles) away from Calapan, the

nation's capital. Roxas is the smallest municipality of Oriental Mindoro.

Originating as a tiny Mansalay barrio named Tikling at the Tikling River's edge, Roxas

was established by immigrants from Romblon, Panay, and Batangas. Later on, it was dubbed

Paclasan (from palasan, a palm plant that grows copiously in swampy areas). Roxas became

a separate municipality on October 15, 1948 by virtue of Exec. Order No. 181 and was

inaugurated as such on November 15. The town was given a new name after Pres. A. Manuel

Roxas. It serves as the center of trade and commerce in the southern part of Oriental Mindoro

because of its bountiful products. It is also the gateway of Mindoro to the Southern provinces

in the country because of its seaport.

40
Physical and Natural Characteristics

The municipality of Roxas, which has 20 barangays, is situated in the southern region

of Oriental Mindoro and spans a total land area of 7,931.5879 hectares. About 8% of the area

has moderately rolling to steep slopes, with the majority of the landscape being flat to

undulating. The region's soil types include hydrosol, beach sand, San Manuel sand loam,

Bolinao clay loam, Quinqua clay loam, harsh hilly land, and Maranlig gravelly sandy loam. The

year-round weather is usually pleasant, with the dry season beginning in late December and

lasting until June, and the wet season beginning in early July and lasting until August.

Figure 22. Map of ROXAS MUNICIPALITY

Source: www. Maphill. com

Economic Sector

In relation to agriculture, more especially crop production, the municipality of Roxas

grows rice, corn, bananas, and citrus on 4,404.542 hectares of land. Over half of the land used

for crop cultivation, or 2,558 hectares, is used for rice production alone. Farmers primarily use

chemical inputs in their agricultural practices, although there are currently growing groups and

organizations that practice organic farming.

41
 Agricultural establishments that can be found mostly in key regions are Irrigation

System, Farm-To-Market Road, and Rice mill, Multi-Purpose Drying Pavement, Warehouse

and Bagsakan Center. The town's overall agricultural output is enhanced by the presence of

these structures. In actuality, rice output in 2011 reached 11,870 metric tons, whilst other crops

produced 5,739 metric tons in the same year. In order to obtain better rates, these produces

are frequently shipped and sold to Manila and other nearby provinces.

Within the Fishery sector, the town comprises 11,200 hectares of fishing grounds that

are dispersed over five coastal barangays. 19,271 tons were produced in 2011, according to

reports. 24 fishermen own and operate non-powered boats, whereas 104 fishermen own and

operate 108 registered motorized boats.

The Roxaseños invested in rearing pigs, goats, cattle, carabao, chicken, ducks, and

turkeys when it came to livestock and poultry. But the most popular and profitable ones are

raising pigs, chickens, and ducks, which have become the locals' main sources of income.

The municipality's Minor Central Business District comprises retail and service areas

in relation to Commerce and Trade. Its centerpiece is the Roxas Public Market, which is

augmented by stores, transport terminals, utility offices, and supermarkets. Leaning towards

Brgy, Morente Avenue has commercial strips. Odiong; Leuterio Drive to Magsaysay Avenue

and J.P. Rizal Street; go to Brgy via Magsaysay Avenue. Dangay Junction, which goes all the

way to Cantil from Dangay Port. Convenience stores, often known as neighborhood sari-sari

stores, are primarily located in rural barangays and urbanizing areas.

The municipality now has 43 active industrial establishments. It comprises of one (1)

ice factory, ten (10) building companies, five (5) hollow block/concrete product manufacturers,

ten (10) body built/welding shops, and seventeen (17) rice mills. These can be divided into

three categories: manufacturing and service (such as welding and body building shops),

construction-related (such as hollow blocks and concrete goods, and construction firms), and

agro-processing (such as rice mills). These businesses are dispersed throughout the

42
municipality because there are currently no established industrial districts.

In the field of Tourism, Roxas has many potential tourist attractions and locations.

These are the Mangrove Forest at Brgy and the San Rafael Cave. Brgy and Dalahican. Along

the Dangay and Dalahican shoreline are Dangay, San Vicente Hinagdanan Mini-Falls, Happy

Valley Mountain View, Paraiso Falls, and Beach Resorts. An annual occasion such as the

Sipag Festival has also drawn interest from visitors, both domestic and foreign.

Location, Land Area, and Political Subdivision

Roxas is bounded on the north by the Municipality of Bongabong, east by Tablas Strait,

on the south by Municipality of Mansalay and on the west by portion of Mansalay and

Bongabong. It is about 148 kilometers from Calapan City, the provincial capitol. The

municipality of Roxas has a total land area of 7,931.5872 hectares. It is distributed to the

twenty (20) barangays of the municipality, two (2) urban, three (3) are urbanizing and 15 are

rural barangays. The areas of the two urban barangays and three urbanizing barangays total

to 1,747.4483 hectares which constitutes 22% of the municipality's total land area while rural

barangays covered 6,184.1396 which is 78% of the total land area. There are five coastal

barangays in the municipality, namely: San Jose, Dangay, San Isidro, Bagumbayan and

Paclasan. The table below shows area by barangay and its percentage to total land area of

the municipality.

Barangay Area % to Total

URBAN
Bagumbayan 272.5442 3.43
Paclasan 143.5546 1.8
Odiong 464. 2217 5.85
San Aquilino 461.8092 5.82
Dangay 405.3186 5.1
Sub-Total 1747.4483 22

43
 RURAL
Cantil 380.9069 4.8
Happy Valley 543.9715 6.85
Libertad 114.2512 1.44
Libtong 455.32 5.74
Little Tanauan 248.1239 3.12
Mabuhay 333.4199 4.2
Maraska 142.6132 1.8
San Isidro 275.6522 3.5
San Jose 619.0665 7.8
San Mariano 966.7537 12.2
San Miguel 284.0133 3.6
San Rafael 503.6301 6.34
San Vicente 759.0865 9.57
Uyao 209.4707 2.64
Victoria 347.8546 4.4
Sub-Total 6184.1396 78
TOTAL 7931.5872 100%

Table 2. Area by Barangay & Percentage to Total land Area

Physical Features and Environmental Condition

Geographic Location

Roxas lies on the southern part of the Province of Oriental Mindoro. It is located on

geographical coordinates latitude 12° 35' North and Longtitude 121° 31' East. it is bounded on

the north by Municipality of Bongabong on the east Tablas Srait, on the South by the

Municipality of Mansalay and on the West by portions of Mansalay and Bongabong.

44
 Figure 23. Location Map of ROXAS, ORIENTAL MINDORO, PHILIPPINES
Source: en.wikipedia.org

Geology

Within the Philippine archipelago, Mindoro Island is a prominent island with a land size

of 10,244 square kilometers, or 102,440,000 hectares. It is located across the Verde Island

Passage, some 130 kilometers south of Manila. Senirara Island to the south, Tablas Strait to

the east, and Mindoro Strait to the west encircle it.

The central mountain ranges of the island are its primary physiographic feature. Its

physiographic split between Occidental and Oriental Mindoro is formed by its rugged

45
topography, which is influenced by structures and lithology. The majority of the peaks on this

divide have elevations between 900 and above 2,400 meters. These mountains are Mount

Burburungan (1,524 m), Mout Tandrac Peak (900m) and Mount Baco (2,488m). Principal

features found on the island trend from northwest to north-south.

Other popular physiographic feature includes the 10 kilometer-wide and 15 kilometer-

long Naujan Lake situated on its northeastern section. The WSW and ENE parts of the island

are bordered by a narrow, marshy coastal plain.

The Bugsanga, Lumintao, Monpong, Amnay, and Mamburao Rivers are some of the

main drainage systems on the western side of Mindoro Island, while the Magasawang Tubig,

Pinamalayan, and Bongabong River Systems are the main drainage lines on the eastern side

of the island are the Northeast trending river system.

Figure 24. Oriental Mindoro Forest Cover

Source: Provincial Planning and Development Office

46
Figure 25. Geology and Mneral Resources of Oriental Mindoro
Source: Provincial Planning and Development Office

47
Mineral Resources of Mindoro Island

In Mindoro Island, many types of mineral displays have been noticed. Placer gold, contact

metasomatic-type iron deposits, vein-type copper deposits, and nickel and chromite deposits

connected to ultramafic rocks are among the metallic ore deposits. The deposits of coal,

marble, jade, barite, and other non-metallic minerals.

1. Placer gold has its origins in the Halcon metamorphic, and post-igneous mineralization

is unrelated to the Bongabong Group. The presence of deposits discovered in Pto. San

Teodoro and Galera are small and typically unpredictable. Sluicing and panning are

two techniques utilized in the area for placer gold recovery.

2. Paleogenedioritic rock intrusion is linked to copper mineralization, which is a vein-type

and fissure-filling deposit that evolved in pre-Jurassic to Jurassic formation.

3. In the municipality of Mansalay in southeast Mindoro Island, the Mansalay Formation

is home to the barite deposit. The deposit is associated with Tertiary diorite rocks and

is of the vein and fissure-filling type. Near the Taoga working mine, in the upper

reaches of the Barac River, there is a geochemical anomaly zone. From a geological

perspective, this is still regarded as a small-scale ore deposit, albeit it might be a sign

of something new.

4. (The Miocene-age Sablayan Group has coal deposits made up of alternating strata of

calcareous mudstone and sandstone/siltstone, with calorific values ranging from

11,100 to 12,600 BTU/lb, which equate to bituminous coal with high volatility C. The

deposits that have been noted are located in the Bulalacao township in Oriental

Mindoro.

48
Topography, Elevation, and Slope

The vast majority of the land terrain is flat to rolling and approximately 8% is slightly

rolling to steep slope. From the eastern shorelines of the Tablas Strait westward to the

moderately sloping regions near the western tip, it is primarily flat. A system of rivers and

creeks in Bagumbayan, Dangay, Paclasan, and other places divide the area. The Inundungan

and Tauga Rivers, which originate in the mountain border of Oriental and Occidental Mindoro

and travel west to east, converge at Barangay San Vicente to form the large river known as

the Baroc River. The municipality of Roxas and the municipality of Mansalay are separated by

this river. The region is also home to man-made structures like roadways, which connect the

country's, province's, and municipalities.

Roxas, situated in Oriental Mindoro, boasts a diverse and captivating topography that

defines its unique landscape. The municipality is characterized by a blend of mountains, hills,

plains, and coastal areas, contributing to its rich ecological and geographical tapestry. The

central and northern parts of Oriental Mindoro, including areas surrounding Roxas, are marked

by undulating mountainous terrain, with peaks that showcase the region's elevation variations.

Notably, Mount Halcon, one of the highest peaks in the Philippines, adds to the majestic allure

of the province, providing not only a challenging trek for adventurers but also influencing the

local climate and ecology.

Roxas has slope ranging from 0-1% and above. Typically, level inlands have slopes

ranging from 0% to 3%; places with 3-8% slopes are undulating to rolling; areas with 8-15%

slopes are substantially rolling and sloping; and areas with 15% and more are hilly to

mountainous. Slope characteristics between 0 and 3 percent are ideal for cultivation and use.

However, a slope of 15% or more may cause soil erosion, making it challenging to develop

and farm the area.

The plains and valleys that dot the landscape of Roxas play a crucial role in shaping

the region's agricultural activities. These fertile lowlands are often utilized for farming,

49
contributing to the municipality's economic foundation. Additionally, Roxas is endowed with

coastal areas that frame the municipality's boundaries, offering picturesque seascapes and

fostering marine-related livelihoods. The coastal topography influences the lifestyle of local

communities, emphasizing the intersection of human activities with the marine environment.

Minimum elevation: -
20 ft
Maximum elevation:
98 ft
Average elevation: 23 ft
Figure 26. Topographic Map of Oriental Mindoro
Source: topographicmap.com

The topography of Roxas, Oriental Mindoro, not only serves as a physical backdrop to

the lives of its residents but also influences the socio-economic and environmental dynamics

of the region. This intricate blend of mountains, plains, and coastal features creates a tapestry

that reflects the resilience and adaptability of the local communities in harmony with their

natural surroundings.

50
 Figure 27. Slope
Source: Global DEM

51
 Figure 28. Land Classification Map
Source: Provincial Planning and Development Office

52
Soil Characteristics/Composition

Soil types found in Roxas are the following:

• Hydrosol

• (118) Beach Sand

• (82) San Manuel Silt Loam

• (109) Quingua Clay Loam

• (96) San Manuel Sandy Loam

• (102) San Fabian Clay Loam

• (236) San Manuel Clay Loam

• (829) Maranlig Gravelly Sandy Clay Loam

• (202) Rough Mountainous Land

Figure 29. SOIL MAP: MINDORO PROVINCE PHILIPPINES

Source www.orminagri.com

53
Geohazard

The evidence collected on the Disaster Risk Reduction Assessment and Planning and

Office of the Civil Defense as well as Mines and Geoscience Bureau (MGB), the municipality

is vulnerable to flooding especially the fourteen (14) barangays located in low lying areas,

namely: San Mariano, Little Tanauan, San Miguel, Libertad, Uyao, Victoria, Mabuhay, Libtong,

San Aquilino, Odiong, Bagumbayan, Paclasan, Dangay and Cantil. Water flooded into these

settlements during a storm and periods of intense rains. Furthermore, San Vicente, Happy

Valley, San Rafael, and a portion of Marasca are the four barangays that are thought to be

landslide-prone.

Figure 30. Hazard Map

Source PHIVOLCS

54
Figure 31. Risk to Tsunamis Map
Source PHIVO

55
Figure 32. Distribution of Volcanoes Map
Source PHIVOLCS

56
Figure 33. Earthquake- Prone Area Map
Source PHIVOLC

57
Climate

Out of the four climate types experienced by the country, Oriental Mindoro has two

climate types: Type I and Type III. Type I is characterized by two pronounced seasons, dry

from November to April and wet throughout the rest of the year. Type III climate is similar to

Type I, but its seasons are not pronounced. Based on the location of Mindoro, although some

areas are shielded by mountain ranges, the province is still open to rains brought in by the

Habagat and tropical cyclones.

In Roxas, the wet season is overcast, the dry season is windy and partly cloudy, and

it is hot and oppressive year-round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically

varies from 75°F to 91°F and is rarely below 73°F or above 94°F

Figure 34. Climate in Roxas

Source: weatherspark

Based on the beach/pool score, the best time of year to visit Roxas for hot-weather activities

is from late December to early April.

58
 Figure 35. Cloud Cover Categories in Roxas
Source: weatherspark

Clouds

In Roxas, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds

experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year. The clearer part of the

year in Roxas begins around November 30 and lasts for 4.9 months, ending around April 27.

The clearest month of the year in Roxas is March, during which on average the sky

is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 43% of the time. The cloudier part of the year begins

around April 27 and lasts for 7.1 months, ending around November 30. The cloudiest month

of the year in Roxas is August, during which on average the sky is overcast or mostly

cloudy 94% of the time.

Demographic Profile

Population Composition

Based on the 2015 Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Census, Oriental Mindoro has

a total population of 844,059 (49% women; 51% men) with an average growth rate of 1.38%.

The province contributes to 0.84% of the population of the country. The province is largely

59
rural with urban population estimated at only 32% and rural population at 68%. Based on the

average growth rate of the population, the province expects to double its population in 50

years.3 By 2025, Oriental Mindoro expects its population to reach 968,045 or a projected

increase of 123,986 people from the 2015 census. The population of Oriental Mindoro for the

past two consecutive censual periods has been predominantly young, under 15 years old.

However, 60.58% of the province’s population belongs to the economically productive age

group, aged 15-64 years old, which accounts for the largest percentage of Oriental Mindoro’s

total population.

The municipality od Roxas has a land area of 85.26 square kilometers or 32.92 square

miles which constitutes 2.01% of Oriental Mindoro's total area. Its population as determined

by the 2020 Census was 58,849. This represented 6.48% of the total population of Oriental

Mindoro province, or 1.82% of the overall population of the MIMAROPA Region. Based on

these figures, the population density is computed at 690 inhabitants per square kilometer or

1,788 inhabitants per square mile.

Population

CITY/ CENSUS YEARS

MUNICIPALITY 1975 1980 1990 1995 2000 2007 2010 2015
1st District
Baco 15,738 18,607 23,800 25,915 30,167 34,127 35,060 37,215
Calapan City 55,608 67,370 85,898 96,506 105,910 116,976 124,173 133,893
Naujan 54,641 61,216 72,203 75,726 83,892 90,629 94,497 102,998
Pola 19,072 23,188 26,833 29,156 31,938 32,635 32,984 34,701
Puerto Galera 10,129 12,306 17,200 19,485 21,925 28,035 32,521 36,606
San Teodoro 7,862 9,707 12,223 12,983 13,806 15,039 15,810 17,904
Socorro 20,868 24,332 29,806 34,182 37,176 38,052 38,348 39,099
Victoria 23,568 26,225 34,760 35,828 42,873 44,932 48,308 50,492
2nd District
Bansud 20,095 22,614 26,225 31,901 35,032 35,664 38,341 40,992

60
Bongabong 38,358 41,719 50,213 57,403 59,477 61,127 66,569 72,073
Bulalacao 14,038 16,926 21,316 24,047 27,698 30,188 33,754 39,107
Gloria 22,249 25,291 30,102 35,771 38,667 40,561 42,012 45,073
Mansalay 19,544 23,548 27,515 29,765 39,041 43,974 51,705 54,533
Pinamalayan 42,701 48,431 58,777 65,903 72,951 77,119 81,666 86,172
Roxas 24,273 25,458 33,178 34,045 41,265 46,711 49,854 53,201
ORIENTAL 388,744 446,938 550,049 608,616 681,818 735,769 785,602 844,059
MINDORO

Table 3. Population Size by City/Municipality by Census Years

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016

Figure 36. Population Size by City/Municipality by Census Years

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016

Figure 37. Oriental Mindoro, by Census Years

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016

61
 Municipality 2010 2015 2025 Growth Rate
(Actual) (Projected)
Total No. of Total No. of Total No. of 2000- 2010-
Pop'n HHs Pop'n HHs Pop'n HHs 2010 2015
1st District
Baco 35,060 7,483 37,215 8,326 41,682 9,334 1.51 1.14
City of Calapan 124,173 27,242 133,893 30,734 154,472 35,732 1.60 1.44
Naujan 94,497 21,479 102,998 23,348 121,312 27,525 1.20 1.65
Pola 32,984 7,582 34,701 8,192 38,218 9,023 0.32 0.97
Puerto Galera 32,521 7,661 36,606 8,322 45,863 10,511 4.02 2.28
San Teodoro 15,810 3,508 17,904 4,058 22,696 5,150 1.36 2.40
Socorro 38,348 8,850 39,099 9,108 40,570 9,464 0.31 0.37
Victoria 48,308 10,485 50,492 11,208 54,952 12,213 1.20 0.85
2nd District
Bansud 38,341 8,459 40,992 9,250 46,552 10,539 0.91 1.28
Bongabong 66,569 14,758 72,073 16,753 83,809 19,525 1.13 1.52
Bulalacao 33,754 7,427 39,107 8,542 51,746 11,321 2.00 2.84
Gloria 42,012 9,400 45,073 10,366 51,541 11,870 0.83 1.35
Mansalay 51,705 10,193 54,533 11,286 60,358 12,502 2.85 1.02
Pinamalayan 81,666 18,043 86,172 19,551 95,471 21,717 1.13 1.03
Roxas 49,854 10,386 53,201 11,719 60,178 13,298 1.91 1.24
ORIENTAL 785,602 172,956 844,059 190,763 968,045 219,422 1.43 1.38
MINDORO

Table 4. Actual and Projected Population and Number of Households, Growth Rate by
City/Municipality
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016

Figure 38. Annual Average Growth Rate of Oriental Mindoro

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016

62
Figure 39. Annual Population Growth Rate, by City/Municipality (2010-2015)
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

63
MUNICIPALITY 2007 2010 2015
Total HH Male Female Total HH Male Female Total HH
Population Population Population
1st District
Baco 34,127 17,654 16,473 35,060 18,030 17,030 37,182
Calapan City 116,399 58,463 57,936 123,480 62,076 61,404 132,864
Naujan 90,580 46,674 43,906 94,448 48,492 45,956 102,903
Pola 32,635 16,814 15,821 32,984 16,831 16,153 34,699
Puerto 27,997 14,301 13,696 32,408 16,539 15,869 36,311
Galera
San Teodoro 15,027 7,724 7,303 15,801 8,070 7,731 17,882
Socorro 38,022 19,519 18,503 38,336 19,448 18,888 39,044
Victoria 44,932 23,211 21,721 48,308 24,664 23,644 50,432
2nd District
Bansud 35,543 18,238 17,305 38,223 19,488 18,735 40,859
Bongabong 61,115 31,133 29,982 66,568 33,972 32,596 71,909
Bulalacao 30,188 15,522 14,666 33,753 17,438 16,315 39,044
Gloria 40,527 20,598 19,929 42,010 21,277 20,733 45,011
Mansalay 43,974 22,615 21,359 51,705 26,502 25,203 54,487
Pinamalayan 76,980 39,203 37,777 81,552 41,288 40,264 85,948
Roxas 46,614 23,603 23,011 49,739 25,256 24,483 53,033
ORIENTAL 734,660 375,272 359,388 784,375 399,371 385,004 841,608
MINDORO

Table 5. Household Population by Sex by City/Municipality, Oriental Mindoro, 2007, 2010, and
2015
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016

Municipality Gross Population Urban Population Estimated Population

Density (per Density (per sq.km.) Density (per sq.km.)
sq.km.)
2010 2015 2010 2015 2025
1st District
Baco 145 154 655 638 172
Calapan City 468 505 4,091 2,382 582
Naujan 179 195 460 1,373 230
Pola 253 267 21,700 12,573 294
Puerto Galera 146 164 291 310 205
San Teodoro 43 49 3153 2,579 61
Socorro 257 262 249 2,145 272
Victoria 169 177 489 919 192

64
 2nd District
Bansud 147 158 1149 747 179
Bongabong 134 145 325 3,028 168
Bulalacao 111 128 119 629 170
Gloria 182 195 527 581 223
Mansalay 101 106 270 215 118
Pinamalayan 295 311 1010 2,703 344
Roxas 572 611 1272 1,292 691
Oriental Mindoro 180 193 467 819 222

Table 6. Population Density

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016

As seen in Table 10, the municipalities with the highest densities relative to its

provincial averages are Roxas, Calapan City, Pinamalayan, Pola, and Socorro. Although

Calapan City is classified as a “primary urban center” or a large town in the province, it is

considerably less dense than Roxas because of the latter’s limited land area.

Province Actual Population Growth Population Projection

Rate
2010 2015 2010- 2016 2020 2025
2015
Occidental 452,971 487,414 1.40 494,238 522,502 560,115
Mindoro
Oriental 785,602 844,059 1.38 855,707 903,929 968,045
Mindoro
Marinduque 227,828 234,521 0.55 235,811 241,042 247,744
Romblon 283,930 292,781 0.59 294,508 301,521 310,521
Palawan 771,667 849,469 1.84 865,099 930,550 1,019,369
Puerto 222,673 255,116 2.62 261,800 290,334 330,414
Princesa City
MIMAROPA 2,744,671 2,963,360 1.47 3,006,921 3,187,665 3,428,949
Philippines 92,337,852 100,981,437 1.72 102,718,318 109,969,767 119,758,145

Table 7. Projected Population by Province, MIMAROPA, Philippines, 2016, 2020, 2025

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016

65
 City/ No. Population, 2010 Population, 2015
Municipality of Barangays
Urban Rural Total Urban % Rural % Urban % Rural %

1st District

Baco 1 26 27 2,846 8.12 32,214 91.88 3,021 8.12 34,194 91.88

Calapan City 23 39 62 18,131 14.60 106,042 85.40 59,309 44.30 74,584 55.70

Naujan 3 67 70 9,040 9.57 85,457 90.43 2,405 2.33 100,593 97.67

Pola 2 21 23 1,085 3.29 31,899 96.71 1,031 2.97 33,670 97.03

Puerto 3 10 13 11,577 35.60 20,944 64.40 12,330 33.68 24,276 66.32
Galera
San Teodoro 1 7 8 1,734 10.97 14,076 89.03 1,868 10.43 16,036 89.57

Socorro 4 22 26 8,295 21.63 30,053 78.37 5,307 13.57 33,792 86.43

Victoria 5 27 32 16,212 33.56 32,096 66.44 12,082 23.93 38,410 76.07

2nd District
Bansud 3 10 13 14,181 36.99 24,160 63.01 14,954 36.48 26,038 63.52

Bongabong 5 31 36 1,626 2.44 64,943 97.56 10,869 15.08 61,204 84.92

Bulalacao 2 13 15 10,624 31.47 23,130 68.53 6,783 17.34 32,324 82.66

Gloria 6 21 27 12,924 30.76 29,088 69.24 14,238 31.59 30,835 68.41

Mansalay 3 14 17 13,620 26.34 38,085 73.66 17,120 31.39 37,413 68.61

Pinamalayan 7 30 37 27,803 34.04 53,863 65.96 22,080 25.62 64,092 74.38

Roxas 5 15 20 18,151 36.41 31,703 63.59 22,583 42.45 30,618 57.55

Oriental 73 353 426 167,849 21.37 617,753 78.63 205,980 24.40 638,079 75.60
Mindoro

Table 8. Urban-Rural Population, 2010 and 2015

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016

66
Figure 40. 2015 Population Density, Oriental Mindoro
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

67
Tourism

City/Municipality No. of Accommodation No. of Bedding Total

Establishments Rooms Capacity Employment
1st District
Baco 3 37 171 13
Calapan City 31 440 1,365 207
Naujan 10 66 375 69
Pola 7 14 54 16
Puerto Galera 164 2,790 7,174 1,541
San Teodoro 4 20 90 8
Socorro 3 26 52 6
Victoria 9 43 96 23
2nd District
Bansud 5 47 149 18
Bongabong 9 80 240 26
Bulalacao 6 25 130 23
Gloria 8 57 238 38
Mansalay 8 40 64 22
Pinamalayan 13 123 317 58
Roxas 21 133 264 57
Oriental 301 3,941 10,779 2,125
Mindoro

Table 9. Oriental Mindoro Accommodation Establishment

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016

Tourist Sites and Destinations by City/ Municipality

Puerto Galera San Teodoro

The Cross and Canyons (Muelle Bay) Punta Baluarte Spanish Fortress
Garita or Spanish Guardhouse Saclag Settlement Farm School
Excavation Museum Aras Waterfalls
Baclayan and Talipanan Mangyan Botolan Waterfalls
Settlements
Paradise Zoo (Herpa World) Binaybay Waterfalls
Giant Clam Garden Paspasin Waterfalls
Hibiscus Garden Agsambalilo Waterfalls
Municipal Forest Park Singiton Waterfalls

68
Ponderosa Golf Club
White Sand Beaches (19)
Premier Dive Sites (36)
Tamaraw Waterfalls
Talipanan Waterfalls
Aninuan Waterfalls
Tukuran Waterfalls
Tukuran River
Coral Garden at Long Beach
Tabinay and Villaflor Hot Springs
Python and Underwater Caves
Puerto Galera Bay
Mt. Malasimbo
The Black Rice at Muelle
Marble Mine
Lighthouse
Lambingan Waterfalls
Raymundo Waterfalls
Ibuye Waterfalls
Yango Waterfalls
Palomaan Waterfalls
Kamatis Waterfalls
Kaguinto Waterfalls
Tabunan Hot Spring
Aras Cave
Tagong Paraiso Falls
Subuan River
Saclag Hanging Bridge
Punta Beach
Arigoy White Water Kayaking

Baco Calapan City

Mount Halcon Calapan Recreational and Zoological
Park
Baco Infinity Farm Bulusan-Suqui Eco Trail
Gumahan San Andres (The Sunken Pachoca-Balite and Lazareto, Suqui-
Town/Old Settlement) Parang Beaches
Cueva Sagrada Caluangan Lake
Tiboy Baras Rapids Baco-Chico Islets
Tagbungan River Harca Piloto Islet
Mayabig River Aganahaw Islet
Catuwiran River Silonay Islet
Mayagao River Parang Coconut and Banana Plantations
Mangangan and Karayrayan Tunnels Sapul Orchard
Nature's Park Casa Real Ruins
Lantuyan Waterfalls Calapan City Hall

69
Naujan
Naujan Lake
Pungao, Boloc Boloc and Montelago
Hot Springs
Arangin Waterfalls
Arambyaw Waterfalls
Taguan Waterfalls
Karacha Falls
Bancuro Church Ruins
Baluarte (Bell Tower)
Sta. Isabel Tree Farm
Naujan
Milar Aquatic Farm
Bancuro Butterfly Sanctuary
Naujan Town Plaza
Paitan River
Dome Hill
Tuhod Beach
Estrella Beach Resort
Lagarian Beach Resort
Pola
Tuntong Point
Talon Waterfalls
Tabunan Waterfalls
Enchanted Waterfalls
Campamento Waterfalls
St. John the Baptist Shrine
Misong Archaeological Site
Old Houses
Misong Mangrove Forest
Aguada Beach
Victoria
Tongloy Mountain Lake
Tongloy Mountain Water Falls
Fruit Orchards
Philippine Tree Farm, Inc.
Polester and Butterfly Farms
Gipit Picnic Grove
Villa Bautista Resort
Triple L Resort
Socorro
Batong Dalig River
Maradyong and La Fortuna Waterfalls
Lake View Park
Tree Farms
Tyron Butterfly Breeding Farm
Marl Insects and Butterfly Culture Branch
Gloria
Walang Langit Waterfalls
Bulaklakan Tree Farm
Mount Manguyang Camping Site
70
Pinamalayan
Rosario Cave
Cawa-cawa Cave and Marayos
Waterfalls
Mahabang Buhangin
Banilad Bayview
Mts. Dumali, Beyer and Worcester
Bongol Point
Pili-Banilad-Ranzo Reefs
Pinamalayan Theme Park
Mangyan Shooting Range
Rainbow Junction
Parola at Pinamalayan Bay
Magdalena Beach Resort
Bulaklak Garden Resort
Ranzo Stairway to Heaven
Pinamalayan Airport
Banilad Archaeological Site
Tau Buhid Mangyan Settlement
Ranzo Lighthouse
Bongabong
Balogbog Cave
Paladjungen Cave
Tawas Cave
Tangisan Waterfalls
Agpayan Waterfalls
Kampana Waterfalls
Pinagbangayan Waterfalls
Payagnon Waterfalls
Gantong Waterfalls
17th Century Kuta Shrine
Ancestral House of Vicente llagan
Bansud
Rosacara River
Manihala Waterfalls
Lanon Conrazon Waterfalls
Langkawan Waterfalls
Bansud Museum
Mangyan Settlements
Bansud Municipal Park and Plaza
Madri Monte Beach Resort and Training
Center
Mansalay
Matang Pugita and Lamak
River/Waterfalls
Palaypay Burial Ground & Palaypay
River
Lanao Sigong River
Mansalay Bay
Bugtong Bato Point
Mangyan Virgin Cave
Acacia Park and Mountain View Palace
Buktot and Kasabangan White Sand
Beaches
Bait Mangyan Village in Brgy.
Panaytayan
Burial Cave in Balanga
Mangyan Culture Settlement
71
Batangan Mangyan Community Municipal Museum
Botanical Park Wasig Airport
Municipal Park Turtle Sanctuary
Mansalay Eco Park
Mansalay Municipal Port

Roxas Bulalacao
San Rafael Cave Target Island
Tauga Diit River Suguicay Island
Happy Valley Mountain View Maasin Island
Fish Sanctuary Sibalat Island
San Vicente Eco-Forest Buyayao Island
Tambaron Islet

Table 10. Tourists Site and Destination by City/Municipality

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016

Commerce and Industry

Sectoral No. of Investments (PhP Employment

Classification Applications Million)
Agriculture 12 7.490 29
Manufacturing 104 10.228 306
Services 960 231.929 2,405
Tourism 51 36.001 155
Trading 1,084 258.377 1,968
Total 2,211 544.025 4,863

Table 11. Business Establishments by Type, Investments, and Employment

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016

72
Infrastructure and Utilities

Transportation

Figure 41. Roads in Oriental Mindoro

Source: Department of Public Works and Highways and Provincial Engineering Office, 2016

Figure 42. Bridges in Oriental Mindoro

Source: Department of Public Works and Highways and Provincial Engineering Office, 2016

73
Registered Vehicles
Private
Car (Light, Medium, Heavy) 1,256
Utility Vehicle 4,777
Sports Utility Vehicle 789
Truck 816
Motorcycle with sidecar 2,936
Motorcycle without sidecar 12,676
For Hire
Utility Vehicle 702
Truck 95
Tricycle 4,260
Government
Utility Vehicle 152
Sports Utility Vehicle 24
Truck 31
Motorcycle without sidecar 34
License Issued
Professional 11,793
Non-professional 7,123
Student 9,486
Collection from fines on law enforcement PhP1,959,650.00

Table 12. Land Transportation in Oriental Mindoro

Source: Land Transportation Office- Calapan District Office, 2016

74
 Figure 43. Airports in Oriental Mindoro
Source: Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, 2016

Seaports and Facilities

Name of Port Port Facilities

Baseport - Calapan Nine RoRo Ramps
One floating ramp for Fastcraft
Port Operations Building
Passenger Terminal Building
New PTB (non - operational)
Marshalling Area
Abra De llog Two (2) RoRo Ramps
Passenger Terminal Building
Marshalling Area
Roxas Two (2) RoRo Ramps
Passenger Terminal Building
Marshalling Area
Tilik , Lubang Four (4) RoRo Ramps
Passenger Terminal Iding
Marshalling Area
San Jose (New Port) Two (2) RoRo Ramps
Bansud Wharf
Puerto Galera Two (2) RoRo Ramps

75
Balatero Back up Area
New PTB (Non - going construction)
Passenger Terminal Building
Puerto Galera - Muelle Wharf
Pinamalayan Wharf
Mansalay One (1) RoRo Ramp
One (1) Conventional Ramp
Bulalacao One (1) RoRo Ramp
Field ice
One (1) RoRo Ramp
Pola Street Lights
Marshalling Area

Table 13. Ports and Facilities in Oriental Mindoro

Source: Philippine Ports Authority, 2016

76
Figure 44. External Linkages and Internal Circulation Map
Source: Provincial Planning and Development Office (PPDO)

77
WATER

City / Water Service Provider Type of Water Facility

Municipality
Calapan City Calapan Waterworks System and Dev't Pressure Pump
Corporation
Baco Pag - asa Water System Gravity - fed
Bangkatan Water System Gravity - fed
Dulangan III Water System Gravity - fed
San Ignacio Water System Gravity - fed
Barangay Water Water System Gravity - fed
Bongabong Bongabong Municipal Waterworks System Pressure Pump
Formon Water System Pressure Pump
Labasan Water System Gravity - fed
Carmundo Water System Pressure Pump
Hagan Water System Pressure Pump
Libertad Water System Pressure Pump
Malitbog Water System Pressure Pump
Bulalacao Bulalacao Water System Pressure Pump
San Teodoro San Teodoro Water System Gravity - fed
Gloria Tambong Water System Pressure Pump
Malamig Water System Pressure Pump
Mansalay Mansalay Waterworks System Pressure Pump
Naujan Naujan Water District Pressure Pump
Melgar A Waterworks Association Pressure Pump / Gravity -
fed
Melgar B Waterworks Gravity - fed
Poblacion I Water System Pressure Pump
Barcenaga Water System Pressure Pump
Sampaguita Water System Pressure Pump
So. Balangibang , Montelago Water System Gravity - fed
Pinamalayan Pinamalayan Water District Pressure Pump
Pili Rural Waterworks Pressure Pump
Maliancog Water System Pressure Pump
Pambisan Munti Water System Pressure Pump
Banilad Waster System Gravity - fed
Sabang Water System Gravity - fed

78
Pola Pola Water District Pressure Pump
So. Centro , Panikihan Water Supply System Pressure Pump
So. Parangan , Panikihan Water Supply System Gravity - fed
So. Palmera 1 , Malibago Water System Pressure Pump
Association
So. Palmera 2 , Malibago Water System Pressure Pump
Association
Tiguihan 1 Water Users Association Gravity - fed
Tiguihan 2 Water Users Association Gravity - fed
Bacawan 1 Water System Association Gravity - fed
Bacawan 2 Water System Association Gravity - fed
Campamento 1 Water System Association Gravity - fed
Campamento 2 Water System Association Gravity - fed
Tagumpay Water System Association Gravity - fed
Puerto Galera Puerto Galera Water Works Office Gravity - fed
Dulangan Water System Gravity - fed
Aninuan Water System Gravity - fed
Tabinay Water System Gravity - fed
Villaflor Water System Gravity - fed
Roxas Roxas Water District Pressure Pump
Cantil Water System Pressure Pump
Socorro Socorro Waterworks System Administrations Pressure Pump
Victoria San Gabriel Water System Pressure Pump
Bagong Silang Water System Pressure Pump

Table 14. Level III Water System by City/Municipality

Source: City/Municipal Planning and Development Office, 2016

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Power
Municipality Barangays House Members
Covered Energized % Connections Approved
1st District
Baco 27 27 100 7,984 6,159
Calapan City 62 62 100 44,407 29,124
Naujan 70 70 100 24,039 19,977
Pola 23 23 100 7,552 7,189
Puerto Galera 13 13 100 10,199 5,430
San Teodoro 8 8 100 4,051 2,618
Socorro 26 26 100 9,398 7,326
Victoria 32 32 100 12,431 9,460
2nd District
Bansud 13 13 100 8,668 7,205
Bongabong 36 36 100 14,902 11,833
Bulalacao 15 15 100 4,884 4,264
Gloria 27 27 100 9,612 7,366
Mansalay 17 17 100 6,933 6,370
Pinamalayan 37 37 100 20,519 14,722
Roxas 20 20 100 11,616 9,327
Oriental Mindoro 426 426 100 197,195 148,370

Table 15. Status of Electrification

Source: Oriental Mindoro Electric Cooperative, Inc., 2016

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Figure 45. Water and Sanitation Facilities Map
Source: Provincial Health Office

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Figure 46. Power Facilities Map
Source: ORMECO

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Coastal Resources

Major Species Commonly Caught

• Tanigue, tambakol, malasugi, mamsa, lapu-lapu, galunggong, tuna, herrings, hasa-hasa,

kalapato, caranx, dalagang-bukid, alumahan, bisugo, samaral, anchovies, sardines

Minor Species other than Fish

• Squid, shrimp, prawn, octopus, mudcrab, shells, lobster, cuttlefish, mussel, oyster, blue

crabs, seaweed and sea cucumber

Municipality Municipal MPA MPA
Waters ( has . ) Percentage
( has . ) Share
1st District
Baco 16,130.60 152.53 0.95
Calapan City 26,526.70 186.34 0.7
Naujan 29,703.10 123.27 0.42
Pinamalayan 30,736.00 59.24 0.19
Pola 31,230.10 248.33 0.8
Puerto Galera 13,892.70 4,845.80 34.88
San Teodoro 4,559.27 112.48 2.47
2nd District
Bongabong 32,016.50 21.68 0.07
Bulalacao 58,481.40 238.04 0.41
Gloria 13,762.70 174.43 1.27
Mansalay 24,114.40 289.79 1.2
Roxas 17,093.00 30 0.18
ORIENTAL 311,555.07 6,481.93 2.08
MINDORO

Table 16. Percent of Marine Protected Areas to Total Area of Municipal Waters
Source: Provincial Agriculture Office, 2016

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 Figure 47. Coastal Resources Map
Source: Provincial Planning and Development Office, 2016

84
 Figure 48. Marine Protected Areas
Source: Provincial Planning and Development Office, 2016

85
3.2.2.2 Micro Site

Figure 49. Macro Site

Source: Google Earth

Site Analysis

Figure 50. Site Analysis

86
Area of the Lot

• The lot have an area of approximately 55.3 hectares.

• The lot has enough area for the development of proposed project.

Shape of the Lot

• The lot is irregular in shape.

• The shape may also dictate the plan for the project.

• The irregular shape will be used for the form of the structure to gain uniqueness of the

proposal.

Soil

• The general soil formation of the site consists of an upper cohesive fine-grained layer

and an underlying granular deposit.

Slope /Contour

• The slope in the proposed project site is generally identified as Rolling-Hilly. It also

favourable not only for cultivation but is likewise very suitable for urban development.

Vegetation

• Trees are present in the site.

• The existing vegetation on the site can enhance the aesthetic beauty of the project.

These also give shade; minimize heat gain.

Sun Orientation

• The eastern part of the site gathers morning sunlight while the western part gathers

too much sunlight wherein the sun was too hot.

• The building's eastern side can provide natural lighting, but the western side's

abundance of light may have an adverse effect on its occupants.

87
 • Proper orientation of windows and doors must be founded. Utilize the natural

illumination that comes from the morning sun to reduce the amount of electricity you

need. On the west side, there should be a minimum percentage of light.

Wind Orientation

• There will be sufficient ventilation within the site.

• Incorporate vegetations in the development of the project in order to direct wind pattern

to areas that requires intensive ventilation.

Road Network

• The entrance and exit locations should be planned in accordance with the size and

current road network.

Utilities

• There is an existing utility in the site like the power line owned by ORMECO.

• Cell sites are also available by Globe Telecom and Smart Communications.

• Water systems are also available such as Roxas Water District; Cantil Waterworks

Association

• Watershed area presenting Bongabong Watershed as the nearest.

SWOT ANALYSIS

Strengths

• The geographical setting of the site is ideal for the proposed project because of its

surroundings.

• Existing drainage, phone, and communication lines, as well as utilities like ORMECO's

power line, are all readily available in the area.

• Deep wells and Artesian wells

• Having a slope gives more natural landscape and for better shape of the building.

88
 • It has good views of natural landscapes can be used in creating a serene atmosphere

and attracts more tourist or guests.

• Accessible from the provincial and Barangay roads.

Weakness

• Transportation is not that often. Vans, tricycles and private vehicles are present.

• There are residential houses around the site

Opportunities

• It will strengthen the municipality's economy.

• Provide jobs and prospects.

• Better income generating activities.

Threats

• Disturbance of peace and order of surrounding residential, agricultural, and nearby

built ups.

• Nearby river might overflow due to the heavy rains and clogging

3.2.3.2 Summary of the Site Analysis

The proposed project aims develop a Seaport Terminal and Hotel located in Roxas,

Oriental Mindoro. It will be different from other existing ports in the country. The researcher

aims for a developmental route that is based on reverence for both human nature and the

natural world. Acknowledging the importance of nature's processes and constituents to the

municipality's overall well-being as well as the relationship between the two.

The threats and weaknesses will highlight potential countermeasures or strategies to

mitigate the adverse impact and turn them into opportunities rather than liabilities.

The project's strength and potential indicate a high likelihood of success and viability.

Given all of the site information that has been provided thus far, the chosen location is

89
adequate for the proposed Seaport Terminal and Hotel.

3.2.4 User’s Analysis

3.2.4.1 User’s Demography

The proposed Domestic Seaport Terminal and Hotel located in Roxas, Oriental

Mindoro targets to cater the probable number of incoming and outgoing passengers from

different parts Luzon and Visayas Region, and possible supplier of cargoes of agriculture

product and goods from MIMAROPA which will definitely contribute in the economy of the

country. The last are the probable route, company and name of vessel of the proposed project.

➢ The Possible target groups: Port passengers, local residents and tourists.

Figure 51. Regional Distribution of Travelers around the Philippines (2017-2020

Source: Researchgate

Figure 51 shows the regional traveler distribution around the Philippines. It was evident

that domestic tourists have constantly shown higher interest in Regions IV-A (CALABARZON),

VII (Central Visayas), VI (Western Visayas), and V (Bicol Region). This trend continued in

2017 and 2019. It is noteworthy that visits to the beaches, picturesque settings, and scuba

90
diving activities found in each of Regions IV-A, V, VI, and VII may be the reason for their

increasing popularity.

Possible routes, Company, and Vessel Names

Route/link Company/operation Vessel Grt Paxcap Hull Year Age

name built
Batangas City – Montenegro Pass/cargo/roro
Romblon, Shipping
Romblon Lines inc.
Bulacao, Or MV Fast Cat M8 Archipelago Pass/cargo/roro 698 290 Steel
Mindoro – (pioneer status) Phil. Ferries
Caticlan, Malay, Corp
Aklan
Manila – Coron – MV D Asean Journey JVS Liner 491 328 Steel 1980
Cuyo (both in Journey
Palawan) Sea
Transport
Inc.
Lucena city – Montenegro Pass/cargo/roro
Balanacan, Shipping
Mogpog, Lines Inc.
Marinduque
Lucena city – Montenegro Pass/cargo/roro
Boac, Shipping
Marinduque Lines Inc.
Lubang, Titik, Montenegro Pass/cargo/roro
Occ. Mindoro – Shipping
Nasugbu Lines Inc.
Batangas
Lucena City – MV Virgen de Starhorse Liner/roro 184 186 Steel
Balanacan, Penafrancia II Shipping
Mogpog MV Virgen de line
(Marinduque) – Penafrancia I
Subuquin, San
Juan Batangas, -
Cawit, Boac,
Marinduque
Manila – Coron – MV April Rose Silverio M. Pass/cargo/roro 250 360 Steel 1984
El Nido – Atienza
Liminangcong –
Taytay (all in
Palawan)
Manila – Coron – MV May Lilies Silverio M. Liner 316.18 254 Steel 1984
El Nido – Atienza
Liminangcong – MV April Rose Silverio M. Liner 250 360 Steel 1979
Taytay (all in Atienza
Palawan) –
Manila – Tilik,
Lubang Occ.
Mindoro/Manila –
Coron – Culion
Roxas, Oriental, Montenegro Pass/cargo/roro
Mindoro, - Shipping
Caticlan, Malay, Lines Inc.
Aklan Starlite
Ferry Corp.
Besta
shipping

91
 lines
Philharbor
Ferries &
Port
Services
Asian Pass/cargo/roro
Marine
Transport
Corp
MV RORO Master Orange Pass/cargo/roro 798.24 317 Steel 2015
Navigation
Inc.

Route/link Company/operation Vessel Grt Paxcap Hull Year Age

name built
Bato, Samboan, Danilo Pass/cargo/roro
Cebu – Paluan, Liners, Inc
Dapitan,
Zamboanga del
Norte
Bien – Unido, VG Shipping Pass/cargo/roro
Bohol – Talibon,
Bohol
Bogo, Cebu Montenegro Pass/cargo/roro
Cataingan, Shipping
masbate Lines, Inc.
Bogo, City – Asian Marine Pass/cargo/roro
Palompon, Leyte Transport
Corp.
Cebu City – Bato MV South Pacific Southern Liner 230.99 212 Steel 1975
Leyte MV Fiji Pacific Trans 189.71 204 1982
Corp
Medallion Pass/cargo/roro
Transport
Cebu City – Lapu-lapu Pass/cargo
Baybay, Leyte Shipping
Lines Corp.
Roble Pass/cargo/roro
Shipping Inc.
Cebu City – Trans-Asia Pass/cargo/roro
Cagayan de Oro Shipping
City Lines Inc.
Cokaliong Pass/cargo/roro
Shipping
Lines Inc.
Cebu City – Cokaliong Pass/cargo/roro
Calibayog Shipping
(Maguinoo) Lines Inc.
Cebu City – Roble Pass/cargo/roro
Catbalogan, Shipping Inc.
Samar
Cebu – Dapitan – George & Pass/cargo/roro
Dumaguete – Peter Lines
Cebu Inc.
Cebu City – Life Shipping Pass/cargo/roro
Tagbiliran City, Corp.
Bohol Cebu – Pass/cargo/roro
Tagbiliran – Life Shipping
Larena – Plaridel Corp.

92
– Larena -
Tagbilaran –
Cebu City
Cebu City – Medalion Pass/cargo/roro
Talibon, Bohol Transport
VG Shipping
Cebu City – Sunline Pass/cargo/roro
Tubigon, Bohol Shipping
Corp
Life Shipping Pass/cargo/roro
Corp
Cebu City – VG Shipping Pass/cargo/roro
Tubod, Lanao
del Norte
Cebu City – Trans-asia Pass/cargo/roro
Zamboanga City Shipping
Lines Inc.
Culasi, Roxas Asian Marine Pass/cargo/roro
City – Batangas Transport
– Culasi, Roxas Corp
City
Danao City, Asian Marine Pass/cargo/roro
Cebu – Transport
Consuelo, Corp
Camotes Islan,
Cebu
Danao City - E.B. Aznar Pass/cargo/roro
Isable Leyte Shipping
Corp
Danao City – Asian Marine Pass/cargo/roro
Poro, Camotes Transport
Island, Cebu Corp
Dumaguete – George & Pass/cargo/roro
Dapitan – Peter Lines,
Dumaguete – Inc.
Cebu – Dapitan –
Cebu –
Dumaguete

Table 17. Possible Routes, Company, and Vessel Names

Source: marina.gov.ph

93
3.2.4.2 Organizational Structure

Figure 52. General Organizational Chart

94
Port Manager

Department Manager
Manager
Administrative Service Division

Finance Service Division

Harbor Operations Division

Market Operation Division

Port Maintenance Division

Police and Security Division

Figure 53. Seaport Terminal Organizational Chart

95
3.2.4.3 Behavioral Pattern/ Analysis

Port Passenger

ENTRANCE

Information Area

Ticketing Booth

Security Inspection

Comfort Rooms Waiting Area Restaurant/

Canteen

Seat Number
Counter

Security Inspection

DEPARTURE
AREA
Figure 54. Port Passenger Behavioral Pattern
Roro Passenger with Vehicle/Cargoes

96
 ENTRANCE

Unloading Area/ Parking

SECURITY INSPECTION

TICKETING
BOOTH

Marshalling Area

Security Inspection

Boarding

On Board

Figure 55. Port Passenger with Vehicle Bahavioral Pattern

97
Head Officer/ Regular Staff

ENTRANCE

Regular Conference
Inspection Office/Working Area
Rooms

Snack Comfort
Bar/Canteen Lounge
Rooms

Office

Time-out
Figure 56. Staff Behavioral Pattern

Travel Lodge Guest

ENTRANCE

Restaurant Hallway Toilet

Rooms
Figure 57. Staff Behavioral Pattern

98
Other Staff

Linen Room Time In Toilet

House keeper Lounge

Time Out
Figure 58. Other Staff Bahavioral Pattern

DIRECTOR

Agriculture Council

Technical Director Planning and Technical Director

For Operation Monitoring for Research

Field Operation Engineer Field Operation

Marketing Marketing
Assistance Assistance

Market Market
Facilitator Facilitator

Figure 59. Trading Center Organizational Structure

99
 Customer

Comfort Rooms Market Spot Restaurant

Parking

Figure 60. Customer Behavioral Pattern

Trading Center

Market Spot Time In Lounge

Office

Toilet Pantry Conference

Room
Figure 61. Trading Staff Behavioral Pattern

100
101