Theory of thermodynamic

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and
their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation. The
behavior of these quantities is governed by the four laws of thermodynamics which
convey a quantitative description using measurable macroscopic physical quantities, but
may be explained in terms of microscopic constituents by statistical mechanics.
Thermodynamics applies to a wide variety of topics in science and engineering,
especially physical chemistry, biochemistry, chemical engineering and mechanical
engineering, but also in other complex fields such as meteorology. [1]
To be specific, it explains how thermal energy is converted to or from other forms of
energy and how matter is affected by this process. Thermal energy is the energy that
comes from heat. This heat is generated by the movement of tiny particles within an
object, and the faster these particles move, the more heat is generated.
Thermodynamics is not concerned about how and at what rate these energy
transformations are carried out. It is based on the initial and final states undergoing the
change. It should also be noted that Thermodynamics is a macroscopic science. This
means that it deals with the bulk system and does not deal with the molecular constitution
of matter.[2]
[1] https://byjus.com/physics/thermodynamics/#what-is-thermodynamics
[2] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/mathematics/thermodynamic-theory
What are the main parts of a wind turbine?
A wind turbine consists of five major parts and many minor parts. The main components
are the foundation, the tower, the rotor and hub (including three blades), the nacelle, and
the generator.
The installation of all these elements requires specific wind turbine equipment to fulfill
the needs of each one.[3]
1. Wind turbine foundation
The foundation is in the ground for onshore turbines; it is invisible because it is covered
with dirt. It is a large, heavy structural block of concrete that must support the entire
turbine and the forces acting on it.
In offshore turbines, the foundation is underwater and not visible. For offshore turbines
far from the sea, the base floats but has enough mass to support and sustain the weight of
the turbine and any forces exerted on it.
2. Wind energy tower
The towers of most modern turbines are made of round steel tubes. A rule of thumb for a
turbine tower is that it is the same height as the circle’s diameter its blades make as they
spin. Generally, the taller the turbine, the more susceptible to high-speed winds. Because
the farther we are from the ground, the stronger the wind (the wind does not have the
same speed at different heights).
3. Wind turbine rotor and hub
The rotor is the rotating part of the turbine; it consists of three blades and a central part
connecting the blades, the hub.
Although it is the most common, a turbine does not necessarily have three blades. But the
three-blade rotor has advantages such as optimum efficiency. The blades aren’t strong;
they’re hollow and made of composite material that’s both lightweight and strong. The
trend is to make them bigger (for more power), lighter, and more robust. For
aerodynamics, the blades are shaped like an airfoil (like an airplane’s wings). Also, they
are not flat and have a twist between their root and tip. The blade can rotate up to 90°
around its axis. This movement is called pitch.
The function of the hub is to hold the blades and allow them to rotate relative to the rest
of the turbine body.
4. Wind turbine Nacelle
The nacelle houses all the components that need to be on top of the turbine.
The nacelle of a wind turbine is a complex electromechanical system with quite a few
components that function correctly with precision. Significant turbine parts are the
generator and the turbine shaft that transfers the harvested power from wind to the
generator through a gearbox. The gearbox is an essential part of the wind turbine; it’s on
the cable car.
Since the turbine must follow the wind and adjust its direction according to the wind
direction, its rotor must turn relative to the tower. This rotation is called yaw motion, in
which the nacelle and rotor rotate around the tower axis.
5. Wind energy generator
A generator is a component that converts the mechanical energy of the rotor (obtained
from the wind) into electrical energy. The generator has the same structure as the electric
motor.[4]
[3]https://www.vernier.com/experiment/elb-wind-1_introduction-to-wind-turbines/

[4] Dykes, K., F. Miller, R. Weinberg, A. Godwin, and E. Sautter, 2008, A Wind Resource Assessment for
Near-Shore Lake Erie, Report prepared by Green Energy Ohio: Cleveland, Ohio.