Landscape Architecture

ENAR 436

Samar Nazer

Department of Architectural Engineering

Birzeit University

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 Types of plants
Identification of plants
Family
Genera
Species
Subspecies

Olea europea
Family :oleaceae
Genera: olea
Species: europea
Subspecies: Poulus nigra “Italica”

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 The Botanic Naming of plants

• Family: similar nature, end by “aceae”

Fagaceae, Legumenaceae, Rosaceae.
• Genus: “plural Genera”, similarities in fruit and
flowers but not identical representation. Prunus,
Rosa, Fagus.
• Species: “ plural species” subdivisions of genera
different in leaf shape, flower color, fruit size. “
lower case letter “
Rosa grandiflora, Prunus armeniaca
• Subspecies Populous nigra “italic”
• Variety: “cultivated variety”
Magnolia grandiflora “Cairo”
• Hybrid: -X- “before genus hybridization between
two genera, after the genus hybridization
between two sp. Of the same genera.
Magnolia X soulangiana
Magnolia denudate x Magnolia liliiflora
x Ferobergia, a hybrid between two cacti of the
genus Ferocactus and of the
genus Leuchtembergia.
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 Types of plants
• Trees
• Shrubs
• Climbers
• Perennials
• Annuals and biennials
• Bulbs
they can be aquatic or terrestrials

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Dechondra repens
4
perennials
 Trees and shrubs

• Conifers,
• broadleaves,
• Palms and cycads,
• Cactus and Succulent
• Rosette

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 Conifer Larix decidua

• needle-leaved or scale-leaved.
Some not (Ginko biloba)
• most of them are evergreen. Some
not (Larix sp.)
• cone-bearing

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 Ginko biloba
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Metasequoia glyptostroboides

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 Pinus pinea

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 Juniperus

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 Cupressus sempervirence

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 Cedrus atlantica

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 Thuja oreintalis

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 Broadleaves trees and shrubs
• Ever green or deciduous
• Flowers : catkins or flowers
• vary in sizes and forms
• Broad leaves vary in shape and size and color, some not
like Casuarina
• Growth; fast or slow, columnar or domed, pendulous,
fan shape

• Harsh weather, cold

• Pollution
• Can be pruned for topiary

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 casuarina

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 Catkin flowers

Salix alba

Platanus orientalis

Salix alba

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Salix babylonica
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 Brachychiton
populneus

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1/24/2023 Samar Nazer Brachychiton acerifolia18
Brachychiton discolor
 Cersis siliquastrum

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 Prunus persica (Peach)

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 Phyionix dactilifera

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 Cedrus libani

Calistemon
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 Ricinus communis

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 Climbers
• Spread on ground or climb on walls
• Evergreen or deciduous
• Some has small root on branches to help to
climb
• Grow for the beauty of leaves or flowers
• Use in pergolas, cover walls, gates,
windows…etc,
• can be pruned to change habit become as shrub
• Fragrant flowers
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Bougainvillea spectabilis

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 Passiflora edulis Passiflora auctifolia

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 Aptenia
cordifolia

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 Hedra helix

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 Lonicera japonica

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 Requirement of plants
• Light
• Water
• Air
• Nourishment
• Temperature, hardiness
• Soil
• spacing

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 light
• natural light from sun for photosynthesis
Full shade from buildings,
- deep shade from dense foliage ,
- half equalized proportion of full sun and
shade
-light , filtered shade

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 water
• All plants need water
• From rain or irrigation
• Obtained through soil, spray the leaves, dew
• Drought resistance plants best for semi- arid
and arid areas

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 Nourishment and fertilizers
and pesticides
• Nitrogen stem foliage
• Phosphorous roots
• Potassium flowers and fruits
• Iron , magnesium, boron, copper

• Found naturally in the soil from parent rock

• or by adding fertilizers
• Be careful in using fertilizers
• Pesticides for aphids and disease

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 temperature
• Hardiness (resist cold weather)

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 Soil
• Sand, silt, clay

• Top soil , humus -nutrient organic material

• Sub soil reservoir (parent rock)
• ph

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 Air
• Air in the soil, availability of oxygen in the soil
• Water logged, clay soils are oxygen- deficient
• Loose soil

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 spacing
• Depend on spread

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 Ordering and Planting
• Ordering samplings or seeds from available
nurseries
• For planting prepare the soil
• Digging hole with suitable size , plant and
water

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 maintenance
• Care, pruning, watering, repotting

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 Plant Properties
•Size
•Form
•Habit
•Color
•texture
•Bark
•berries

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 Form

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 habit
• An upright, reasonably large [more than (3-4) 5 metres tall] woody
plant, usually with a single stem. (trees)
• An upright (or spreading horizontally and then becoming upright)
multiple stemmed woody plant which is generally smaller than a
tree (usually less than 5 metres tall). ascending
• A woody plant with branches spreading along the ground or lying
flat on the ground, or spreading along the ground for most of its
length but with tips turning upwards. Prostrate
• Woody or herbaceous plants with stems that are not self-
supporting, but are climbing or straggling on some support.
Climbing, straggling
• Herbs (or rarely shrubs) with a whorl of leaves (by contraction of
stem internodes) at the base of the stem, or non-woody, non-
climbing plants. Rosette-forming or herbaceous (non-climbing)

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 texture

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 color

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 berries

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 Parts of plant
• Root
• Stem
• Branches
• Leaves
• Flowers
• Fruits
• seeds

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 Roots

• Tap, Fibrous, Bulbs, Rhizomes

• Horizontal spread, vertical (deep)
• function

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 stem
• function
• Bark texture

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 leaves

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 branches

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 Flowers
Rosa sp.

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 Pittosporum tobira

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 Prunus amygdalus
Amygdalus comunis

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 Wisteria sinensis

Wisteria •

Wisteria sinensis
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 fruits

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Pyrus communis
Prunus aviam

Punica granatum

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 Ceratonia siliqua

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 Schine molle

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 seeds

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