SENIORS ZOOLOGY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

Very Short Answer Questions:

Unit I (B) - Breathing and Exchange of Gases

1. What is the effect of pCO2 on oxygen transport?

2. What happens to the respiratory process in a man going up a hill?

3. What are conchae?

4. What is meant by chloride shift?

5. Mention any two occupational respiratory disorders and their causes in human beings?

6. Name the muscles that help in normal breathing movements?

Unit 2 (A) – Body Fluids and Circulation

7. Write the differences between ‘open’ and ‘closed’ systems of circulation.

8. Sino-atrial node is called the pacemaker of our heart. Why?

9. Name the valves that guard the left and right atrioventricular apertures in man?

10. Name the heart sounds. When are they produced?

11. Why the arteries are more elastic than the veins?

Unit 2 (B) – Excretory Products and Their Elimination

12. What are the columns of Bertin?

13. Distinguish between cortical and juxta medullary nephrons.

14. Define glomerular filtration?

15. Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).

16. What is juxtaglomerular apparatus?

17. Distinguish between the enzymes renin and rennin.

18. What is meant by the term osmoregulation?

 Unit 3 (A) – Musculo-Skeletal System

19. What is a ‘motor unit’ with reference to muscle and nerve?

20. What is triad system? Where it is located.

21. Write the difference between action and myosin.

22. Distinguish between red muscle fibers and white muscle fibers

23. Name two cranial sutures and their locations.

24. Name the keystone bone of cranium. Where is it located?

25. Human skull is described as dicondylic skull. Give the reason.

26. Name the ear ossicles and their evolutionary origin in human beings.

27. Name the type of joint between a) atlas / axis b) carpal/metacarpal of the human thumb

28. Name the type of joint between Femur and hip bone.

29. Name the type of joint between a) cranial bones b) Inter-tarsal joint

Unit 3 (B) – Neural Control and Coordination

30. Name the cranial meninges covering the brain of man.

31. What is corpus callosum?

32. What do you know about arbor vitae?

33. Why the sympathetic division is called thoraco-lumbar division?

34. Why the parasympathetic division is called cranio-sacral division?

35. What is all-or-none principle?

36. How do rods and cones of human eye differ from each other chemically and functionally?

37. Distinguish between the blind spot and the yellow spot.

Unit 4 (A) – Endocrine System and Chemical Coordination

38. What is acromegaly? Name the hormone responsible for this disorder.

39. Which hormone is called anti-diuretic hormone? Write the name of the gland that secretes it.

40. Distinguish between diabetis insipidus and diabetis mellitus.

41. What is insulin shock?

42. Which hormone is commonly known as fight and flight hormone?

43. What is erythropoietin? What is its function?

Unit 5 (A) – Human Reproductive System

44. Where are the testes located in man? Name the protective coverings of each testis.

45. What are the functions of Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules and the Leydig cells in man?

46. Define spermiogenesis and spermiation.

47. Name the yellow mass of cells accumulated in the empty follicle after ovulation. Name the
hormone secreted by it and what is its function?

48. Define gestation period. What is the duration of gestation period in the human beings?

49. What is implantation, with reference to embryo?

50. Distinguish between epiblast and hypoblast.

51. Write two major functions, each of testis and ovary.

52. Draw a labeled diagram of a sperm.

53. What are the major components of the seminal fluid?

54. What is parturition? Which hormones are involved in inducing parturition?

55. How many eggs do you think were released by the ovary of a female dog which gave birth to six
puppies?

56. What is capacitation of sperms?

Short Answer Questions:

Unit I (B) - Breathing and Exchange of Gases

57. Explain the process of inspiration and expiration under normal conditions?

58. What are the major transport mechanism for CO2? Explain?

59. How is respiratory movements regulated in man?

60. Distinguish between

a) IRV and ERV

b) Inspiratory capacity and expiratory capacity
c) Vital capacity and Total lung capacity.

61. Describe disorders of respiratory system.

 Unit 2 (A) – Body Fluids and Circulation

62. Explain the mechanism of clotting of blood?

63. Distinguish between arteries and veins.

Unit 2 (B) – Excretory Products and Their Elimination

64. Differentiate vertebrates on the basis of the nitrogenous waste products they excrete, giving examples.

65. Draw a labelled diagram of the V.S. of kidney.

66. Describe the internal structure of kidney of man.

67. Describe the role of liver, lungs and skin in excretion.

68. Name the following

a) A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures

b) Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney.

c) Capillary network that paralleling the loop of Henle

d) A non chordate animal having green glands as excretory structures

Unit 3 (A) – Musculo-Skeletal System

69. Describe the important steps in muscle contraction.

70. Describe the structure of a skeletal muscle.

71. What is Cori’s cycle – Explain the process.

72. List out the bones of the human cranium.

73. Draw a neat labelled diagram of pelvic girdle.

74. Describe the structure of synovial joint with the help of a neat labelled diagram

Unit 3 (B) – Neural Control and Coordination

75. Draw a labeled diagram of the T.S of the spinal cord of man.

76. Give an account of the retina of the human eye.

77. Give an account of synaptic transmission.

78. List out the differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic neural systems in man.

Unit 4 (A) – Endocrine System and Chemical Coordination

79. List out the names of endocrine glands present in human beings and mention the hormones they secrete.

80. Give an account of the secretions of pituitary gland.

81. Explain how hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can affect the body?

82. Write a note on Addison’s disease and Cushing’s syndrome?

83. Write a note on the mechanism of action of hormones.

Long Answer Questions:

Unit 2 (A) – Body Fluids and Circulation

84. Describe the structure of the heart of man with the help of neat labelled diagram.

85. Write notes on the working of the heart of man?

Unit 2 (B) – Excretory Products and Their Elimination

86. Describe the excretory system of man, giving the structure of a nephron.

87. Explain the physiology of urine formation.

Unit 3 (B) – Neural Control and Coordination

88. Give a brief account of the structure and functions of the brain of man.

Unit 5 (A) – Human Reproductive System

89. Describe female reproductive system of a woman with the help of labeled diagram.

90. Describe male reproductive system of a man. Draw a labeled diagram of it.