9

Technology and
Livelihood Education
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
CHICKEN HEALTH
MANAGEMENT AND SANITATION
PROGRAM

Self-Learning Module

“Una sa tanan, BATA: Buligan, Amligan, Tudluan, Alalayan!”

DIVISION OF BACOLOD CITY

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TLE 9-Organic Agriculture
Self Learning Module
Quarter 1 – Module 5– Chicken Health Management and Sanitation Program

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authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Division of Bacolod City, Region VI
Development Team of the Self Learning Module

Writers: Azeneth V. Dimaandal

Editors: Clara A. Tigallo
Reviewers: Conchita P. Edjan
Illustrators: Azeneth V. Dimaandal
Layout Artists: Azeneth V. Dimaandal
Management Team: Gladys Amylaine D. Sales
Michell L. Acoyong
Janalyn B. Navarro
Susan A. Jalwin
Ellen G. Dela Cruz

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region VI – Division of Bacolod City

Office Address: Rosario-San Juan Sts., Bacolod City 6100

Telefax: (034) 704-2585

E-mail Address: bacolod.city@deped.gov.ph

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Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

This stand-alone module in Grade 9-Organic Agriculture Production is intended for
distance learning modality. Learners who could not afford online or face-to-face
learning can utilize this module. It includes a learner-friendly pretest, self-check
exercises, additional activities, and other learning instructions intended to help
learners learn even teachers and learner are geographically remote from each other.
This covers topics in Grade 9 in the 1st Quarter with corresponding learning activities
for learners to achieve the most essential learning competencies and lesson
objectives. Moreover, each exercise in this module is designed for independent
learning and practice. However, ensure that the learners’ parents, elder siblings,
guardians or relatives at home will guide and support them as they accomplish its
given tasks.
Furthermore, explain to students that taking the tests diligently will allow them to
learn their lessons for their academic progress. Most importantly, remind them to
answer the given activities on a separate answer sheet and handle this module with
utmost care.

For the learner:

This learner-friendly module in Grade 9-Organic Agriculture Production is specially
designed for your learning needs and progress. Your patience and dedication in
reading and answering its learning exercises will help you successfully cope with
lessons. You are free to ask assistance from your teachers, parents, siblings, friends,
and family members whom you think can help you best. Read each lesson carefully
and follow the instructions for your activities after reading.
Remember to answer the given exercises in a separate sheet of paper. When you
are done, kindly return it to your teacher to check and evaluate your level of
competency.

Good luck and God bless.

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Parts of the Self-Learning Module
The following are the parts of this module that will help you finish your tasks.
Read the following descriptions below to better understand each part.
This part will be your guide to learn in the
specific lessons specifically your skills
I Need to Know
and competencies.

This contains a 10-item pre-test that will

I Will Check on This check what you already know.

This section will give you the topic,

Lesson Overview information and concepts as a brief
discussion for you to learn.

It is in this part that the new lesson will

be introduced to you in different ways: a
story, a poem, a problem opener, an
I Will Do This activity, or a situation. You will be given
specific instructions on how to go about
the activity

In this part helps you generalize your

I Learned This understanding of the concepts. This
includes a short fill-in the blanks
summary of the topic

This provides you questions and

I Practice This exercises to help you deepen your
understanding of the concept.

This section includes an activity or

I Apply This exercises that will help you apply your
knowledge into real-life situations

This is composed of 10-item exercises to

I Test Myself assess if you have attained the learning
competency.

References

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 I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
determine the appropriate, health management, and sanitation and cleanliness
program. (TLE_AFOA9-12OC-Ia-j-IIa-j-1). The scope of this module allows you to
use it in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module is divided into the following lessons:

 Lesson 1- Chicken Health management and sanitation program

After going through this module, you are expected to

1. Determine the growth rate of based on standard age requirements.

2. Describe the appropriate health management program for chickens
3. Discuss the sanitation and cleanliness requirements.

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 I Will Check On This
I Check On This
Read each sentence carefully. Select the letter of the best answer

1. A health management program that strengthen the immunity of chicken

against various disease?
a. Deworming
b. Anti-biotic application
c. Vaccination
d. Sanitation

2. What should be done first when new stocks in the farm?

a. Disinfection
b. Isolation
c. Sanitation
d. Vaccination

3. One of the health management practices done to get rid of parasitic intestinal
worms in the chicken?
a. Deworming
b. Disinfection
c. Vaccination
d. Vitamin supplementation

4. What sanitation and cleanliness program which done through destroying all
infective and reproductive forms of all microorganism?
a. Disinfection
b. Quarantine
c. Sanitation
d. Sterilization

5. What is the average weight of chicken at the 21 days under Philippine

condition?
a. 200 grams
b. 425 grams
c. 600 grams
d. 750 grams

6. What sanitation and cleanliness program is done by killing all pathogenic

microorganism present in the vicinity of the project?
a. Disinfection
b. Quarantine
c. Sanitation
d. Sterilization

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7. What particular vitamin deficiency chicken produces thin shelled eggs,
reduced production and retarded growth?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin E
d. Vitamin K

8. Which of the following locally grown plants can be used as anti-parasitic and
dewormer?
a. Chili
b. Ginger
c. Ipil-ipil
d. Lemon grass

9. What particular mineral is needed when poor egg shell quality and poor
hatchability in poultry occurs?
a. Calcium
b. Iron
c. Iodine
d. Zinc

10. The recommended disinfection of chicken house should be done every?

a. Every three months
b. Once a year
c. Once or twice a month
d. Twice a year

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 Lesson
Chicken Health Management
1 and Sanitation Program

Lesson Overview

Chickens are susceptible to many threats in which have a huge effects on its
productivity. These threats includes diseases from uncontrolled natural invasion in
the farm, malnutrition and poor sanitation and cleaning program. Poor productivity of
chicken will eventually lead to investment relapse. Therefore, to prevent the
occurrence of threats, it is essential to practice a good poultry health management
and appropriate sanitary and cleaning program. These important management
component in poultry production should be part of the daily routine. Animal raisers
should always bear in mind that pathogens and microorganism is everywhere and
can be transferred to flock anytime. As what they say, prevention is the most
practical way to control disease which can be attained through proper health
management of stocks and rigid sanitation practices in the farm.

Importance of Growth Rate Monitoring

The growth or development of chicken should be monitored for easier

decision making and able to determine the health status of stocks. Table 1 presents
the standard weight according to age of chicken.

AGE Average Est. Feed consumption Estimated

Weight Bird per Day in grams FCR
In grams
7 125 26 1.13
14 250 28 0.95
21 425 37 1.04
28 550 47 1.25
35 750 62 1.24
42 1010 70 1.52
49 1350 83 1.88
56 1550 99 2.2
63 1650 110 2.4
Table 1. Estimated Production Performance Guidelines under Philippine Condition

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How FCR helps determine the chicken health and productivity?

Feed Conversion Ratio or the FCR is also referred as feed efficiency as an

economically important traits in animals. It is referred to as the amount of feeds
consumed by the animals for every kilos gain in weight. It is estimated by dividing the
total amount of feed consumed by the total gain in weight made by the animals
during the feeding test.

Here’s the sample computation

Total amount of feeds consumed by the chicken from initial of weight 125
grams to 250 grams is 182 grams. This amount of feed consumed which 182 grams
is divided by 125 (250-125) to give 1.4 grams as the feed efficiency (FCR).

Textual presentation of formula

Total feed consumed is divided the difference of final weight and initial weight

FCR =182/ (250-125)

= 182/125
FCR = 1.456 grams

After determining how much gain in weight attained by chicken and if the
stock had achieved weight based on age and feed intake, it is easier to decide what
supplementation and management intervention is needed.

Why health management is important?

Best feeds and stock with best genetic potentials will not efficiently productive
when the stocks are diseased or infested with parasites. Therefore good poultry
health management is a vital component of poultry production. Rigid implementation
of poultry health management will prevent the onset of disease and parasites that
are likely to spread within the flock. Making health management to poultry as part of
the routine, the risk of negative impact to investment will also be minimized.

The 3 key principles of poultry health management are:

1. Prevention of disease

2. Early recognition of disease

3. Early treatment of disease

As much as possible disease should be prevented. It is easier and less

damaging to prevent disease than it is to treat it. However, it must not be assumed
that all disease can be prevented. Inevitably, some will get past the defense, in
which case it becomes imperative that the condition be recognized as early as
possible to allow treatment or other appropriate action to be implemented as soon as
possible to bring the situation under control to limit the damage to the flock.

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 Organism and microorganism that have the potential to cause harm such as
disease in animals are called pathogens or disease vector. There are many different
types of pathogens that may be transferred from one bird to another by many
different means. These pathogens may include viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa,
internal and external parasites. (https://en.engormix.com/poultry-
industry/articles/sanitation-cleaning-disinfecting-poultry-t34212.htm)

Poultry Health Management

Vaccination is health management practice that strengthen or boost the

immunity of chicken against various diseases particularly cause of virus. There are 3
types of vaccine; live vaccine, attenuated and killed vaccine. A vaccine is being
introduced to the body of animals to prevent a particular disease by boosting the
chicken’s immune system in order to naturally produce antibodies that in turn fight
the invading causal organism or pathogens. (http://www.poultryhub.org/health/health-
management/vaccination/).

In veterinary practice, vaccination should be administered only when chicks

are healthy. Because presence of foreign bodies will lead to its mortality. When the
chick is suspected to be sick, it is advisable to cure first the disease before
administering the vaccine. Here are the Philippine vaccination program in order to
prevent disease outbreak in the farm:

Age of Vaccine Administration Notes

Chicken

8-10 days NCD – New Intranasal or Chicks from unvaccinated

Castle Disease intra-ocular parents may be vaccinate as
early as age of 3
Vaccine

21-24 days Fowl Pox Wing web May not be given in areas
Vaccine where disease is uncommon

26-28 days NCD Intranasal or Check protection to 10-14 days

intramuscular after vaccination. Re vaccinate
if protection is low.

Table 2: Vaccination Program

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 Deworming is one the health management practices that gets rid of parasitic
intestinal worms that tend to reduce the productivity of chicken. In the practice of
organic farming of raising chicken, organic dewormers are used is a preventive
measure of controlling worms in chicken, considering the scenario that the farming
system of chicken is a combination of range or pasturing. These organic dewormers
are added to the chicken’s feed and drinking water, they make chicken’s digestive
system uncomfortable for the worms to reside (Singh, 2019). Parasites affecting the
health of chicken can be in 3 areas; blood parasites that can be transmitted to
chicken through mosquitoes, biting flies and black flies; internal parasites caused
by roundworms and tapeworms; and the external parasites that resulted to
itchiness and ruffled feathers due to fleas, fowl ticks, lice and mites.

Organic dewormers are:

1. Apple cider vinegar. Add 1 teaspoon of vinegar per gallon of water for the
chicken. It helps maintain an acidic environment in the gastrointestinal
tract of the chicken creating unfavorable environment for worms.

2. Garlic. This is a potent spice that caters for the health of gastrointestinal
tract and boost immunity. Grind cloves of garlic can be used as feed
additives.

3. Ipil-ipil. Can be useful as an anti-parasitic and a dewormer. Used as feed

additives.

Vitamin supplementation is also a necessary health management to poultry.

Supplementation of essential vitamins will helps combat disease brought by
poor or inadequate feeding that may lead to vitamin deficiency and other
nutritional disease.

Here are the various vitamin and mineral deficiency as a result of inappropriate
feeding management:

 Vitamin A – decreased egg production, weakness and stunted growth

 Vitamin D- thin shelled eggs, poor laying performance, and stunted growth

 Vitamin E – enlarged hocks, crazy chick disease

 Vitamin K- prolonged blood clotting, intramuscular bleeding

 Vitamin B-12- anemia, poor growth and embryonic mortality

 Calcium – poor egg shell quality and poor hatchability

 Iron- anemia

 Magnesium- sudden death

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 To prevent nutritional deficiencies or when signs and symptoms are observed,
feeding balanced poultry diet are required together with vitamins and mineral
supplementation. Fermented or organic concoction such as FFJ, FPJ, Calphos
among others can also be added to drinking water and as feed additives.

Some of the common herbs that can be used for free range chicken in the
Philippines:

 Chili: Can be used for its anti-viral and antibiotic effects

 Oregano: Can be given to chickens suffering from respiratory

conditions.

 Ginger: Like ginger, it can serve as a natural antibiotic

 Lemongrass: Its juice can be used for detoxification

 Guava: Guava leaves can be used as antibiotic.

Sanitation and Cleanliness Program

Sanitation is one of the most important factor in a successful free range or

organic chicken farming. Proper sanitation and hygienic practices helps prevent
disease occurrence and minimize the risk of profit losses. Chicken house should be
built in a way it will facilitates cleaning accompanied by good water drainage. Proper
cleaning of the house, feeding facilities and other equipment will protect chicken from
infections and other diseases and also provide conducive environment for the
chicken to grow.

Good sanitation practices should be complemented with disinfection,

sterilization, good hygiene, and quarantine and isolation.

Disinfection is killing of all pathogenic microorganisms present in the vicinity of

the project. Disinfect the house one or twice a month (Pudadera, 2019). The farm
should secure a foot bath of at least 4 inches deep where visitor and outsider can dip
and disinfect their feet before entering the farm.

Sterilization is a practice which destroy all infective and reproductive all

microorganism. Sterilize all medical supplies after used during treatment or vitamin
or mineral supplementation of sickly chickens.

Good hygiene is one of the practice that kills pathogens that cause various
diseases to the stocks. Cleanliness should be strictly observed and followed. Good
hygiene practices include;

 The thorough cleaning of poultry house and equipment after each

chickens has been removed.

 Remove dirt, feces and unnecessary things inside the chicken house
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  The use of vehicle disinfection and wash facilities

 The provision of foot wear at the entry to each shed.

 The use of clean litter material after washing the shed and not re-using
liter. Litter in the poultry house should be managed to maintain it in a
dry friable state without caking or being too wet.

 Removing all dead birds and disposing them in a recommended

manner.

 Maintaining all houses and ancillary building and surrounds in a clean

and tidy state.

Lastly, quarantine and isolation which entails isolation of the flock from
disease causing microorganism. The principles of quarantine is to maintain control
over the means of entry of disease causing organism. Replacement stocks should
be quarantine first before introduction to the farm existing stock. While chicken
suspected to be sick should be isolated. This is the essential preventive measure to
eliminate the spread of disease to other chicken.

A disease-free surfaces can be compromised if proper sanitation and

cleanliness practices are disregard. The risk of having a pathogens inside the
projects is always a constant challenge to animal raisers. Therefore, better to have
an effective control measures rather than trusting in visual cleanliness indicators.
Assuming on visual indicator may be fatal to the chicken and eventually lead to loss
of profit.

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 I Will Do This

Exercises:

Study the problem and answer the question.

1. The chicken is on its 28 days of age. Total amount of feeds consumed by the
chicken from initial of weight 400 grams to 600 grams is 259 grams.

a. Show your computation

_______________________________________

b. What is the FCR or feed efficiency of chicken?

__________________________________________

c. Based standard growth rate, does the chicken has a characteristic of feed
efficient? Yes or No, and why? (Brief answer only)
______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

d. Why it is important to monitor the growth and the feed efficiency of the
chicken? (Answer in 2 sentence only).

___________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. The chicks of Mr. Juan Alfonso hatched last July 18, 2020. Given the schedule of
vaccination program. When he should vaccinate the chicks with New Castle
Disease vaccine?

a. Fist vaccination: _________________________

b. Second vaccination: _______________________

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 I Learned This

Fill-in the blanks. Select your answer from the word box.

Pathogens/microorganism disinfect vaccination

quarantined Feed conversion ratio

I have learned that health management of chicken is one of the most

important component of poultry production. Monitoring the growth of chicken will help
the farmer determine the condition of the stocks. The characteristic of chicken with
potential to have high productivity is 1. _________________________which
determine through the amount of feed consumed for every kilos gain in live wight.
And rigid implementation of health management is essential considering that
2._________________ are everywhere and can affect the stocks anytime. Thus, one
of the preventive measure to control the entry of diseases causing organism to the
body of chicken is through 3._________________ in order to boost its immunity
against disease.

Success in chicken farming is coupled with good sanitation and cleanliness

program. If practiced properly, it could prevent disease occurrence and minimize the
risk of investment losses. Thus, as a preventive measures, chicken house should be
4. _____________ once or twice a month. And to eliminate the entry of disease
causing organism especially to replace stock or new breed as crossbreeding
purpose, it should be 5. ________________ before it will be introduced to the
existing stocks.

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 I Practice This
Activity I.
Read the situation and determine the what health management practices is
needed. Choose your best answer in the box.

Vaccination Vitamin/Mineral supplementation

Deworming Antibiotic Application

__________ 1. Boosting the immune system of chicken to prevent infection disease

brought by virus.

___________2. Chickens are suffering from respiratory disease.

___________3. Chickens were infected with parasite or worms in the digestive tract.

___________4. There’s occurrence of fowl pox within the community.

___________5. Egg production is decreasing.

___________6. Chickens feathers were ruffled and showing signs of itchiness.

___________7. Chicken showing symptoms of anemia.

___________8. Eggs shell are in poor quality and poor hatchability

___________9. Administered to prevent paralysis due to New Castle Disease.

__________10. Chickens are pale, dehydrated due to parasite presence in the blood.

Activity II.
Give at least one sentence understanding on the following sanitation and
cleanliness activities best observed and practiced.

1. Disinfection: _________________________________________________

2. Isolation: ____________________________________________________

3. Hygienic practices: ____________________________________________

4. Sterilization: _________________________________________________

5. Isolation: ____________________________________________________

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 I Apply This
Activity I:
Using the available chicks in module, do the growth monitoring by supplying
the necessary data. This worksheet can be answered until the end of the week
before proceeding to the next week module.

Day 1
Initial Weight Current Weight Feed Consumed per
day

Chick 1
Chick 2
Chick 3
Chick 4
Chick 5

Day 2
Initial Weight Current Weight Feed Consumed per
(Weight from Day1) day

Chick 1
Chick 2
Chick 3
Chick 4
Chick 5

Day 3
Initial Weight Current Weight Feed Consumed per
(Weight from Day2) day

Chick 1
Chick 2
Chick 3
Chick 4
Chick 5

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Day 4
Initial Weight Current Weight Feed Consumed per
(Weight from Day3) day

Chick 1
Chick 2
Chick 3
Chick 4
Chick 5

Activity II.

List down as many as you can your step by step sanitation and cleaning
activities you have done in your free-range project.

1. ______________________________________

2. ______________________________________

3. ______________________________________

4. ______________________________________

5. ______________________________________

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 I Test Myself

Read each sentence carefully. Select the letter of the best answer

1. When is the first vaccination of New Castle Disease be administered?

a. Age 14 to 16 days
b. Age 8 to 10 days
c. Age 2 to 6 days
d. Age 10 to 15 days

2. What should be done when there’s suspected chicks within the stock?
a. Disinfection
b. Isolation
c. Sanitized
d. Sterilization

3. What health management practice should be done to chick having ticks and
lies in the body?
a. Deworming
b. Disinfection
c. Vaccination
d. Vitamin supplementation

4. Which of the following herbs can be used as natural or organic dewormer?

a. Chili
b. Garlic
c. Lemongrass
d. Oregano

5. Which of the following herbs has an antibiotic property?

a. Chili
b. Ipil-ipil
c. Garlic
d. Lemongrass

6. What is the feed conversion ratio if chicken initial weight is 565 grams to
current weight of 780 grams had consumed 329 grams of feeds?
a. 1.65
b. 1.20
c. 1.72
d. 1.53

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7. What particular mineral is needed when poor egg shell quality and poor
hatchability in poultry occurs?
a. Calcium
b. Iron
c. Iodine
d. Zinc

8. What should be done first to new stocks or replacement stock before

introduction to existing stocks?
a. Quarantine
b. Sanitize
c. Sterilize
d. Vaccinate

9. Which vitamin deficiency when chicken is suffering from prolonged blood

clotting and intramuscular bleeding?
a. Vitamin C
b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin E
d. Vitamin K

10. What is the recommended foot bath depth?

a. 1 inch
b. 4 inches
c. 6 inches
d. 7 inches

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References

Agribusiness Technology Guide. Broiler Production and Business Guide

Agriculture and Food.2019.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pasture-management/signal-grass?page=0%2C1

Business Diary. https://businessdiary.com.ph/420/trichantera-gigantea-as-feed-

supplement-for-swine/

Darag Chicken Production Guide. Pinoy Bisnes Ideas. 2019

https://businessdiary.com.ph/424/darag-native-chicken-production-guide/

Livestock Feed Rations.2018.

https://businessdiary.com.ph/4126/livestock-feed-rations/Feedipedia.Animal

Philippine National Standard on Organic Agriculture.PNS/BAFS 07:2016

Philippine National Standard on Free Range Chicken.PNS/BAFS262:2018

Poultry Hub. Health Management. http://www.poultryhub.org/health/health-
management/vaccination/

Poultry Manual. The Complete Guide to Free Range Chicken Farming in the
Philippines.https://poultrymanual.com/free-range-chicken-farming-philippines-
guide

The Poultry Site. Vitamins and Minerals Important to Poultry. 2008.

https://thepoultrysite.com/articles/vitamins-and-minerals-important-to-poultry

Singh, Rajesh. Just Agriculture Blog. 2019. https://www.pashudhanpraharee.com/6-

natural-chicken-dewormers

Smith, Tom W.Poultry Industry.Sanitation, Cleaning, and Disinfecting Poultry

Facilities 2008. https://en.engormix.com/poultry-industry/articles/sanitation-
cleaning-disinfecting-poultry-t34212.htm

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