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BIOTECHNOLOGY

Quarter 2 – Module 1:
INTRODUCTION TO
BIOTECHNOLOGY

a
BIOTECHNOLOGY– Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY
First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Biotechnology – Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module
on INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators
both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:
Welcome to the Biotechnology Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module om
DEFINITION SCOPE AND HISTORY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Through our hands we may learn, create, and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this
learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to
successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and
time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
This will give you an idea of the skills or
What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity, or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of
What is It the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

What’s More practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

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 This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will

What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your

Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given

Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it

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 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master definition and scope and history of biotechnology. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read
them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is all about the Cellular Respiration.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
● Define biotechnology
● Trace the historical development of biotechnology
● Describe and explain the contributions of famous Filipino and foreign
biotechnologists to the products useful to mankind.
● Recognize the major scientists and their discoveries and contributions to modern
biotechnology.
● Link the discoveries in light with other developments in the sciences and
understands how a person’s or a group of person’s discoveries could have
profound impact on people’s lives.

What I Know
Directions: Read the statements/ questions carefully. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is a simple definition of biotechnology?
A. The use of non-living organisms to make other products, or to improve
animals or to develop microbes.
B. The use of living organisms to make other products, to improve animals
or to develop microbes.

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 C. The use of chemicals to make other products, to improve animals or to
develop microbes.
D. The use of computers makes other products, to improve animals or to
develop microbes.
2. Which are the most closely related to biotechnology?
A. Medicine and agriculture. C. Construction and engineering.
B. Water treatment and electricity. D. Communication and information.
3. Which of the following is a product made by biotechnology?
I. Cheese II. Penicillin III. Bread IV. Cellphone
A. I and II B. I and III C. I, II and III D. I.II, and IV
4. Who among the following develops grafting techniques for plant breeding in
300 B.C?
A. Babylonians B. Egyptians C. Greeks D. Sumerians
5. Who among the scientists concluded in 1861 that all fermentation are the
results of microbial activity?
A. Charles Darwin C. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
B. Gregor Mendel D. Louise Pasteur

Lesson Biotechnology: Definition

1 Scope of Biotechnology
Biotechnology has emerged as a wonder technology with immense potential
innumerable applications in almost all walks of our life by providing tangible
solution to the problems confronting human life. This technology holds a great
promise to improve the quality of life on earth by poverty alleviation and raising the
standard of living at the global level particularly in third world countries including
Philippines. Biotechnology can help us in meeting our basic needs such as food,
clothing shelter, health, and safety.
What’s In
ACTIVITY 1. DO YOU STILL REMEMBER ME?
Directions: Supply the appropriate word in the puzzle based on the clues below.
DO YOU STILL REMEMBER ME?
1

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 2
3

Across Down
3. It codes genetic information for the 1. It is a threadlike structure of
transmission of inherited traits. nucleic acids and protein found in the
4. It is the basic unit structure of life nucleus of most living cells, carrying
5. It is basic physical and functional unit genetic information in the form of
of heredity. genes.
2. What is the control center of the
cell that contains coded directions to
produce proteins and cell division

What’s New
Activity 2. HOW FAR DO YOU KNOW!

What do you think you already know the science called biotechnology? Write at
least one word or phrase for each letter in the word below that you think
describes something about biotechnology. The letter may begin the word you
choose, or it may appear in the middle or end of the word. For example, if you
choose science, the letter “sc” could go before the letter “i” and the letters
“ence” would follow.
B
I
O
T
E

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 C
H
N
O
L
O
G
Y

What is It
What is Biotechnology?
The word biotechnology can be broken into two parts: bio- is a prefix ( a
word that is attached in front of a word) that means “life” or “living things”;
technology refers to the use of specific knowledge to change or develop processess
and items that benefit people. So when we combine the two, we get our definitionof
biotechnology. It is the practical use of new procedures and devices based on
discoveries about living things (biology).

BIOTECHNOLOGY
Life practical use
Or living things of knowledge

Here are two other ways to define biotechnology:

1. Biotechnology is a science that uses living things ( or parts of them, such as
genes) to change other living things to make products for human use.
2. A simpler definition is that biotechnology is the science of using or changing
living things to improve or benefit people’s live.
In both of these definitions you see the term living things. Throughout the
module you will often see the word organisms used instead of living things. “

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 An organism is more scientific word used to refer to any living things. A tree
is an organism. A fish is an organism. You are an organism. You will also be
reading about very small living things . These things are so small that yiou
can see them only by viewing through the microscope. These very small
things are called microorganisms ( the prefix micro-means “very small”).
Some examples of the microorganisms that you will be encountering
throughout in this module are bacteria and yeast.

SCOPE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnolgy is a multi-disciplinary concept involving many
disciplines or branches of learning including all areas of life sciences such as
Microbiology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Fermentation
technology or Bio- process engineering and Bioinformatics etc.
Biotechnology is not a new technology as it had been traditionally
used by man since time immemorial without knowing the scientific
principles involved in the process. The basics and advanced principles
behind this powerful technology were unraveled and recognized only during
the last few decades due to tremendous progress and advancements made
in the area of genetics, molecular biology that included the discovery of
restriction endonucleases, polymerase chain reaction and completion of
human genome project.etc.
Biotechnology as explained above has the newest roots in the science
of molecular biology, genetic engineering and microbiology. Advances in
these areas have been exploited in a variety of ways both for production of
industrially important bio- chemicals including enzymes and
pharmaceutically important proteins, hormones etc. and for basic studies in
molecular biology. As a result of its endless potentials, the scope and
propsects of biotechnology have widened dramatically for commercial
exploitation. By integrating biotechnology in the process an dproduct
development at commercial scale, biotech based industries have grown
enermously all over the world including Philippines and in the process, have
created new job opportunies, human resource development, and poverty
alleviation. Biotechnolgy has now become a key issue to boost the economy
and health indrustries of different nationalities including both the developed
and developing countries especially now that we are facing a global health
pandemic due to Corona Virus-19 or COVID-19

What’s More

Activity 3. TRUE OR FALSE

Directions: Read each statement and indicate whether it is TRUE or FALSE.
1. Technology means something that helps us. 1. ________

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 2. A tree is not an organism. 2. ________
3. Microorganisms can only be seen with microscope. 3. ________
4. The prefix micro means very large. 4. ________
5. Within the past 75 years, scientist made the greatest
advances in biotechnology. 5. ________
6. Biotechnology cannot help us in meeting our basic
needs such as food, clothing shelter, health, and safety. 6. ________
7. Biotechnology is a science that uses living things. 7. ________
8. Biotechnolgy is a multi-disciplinary . 8. ________
9. Biotechnology is any technique that uses living organisms
Or substances from these organisms to make or modify
A product. 9. _______
10.Genetic Engineering is one of the known scope of
Biotechnology 10. ______

What I Have Learned

Activity 4. VOCABULARY CHECK
Directions: For each of the following terms, give a complete definition
1. Biotechnology
2. Organism
3. Microorganism
4. Microbiology
5. Fermentation

What I Can Do
Activity 5. BUBBLE MAP
Directions: Create a bubble map to show and describe the scope of biotechnology.
Sample bubble map is shown below, you may add more bubbles from the central
bubble.

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Describe in one or two sentences the different areas/scope of biotechnology. You
may add more rows
SCOPE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
AREA/FIELD FUNCTIONS/DESCRIPTIONS

Assessment
I.MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. Joan loves to solve problems using computers and she also likes biology.
What field of biotechnology would be good for Joan?
A. Bioinformatics C. Fermentation
B. Genetic Engineering D. Bioprocessing

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 2. Which are the oldest microbes that have been exploited by humans for their
benefit in the ancient times?
A. Bacteria C. Protozoa
B. Molds D. Yeast
3. How can agricultural biotechnology have a positive impact on the
environment?
A. By developing agricultural biotechnology have a positive impact on the
environment.
B. Planting crops in shaded
C. Harvesting crops that have thick stems and leaves.
D. Water crops with recycled irrigation system.
4. Which is a genetic engineering advancement directly related to a career in
biotechnology?
A. Improving solar energy collection.
B. Transporting textiles at higher rates.
C. Creating crop foods that resist insect pests.
D. Repairing historical sites with quality materials
5. In what way is biotechnology useful to law enforcement agencies such PNP
or NBI?
A. It can help identify who was present at the scene of a crime.
B. It can help undercover officers disguise themselves
C. It might help determine the victims of a future crime.
D. It can help determine who is most likely to become a criminal in the
future.

Additional Activities

Do research on the internet, identify at least five processes or products of

biotechnology that benefit you in your daily life.

Answer Key
What I know Activity 2.
1. B Answers varies
2. A
3. C

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4. B
5. D

ACTIVITY 1
ACROSS
3. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
4. CELL
5. GENE
DOWN
1. CHROMOSOME
2. NUCLEUS
ACTIVITY 3. TRUE OR FALSE
1. TRUE 3. TRUE 5. FALSE 7. TRUE 9. TRUE
2. FALSE 4. FALSE 6. FALSE 8. TRUE 10. TRUE
Activity 4. VOCABULARY CHECK

Possible answers
1. Biotechnology- is a science that uses living things ( or parts of them, such as
genes) to change other living things to make products for human use.
2. Organism- is a living thing
3. Microorganism- an organism such as bacterium seen microscopically
4. Microbiology- a branch of biology dealing with microscopic forms of organisms
5. Fermentation- anaerobic breakdown of an energy-rich compound such as
carbohydrate to carbon dioxide and alcohol or to an organic acid

Activity 5. BUBBLE MAP

Answers varies

ASSESSMENT:
1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 5.A

References
Johnson, L. M. (2011). Biotechnology With Students Activities. New York,
United States: Amsco School Publications.
Unit1 Biotechnology Timeline
Https://Www.Slideshare.Net/Melodiekernahan/Unit1-Biotechnology-Timeline December 12,
2014
Https://Www.Google.Com/Search?Q=Closer+Look+At+Biotechnology

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Lesson
Biotechnology: HISTORY OF
2 BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology is a term used to indicate the process by which raw materials
could be biologically upgraded into useful products. You may not know it, but
biotechnology has already made our lives better and can continue to do so in
the future.

What’s In
ACTIVITY 1. SEARCH AND FIND
Search this puzzle to find 20 words related to biotechnology and biological
products. You can form the words forward, backward, upside down or diagonally.
Circle the words you find.
BIOLOGY CROP INSECT SCIENTIST TRAIT
BIOTECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENT MICROSCOPE SOIL WATER
CORN FOOD POTATO SOYBEAN WHEAT
COTTON GENE RICE TECHNOLOGY DAIRY

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 T B Z T G O R F O O D Q E Y S
I M I R N E T T C V D P C G O
A K E O T E L A U R O C E O Y
R K A A L I M F T C O S K L B
T J W R N O J N S O Y P U O E
I J I S Q Y G O O I P E W N A
N C E N E G R Y Z R L T Z H N
E C J C S C I E N T I S T C O
T L W I I Z M E L Y Q V H E R
Q T E M M C W I L P R D N T C
W C W H E A T L N I G I E E O
N U G I J N M V X H O H A K R
N O T T O C M U R L U S X D N
Y G O L O N H C E T O I B S J
B N H K A V B L Z X L Q S A I

What’s New
Activity 2. Let us Decode
Directions: You may not know it, but biotechnology has already made
our lives better and can continue to do so in the future. Look closer
and use the decoder in the box to figure out three ways that
biotechnology help us.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
25 18 12 7 22 24 19 13 12 15 12 20 2
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
24 26 13 19 22 15 11 6 8 20 9 12 4
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
14 12 9 22 21 12 12 23

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 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
11 9 12 7 22 24 7 7 19 22

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
22 13 5 18 9 12 13 14 22 13 7
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
20 9 12 4 14 12 9 22 13 6 7 9 18 7 18 12 6 8

___ ___ ___ ___

21 12 12 23

What is It

BIOTECHNOLOGY TIMELINE
YEAR EVENT
10,000 C.E- Biotechnology was used for the first time when the
2000 C.E Egyptians use yeast to leaven bread and ferment
beer.
Early domestication of animals and crops, cheese,
wine bread use yeast and bacteria for fermentation
process. It occurred in Sumeria, China and Egypt

500 C.E Chinese use the first antibiotic: Moldy soybean

curds for treating boils.

100 C.E First insecticide was

used, the powdered
chrysanthemums
(China)

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1600 C.E- 1590- Zacharias Janssen invents the microscope.
1700 1663 – Cell was discovered by Robert Hooke.
1675- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek first observations
of protons and bacteria.

1700 1786 Edward Jenner invents the small smallpox

C.E-1800 C.E vaccine. He inoculates a child with a vial vaccine to
protect him from small pox
In 1980, the World Health Organization declared
smallpox to be eradicated.

1800 1830- Proteins are discovered

C.E-1850 C.E 1833- First enzyme was discovered and isolated
1838-1839 Matthias Schleiden and Theodor
Schwann propose all living things are made up of
cells
1850 1859- Charles Darwin writes
C.E.-1900 C.E “Origin of Species”
1861 Louis Pasteur proposes
the “Germ
Theory of
Disease”
1865-Gregor Mendel studies
principles of genetics
1900
C.E-1950 C.E

1911- Thomas Hunt Morgan studying fruit flies

discovered chromosomes that carry genes.
1915- Production of baker’s yeast- Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
1919- The word “biotechnology” is used in print for
the first time
1928- Alexander Fleming
discovered the antibiotic
penicillin by chance when he

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 realizes that penicillium molds kills bacteria.
1944- DNA was proven to carry genetic
information by Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and
McCarty as the hereditary material.
1950 1953- James Watson and Francis
C.E.-1970 C.E Crick describe DNA as a double helix.
They shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in medicine or
Physiology with Maurice Wilkins

1958- DNA is
made in a
test tube for
the first time.
Sicle cell disease is
shown to occur due to a
change in anoe amino acid.
1966- The genetic code for DNA is cracked,
demonstrating that a sequence of three nucleotide
bases ( a codon) determines each 20 amino acids.

1969- An enzyme is synthesized in vitro for the

first time
1970 1973- Staley Cohen, Henry Boyer
C.E-1980 C.E develop ways to cut and splice
genetic materia or DNA, opening
the way for gene cloning.
Recombinant DNA Restriction
enzymes
was discovered. Restriction
enzymes cut DNA
1977- Genetic engineering is done for the first
time, when the first expression of a human gene in
bacteria occurs.
1980 C.E 1981- The first transgenic animals are produced
1990 C.E by transferring genes from other animals to mice.
The first patent for a genetically modified
organism is granted for
bacteria that can break down
crude oil

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 1982- Human insulin gene inserted into bacterial
plasmid. Diabetes was treated with genetically
engineered insulin instead of pig insulin. First
genetically modified vaccine- Hepatitis The first
biotech drug approved by the FDA

1983- The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

technique, which makes unlimited copies of genes
fragmnets, is conceived. Karry Mullins. Who was
born in Lenoir, NC. Later would win 1993 Nobel
Prize in Chemsitry for the discovery.
1986- First anti-cancer drug is produced through
biotech: interferon
1990 C.E 1990- Human Genome Project funded by
-2000 C.E. Congress.
1990- Golden Rice, which was developed in the
hopes of combatting
that problem by a
team of European
scientists in the late
'90s, was genetically
modified to provide
an essential nutrient
that white rice lacks:
beta-carotene, which is converted into vitamin A in
the body.
The project sets out to map the genes in human
chromosomes and other species.
1994-“ Flavr Savr” tomato
approved by the FDA . The
tomato was genetically
engineered to resist rotting.
1996- Sequencing of the baker’s yeast genome is
completed
1996- Dolly the sheep
was cloned by Ian
Wilmut and Keith
Campbell (Scotland)
from adult sheep cells.

1996- Several
genetically modified or
biotech crops are
introduced into the
market- herbicide tolerant
soybean, corn, rapeseed
and cotton and insect protected Bt
corn and cotton

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 1998- Human embryonic stem cell lines are
established. They offer hope to many because they
may be able to to replace diseased ar dysfunctional
cells.
2000 C.E- 2002-Draft version of the complete map of the
PRESENT human genome is published
2003- The SARS (severe
acure respiratory syndrome)
virus is sequenced three
weeks after its discovery.
SARS, which began in
China, spread quickly-
and spreads fear
throughout the Far
Esat and the world. The
last reported cases
occurred 2004 and
resulted from laboratory-acquired infections.
2003- A far more precise version of the human
genome – one that is 99.999% accurate is
piblished
2004- The first cloned
pet- a kitten is
delivered to its owner.
She is called CopyCat
or Cc for short
2004- Avastin, a
recombinant monoclonal antibody, is the first
targeted biological therapy of its kind to receive
FDA approval
2006- Avaccine against the huma papilloma virus
causes cancer of the cervix receives FDA approval.
2007- Scientists
discover how to
use human skin
cells to create
embronic stem
cells.
2008- Japanese
scientists create
the first DNA molecule made
almost entirely artificial parts.
This advances the field of gene theraphy and
brings scientists one step closer to creating an
artificial organism.
2009- U.S. Congress frees up federal funding for
broader embryonic stem cell research.
Canadian -owned Medicago produces the first
plant-based influenza vaccine, in tobacco leaves.

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Medicago has built a manufacturing facility in
Durham, N.C., to scale up production.
2010- Researchers at the J. Craig Venter Institute
create the first synthetic cell.
2011- A trachea derived from stem cells is
transplanted into a human recipient.
Advances in 3D printing technology lead to “skin
printing”
European scientists begin clinical trials for an anti
HIV biotech medicine produced using genetically
modified tobacco. This increases the potential for
cost-effective HIV/AIDS theraply in the dveloping
world.
2012- The FDA issues draft guidelines for
biosimilar drugs (follow-on-biologics) as a growing
percentage of biopharmaceuticals reach the end of
patent protection.
Novartis, which has manufacturing facility in Holly
Springs, N.C receives FDA approval for Flucelvax,
the first cell- culture vaccine in the U.S.
2013- The U.S Supreme Court rules that naturally
Occuring genes cannot be patented.

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 What’s More

Activity 3. MATCH MAKER

Directions: Match the biotechnology timeline in Column A with the events or
breakthroughs in Colum B.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
______1. 1786 A. The SARS (severe acure
______2. 1973 respiratory syndrome) virus is
______3. 1982 sequenced three weeks after its
______4. 1994 discovery.
______5. 1996 B. Diabetes was treated with
______6. 2003 genetically engineered insulin
______7. 2004 instead of pig insulin.
______8. 2007 C. Edward Jenner invents the
______9. 2008 small smallpox vaccine, where
______10. 2012 he inoculates a child with a
vial vaccine to protect him from
smallpox.
D. Avastin, a recombinant
monoclonal antibody, is the
first targeted biological therapy
of its kind to receive FDA
approval
E. Dolly the sheep was cloned by
Ian Wilmut (Scotland) from
adult sheep cells.
F. Recombinant DNA Restriction
enzymes
was discovered.
G. The tomato “ Flavr Savr” was
genetically engineered to resist
rotting and approved by the
FDA.
H. Scientists discover how to use
human skin cells to create
embronic stem cells.
I. Novartis, receives FDA
approval for Flucelvax, the first
cell- culture vaccine in the U.S.
J. Japanese scientists create the
first DNA molecule made
almost entirely artificial parts.
K. A trachea derived from stem
cells is transplanted into a
human recipient.

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 What I Have Learned
1. Who are the early biotechnologists?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. Give the contribution of the following scientist in the field of
biotechnology:
a. Robert Hooke
b. Antione van Leeuwenhoek
c. Theodore Schwann and Matthias Schleiden
d. Louise Pasteur
e. James Watson and Francis Crick
f. Alexander Fleming
g. Thomas Hunt Morgan
3. Give two significant contributions in the field of biotechnology in the early
21st Century
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do
Directions: In a 1 whole bond paper, encode your reaction in the
situation below .
We are facing a current situation which have change our world today,
which is the COVID-19 pandemic. Where is the Philippine biotechnology now
in looking for the vaccine? You may surf or find an article in the net to back
up your answer.

Assessment
I.MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

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1. Who among the scientists concluded in 1861 that all fermentations
are the results of microbial activity?
A. Charles Darwin C. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
B. Gregor Mendel D. Louis Pasteur
2. When did biotechnologists publish the human genome project?
A. 2000 B. 2003 C. 2006 D. 2008
3. Which are the oldest microbes that have been exploited by humans
for their benefit in the ancient times?
A. Bacteria C. Protozoa
B. Molds D. Yeast
4. Louis Pasteur is a French microbiologist, renowned for discoveries of
different principles. Which of the following are his innovations?
I. Incubation III. Pasteurization
II. Microbial fermentation IV. Vaccination
A. I only C. I, II and III
B. I and II D. II, III and I
5. When they talk about cloning on the news, they are usually talking
about reproductive cloning- making a baby animal that is the twin of
an existing animal. Who are the scientists who cloned the first animal
Dolly?
A. Ian Wilmut and James Watson
B. Keith Campbell and Ian Wilmut
C. James Watson and Francis Crick
D. Keith Campbell and Gregor Mendel
6. Which molecule from humans is inserted into bacteria to cause them
to produce insulin?
A. DNA C. Lipids
B. Carbohydrates D. Proteins
7. What are restriction enzymes?
A. Enzymes that turn off genes.
B. Enzymes that change genes.
C. Enzymes that restrict the use of genes.
D. Enzymes that cut DNA and specific sequences.
8. Which describes a way a scientist use biotechnology in the field of
agriculture?
A. Bacteria are created to clean up soil.
B. DNA evidence is used to convict criminals.
C. Vaccines are developed to help us live longer.
D. Fruits and vegetables are altered to be more nutritious
9. What was the key to the emergence of the biotechnology industry in
the 1900’s?
A. Discovery of cells
B. Genetic engineering
C. Crop and animal breeding
D. A new recombinant DNA technique
10.Who discovered the DNA molecular structure?
A. Louis Pasteur C. Linus Puling

24
 B. George Washington Carver D. James Watson and Francis Crick

Additional Activities

Do research on the internet, enumerate 5 Filipino and Foreign

Scientist who contributed to the field of biotechnology. Identify and describe
their contribution

Answer Key
Activity I- Search and Find: The following terms will be found
BIOLOGY CROP INSECT SCIENTIST TRAIT
BIOTECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENT MICROSCOPE SOIL WATER
CORN FOOD POTATO SOYBEAN WHEAT
COTTON GENE RICE TECHNOLOGY DAIRY
Activity 2 Let us Decode
BIOTECHNOLOGY CAN HELP US GROW MORE FOOD, PROTECT
THE ENVIRONMENT, GROW MORE NUTRITIOUS FOOD
Activity 3. MATCH MAKER WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
1. C 6. An ANSWER VARIES
2. F 7. D
3. B 8. H
4. G 9. J
5. E 10. I
ASSESSMENT
1.D 3. D 5. A 7. D 9. D
2. B 4. C 6. A 8. D 10. D

References
Johnson, L. M. (2011). Biotechnology With Students Activities. New York,
United States: Amsco School Publications.

25
 Unit1 Biotechnology Timeline
Https://Www.Slideshare.Net/Melodiekernahan/Unit1-Biotechnology-Timeline December 12,
2014
Https://Www.Google.Com/Search?Q=Closer+Look+At+Biotechnology

Lesson
Biotechnology: Filipino and
3 Foreign Biotechnologists
There are several events that led to the birth of biotechnology. Behind these
events there are scientists or entrepreneurs. For every major discovery, an
additional procedure is developed which could further help study living
organisms in order to elucidate more of their structures and functions.
What’s In
ACTIVITY 1. WORD SCRAMBLE
Directions: Unscramble each word related to biotechnology and write it on
the blank provided opposite the word.

1. GOONELCHIYOTB
2. ESZENMY
3. BT ORNC
4. ROEIICUEYCLDONXB CADI
5. UINILNS
6. DLYOL TEH EPSHE
7. GLNINOC
8. REFTIEMTNNOA
9. VESNCICA
10.SYETA

26
 What’s New

What is It

Biotechnology is not new. It has been used for thousands of years for food
and production and improvement of health. The birth of modern biotechnology is
widely considered to have been ushered in by the landmark-discovery and
application of recombinant DNA technology by Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer,
co founders of pioneering biotech firm, Genentech to produce the first human
protein manufactured in a bacteria:somatostatin. A human growth
hormone-releasing inhibiting factor. This part of the module, lesson 3 presents a
summary of the people behind the Science leading to the modern Revolution of
biotechnology.
SUMMARY OF THE SCIENCE PIONEERS AND LEADING EVENTS IN
BIOTECHNOLOGY
FOREIGN SCIENTISTS
YEAR INDIVIDUAL/SCIENTIST IMAGE
The Early Pioneers leading to the Discovery of DNA
1797 Edward Jenner
-Used microorganisms to protect people
from disease

1859 Charles Darwin

-Hypothesized that animal and plant
populations adapt over time to best fit the
environment

27
1864 Louis Pasteur
- Provided the existence of
microorganisms

1865 Gregor Mendel

- Investigated how traits are passed
from generation and called them
factors

1869 Johann Meischer

- Isolated DNA from nuclei of white
blood cells

1893 Koch and Pasteur

- Patented the fermentation process

1902 Thomas H. Morgan

- Proved that genes are carried on
chromosomes

1910 Walter Sutton

- Coined the term “gene”; proposed
that chromoosmes carry genes
(factors) that Mendel said could be
passed from generation to
generation.

28
1940.,1943 Oswald Avery
- Isolated pure DNA
Oswald Avery, Colin Macleod and Maclyn
McCurly
- Used bacteria to show that DNA
carries the cell’s genetic
information
1941 George Beadle and Edward Tatum
- Proposed the one , one enzyme
hypothesis

1943-1953 Linus Pauling

- Described sickle cell anemia
calling it a molecular disease

1945 Max Delbruck

- Organized a course to study a type
of bacterial virus consisting of a
protein-coat containing DNA

1950 Erwin Chargaff

- Determined that there is always a
ratio of 1:1 adenine to thymine in
DNA of many different organisms

1952 Alfred Hershey and Margaret Chase

- Used radioactive labelling to
determine that it is the DNA , not
protein which carries instructions
in assembling new phages

1953 James Watson and Francis Crick

- Determined the double helix
structure of DNA

29
1957 Frederick Sanger
- Sequenced insulin (protein) from
pork
- Bovine insulin

1958 Arthur Kornberg

- Discovered DNA polymerase

1966 Marshall Nirenberg and Severo Ochoa

- Determined that a sequence of
three nucleotide bases determine
each of 20 amino acids

1972 Paul Berg, Stanley Cohen and Herbert

Boyer
- Developed ways to cut and splice
DNA by introducing recombinant
DNA techniques
- Cut sections of viral DNA and
bacterial DNA with the same
restriction enzyme and spliced
viral DNA to bacterial DNA
1973 Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer
- Produced the first recombinant
DNA organism; beginning of
genetic engineering considered to
be the birth of modern
biotechnology
1975 George Kohler and Cesar Milstein
- Showed that fusing cells can
generate monoclonal antibodies

1977- PRESENT- The Dawn of Biotechnology

30
1977 Gilbert and Maxam of Harvard University
- Devised a method for sequencing
DNA using chemicals rather than
enzymes
1977-1978 Genentech, Inc.
-Reported the production of the first
human protein manufactured in bacteria ,
somatostatin, a human growth hormone-
releasing inhibitory factor. For the first
time, a synthetic, recombinant gene was
used to clone a protein. Many consider
this to be the advent of the Age of
Biotechnology
- Applied genetic engineering techniques
top roduce human insulin in E.coli.
- The first biotech company in the
NY stock exchange.
- Co -founders: Herbert Boyer and
Robert Swanson
1978 - Stanford University performed the
first successful transplantation of
mammalian gene
1979 John Baxter
- Reported cloning the gene for
human growth hormone- into a
bacterium.

1980 - The U.S Supreme Court ruled in

that genetically altered life forms
can be patended.
- A Supreme Court decision in 1980
allowed the Exxon oil company to
patent an oil-eating
microorganisms. This ruling
opened enormous possibilities for
commercially exploiting genetic
engineering.
1981 - Chinese scientists became the first
to clone a fish
** A golden carp
- Scientists at Ohio University
produced the first transgenic
animals by transferring genes
from other animals into mice

31
1982 Elli Lilly and Company
- Produced the first genetically
engineered product, human
insulin by using E.coli bacteria is
approved for use by diabetics.
1984 Kary Mullis
- Developed polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) to mass- produce
specific DNA fragments

1985 -Genetic fingerprinting enter the court

room
- Cal Bio cloned the gene that encodes
human lung surfactant protein, a major
step forward reducing a premature birth
complication.
- Cetus Corporation developed the Gene
Map
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
technology
- Genetically engineered plant
resistant to insects, viruses and
bacteria were field tested for the
first time.
1986 - First release into the environment
of a genetically engineered plant (
a tobacco)
1986 - Orthoclone OKI3 (Muromonab-
CD3) approved for reversal of
acute kidney transplant rejection
- Scientists and technicians at
Caltech and Applied Biosystems,
Inc. invented the automated DNA
fluorescence sequencer
- The FDA granted a license for the
first recombinant vaccine(for
hepatitis) to Chiron Corp.
1988 First living mammal was patented
1990 -Pfizer Inc., introduced Chymax chymosin
and enzyme used in cheese making- first
product or recombinant DNA technology
in the U.S food supply
1993 - U.S. Food and drug
Administration (FDA) approves
Monstanto Co.’s version of
rBGH/rBST (Bovine

32
 somatotrophin) to increase milk
production
1994 -Calgene, Inc. markets the FLAVRSAVR
tomato- first genetically engineered whole
food in the U.S. food supply.
1995 -Three human biopharmaceutical
products receive approval for AIDS and
cancer
1996 -Commercial production of biotechnology
crops begin
1997 Birth of Dolly the sheep, announced as
the first successful mammal cloned from
an adult cell.
2000 Cooton, soybeans sugar beet as well as
insect or virus- resistant corn, cotton,
papaya, potato, squash approved in the
US
2001 “Golden rice,” which may help prevent
millions of cases of blindness and death
caused by Vitamin A and iron deficiencies,
undergoes continued testing.

FILIPINO SCIENTISTS
Ramon C. Barba ● Developed of mango flower
induction technology.
● Rapid propagation of tissue
culture of sugar cane, rattan
and banana
● Developed seedless Kalamansi
or lime.
Emerita V. De ● Spearheaded the University of
Guzman Philippines Los Banos team
which made a breakthrough
in research on propagation of
mutant coconut, locally
known as "Makapuno"
● Also did tissue culture
techniques for rapid
propagation of abaca and
banana

33
Pedro B. Escuro ● Gained international
recognition for developing the
drawf, high yeilding C4 rice
varieties for commercial
production. which are now
being grown in Burma,
Thailand and the African
countries

Eduardo A. ● Known as the "father of

Quisumbing Philippine Orchidology"
● Also did remarkable
researches on Philippine
bananas, pepper and some
medicinal plants

Benito S. Vergara ● He contributed significantly

on rice research, particularly
on studies on deep-water rice,
flood-tolerant rice, and
cold-resistant rice varieties,
which are valuable to
increased rice production.
● A recognized authority in rice
science, he authored the
widely published book "A
Farmer's Primer on Growing
Rice", which has 35 translated
editions, published in 30
languages of Asia, Africa, and
Latin America and editions in
20 other languages in
progress.
William G. Padolina ● Multi-awarded in the field of
Science and Technology as a
teacher and administrator.
● Recognized for his leadership,
promotion and excellent
pioneering research in
biotechnology and chemistry
of natural products.

34
Dioscoro Umali ● He is known for breeding
improved varieties of food
grains, legumes, fruits, and
ornamental plants.
● He was an active advocate
rain fed and upland
agriculture, social forestry,
environmental conservation,
and rural poverty alleviation
programs.
Evelyn Mae T. ● She has performed research
Mendoza in plant biochemistry,
particularly in the makapuno
phenotype of coconut and the
nutritional worth of certain
legumes indigenous to the
Philippines, cassava, and
sweet potatoes. She also
studied the resistance of
certain plants to pests or
disease.
Baldomero Olveria, ● He conducted research in the
Jr fields of molecular biology and
biochemistry and he has
isolated key DNA enzymes.
His discovery of Conus
peptides may lead to drugs for
pain and nervous system
disorders.
Asuncion ● She is a researcher into the
Raymundo chemistry of natural products.
She applied biotechnology and
microbial genetics to
agriculture of the Philippines.

35
 What’s More

What I Have Learned

4. Who are the early biotechnologists?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
5. Give the contribution of the following scientist in the field of
biotechnology:
h. Robert Hooke
i. Antione van Leeuwenhoek
j. Theodore Schwann and Matthias Schleiden
k. Louise Pasteur
l. James Watson and Francis Crick
m. Alexander Fleming
n. Thomas Hunt Morgan
6. Give two significant contributions in the field of biotechnology in the early
21st Century
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Assessment
I.MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

36
 Additional Activities

Answer Key

References
Johnson, L. M. (2011). Biotechnology With Students Activities. New York,
United States: Amsco School Publications.
Unit1 Biotechnology Timeline
Https://Www.Slideshare.Net/Melodiekernahan/Unit1-Biotechnology-Timeline December 12,
2014
Https://Www.Google.Com/Search?Q=Closer+Look+At+Biotechnology

37
2