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Biotechnology
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Introduction to Biotechnology
Biotechnology – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 1: Introduction to Biotechnology
First Edition, 2020

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Biotechnology
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Introduction to Biotechnology
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Biotechnology – Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Introduction to Biotechnology!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Biotechnology – Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Introduction to Biotechnology!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written to help you understand Biotechnology as

one of the advance subjects in science, the difference between traditional and modern
biotechnology and its importance to our daily life.

It is hoped that this module will challenge and help you to develop a scientific
attitude and also stimulate your interest in things that could help and change our
way of living.

At the end of the module, you are expected to:

1. define Biotechnology;
2. trace the history of the development of biotechnology;
3. understand the importance of Biotechnology in human life; and
4. differentiate Traditional Biotechnology from Modern Biotechnology.

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 What I Know

The following are jumbled letters with hidden words. Arrange the letters to form a
word that has something to do with biotechnology. Use an answer sheet to write your
answer.

1. I N W E = W_______________________
2. L T U A K Y = Y_______________________
3. M C I I H K = K_______________________
4. A D N _ T S I G E T N = D_______________________
5. R M N A I N F E E T T O = F_______________________
6. E H E S C E = C_______________________
7. N I N L C G O = C_______________________
8. I N V A E C C S = V_______________________
9. E E G N _ T E A Y H R P = G_______________________
10. R N G N S S T A S E E I = T_______________________
11. O N E X S T R N A N A L P A T T O I N = X_______________________
12. L A K R _ E E Y K R = K_______________________
13. U I O S L _ R E S U T A P = L_______________________
14. I N O T A Z I R E U T P A S = P_______________________
15. I T O C B N E L O H G O Y = B_______________________

How do you do?

Were you able to arrange each of the item?

Great! Let’s move on.

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 Lesson
Introduction to
1 Biotechnology

In the previous module, various biological techniques and procedures that are
being performed in the laboratory were introduced to you. Let us see if you can still
recall some of them.

What’s In

Multiple Choices: In an answer sheet, write the Capital letter of the correct answer.

1. What biological technique was involved when genetically identical copies of

living organisms are produced?
A. Twinning C. Cloning
B. Reproducing D. Mating

2. Ink can be separated by a method of -----------------------------------------

A. Electrophoresis C. DNA Sequencing
B. Chromatography D. Solubility

3. In Chromatography, what color is a result of combination of different

pigments?
A. Red C. Blue
B. Black D. Green

4. Which of the following biological techniques involve the technology that is used
in determining the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and
thymine?
A. Cloning C. Electrophoresis
B. Aseptic Technique D. DNA Sequencing

5. Which of the biological techniques can be used to compare the DNA of two or
more plants?
A. Cloning C. Chromatography
B. Staining D. Electrophoresis

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 6. Which chemical is used to cut DNA into fragments for gel electrophoresis
procedure?
A. Enzyme C. Molecular bases
B. Hormones D. ATP molecules

7. What is the goal of aseptic technique?

A. To increase contamination C. To allow contamination
B. To prevent contamination D. all of the above

8. What is the name of a machine that spins in order to separate out components
making up a mixture?
A. Centrifugation tube C. Blood plasma
B. Centrifugation D. Centrifuge

9. How does centrifugation work?

A. Through dripping particles
B. Through spinning
C. Keeping large particle in center and smaller on the outside
D. By separating particles into different tubes

10. A ______________ is a special instrument that measures how much light a

substance absorbs.
A. Speedometer C. Galvanometer
B. Spectrophotometer D. Thermometer

Were you able to answer all of the items?

It seems like you still remember your past lesson from your previous module.

Are you now ready for the new one?

Okay, let us continue. I hope you will enjoy this module while learning!

Notes to the Teacher

This module will help the learner to understand the history
biotechnology and its importance in human life.

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 What’s New

The word ‘biotechnology’ was derived from two simple terms of science,
‘Biology’ and ‘Technology’. If we try to interpret these two words, it simply suggests
that it is the technology which makes our life convenient and comfortable with the
employment of biological resources. And one of the conveniences that we get from
Biotechnology are the different products that we are enjoying right now. Can you
identify some of these products of biotechnology? Write your answer in a sheet of
paper, answers should be in English words only.

1. ____________________ 2. ______________________ 3. _______________________

4. _____________________ 5. _____________________ 6. ______________________

7. ______________________ 8. _____________________ 9. ______________________

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10. _____________________ 11. _____________________ 12. ____________________

13. ____________________ 14. _____________________ 15. ____________________

How do you do? Were you able to name all of them?

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 What is It

The yogurt, cheese, wine, antibiotics and even the antiviral injections are all
products of Biotechnology! When scientists studied living organisms, they discovered
that these organisms can be used to help humans to improve their products and
develop new ones. Do you see yourself making one of these products in the near
future? Then, you must study biotechnology to be able to do so!

Now, let me help you understand what is biotechnology and how it started.

The term “Biotechnology” was first used in 1919 by a Hungarian agricultural

engineer named Karl Ereky, in a book called "Biotechnology of Meat, Fat and Milk
Production in an Agricultural Large-Scale Farm”. The term biotechnology originally
referred to “all the kinds of work by which products are produced from raw materials
with the aid of living organisms”.

And for Ekery, the term “Biotechnology" indicated the process by which raw
materials could be biologically upgraded into socially useful product.

Karl Ereky
Source : ROBERT BUD, History of 'biotechnology' Nature 337, 10 (05 January 1989)

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has their own understanding and
definition of biotechnology and it is “the application of biological systems and
organisms to technical and industrial processes”. This definition takes both the old
and new science or the combination of age-old techniques and most advanced uses
of recombinant DNA technology.

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 Nowadays, when we say biotechnology, it is usually defined in a context of
exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, especially the
genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones,
and a lot more. It deals with the use of the genes of organisms, working with it to
alter their behavior, characteristics or value. Biotechnology is also known as cell and
gene technology. It is used to produced new characteristics in plants and animals.
In a narrower sense, it is a technology that manipulates nature for the benefit of
mankind.

To know more about Biotechnology, you may click the link in your laptop or
cellphone. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnkHmwTKksQ

What’s More

Based from what you have read, answer the following questions:

1. Who coined the term “biotechnology”?

2. What is biotechnology according to Karl Ereky?

3. What is biotechnology in the perspective of the Food and Drug Administration?

4. How is biotechnology defined nowadays?

5. In your own understanding, what is biotechnology?

Is biotechnology a new branch of science? The answer is no! The fact is that
Biotechnology has been in practice even much before the term ‘Biotechnology’ was
coined, itself. That’s why it is interesting to learn and understand how and when
biotechnology really evolved.

Hence, let me take you back in time so that you will learn how biotechnology
progressed from the ancient up to the modern times…

Ancient Biotechnology (prior to 1750)

8000-4000 B.C.E. (Before the Common Era) This stage is the history of
domestication and agriculture. Most plants are used for food while some are
domesticated and selectively bred for desired characteristics. Some animals are also
used for food and to do work.

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Here are some of the crops and animals that were domesticated and bred during this
time.

Plants/crops Animals
Barley Rice Sugar cane Pig Chicken Sheep
Wheat Taro Onion Dog Turkey Cattle
Rye Grapes Hemp Goat Camel Duck
Banana Celery Garlic Goose Guinea pig Alpaca
Lettuce Tobacco Beans Llama
Cotton Maize Pepper
Dates Lentils Cacao
Peanuts Pineapple Arrowroot

2000 B.C.E., fermented food and beverages were discovered accidentally. Chinese
people were the first one to discover fermentation through beer making while
Egyptians baked leavened bread using yeast. From then on, deliberate contamination
using microorganisms like bacteria and fungi (molds) are used to make cheese,
yogurt, beer, wine, and bread. This process or technique improves the texture and
taste of the food.

Classical Biotechnology (1750 to the middle of 20th century)

The new stage of biotechnology arose when industrial exploitation of

fermentation process for production of huge numbers of products began.

Here are some notable persons and their works or discoveries during classical
biotechnology time.

1663 – Robert Hooke recorded first description of living cells.

1677 – Antoine van Leeuwenhoek discovers and describes bacteria and protozoa.

1862 – The bacterial origin of fermentation was discovered by Louis Pasteur.

1863 – Gregor Mendel discovers the laws of inheritance.

1866 – Louis Pasteur published his findings on the direct link between yeast and
sugars in fermentation

1869 – Friedrich Miescher identifies DNA in the sperm of a fresh water fish of the
salmon family.

1877 – Robert Koch develops a technique of identifying a bacteria through staining.

1878 – Discovery of chromatin leading to the discovery of chromosomes was made

by Walther Fleming

1881 – Louis Pasteur develops vaccines against bacteria that

cause cholera and anthrax in chickens.

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1915 – Production of baker’s yeast – Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1919 – Biotechnology as a word was first used by Karl Ereky, a Hungarian

agricultural engineer.

1928 – Alexander Fleming notices that a certain mold could stop the duplication of
bacteria, leading to the first antibiotic: penicillin.

1933 – Hybrid corn is commercialized.

1942 – Penicillin is mass-produced in microbes for the first time.

1950 – The first synthetic antibiotic is created.

Different types of products starting from beverages like beer, wine, cider came
out. Other products like vinegar, glycerol, acetone, butanol, lactic acid, citric acid,
vitamins and some type of antibiotics were discovered and produced. It was also
during this time when amino acids were used to improve the taste and quality of
preserved food.

Modern Biotechnology (1950’s to present)

1951 – Using a frozen semen, an artificial insemination of livestock was

accomplished.

1953 – DNA structure was described by James D. Watson and Francis Crick.

1972 – The chimpanzees and gorillas’ DNA composition was discovered to be 99%
similar to that of humans.

1974 – Scientist invent the first bio-cement for industrial applications.

1975 – Method for producing monoclonal antibodies developed by Kohler and César
Milstein.

1982 – The first biotech drug to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration
is “Humulin”, a human insulin drug produced genetically for the treatment
of diabetes.

1990 – The first approved gene therapy treatment is performed successfully on a

young girl with an immune disorder.

1997 –Dolly the sheep was cloned using DNA from two adult sheep cells by British
scientists led by Ian Wilmut of Roslin Institute.

2002 – The year when “rice” becomes the first crop to have its genome decoded.

2003 –The locations and sequence of human genes on all 46 chromosomes was
provided in the completion of the Human Genome Project.

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2009 – The first viral pacemaker in guinea pigs was created using a modified SAN
heart gene by Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute.

2012 – A 31 y/o man with a nervous system-controlled bionic leg named Zac
Vawter successfully climb the Chicago Willis Tower.

So, that is Biotechnology History and Timeline! It showed that biotechnology

encompasses a wide range of procedures from the earliest domestication of plants or
crops & animals to modern methods in the 21st Century. It also showed that the
complexity of biotechnology is improved due to the discoveries and development of
new technologies with time.

Such as with the discovery of DNA in 1953 by James D. Watson and Francis Crick,
it paved the way to the two classification of biotechnology.

• CLASSIFICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Traditional biotechnology refers to the old ways of using living organisms to

make new products or modify existing ones. This includes all the processes and
practices of our ancestors from the 8000 B.C.E. up to the middle of the 20th century.

Modern biotechnology on the other hand refers to a number of techniques

that involve the deliberate manipulation of genes, cells, and living tissues in a
predictable and controlled manner to generate variations in the genetic make-up of
an organism or produce new tissue. This includes all the processes and techniques
from the 1950’s up to the present.

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 In this modern time, there are a lot of new things that some of us, if not most
of us are using and enjoying. People with disease like cancer are taking medications
and chemotherapy to help them alleviate the pain and prolong their lives. Couples
who have problem in having a child are now embracing the technology of artificial
insemination and in vitro or test tube baby. And some people with disability like
amputated arm or leg do use robotic prosthesis to aid them in their daily life.

New developments in biotechnology include genetically modified plants and

animals, cell therapies and nanotechnology. People may not use these products
everyday but may be of benefit to us in the future. Biotechnologies have an important
role in meeting our needs and demands in health/medicine, agriculture, industry,
environment, forensics, bioremediation, biocontrol and biosecurity.

To know more about the difference between Traditional Biotechnology and Modern
Biotechnology, just type the link below using your laptop or cellphone.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7RpYDL5bpNs

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 What’s More

Now we are done. You already have an idea what traditional and modern
biotechnology are all about. It will now be easy for you to do the next activity.

Activity:

Make a concept map showing the classification of biotechnology, its stages and
examples of products for each

Can be classified into

Has two stages, namely: Some discoveries are:

Some discoveries are:

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 What I Have Learned

After reading the lesson about the introduction to biotechnology, in your own words,
you have learned that:

Biotechnology is__________________________________________________________________

Importance of biotechnology to the following:

A. Health - _________________________________________________

B. Agriculture - _________________________________________________

C. Industry - _________________________________________________

D. Environment - _________________________________________________

Traditional Biotechnology is ______________________________________________________

while Modern Biotechnology is ____________________________________________________

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 What I Can Do

Differentiate Traditional Biotechnology from Modern Biotechnology in terms of the

following:

Basis of Comparison Traditional Modern Biotechnology

Biotechnology
Definition

Timescale (duration or
span of time)

Processes/Methods
involved (cite at least 3)

Applications

Examples of product
(Note: Please give 5
locally made products as
your example in
traditional biotechnology)

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 Assessment

Test I. True or False. Write the word True or False depending on the statement.
__________1. Biotechnology is a branch of science that deals with the use of any

form of living organisms to make useful products.

__________2. Modern biotechnology refers to techniques that involves the

manipulation of genetic material or as genetic engineering and cell

fusion.

__________3. Plants and animals improved by selectively breeding for particular

traits or by genetic modification is an example of bioremediation.

__________4. Biotechnology if great help to forensic experts in solving some crimes

through DNA profiling.

__________5. Ancient biotechnology deals with the manipulation of the genes of

organisms to alter their behavior, characteristics or value.

Test II. Multiple Choices. Write the capital letter of the correct answer.

__________1. It is one of the works of James D. Watson and Francis Crick that gives

breakthrough in the Human Genetics.

A. Description of living cell C. Describe DNA structure

B. Law of Inheritance D. Stem Cell Therapy

__________2. If you want to make vinegar, sugar or wine, what technology will
you use?
A. Pasteurization C. Xenotransplantation

B. Fermentation D. Transgenesis

__________3. Knowing the importance of biotechnology in our environment, an

application of using DNA technology to help environmental scientists

would be ___.
A. use PCR to analyze DNA at a crime scene
B. clone the gene for human growth hormone to treat pituitary

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 dwarfism
C. create a tobacco plant that glows in the dark
D. make transgenic bacteria that can be used to clean up oil spills
more quickly than do the natural bacteria.

__________4. Who among the scientists below identifies DNA in the sperm of a fresh

water fish of the salmon family?

A. Friedrich Miescher C. Alexander Fleming

B. Louis Pasteur D. Robert Koch

__________5. Based on the history of biotechnology, they were the first people who

discovered fermentation through beer making?

A. Egyptian C. American

B. Chinese D. Hungarian

__________6. Which of the following is correct about Modern Biotechnology?

A. An example of this is the first-generation biofuel produced by
fermenting plant-derived sugars to ethanol
B. Most plants are used for food while some are domesticated and
selectively bred for desired characteristics.

C. It involves making useful products from whole organisms or parts

of organisms, such as molecules, cells, tissues and organs.

D. Built on ancient biotechnology.

__________7. All of the following describes Traditional Biotechnology except:

A. It refers to ancient ways of using living organisms to make new

products or modify existing ones

B. Farmers collected plants from the wild, cultivated them and the
best strains were selected and planted again in the next season.

C. Food production that involves fermentation.

D. Technology involving in vitro fertilization leading to test tube baby.

___________8. It is described as the exploitation of biological processes for industrial

and other purposes.

A. Biotechnology C. Medical Biotechnology

B. Gene Therapy D. Agricultural Biotechnology

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___________9. Which is not a product of traditional biotechnology?
A. Pandesal C. Tuba
B. Cloning D. Bagoong na isda

___________10. Which of the following statements differentiate traditional from

modern biotechnology?
A. Traditional Biotechnology manipulates genetic information in
organism while modern biotechnology is purely genetic
engineering.

B. Traditional biotechnology refers to selectively breeding of plants

and animals for particular traits or by genetic modification while
modern biotechnology refers to a method where one
microorganism is used to control the number of invasive species of
plants and insects.

C. Traditional biotechnology refers to ancient ways of using living

organisms to make new products or modify existing ones while
modern biotechnology making useful products from whole
organisms or parts of organisms, such as molecules, cells, tissues
and organs.
D. Traditional biotechnology is built on ancient biotechnology while
modern biotechnology focuses on fermentation promoted food
production & modern medicine.

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 Additional Activities

Are we doing great? Let’s do more activity.

Well, to know if you can identify if one thing is a product of traditional or modern
biotechnology, try to classify the following. In your answer sheet, write whether it is
under Traditional Biotechnology or Modern Biotechnology.

1. Genetic Engineering - ________________________

2. Cheese - ________________________

3. DNA profiling - ________________________

4. Penicillin - ________________________

5. Stem cell Therapy - ________________________

6. Bignay Wine - ________________________

7. Genome Analysis - ________________________

8. Abaka - ________________________

9. Detergents - ________________________

10. Bioremediation - ________________________

11. Dengvaxia - ________________________

12. Sugar - ________________________

13. Bionic leg - ________________________

14. Cloning - ________________________

15. Dried Mangoes - ________________________

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 20
Additional Activities: Assessment:
1. MB 1. False
2. TB 2. True
3. MB 3. False
4. TB What I Can Do:
4. True
5. MB 5. False A. -answers may
6. TB 1. C
7. MB
2. B vary
8. TB
Double, No bullets or numbering
3. D
Formatted: Normal, Space After: 0 pt, Line spacing: 9. TB
10. MB 4. A
11. MB 5. B
12. TB 6. C
13. MB 7. D
14. MB 8. A
15. TB 9. B
10. C
What is New:
What I Know:
1. Vaccine/Injection What’s In: 1. Wine
2. Medicine/drugs
2. Yakult
3. Cheese 1. C
What’s More: 3. Kimchi
4. Wine 2. A 4. DNA Testing
5. Yogurt 3. D
- Answers may 5. Fermentation
6. Vinegar 4. B
vary 6. Cheese
7. Dried Fish 5. B 7. Cloning
8. Pickled 6. D 8. Vaccines
Veggie/Achara 7. A 9. Gene Therapy
9. Pasteurized Milk 8. C 10. Transgenesis
10. Fish Sauce 9. D 11. Xenotransplantation
11. Salted Egg 10. B 12. Karl Ekery
12. Oats
13. Louis Pasteur
13. Soy Sauce
14. Pasteurization
14. Sausage
15. Biotechnology
15. Fermented fish
Answer Key
References

Parungao, Marilen. Traditional versus Modern Biotechnology. October 02,2014

accessed July 01,2020 https://www.slideshare.net/lhenparungao/traditional-
versus-modern-biotechnology-exam-2-coverage

Biotechnology Timeline. Biotechnology Institute of Washington DC. Retrieved 27

December 2012 accessed July 06,2020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_biotechnology

Bud, Robert. History of 'biotechnology'. Nature 337, 10 (1989).

https://doi.org/10.1038/337010a0.
What is Biotechnology (biotech)? Definition from WhatIs.com. March 14,2019
accessed June 24,2020 https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/biotechnology
Whyte, Paul, James Gibbons, Mary Murphy, Emer O'Mahony, Pippa Haughton, Stephen
O'Brien, Séamus Fanning, Pathogens in Milk: Campylobacter spp., Reference Module in
Food Science, Elsevier, 2016, ISBN 9780081005965, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-
100596-5.00984-7.

What is Biotechnology? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnkHmwTKksQ

Modern Biotechnology: A Brief Overview – Canadian Food…August 19,2014

accessed June 25,2020 https://www.inspection.gc.ca/plant-varieties/plants-with-
novel-traits/general-public/overview/eng/1337827503752/1337827590597

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph