SECURITY

A QUARTERLY PUBLICATION BY

NOW
OCTOBER-NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2023

Fire Hazards Case Studies:

Lessons from The City of Lights
SURVEILLANCE | FIRE EXTINGUISHING | SAFETY & SECURITY | ADVENTURE & RECREATIONAL
 About KRATOS
KRATOS provides a dynamic and multi-faceted security and risk management service to all its
clients on both a local and international level. The organization is primarily operating with its
headquarters in Pakistan, however, holds a presence in the UAE and has affiliated partners across
the globe.

We do what we do by providing a comprehensive solution tailored to meet our customers’ needs

from managing high profile security operations, executive protection, risk advisory, assessments
and analysis to electronic surveillance and other related services. Our niche is that we are able to
mobilize, deploy, and manage tasks within short time-frames due to our vast and extensive
network in the industry. We remain a boutique firm providing our services to only those who
respect, understand, and comply with safety & security and international standards. We are
KRATOS, and we plan, prevent and protect at all costs.

Message From Managing Director

Greetings from KRATOS!

It’s a pleasure once again to share with you this quarter’s ‘Security Now’ magazine. As we
welcome the new year, it’s important to reflect on the previous year as well as strategically
review the incoming year. Challenges ranging from security, climate, economic and social have
engulfed the world in recent months and we all must remain vigilant and informed.

That said, this edition of our magazine is focused primarily on those that support our country’s
emergency response to various challenges. From Law Enforcement to Humanitarian workers, this
magazine sheds light on the key roles these institutions have in upholding safety as well as
ensuring that those in need of help receive it. The challenges we see with the conflict in Gaza is
merely a reminder on how important such organizations are in terms of their support to
humanity and beyond.

Aside from that, this magazine also intends to share an analysis on trends and data from
Pakistan and its current state of security. With elections looming around the corner and the
subsequent uptick of attacks we are seeing across the country, its important we all remain
aware, informed and ready to counter and prepare for the worst. At KRATOS, we believe in
running toward trouble while others run away from it and that’s how we add value not only to
our clients but also to society.

I hope you enjoy this edition, and we look forward to our next! Stay safe, happy and healthy this
year and may 2024 bring us all peace and stability.

Best wishes always,

Hasan Y. Rizvi
Managing Director
KRATOS – Security Consultants
Contents
Volume 02 | October - November - December

06
Lockdown Procedures:
Establishing Protocols for Securing
a Facility

10 Basics of Fire Suppression System

14 Pakistan Security Situation

Overview for 2023

17 Trending International News

19 Safeguarding Humanitarian
Operations

21 Cybersecurity and Emerging

Technologies in 21st Century
 In Conversation with City Traffic
Officer(SSP Islamabad Traffic Police)
24
Emergency Response
By Rescue 1122 KP
31
Understanding Active Shooters
33
35 36
Executive Protection Services
Fire Hazards Case Studies:

15
Lessons from The City of Lights

34
18

The Changing Face Of

The Security Industry

39
44
Security Risk Assessment
Peace is not the absence of
war, but the presence of
harmony.
 6
LOCKDOWN
PROCEDURES:
ESTABLISHING
PROTOCOLS FOR
SECURING A FACILITY
Introduction:
A lockdown is a set of security measures designed to protect individuals
from potential threats, including external dangers or internal
emergencies. These procedures play a crucial role in safeguarding lives
and assets, minimizing risks, and ensuring orderly responses in high-stress
situations. Proactive planning is the key to ensuring the safety and
security of individuals within a given environment, whether it's a school,
office, or any other place. By having lockdown procedures in place
before they are needed, organizations can minimize risks, respond
effectively in high-stress situations, and protect lives and assets.

Types of Lockdowns
Full Lockdown
A full lockdown represents the highest level of security measures,
encompassing the restriction of all movement and activities within a
facility. During a full lockdown, individuals are required to remain in
secure locations and refrain from unnecessary movement. These
comprehensive lockdowns are usually activated in response to urgent
and severe threats, including scenarios like active shooter incidents,
major security breaches, or the presence of a dangerous intruder on the
premises.

Partial Lockdown
A partial lockdown is a less strict security measure that restricts
movement within a facility but permits controlled access to certain
areas. It involves securing specific zones or limiting entry to particular
parts of a building while maintaining some movement in others. Partial
lockdowns are typically put in place when there's a potential threat or
danger in a specific area of a facility but not across the entire premises.
For instance, in the event of a chemical spill in one section of a building,
a partial lockdown may be activated to contain the affected area and
prevent the spread of hazardous materials.
 7
Shelter-in-Place Lockdown
Shelter-in-place lockdowns aim to ensure individuals' safety by having them remain inside a building
or structure. Rather than limiting movement within the facility, people are instructed to stay indoors,
secure doors and windows, and find refuge in designated safe areas. This type of lockdown is
frequently employed in response to environmental hazards like extreme weather, natural disasters, or
incidents involving hazardous materials. The purpose of shelter-in-place lockdowns is to shield
individuals from external threats and guarantee their safety while they are indoors.

Unpacking the Mechanics of a Lockdown: From Initiation to Execution

Initiation:
A lockdown is initiated when there is a credible threat or an emergency situation that poses a
risk to the safety and security of individuals. This threat can include an active shooter, a
security breach, a natural disaster, or other immediate dangers. The initiation is often
triggered by an alert system, which can include alarms, intercom announcements, visual
cues, or emergency notifications through communication systems.
Communication:
Effective and swift communication is crucial during a lockdown. All
individuals within the affected area must receive clear and concise
instructions. Common communication methods include alarms,
intercom announcements, text messages, email alerts, or any other
communication systems in place. The goal is to ensure that everyone
is informed of the situation and the need for a lockdown.

Access Control: Lockdown procedures involve securing entry and exit

points to prevent unauthorized access. This can include locking
doors, gates, and other access points. Access control may involve the
use of keycards, electronic locks, or physical barriers to limit entry and
exit. The goal is to contain the threat and reduce exposure.
 8
Safe Zones:
Safe areas within the facility are designated for individuals to gather
during a lockdown. These areas are chosen for their security features
and protection from potential threats. Safe zones are equipped with
essential supplies, including first-aid kits, communication devices, and
any necessary resources for individuals' well-being.

Locking and Silent Behavior:

Individuals are instructed to lock doors, turn off lights, and maintain
silence. These measures are essential to minimize risks and increase the
likelihood of remaining undetected by potential threats.
Evacuation Plans:
Lockdown procedures should include clear evacuation plans in case it
becomes necessary to leave the lockdown area. This preparedness
involves defining escape routes and assembly points. Communication
remains crucial during evacuations, ensuring that individuals are
informed about the evacuation process and safe assembly points.
Documentation and Reporting:
Maintaining detailed records of lockdown incidents, actions taken,
and outcomes is essential for analysis and compliance with
regulations. This documentation can also be valuable for law
enforcement investigations or legal requirements.
 9
Are lockdowns really the solution or are there alternatives?
Lockdowns serve as a crucial tool in security planning, especially in
response to immediate threats or emergencies. They offer a structured
and systematic approach to safeguarding individuals and minimizing
risks. However, the question arises: are lockdowns the ultimate solution,
or are there viable alternatives? Lockdowns undeniably have their
place in security protocols, but they are not without their challenges.
Their implementation can be disruptive, and they may induce anxiety
among those involved. Moreover, lockdowns can be reactive in
nature, initiated in response to an imminent threat. As such, there is
merit in considering complementary security measures.
Alternatives to lockdowns encompass a range of proactive measures,
including enhanced access control, threat assessments, security
training, and technology-based solutions. These alternatives can serve
as preventative measures that reduce the likelihood of a security
threat occurring in the first place.
In conclusion, while lockdowns are a critical part of security planning,
they should not be the sole solution. A comprehensive security strategy
that integrates both lockdowns and preventative measures can offer a
more balanced approach, enhancing security while minimizing
disruption. The key is to adapt and refine security protocols
continuously, staying ahead of evolving threats and tailoring the
response to the unique needs of the environment in question.

Written By: Muhammad Kamran Azhar

Chief Operating Officer, Haris Enterprises (Pvt) Ltd
 10

BASICS OF FIRE
SUPPRESSION
SYSTEM
“Fire is a good servant, but a very bad master.”
– American Proverb

Introduction
A vehicle-based fire suppression system is designed to detect, control, and extinguish fires while
minimizing damage and protecting occupants and property. An engine bay and cabin fire
suppression system is designed to protect the engine compartment and interior cabin of vehicles,
trains, and airplanes. It is also essentially used in industrial, commercial, or high-performance settings
where traditional firefighting methods may not work effectively.

Types of fire suppression systems

There are two main types of fire suppression systems i.e., active and passive, and each is tailored for
specific environments and scenarios. Active Fire Suppression Systems involve mechanisms like water,
gas, or foam to suppress or extinguish fires. Some examples include sprinklers, clean agents, foam, and
carbon dioxide systems. Passive Fire Suppression Systems are designed to contain or slow down the
spread of fire, providing occupants more time to evacuate and giving first responders more time to
react. These systems include fire-rated walls and doors, fire-resistant coatings and materials, fire
curtains and smoke barriers, and fireproofing thermal insulation.
 11

Manual Fire Suppression System (engine bay)

A Manual Fire Suppression System in an engine bay is designed to quickly and
effectively suppress fires that may occur due to fuel leaks, electrical
malfunctions, or other ignition sources. It provides a means for the operator or
user to prevent extensive damage or harm in the engine compartment of a
vehicle or machinery.

A manual fire suppression system for engine bays typically includes fire
extinguishers that contain fire-suppressing agents, strategically placed nozzles
or sprinklers, a manual activation mechanism, appropriate mounting
hardware, and the need for regular monitoring and maintenance to ensure
proper functionality. Engine bays require manual fire suppression systems for
safety in high-risk environments. These systems allow for quick response to fires,
reducing damage and downtime.

Automatic Fire Suppression System (engine bay)

An Automatic Fire Suppression System is designed to automatically detect and
suppress fires in the engine compartment of a vehicle or machinery, providing rapid
response and fire containment without requiring manual intervention.

Heat and fire detection sensors are placed strategically in the engine compartment
to detect any increases in temperature or the presence of flames. They send a
signal to the control unit, which processes the information to determine if there's a
fire. If a fire is confirmed, the system activates the suppression process by releasing a
fire-suppressing agent from a container, distributing it through a network of pipes or
conduits, and covering critical points with nozzles or dispensers. Some systems also
have backup power sources and alarms or warnings. Automatic fire suppression
systems are commonly used in environments where there is a high risk of fire, such as
in industrial, high-rise buildings, construction, mining, agriculture, and heavy-duty
vehicles and aircrafts.
 12
Automatic Fire Suppression System (passenger cabin)
An Automatic Fire Suppression System is a safety system designed to detect and
suppress fires within vehicles and aircrafts, protecting passengers and containing
fires.Passenger cabin fire suppression systems include smoke, fire, and temperature
sensors that send signals to a control unit, which activates a suppression agent
container filled with foam, gas, or other extinguishing substances. A release
mechanism opens valves or initiates other mechanisms that allow the agent to be
distributed through a network of pipes or conduits with nozzles or dispensers to
ensure efficient coverage. Some systems are equipped with alarms to alert
occupants to take appropriate action.
Manual Fire Suppression System (passenger cabin)
A Manual Fire Suppression System allows passengers or drivers to manually
extinguish fires in a vehicle's or aircraft’s cabin, preventing fire spread and ensuring
safety.
The core component of the fire extinguisher system in passenger cabins is a
portable extinguisher specifically designed to quickly and effectively put out small
fires. It is secured in a mounting bracket and equipped with an easily activated
operating mechanism and firefighting agent. Clear safety instructions are printed
on the extinguisher, and regular maintenance is necessary to ensure functionality
and readiness for use.
Passenger cabins equipped with manual fire suppression systems add an extra layer
of safety, allowing occupants to quickly respond to fire emergencies. These systems
are not a replacement for proper fire prevention and evacuation procedures, but
can effectively contain small fires, saving lives and reducing property damage.

Comparison – Manual & Automatic Fire Suppression Systems

for Engine & Cabin
Manual and Automatic Fire Suppression Systems serve to prevent and suppress
fires in sensitive areas like engine bays and cabins. However, they differ in
operation, advantages, disadvantages, and suitability for specific scenarios.
Manual fire suppression systems are activated by pressing a button or pulling a
lever to release a fire extinguishing agent like foam or dry chemical powder.
 13
Advantages of manual fire suppression systems include direct control over where
and when to discharge, selective use only when a fire is detected, and low
installation and maintenance costs. Disadvantages of manual fire suppression
systems include dependence on trained personnel, potential for human error, and
delays in activation if personnel are not immediately available. Manual fire
suppression systems are suitable for scenarios where there are personnel available
to quickly respond to a fire emergency and the risks are relatively low. Automatic
fire suppression systems use sensors to release fire suppressants without human
intervention.
Automatic fire detection systems have several advantages, including rapid
response, continuous 24/7 protection, and minimized risk of human error due to
their set parameters. There are a couple of disadvantages to automatic fire alarm
systems. Firstly, they tend to be more expensive to maintain and install mainly due
to the complexity of sensors, control panels, and integration. Secondly, sensors may
sometimes trigger false alarms due to factors such as dust, temperature
fluctuations, or other non-fire-related conditions. Automatic fire suppression systems
are ideal for scenarios where immediate response is crucial, such as large engine
bays and cabins, data centers, server rooms, trains, airplanes, or any situation
where fires can escalate rapidly and human intervention may be delayed.

Conclusion
In summary, the choice between manual and automatic fire suppression systems
depends on factors such as the level of risk, available resources, and the critical
nature of the area being protected. Manual systems offer more control and are
cost-effective but depend on human response, while automatic systems provide
rapid response and continuous protection but come at a higher cost. Often, a
combination of both systems might be employed to ensure comprehensive fire
protection.

Written By Sardar Mohammad Ejaz Khan

CPP®, PSP®, MSyI®, NEBOSH (IGC) has been engaged in the profession of
Security Risk Management, Asset Protection, and Compliance

Pakistan Security Situation
Overview for 2023
Pakistan faced yet another year of an extraordinary
surge in militant attacks. For the third year in a row,
there was a rise in the number of terrorist incidents
and their associated casualties throughout 2023. The
country witnessed a total of 306 terrorist attacks,
encompassing 23 suicide bombings, leading to the
death of 693 individuals and injuries to 1,124 others.
This marked a 17 percent increase from the
preceding year, with a substantial 65 percent rise in
fatalities compared to similar attacks in the prior year.
Security forces and law enforcement agencies
experienced significant losses, with 330 personnel
being martyred in the reported terrorist attacks in
2023. This included 26 members of the Frontier Corps
(FC), 176 policemen, 110 army officials, 11 Levies
personnel, five unspecified paramilitary soldiers, and
two Rangers. Additionally, 518 personnel from security
and law enforcement agencies suffered injuries.
Civilians were also severely impacted, with 260
fatalities and 559 injuries resulting from these attacks.
Concurrently, 103 militants were killed, and 47 were
injured, either in the suicide bombings they
orchestrated or in the retaliatory actions of security
forces following specific attacks.
Religiously motivated militant groups, such as the
Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and other local
Taliban factions like Tehrik-e-Jihad Pakistan (TJP) and
the Hafiz Gul Bahadur group, as well as Islamic State-
Khorasan (IS-K), collectively carried out 208 terrorist
attacks. This represented an increase from the 179
attacks in the preceding year, causing the death of
579 people and injuries to 938 others. Various Baloch
and Sindhi nationalist militant groups conducted 86
attacks, compared to 79 in 2022, resulting in 90
fatalities and 151 injuries. Notably, there was a
significant rise in sectarian-related terrorist attacks,
with 12 recorded in 2023 compared to four in 2022,
leading to 24 fatalities and injuries to another 35
people.
14
In 2023, as in previous years, law enforcement and
security professionals were the main targets of
terrorist strikes. Up to 205 attacks, or almost 67% of all
attacks that were reported in 2023, targeted law
enforcement and security personnel, vehicles,
convoys, posts, and installations. Nineteen attacks
appear to have targeted civilians, and ten more
attacks targeted polio vaccination teams and the
people who escorted them, mostly law enforcement
officers. In the meantime, terrorists carried out nine
attacks on government representatives, institutions,
and state symbols, as well as accused spies and
collaborators. Five terrorist attacks targeted members
of the Shia community, while nine more attacks
targeted Sunni religious leaders and the community.
In a total of five strikes, Baloch rebels also attacked
non-Baloch laborers and settlers in Balochistan.
As in the preceding year, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
encountered the highest number of attacks among
all regions of the country. According to Pak Institute
for Peace Studies (PIPS), a total of 174 terrorist attacks
occurred in the province, constituting about 57
percent of all attacks in Pakistan in 2023. These
incidents resulted in 422 fatalities and 782 injuries.
While the number of terrorist attacks saw a slight
three percent increase from the previous year, the
fatalities in these attacks in KP rose significantly by
approximately 43 percent, and injuries surged by 99
percent. This suggests that militants opted for more
intensified or impactful attacks in the province during
the reviewed year.

Most terrorist activities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were
concentrated in two regions: firstly, the southern
districts of KP, and secondly, the provincial capital
along with its neighboring Khyber district. Over 82
percent of the total 174 attacks in KP in 2023 were
concentrated in the six southern districts, including
North and South Waziristan, Bannu, Tank, Lakki
Marwat, and DI Khan, as well as the provincial capital
Peshawar and the neighboring Khyber district. Apart
from these regions, where the TTP and other local
Taliban groups were mainly active in 2023, a third
region in KP, namely Bajaur, remained a hotspot for
terrorist violence, primarily perpetrated by the Islamic
State-Khorasan (IS-K) terrorist group. Bajaur witnessed
10 attacks, most of which were claimed by IS-K.
Overall, terrorist attacks were reported from 22
districts of KP in 2023, and about 75 percent of the
total reported attacks targeted personnel from
security and law enforcement agencies, primarily the
army and police.
Balochistan ranked as the second-most terrorism-
affected province in 2023, following Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa. Baloch insurgent groups and religiously
motivated militant groups collectively carried out 110
attacks in the province, compared to 79 the previous
year. These attacks resulted in 229 fatalities,
compared to 106 in the previous year, and injured
282 others. Different Baloch insurgent groups,
primarily the Baloch Liberation Army (BLA) and
Balochistan Liberation Front (BLF), conducted 78
attacks in Balochistan, causing 86 fatalities and
injuring 137 others. The attacks by Baloch insurgent
groups were spread across 19 districts, mainly in
central, southern, and southwestern parts of the
province, and predominantly targeted security
forces. Meanwhile, religiously inspired militant groups
such as the TTP, Tehrik-e-Jihad Pakistan, and the
Islamic State terrorist group (IS-K), carried out 29
attacks in Balochistan, up from seven the previous
year, resulting in 139 fatalities and injuries to another
144 people. While the TTP and its affiliates were
responsible for most attacks in northern, largely
Pashtun-populated districts of the province, including
those bordering Afghanistan and KP, IS-K showed
increased activity in Mastung, Bolan, and Kalat
districts. Additionally, three sectarian-related attacks
in Balochistan in 2023 claimed four lives and injured
one person.
15
Compared to eight in the previous year, Sindh
province experienced 15 terrorist attacks in 2023,
including 14 attacks in Karachi alone and one in
Jamshoro in interior Sindh. These attacks resulted in 16
fatalities and injuries to 26 others. Seven of the
reported attacks in Sindh in 2023 were carried out by
sub-nationalist insurgent groups, including four
attacks by the Sindhudesh Revolutionary Army (SRA)
in Karachi and Jamshoro, and three by Baloch
insurgent groups BLA and BLF in Karachi. Reflecting a
relative increase in sectarian violence, seven
sectarian-related terrorist attacks also occurred in
Karachi, claiming six lives and injuring two others. The
banned TTP also orchestrated a coordinated gun-
and-bomb attack on the Karachi Police Office,
resulting in the martyrdom of four people (three
attackers were also killed) and injuries to 17 others.
Punjab experienced six terrorist attacks in 2023,
compared to five the previous year, causing 16
fatalities and eight injuries. Four of these attacks were
carried out by the TTP and Tehrik-e-Jihad Pakistan,
including three in Mianwali and one in Khanewal,
targeting law enforcement and intelligence officials.
In one instance, security forces thwarted a major gun
and bomb assault on the Mianwali Training Air Base
of the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) in November by
neutralizing all nine attackers from TJP. Additionally, a
Baloch insurgent group, the Baloch Nationalist Army
(BNA), claimed responsibility for one IED blast
targeting Jaffar Express near Chichawatni in Sahiwal
district, resulting in the death of a woman and injuries
to seven others. Separately, an unidentified assailant
shot and killed a member of the Sikh community,
Paramjit Singh Panjwar, in Lahore. One apparently
sectarian-related terrorist attack occurred in Diamir
(Gilgit-Baltistan), resulting in 10 fatalities and injuries to
26 others.
 16
It’s important to understand and highlight that if Pakistani security forces hadn't stopped hundreds of attacks
and attempts during the year, the situation may have been far worse. Approximately 612 suspected militants
were killed and at least 625 were detained during a 74 percent spike in security forces' activities against the
militants as per Pakistan Institute for Conflict and Security Studies (PICSS).
Overall, it’s safe to say that a large number of attacks aimed at Pakistani security forces are perpetrated by
terrorist groups having their stronghold and being launched from the main leadership and masterminds
present in Afghanistan. Pakistan claims that since the Taliban took control of the neighboring country in August
2021, the TTP and other fugitive militants have increased and openly carried out cross-border terrorist strikes
from safe havens in Afghanistan. This claim is supported and validated by United Nations’ most recent reports,
where they confirmed the presence of thousands of TTP militants on Afghan territory.

Written by: Ahmad Raza

Currently Serving as an Executive Director at KRATOS
 17

International News
Trending

OCTOBER TILL DECEMBER

2023
 18
Oct 13, Thailand: Mass shooting at a daycare center in Nong
Bua Lam Phu leaves 38 dead, including 24 children, in a
horrific tragedy.

Oct 26, Somalia: Mogadishu hotel bombing by Al-Shabaab

insurgents kills 21 people and injures over 100

Oct 25, Global: Lapsus$ hacking group breaches major cloud

server providers, exposing data of millions of users worldwide.

Oct 30, Brazil: Tense atmosphere and violence mark second

round of presidential elections, raising concerns about
political polarization.

Nov 19, Nigeria: Attack on church in Kaduna state by gunmen

leaves at least 30 dead and dozens injured.

Nov 21, Germany: Shooting rampage in central Hamburg kills 2

and injures several others, sparking debate about gun control.

Nov 24, Peru: Protests erupt nationwide over ousted

president's removal, leading to clashes with police and
temporary suspension of key infrastructure.

Nov 30, United Kingdom: National Health Service hit by

ransomware attack, disrupting healthcare services and
highlighting vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure.

Dec 15, Russia: Cyberattack targeting government websites

disrupts online services and raises concerns about escalation
in cyber warfare.

Dec 18, United States: Gang shooting in Chicago leaves 6 dead

and over 20 injured, highlighting ongoing gun violence issues.

Dec 19, Nepal: Political crisis deepens as parliament fails to

elect new prime minister, fueling uncertainty and instability.

Dec 31, Iraq: Suicide bombing at a market in Baghdad claims

the lives of 32 people and injures 65.
 19

SAFEGUARDING HUMANITARIAN
OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES FOR
SECURITY AND ACCEPTANCE IN
CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS
Humanitarian organizations operating globally face
an array of security challenges, particularly when
working in conflict zones, disaster-prone areas, or
hostile environments. The inherent risks associated
with these situations demand comprehensive
strategies to ensure the safety and security of
humanitarian workers. Here we explore the
importance of acceptance, protection, and security
strategies and offer practical steps for organizations
operating in such complex landscapes.
Acceptance, a pivotal ongoing process, begins well
before project implementation and extends beyond
its completion. The overall acceptance of the
organization within the community is a key security
strategy, as it influences the success of current and
future projects. To enhance acceptance,
engagement with stakeholders should surpass
routine meetings, involving two-way dialogues
through workshops, community forums, and
feedback mechanisms. This engagement should
extend internally and externally, encompassing local
government, community groups, beneficiaries,
donors, and media. Furthermore, respecting existing
local structures and fostering cultural sensitivity by
adapting activities to local customs and traditions
are essential steps in building trust.
In the context of countries like Pakistan, traditional
deterrence tactics associated with armed
peacekeeping are often inappropriate and
counterproductive for NGOs. Instead, the emphasis
should be on collaboration, trust-building, and
addressing the root causes of conflict through
engagement and development. Long-term success
lies in a humanitarian focus that prioritizes sustainable
strategies over coercive measures.
In conclusion, adeptly traversing the intricate terrains
of acceptance, protection, and conflict resolution
demands a sagacious and forward-thinking
paradigm from humanitarian organizations. Through
the judicious implementation of recommended
strategies encompassing stakeholder engagement,
cultural acumen, sophisticated multi-layered
protection methodologies, and a resolute
commitment to collaborative efforts, international
NGOs stand poised to amplify their influence. In so
doing, they not only fortify the well-being of their
personnel but also guarantee the triumph of their
undertakings within the exigent environs of regions
such as Pakistan.

Protection, another critical aspect, requires a multi-

layered approach. Combining physical security
measures like CCTVs, fences, and alarms with robust
risk assessment, community outreach, and staff
training can significantly enhance security. Building
relationships with local authorities and security forces
is crucial for proactive support, and having
comprehensive emergency preparedness plans,
including evacuation procedures and
communication protocols, is imperative to mitigate
potential threats.

Written By Muhammad Hanif

Country Security Management Coordinator-Norwegian Red Cross
Cyber Risk
The evolving landscape of technology and connectivity
has magnified the complexity and gravity of cyber risks,
necessitating proactive measures to safeguard against
potential threats to digital assets and privacy.
 21
CyberSafe Technologies

Cybersecurity and
emerging technologies
in 21st century
Introduction
Currently, we are passing through a phase in which internet is
playing most vital part in our daily life. Whatever we are doing like a
student, a university professor, a senior civil servant, a doctor, a
housewife etc., we simply cannot think to move forward without the
internet. Like electricity and water, it has entered in our life as basic
need. We should not forget that criminals are using this cyber space
for the same purpose we are using it. This has become their lifeline
as the entire underworld of criminals has switched over to virtual
world instead of physical world. Few years back, all our law
enforcement infrastructure was based on physical institution like
police station, FIA, intelligence services and other allied paramilitary
force to handle to different level of criminals, starting from a street
crime moving further to finical crimes, human trafficking, gun
running, crypto currencies and many other, all are dependent on
intent for their communication.

All supporting platforms of intent like what’s app, Facebook, Linked

In and many more were designed and conceived based on its legal
use, although number of precautions were built in to stop the
criminals for their illegal use. But historically, criminals were always
ahead of civil society. In view of all the above, it become of vital
importance to bring in place corresponding legal framework to
handle criminals in all possible domains of law enforcement.

Infrastructure of cybercrime cognizance in Pakistan

In 2002, Electronic Transaction Ordinance was promulgated in
Pakistan enabling the smooth financial transactions avoiding any
illegal use of banking infrastructure.
 22
IThis ordinance opened the door for online banking replacing our manual banking systems. Section 36 and 37 of
these ordinances for the first time introduced legal framework to handle any illegal communication like email,
any social media, etc. and corresponded it with real world like threating any person in real world was a crime
along with dodging any person and grabbing finical gain in real world was a crime as per Pakistan Penal Code
(PPC). Immediately after this, national response center for cybercrimes was established in Federal investigation
Agency (FIA) (initially as a cybercrime investigation unit named as national response center for cybercrime
(NR3C) taking legal help from FIA act 75 which enables annexation of PPC laws for any investigation) and
subsequently under cybercrime ordinance promulgated in 2007. The first two forensic labs were established by
NR3C by me in Islamabad and Karachi and huge number of officers were trained to combat cybercrimes in
Pakistan.

All above was a wonderful start but with the fast digital transformation, criminals took advantage and being
ahead of tide they become more successful due to use of fast emerging technologies like crypto currencies, the
criminals appeared to be more successful than the corresponding infrastructure to combat cybercrime. ahead
of tide they become more successful due to use of fast emerging technologies like crypto currency, the criminals
appeared to be more successful than the corresponding infrastructure to combat cyber crime.

Where to go now in combating cyber crime

Currently, no single organization can combat cybercrimes in
Pakistan. There in an urgent need to understand the basic idea
conceived while establishing national response center for
cybercrime (nr3c)
That is a single entity engaging all relevant stakeholders to combat
cybercrime in Pakistan and to establish real time communication
with all stakeholders globally like Interpol, relevant United Nation
(UN) organizations and senior management of of social media
platforms.

Currently, we are facing three types of criminals in our

cyber space.
A- Criminals of internet a normal person is using.
B- Criminals of internet of dark web
C- Criminals of deep dark web

All above criminals are active in their respective domain starting

from depriving innocent people from their hard-earned money
through financial fraud, child pornography, gun running, crypto
currency etc. Normally, criminals operate collectively working from
different countries as organized criminals like we have organization
for community welfare. Criminals have become very organized in
cyber space and now have emerged as a big challenge for all
domains of law enforcement and civil society. There is an urgent
need to combat them
before they take over all banks, hospitals, universities disrupting
critical infrastructure, causing widespread data breaches, or
blackmailing individuals.

Written By Ammar Jaffri

Former Additional DG FIA and Founder Digital Pakistan
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 24

In Conversation With City Traffic

Officer, Islamabad Traffic Police

Q
How is the law and order situation in federal capital compare to other
provincial capitals?

Islamabad is a metropolitan city and citizens of every religion, color,

and race are living in Islamabad. Law & order assumes greater

A
significance for the Federal Capital as it affects the whole city, and
more often than not, the processions/protests/sit-ins/agitations from
all over Pakistan culminate at Islamabad being the federal capital.
Islamabad Police is maintaining law & order in the Federal Capital and
ensuring the safety of lives and property of citizens is one of the top
priorities of ICT Police.
.
 25

Q
What role does your department play in keeping the members of
society Safe and secure? Would you be able to reflect to the best
practices or steps being taken by the ITP that other relevant
department should follow or copy?

The role of Islamabad Traffic Police is:

to digitally and manually regulate traffic;
to ensure public safety;
to ensure smooth flow of traffic;
to control transport of hazardous material;

A
to control environmental pollution; and
to enforce traffic laws.
For the purpose, important intersections / crossings are covered
through deployment of traffic cops to regulate the traffic, apart from
enforcement. ITP Teams conduct periodical survey of the roads,
avenues and highways to highlight the black spots causing accidents
and damage to the life & property of road commuters. After
identification of such causes, safety measures are taken to
keep the society safe.

Q
What is the vision of ITP and any initiative ITP would like to
introduce?

ITP is envisioned to perform its lawful duties with:

A
Efficiency
Equality
Transparency
Courtesy
ITP continues to introduce workable IT backed interventions for
improving its public service delivery.
 26

Q
Tell us a bit about the trainings that ITP staff undergoes and any area
you think need more focus in training i.e. fire safety, first aid, scene
safety after the accident etc.

IITP force is a part of Islamabad Police and initial training is being

A
arranged at Police Training College. After posting in ITP, the road
safety awareness team arranges lectures about public dealing and
issuance of challan tickets to the violators. Besides, accident
management courses are also being arranged for traffic police
officers at Police Training College, Islamabad.

Q
what are the main challenges ITP staff face generally and what support
you think should be provided by the private sector under Corporate
social responsibility?

The ITP is currently facing following main challenges for traffic

management in the federal capital:
1. Shortage of manpower and vehicles;
2. Lack of infrastructure and financial resources;
3. Increase in area of responsibility; and

A
4. Increase in vehicular population.
The deployment of traffic police is based on a 12-hour shift
which fluctuate with a lot of VVIP duties as well as law & order duties
due to which, the officers of ITP suffer from various health issues that
predominantly include lung diseases. The private sector can support
the ITP staff by facilitating them at prominent/well-established
educational, health & training set- ups owned or governed by private
sector.
 27

Q Highlights of the achievement for ITP for 2023

Enhancement of traffic fines under Section 116-A of MVO

1965 which has resulted in a considerable decrease in violation of
traffic laws.
Introduction of E-Challan through Safe City Cameras: 218437 E-Challan

A
tickets issued so far.
Dissemination of SMS for issuance of new driving licenses and
reminders for renewal before thirty days of expiry.
Registration of 994 FIRs against repeated one way violators on the
charge of careless driving under section 279 PPC.
Introduction of Point System and suspension of driving Licenses: 1516
driving licenses have been suspended.
16275 vehicles and 35811 motorcycles impounded.
5999 violation tickets on underage driving.

Q
what problems does ITP staff face during rescue in the aftermath of any
road accident as first responders?

A
The accident approach time is 05/10 minutes, however, ITP staff has
specialized training about dealing the road accidents. ITP Staff collects
evidence from the spot and produces the same in the court of law, if
required, after preparation of accident maps.
 28

Q CTO’s message that you would like to be delivered to public?

The rule of law is applicable to every citizen. Everyone should obey

traffic laws for safety of their own lives and for the lives of others. ITP

A
is performing its lawful duties without any discrimination and
committed to provide best services to the
citizens. The road users should also cooperate with the ITP staff for
safe journey on roads and making the Federal Capital a model
society at international level.

Q Which sector / area is infamous for road accidents and what type of
vehicles are generally more involved in the traffic accidents?

The record shows that most of the accidents are happened due to
human behavior i.e. careless / negligence driving & pedestrian
crossing etc. and 31% accidents took place in residential areas due to
unawareness about road safety laws. Generally, accidents are

A
happened on Margalla Road, Srinagar Highway, Kernal Sher Khan
Shaheed Road (IJP Road) and Expressway.

No specific type of vehicle can be identified for involvement in road

accidents rather human behavior plays important role. This issue
can be addressed through road safety awareness amongst
the citizen.
 29

Q
Referring to Ignorance of law is not a excuse, how
does ITP manage to do effective awareness
campaigns.

A
ITP regularly airs road safety messages through ITP FM Radio 92.4 and
also utilizes print, electronic and social media platforms (Twitter,
Facebook and Web TV) for the awareness of road users inculcating the
road safety tips from time to time.

Q
How can we further improve law and order & road safety situation in
federal capital with use of advance technology/ AI (integration of police
15 data with safe city cameras so the any criminal or absconder is
pointed out)

Road users should follow the traffic laws for their safety and security.
Moreover, it would be easy to make analysis through

A
safe city data and to manage the weak areas for improved public
service delivery. Utilization of safe city cameras is an effective tool to
manage the traffic. Hotel eye (Software) is beneficial to
apprehend the P.Os. and court absconders. ITP is also striving to
integrate criminals record and challan record with driving license
software through CNIC of applicants to pin point the criminals.
30

Q
Please suggest some useful tips on road safety and how can risk of
road accident be mitigated.

Road users are required to follow the traffic rules their safety and
prevention of road accidents: -
Minutely check the condition of vehicle before driving
Plan your journey well in advance

A
Do vehicle maintenance and pre-trip inspections
Set all devices, mirrors and controls prior to driving.
Always use seat belt while driving
Drive within prescribed speed limit
Never use cell phones while driving
Take short rests during long distance travelling
Use pedestrian bridges/zebra crossings while crossing the roads
Keep in designated lane, frequent lane changes prohibited
Bikers should ride their bikes with safety helmet in extreme left of
the road and do not use fast lane
 RESCUE 1122
EMERGENCY SERVICES DEPARTMENT
Rescue-1122 Progress & Achievements in KP 2023
 33
UNDERSTANDING ACTIVE
SHOOTERS:
MOTIVATIONS, RISKS, AND
MITIGATING STRATEGIES
The menace of active shooters poses a significant threat to public safety, demanding a nuanced
understanding of their motivations, the widespread risks they present, and effective strategies for
mitigation. This article explores the multifaceted nature of active shooter incidents, delving into
preventive measures, training and education, communication strategies, and the critical phases of
response.

Who is an Active Shooter?

An active shooter is an individual actively
engaged in causing harm by using firearms or
Workplace 44%
other weapons with the intent to kill or injure
people in a confined, populated area. The
dynamic nature of this threat necessitates
immediate response measures to minimize
casualties and ensure public safety.

What is Their Motive?

Motivations for active shooters are diverse,
ranging from personal grievances and Schools 21%
ideological beliefs to mental health issues.
Identifying specific motives remains
challenging, underscoring the importance for
law enforcement and security professionals to
focus on comprehensive prevention and
response strategies.
Who is at Risk?
Active shooter incidents can unfold in various
settings, putting anyone in proximity at risk. Govt. Facilities 10%
Schools, workplaces, shopping centers, and
public spaces are potential targets.
Recognizing the universality of this threat is key
to implementing effective security measures.
According to FBI statistics between 2000-2018,
there were 277 incidents resulting in 884 deaths
and 1546 injuries. Different settings, such as
workplaces (44%), schools (21%), government Open Spaces 13%
facilities (10%), and open spaces (13%), are all
vulnerable. Image for Govt facilities is from
incident of “Washington Navy Yard Shooting
2013 resulting 12 Killed and 03 Injured”. Image
for open space is from Las Vegas in 2017.

What to Do? (Mitigating Strategies)
Prevention: Implementing robust security
measures, especially access control measures,
conducting threat assessments, and fostering a
culture of reporting concerning behavior, are
vital components of a preventive approach.
Training and Education: Regularly training staff
and the public on recognizing warning signs,
effective communication during crises, and
evacuation procedures is crucial for enhancing
preparedness.
Communication: Establishing clear
communication channels and procedures to
disseminate information swiftly during an
incident is essential for coordination and public
safety.
Law Enforcement Coordination: Collaboration
with law enforcement agencies ensures a
coordinated response, including regular drills
and joint exercises to enhance preparedness.
Always Remember the
approach: (RUN – HIDE – FIGHT)
Run: Encourage people to evacuate the area
if it can be done safely, following pre-
established evacuation routes.
Hide: If evacuation is not possible, individuals
should seek cover and concealment, turning
off lights and silencing electronic devices to
avoid detection.
Fight: As a last resort, individuals should be
prepared to confront the shooter using
improvised weapons or physical force.
Cover vs. Concealment
Distinguishing between cover and
concealment is vital during an active shooter
situation.
Cover: Refers to objects or structures that can
provide protection from gunfire. Concrete
walls, pillars, or metal structures may offer
cover.
Written By Muhammad Shuja Uddin
Working as a security professional for past 20 years
34
Concealment: Refers to objects that can hide
you from the view of the shooter but may not
provide protection from gunfire. Furniture,
curtains, or partitions can act as concealment.
Release/Rescue Phase
Keep empty hands raised and clearly visible.
Follow all instructions from Police or rescuer.
Can support the rescuers by providing first-
hand information about attacker. (However,
your safety first)
Make no such moves that a tense rescuer
may interpret as hostile or threatening.
Key Learnings
Vigilance: Encourage a culture of
awareness and reporting suspicious
behavior.
Preparedness: Regularly conduct drills and
exercises to ensure a swift and effective
response.
Community Involvement: Foster community
engagement in security measures to
enhance overall safety.
Conclusion
In conclusion, a thorough comprehension of the
motivations, risks, and mitigation strategies
associated with active shooter incidents is
imperative for devising comprehensive security
plans. The evolving nature of these threats
underscores the need for a multifaceted
approach that incorporates prevention,
preparedness, and swift response strategies. In
the face of these complex challenges, the call
to action is clear: stay vigilant, stay prepared. By
combining knowledge, proactive measures,
and community involvement, we can strive to
create safer environments for everyone. Active
shooter incidents demand a united front, where
individuals, organizations, and communities
work collaboratively to mitigate the risks and
ultimately ensure the safety and well-being of
all.
 35
Karachi, once called the city of lights, now has
long been grappling with a host of challenges
that have transformed its landscape from a
thriving metropolis to a city in distress. Despite
being a vital contributor to the nation’s
economy, Karachi’s plight is evident in its
crumbling infrastructure, regulatory chaos, and a
web of governance complexities.
There has been a notable enhancement in fire
safety standards throughout the outgoing year
at commercial buildings, yet 2023 witnessed
tragic outcomes. A total of 41 lives were lost, and
98 individuals suffered burn injuries in numerous
fire incidents, resulting in significant financial
losses.
The Fire Brigade Department's annual report
disclosed over 2,150 fire incidents, with January
recording the highest at 356 and August and
September experiencing the least with 100 and
103 incidents, respectively. Saddar Fire Station
topped the list with 186 complaints, followed by
Central Fire Station (154), Nazimabad Fire Station
(152), and others. Notably, Emergency Rescue
Hawke's Bay Fire Station and Cattle Colony Fire
Station received no complaints due to their
dysfunctional status. The report highlighted the
lowest volume of fire complaints at
Superhighway and New Truck Stand fire stations.
Some of the major fire incidents of Karachi, listed
below:
On 27th April 2023, a fire broke out in the
coach of a Karachi Express Train early in the
morning. At least seven casualties were
reported. Tragedy struck when the train was
leaving Karachi for Lahore.
12 April 2023, 7:30AM; massive fire broke out
in a factory in sector 16-B of Karachi’s Gabol
Town. The cause of the fire was identified as a
short circuit, though the fire proved to be a
huge financial and infrastructural loss for the
owners no casualties or injuries were
reported.
On the night of 13 April 2023, a massive fire
broke out in a garment factory in the New
Karachi Industrial Area. Reportedly the cause
of the blaze isn’t known. According to
witnesses’ grey smoke suddenly rose from the
factory. The fire was almost extinguished
when a collapse occurred, leading to the
death of the four firefighters who were on
duty at that moment.
A raging fire broke out in a factory located in
Karachi’s Landhi Industrial Area on Friday, July
28. Causing no casualties, but posing a
significant challenge for firefighting teams,
said a senior administration official. The
incident was classified as a third-degree fire,
due to which one side of the factory’s roof
collapsed.
On the morning of 25 November 2023, a
short-circuited generator caused a fire on the
fourth floor of RJ shopping mall, which at that
time held around 60 people. The fire spread
quickly causing the building to be evacuated
immediately and causing extensive property
damage. Around 11 casualties and 35 injuries
were reported.
Wednesday, Dec. 6, 2023, massive fire broke
out in Ayesha Manzil engulfing the six-storey
commercial-cum-residential building.
 36
The fire was declared 'third degree' and erupted
around 5:47 pm (local time). The fire reportedly,
erupted due to a short circuit in a furniture store
and quickly spread to other shops that were a
part of the furniture market situated under the
building. Soon the whole building was engulfed
in the raging fire, putting around 250 shops and
450 apartments at risk.
The abovementioned incidents are a small
glimpse of 2023, the same kind of major fire
incidents occurred in yester years. Some will be
remembered for years, for instance the Site Area
factory fire, where 300 plus people lost their lives,
mostly laborers, the sole bread earners of their
families. The second such incident took place at
Karachi cooperative market, located in the heart
of Karachi Saddar. Luckily no lives were lost in the
incident, but 200 -300 shops were burnt to ashes,
with an estimated loss of 5 to 10 billion, as
reported by Geo TV.
As per fire safety experts, 90% of the buildings in
Karachi, are not safe due to:
Poor quality Electrical wirings & equipment’s
Lack of proper maintenance
Lack of inspections & Implementation by the
concerned government bodies
Lack of Safety sense, by the occupants and
even the customers visiting the buildings
No evacuations, drills, no training, or
awareness
If we talk about fire incidents of PTC, Share-e-
Faisal, RJ Mall, Rashid Minhas Rd & Arshi Shopping
mall and Ayesha Manzil for instance, all these
fires started due to short circuit which occurred
through their panel boards as these are not
properly maintained or even properly installed,
i.e. component protection plates missing, lugs
and glands missing, wiring not dressed, plastic
tape used for joints and marking. No proper lock
& key system, use of low-quality wires, for the
sake of saving money.
During the preparation of this article, many
renowned Safety Professionals were consulted
with some having expertise of over 30 years in
the field of Occupational Health & Safety.
Written By Robin Ghulam Haider Patras
Currently Serving as a Security Professional in Karachi
Almost all of them shared similar feelings and
experiences. A popular approach is to blame the
lack of legislation & poor implementation /
regulating machinery. However, the short-sighted
commercial angle & a poor perception of risk
plays a dominant role in disregarding the basic
precautionary measures as well as mitigating
actions. Although we see many accidents
occurring in a very short span of time, the
incident frequency for individual enterprises is
very low and this results in a poor sense of
vulnerability in these organizations.
Consequently, any investment in preventive and
mitigative measures is considered superfluous.
Even the insurers attach greater priority to
underwriting policies than to assessing the risks &
risk control measures of the insured due to a
highly competitive insurance market. Insurers can
play a very important role in ensuring that the
industries, business organizations & commercial
plazas implement proper risk-based fire control
measures. However, the challenge remains with
large and small residential buildings which are
generally not covered by insurance. Although
building laws are present, their implementation is
practically non-existent. For this sector, public
awareness programs are needed to sensitize the
public towards these issues as well as to ensure
strict implementation by the approving and
inspection authorities. Additionally, all the
relevant components including Architects,
builders, contractors & safety professionals also
need to play their role in this.
Lastly, this is a collective issue which needs
special attention like any other important issue.
Strict implementation of Building Code of
Pakistan Fire Safety Provisions – 2016, is needed
across the board. But for this, a positive will is
needed from all the stakeholders or else we will
keep witnessing such incidents in future as well
unfortunately. We will talk on the same for few
days, then we forget and get busy in our lives.
Remember, a single human life does matter.
Pakistan Zindabad.
HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT
AWARENESS TRAINING
(H.E.A.T)

What is Hostile Environment Awareness Training (H.E.A.T)?

Hostile Environment Awareness Training (H.E.A.T) is a
specialized training program that prepares individuals for
operating and working in hostile or potentially dangerous
environments.
What does it include?
H.E.A.T programs typically cover a range of topics,
including security and risk assessments, personal security
measures, first aid, cultural awareness, and emergency
responseprocedures. Participants are trained to
recognizeand respond to potential threats and to take
steps to minimize the risks to their personalsafety and the
safety of those around them.
Who should get this training?
This type of training is often provided to people associated
with a range of professions including but not limitedto
health workers, journalists, NGO staff, aid workers and
other professionals who may be required to do field work in
conflict zones, areas affected by natural disasters, or other
high-risk environments.

How is this training conducted?

It’s a combination of theoretical and practical component
including classroom instruction, hands-on simulations, and
highly realistic field exercises/live scenarios to ensure that
participants experience extreme stress situation and
subsequently learn to cope up and better handle such
situations in real life.
 HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT
AWARENESS TRAINING
(H.E.A.T)
WHY IS IT NECESSARY?
This training is necessary for several reasons:

Personal safety | Risk assessment | Emergency response

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS?

H.E.A.T training is essential for field workers to operate

safely and effectively in challenging environments. The
training provides individuals with the skills and
knowledge they need to mitigate risks, operate safely,
and respond effectively to emergencies and
challenging environments while also promoting
cultural awareness and sensitivity. Overall, the benefits
of this training are numerous. By enhancing personal
safety, situational awareness, emergency response,
and confidence, H.E.A.T training can help individuals
to succeed in challenging environments and make a
positive impact in their work.

If this is a training that could be of interest to you or

your organization, kindly reach out to us at
contact@kratosconsultants.com
Wishes You a
HAPPY

NEW YEAR
2024
 ECS
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 KRATOS SECURITY
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