Chap. 1 3 Larido Collado Miraballes Edited

MATAAS NA PAARALANG NEPTALI A.
GONZALES Page |1
Division of City Schools

City of Mandaluyong
Mataas na Paaralang Neptali A. Gonzales
Nueve de Febrero St. Brgy. Mauway Mandaluyong City
THE EFFICACY OF SODIUM BICARBONATE (BAKING

SODA) AND SUCROSE (SUGAR) MIXTURE AS AN
ALTERNATIVE INSECTICIDE
Submitted by:
Miraballes, Rhexander S.
Collado, Dwayne D.
Larido, Mary Judiel P.
Submitted to:
Mrs. Maryann Donato Yusi
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MATHEMATICS (STEM)

MATAAS NA PAARALANG NEPTALI A. GONZALES Page |2
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
I. Introduction
Blattodea (cockroaches), specifically Periplaneta americana (American
Cockroach) are widely known as pests in households that causes various problems on
different aspects in our lives, particularly, our health. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), they are known as carriers of leprosy, diarrhea, cholera, etc. Due
to being one of the cause of problems such as allergic reactions and food contamination
which leads to food poisoning, people continuously seek effective store-bought
repellants that are quite expensive.
There are some ways to eliminate Periplaneta americana (American
Cockroach) and the most common trap for this is to use aerosol sprays. On the
advertisements shown on the television screens, there are products that are said to be
effective. But on the other hand, the use of these artificial repellents cause negative
effects not only to the environment but to those in the surroundings who are bound to
inhale the chemicals released by the spray. Aerosols contain petroleum distillates which
are hazardous to human health and may also cause death on higher level of contact to the
living.
Most of the household owners use different pesticides such as mothballs in
repelling Periplaneta americana (American Cockroach) in their houses without even
considering its negative effects on human health. The main use of pesticides is to harm

or kill pests. Hence, too much exposure to its chemical compositions may cause different
illness and diseases.
There are also natural and organic ways that could serve as an alternative
repellent to Periplaneta americana (American Cockroach). The use of Sodium
bicarbonate (baking soda) and Sucrose (sugar) mixture is being studied on this research
to determine its effectiveness as a nontoxic bait to kill Periplaneta americana (American
Cockroach) for a cheap, environment-friendly, and naturally effective way.
II. Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to know if Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and Sucrose
(sugar) mixture can be an alternative insecticide for Periplaneta americana (American
Cockroach). Specifically, it intends to answer the following questions
1.) How many milligrams of baking soda and sugar mixture is needed to work as an
insecticide for American cockroach?
2.) What steps are required in using a mixture of baking soda and sugar to serve as
3.) How effective does the combination of baking soda with sugar works as an
III. Hypothesis

Ho: There is no significant difference on using the combination of Sodium bicarbonate
(baking soda) and Sucrose (sugar) as an alternative insecticide for Periplaneta
americana (American Cockroach).
IV. Scope and Limitation
The research study entitled “THE EFFICACY OF SODIUM BICARBONATE
(BAKING SODA) AND SUCROSE (SUGAR) MIXTURE AS AN ALTERNATIVE
INSECTICIDE” focuses on studying the efficacy of the mixture; sodium bicarbonate
(baking soda) and sucrose (sugar) as an alternative insecticide for Periplaneta americana
(American Cockroach). This study will help you to understand that the mixture of
sodium bicarbonate and sucrose can be an alternative insecticide for Periplaneta
americana. The data collection will be conducted in the house of the researchers on
barangay Addition Hills, Mandaluyong City wherein their areas contain Periplaneta
americana (American Cockroach).
This study specifically concentrates only in making, determining the efficacy and
how much mixture of Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and Sucrose (sugar) mixture is
needed to work as an alternative insecticide for house cockroaches specifically American
cokroaches. This study does not include any other ingredients except baking soda and
sugar.
Additionally, based on the formulated research questions, the study will undergo
to an experimental process involving observation to analyze and gather reliable data. The
major target of this insecticide is American cockroaches only and does not include any

other insects. This study aims to produce, provide and develop a research study or
outcome that benefits the community.
V. Significance of the Study
This study aims to provide research-based information and assess the utilization
of Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and Sucrose (sugar) mixture as an alternative
insecticide for Periplaneta americana (American Cockroach). It specifically benefits the
following individuals:
Household owners – The result of this study can be beneficial to the household
owners as they will be aware of an existing cheap but organic and effective alternative
cockroach insecticide. This may help them to improve their awareness and knowledge
on how to deal with pests, specifically cockroaches that can cause food contamination
and various diseases.
Communities – The study’s results will help the community to raise awareness
about the alternative insecticide for cockroaches, with this, they will no longer settle for
aerosol sprays that are chemically composed which is harmful not only to the human
body but to the environment as well. A cheaper and effective insecticide that could
contribute to the economy.
Health Unit/Centers – The outcome of this study will give the health units and
centers data regarding the practices to dispatch cockroaches that would lessen the cases
of food contamination and cases of existing diseases brought by cockroaches.
Future Researchers – This study can serve as a reference for future researchers
in formulating their own studies. By reviewing this research, they may identify areas for

development or improvement. It can inspire them to explore new ideas and contribute to
the field in a meaningful way.
VI. Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Compounds for Mixing Sodium Potential

alternative bicarbonate utilization of
cockroach (baking soda) and Sodium
insecticide: Sucrose (sugar) bicarbonate
a. Sodium (baking soda) and
bicarbonate Locating areas Sucrose (sugar)
(baking soda) with Periplaneta mixture as an
b. Sucrose (sugar) americana alternative
(American insecticide for
c. Areas with Cockroach) Periplaneta
Blattodea americana
(cockroaches) Analysis of Data: (American
a. Observation Cockroach)
b. Statistical
Treatment
The results will be published to give them awareness about using Sodium
bicarbonate (baking soda) and Sucrose (sugar) mixture as an alternative
insecticide for Periplaneta americana (American Cockroach). This study will
provide you a legit and accurate information. It’s not about how they dispatch
Periplaneta americana (American Cockroach) as pests but how Periplaneta
americana (American Cockroach) can be dispatched by simply using Sodium
bicarbonate (baking soda) and Sucrose (sugar) mixture as an alternative
insecticide.

FIGURE 1. Research Paradigm
The Research Paradigm above shows the overview of how the whole study will
be conducted. This study aims to know the effects and benefits of mixing Sodium
bicarbonate (baking soda) and Sucrose (sugar) as an alternative insecticide for
Periplaneta americana (American Cockroach). The input of this study are the
compounds for alternative cockroach insecticide, specifically Sodium bicarbonate
(baking soda) and Sucrose (sugar) as mixture, which were the variables that will be used
to cause effect.
The process included methods that the variables underwent to acquire reliable
results, such as conducting the mixture of Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and
Sucrose (sugar). Additionally, locating the areas with Periplaneta americana (American
Cockroach). This study will also apply observation to collect and gather the data needed.
Moreover, with the collection data, the researchers will focus on analyzing and
interpreting it with statistical treatment.
At the end of the study, the researcher will be able to interpret the answers from
tha data analysis procedure. The potential utilization of Sodium bicarbonate (baking
soda) and Sucrose (sugar) mixture as an alternative insecticide for Periplaneta
americana (American Cockroach) will be the expected output or outcome of this study.
These prognosticated results were expected to happen due to the changes made by the
input undergoing the process.
VII. Definition of Terms

Aerosol – A tiny solid or liquid particle suspended in air or as a gas. Aerosols can be
natural, such as fog or gas from volcanic eruptions, or artificial, such as smoke from
burning fossil fuels.
Diseases – A pathologic condition in which the normal functioning of an organism or
body is impaired or disrupted, resulting in extreme pain, dysfunction, distress, or death.
In exposure to pesticides, you can get respiratory tract irritation, sore throat and/or
cough, allergic sensitization, eye and skin irritation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
headache, extreme weakness, seizures, and/or death and loss of consciousness.
Nontoxic – Aren't poisonous, they don't harm the environment.
Periplaneta americana – The Periplaneta americana (American cockroach) is the
largest of the common peridomestic cockroaches, measuring on average 4 cm in length.
American cockroaches are found in moist, shady areas such as hollow trees, wood piles,
and mulch.
Pesticides – A chemical substance used to kill harmful insects, small animals, wild
plants, and other unwanted organisms.
Prognosticated – To forecast or predict (something future) from present indications or
signs; prophesy.
Repellent – Repellents are products like spray or lotion that help prevent, repel, or
mitigate pests.
Sodium Bicarbonate – Also called baking soda, bicarbonate of soda, or sodium
hydrogen carbonate that is a source of carbon dioxide and so is used as an ingredient in
baking powders, in effervescent salts and beverages etc.

Sucrose – Sucrose is a naturally occurring sugar found in various amounts in plants like
fruits, vegetables and nuts.
World Health Organization (WHO) – The United Nations agency that connects
nations, partners and people to promote health.
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter provides an overview of the literature that is relevant and closely
related to the present study. It offers the researcher a broader perspective, which aids in
conceptualizing and understanding the study on the “The Efficacy of Sodium
bicarbonate (Baking Soda) and Sucrose (Sugar) Mixture as an Alternative Insecticide”.
The review of the related literature also assists the researcher in interpreting the findings
obtained from the study.
SOP 1: How many milligrams of baking soda and sugar mixture is needed to work
as an insecticide for American cockroach?
Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties of Baking Soda
Sodium bicarbonate, or baking soda, is a crystalline chemical molecule that
occurs naturally. It is frequently seen in powder form. Despite being a naturally
occurring substance, baking soda is frequently extracted and produced chemically. The
majority of baking sodas sold commercially in the US are made from ore that is
extracted in Wyoming. Baking soda is made by heating the ore until it transforms into
soda ash and combining it with carbon dioxide. Nevertheless, baking soda that occurs
naturally can still be found; it is mined as nahcolite while the most natural form of
sodium bicarbonate is nahcolite, it doesn't contain any chemical additions according to
Bob's Red Mill.
It's also a versatile ingredient whose uses extend far beyond cooking (R. Amy,
2023). Its alkaline composition gives it insecticidal qualities. When baking soda is
heated above 122°F, it creates carbon dioxide according to Bob's Red Mill. When
ingested by insects, baking soda will react to the acid in the stomachs of the insect and

disrupts their acidic digestive systems, causing a fatal imbalance (A. Jack,2023). This
gentle but effective mode of action makes it a safer choice for both humans and
environment. And unexpectedly according to Ryan Fisher, baking soda has a remarkable
ant-killing capacity.
Effect of sugar compound in enhancing the efficacy of the insecticide
Sugar, in the form of sucrose, it will act as an attractant. According to Horizon
Pest Control, sugar draws a wide variety of insects and other animals, including humans,
who are driven to eat it as it is a high-calorie diet. It has also been proposed by
greenhouse producers that adding sugar to a stomach poison insecticide enhances the
efficacy of the insecticide and sugar is also the by far most attractive substance for
cockroaches according to Lawn Plus Pest Control. Since insects are naturally drawn to
the sweet scent of sugar, it'll conceals the impending threat of baking soda.
On the other hand, as mentioned earlier, the one who will do the work on the
digestive system of the cockroaches is the baking soda. The combination of baking soda
and sugar creates a bait trap, where the sugar attracts the insects, who then
unintentionally consume the deadly baking soda. According to the Texas Agricultural
Experiment Station, trapping is one of the most effective cockroach-killing methods.
Roaches in the vicinity could die in ten days if the poison is used as a bait when
combined with a food item. Thus, the chemical reaction that occurs within the insect's
digestive system is crucial to the success of this natural insecticide.
How many mixture of baking soda and sugar will work as an insecticide?

In a small dish, combine equal parts baking soda and sugar. The bowl can be
placed close to any areas of your home where roaches are known to congregate or where
they are infested. After some time, all you need to do is tidy up the dead roaches. Killing
cockroach with baking soda is only addresses roaches that can be seen, but not sufficient
enough to get rid of cockroaches with a higher level of infestation(C. Ivyanno, 2019).
As the baking soda gas expands, it will push up against the roach’s exoskeleton,
which is hard and unyielding. The roach's rigid, unyielding shell will be pushed against
as the baking soda gas expands. It will crush the organs. The roach's exoskeleton will
break apart as the gas heats up and expands. He also states that it is possible that a roach
are unlikely to survive for more than a few hours. The cockroach may become immobile
even if the baking soda only causes minor harm. Its neurological system and internal
organs will be damaged, which will cause it to lose balance and fall onto its back. It
means that when cockroaches consume even small amount of baking soda, it will have
an effect on their body(A. Jack, 2023).
Numerous treatments have been attempted in an attempt to manage the prevalent
pest species of cockroaches, which are hardy and prolific breeders. While commonplace
compounds like baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) have been proposed, their efficacy
has not been proven. According to a Purdue University study, the most prevalent
cockroaches in the US, Australia, and Europe have the ability to "cross resist" a variety
of pesticides. This went against earlier theories that said animals might become resistant
to a single chemical at a time. The authors proposed that a variety of additional
strategies, including traps and improved sanitation, will be required in place of the broad
range of chemical pesticides that are currently used to manage cockroaches.

According to Public-Health Pest Control, cockroaches can also be trapped in a
deep jar with smooth walls that has been baited with food and placed so they can access
the opening, such as by constructing an outside ramp out of card or twigs. While
chemical control methods may vary with different species of cockroaches, insecticidal
baits have proven quite effective in the control of cockroach pests. Placing bait correctly
requires exact targeting of specific cockroach pests. Baits can be positioned exactly
where they work best for German and American cockroaches, particularly in regions
used for foraging and harborage. To achieve best exposure, baits such as insecticidal
paste and gel formulations are used in crack and fissure treatments.
SOP 2: What steps are required in using a mixture of baking soda and sugar to
serve as insecticide for American cockroach?
There are such requirements in order to use the mixture of baking soda and sugar
as an alternative insecticide for cockroaches. As we can use sugar to mask the unpleasant
smell of baking soda, it makes it more easy for the cockroaches to be attracted to the
bait. If you know where the cockroaches are, be sure to remember the location – David
Floyd.
The first step is to ready the main things, sugar and baking soda. Afterwards is to
locate the areas where we will be placing the mixture as our repellant. Mix equal parts of
baking soda and white granulated sugar, advises the article, "10 Uses for Baking Soda"
on This Old House. Steve Tvedten, who holds certifications in pest management,
suggests adding powdered yeast or powdered vitamin C to the mixture -- 45 percent

baking soda, 45 percent sugar and 10 percent powdered yeast. If the sugar is mixed in
thoroughly, roaches will be unable to tell the two scents apart (J. Andersen, 2023).
Alternatively, take 2 teaspoons of sugar and 2 teaspoons of baking soda, thoroughly
blend these ingredients together in a small plastic containers, used jar lids or small plates
and position these wherever you have spotted roaches, such as under your kitchen sink
or in the garden. Cockroaches like to hide in dark corners, so place your bait underneath
kick plates, behind electrical outlets and around plumbing pipes, advises the article
"Cockroaches" by Evergreen Pest Control.
In the easiest way to understand, take equal parts of baking soda and a pinch of
sugar in a shallow bowl, then place it near to the cockroach-infested areas or in where
roaches are usually roaming at your house (I. Canny, 2019).This is a process that will
take weeks. But it’s worth the wait. You will notice the results as time goes on. Keep in
mind that you will not be harming your pets or any members of your household. That’s
because you’re using natural ingredients instead of Leave pesticides or harmful
chemicals. If there is one safe way to kill cockroaches without the harmful chemicals,
using baking soda and sugar might just be what you’re looking for. Plus, it won’t cost
you a lot of money either. You’d be surprised what a low-budget cockroach killer can do
for you.
SOP 3: How effective does the combination of baking soda with sugar works as an
Cockroaches are trapped by their own exoskeletons

According to the International Journal Advanced Research, baking soda kills
cockroaches within 12-24 hours. The average is about 15 hours. This depends on how
much baking soda the roach ate, how close it is to water, when it drinks and how
hydrated the roach is.
Roaches die after consuming baking soda because it causes them to explode.
While it may not be a gory explosion, it will still crush their internal organs and crack
their exoskeleton (J. Andersen, 2023). The effectiveness of the combination of baking
soda with sugar works as an insecticide for cockroaches is due to the chemical
compounds of the baking soda. As the baking soda expands when it touches water or
most other liquids because sodium bicarbonate will respond to water by creating a
carbonic acid reaction. This happens in an instant and then quickly snowballs into an
exothermic heat reaction. In other words, it turns into a gas at a rapid pace so quickly
that it even generates some heat, if cockroaches eat baking soda, this reaction happens
within their body, which is encased in an exoskeleton. Roaches don’t have a skeleton
surrounded by flesh and tissue. So, they cannot expand and stretch when they need to.
All of their organs are kept within this outer shell. The exoskeleton makes cockroaches
very durable against outside damage. Damage from within means that there’s no means
of escape. As the baking soda gas expands, it will push up against the roach’s
exoskeleton, which is hard and unyielding. This will crush the organs. As the gas
continues to heat up and expand, it will crack the roach’s exoskeleton.
Sugar acts an attraction to the cockroaches due to it’s glucose and cellulose scent,
which masks the unpleasant taste and odor of the baking soda to the cockroaches. This
allows you to draw in the roaches and hide the white poison lurking beneath. According

to the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, trapping is one of the most effective
cockroach-killing methods. If the poison is matched to a food item as a lure, roaches in
the area may die within 10 days. The baking soda can only activate and become deadly
with water. So, if the roach is dehydrated or hasn’t recently drank water, there will be a
delay. Even if the baking soda activates right away, the roach may not immediately die.
A well-hydrated cockroach will die faster
According to David Floyd, a certified Structural Pest Control Operator in the state
of North Carolina, and the owner of NC Pest Control Experts pest control company,
baking soda can kill roaches, but in order to do so, the roaches have to eat the baking
soda mixture, and once they consume water the baking soda reacts with the water
creating gas in their stomachs, which kills them. Baking soda can kill cockroaches
around 12 to 24 hours after initial consumption. There are several factors that will play a
role. These include how hydrated the cockroach is, its proximity to water, how much
baking soda it has consumed, and when it drinks water. A well-hydrated cockroach will
die faster. Therefore, the baking soda is not an instant roach killer. Even if it deals with a
cracked exoskeleton, a cockroach may stay alive for an additional several hours (or even
days). At some point, it will die either by starvation or by predators. You don’t have to
leave the roach where it lays. Taking it outside and placing it in an area where known
cockroach eaters are around may be the best solution.
Sugar has low water content. This will be ideal if you’re looking to mix
something with baking soda. Plus, roaches won’t even notice the baking soda being
mixed into the sugar. If you mix the two together, this might be enough for the roaches

to consume in a short amount of time. Unbeknownst to them, they’re eating their last
meal. They will not eat baking soda alone, so mixing it with foods that a roach will say
yes to will be even better. The texture of the baking soda will cause the exoskeleton to
crack with ease. Roaches are encased by it. It will not stretch or expand. When the
exoskeleton is breaking apart, their internal organs are getting crushed at the same time.
A cockroach will have no chance of escaping their shell. Their fate is sealed and they’ll
die within hours.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter covers an overview of the research methods employed in the study.
It contains the chosen research design and discusses the rationale behind this selection.
Furthermore, it described the population, including the inclusion criteria and the

sampling method that was used to select participants. The instrument for data collection
was also explained, along with the data-gathering procedures that were followed in
conducting the study. Finally, the chapter discussed the statistical treatment that was
applied to analyze the collection data.
VIII. Research Design
A True Experimental method is an experiment conducted to prove or disprove a
cause-and-effect relationship between two variables. A true experimental method must
include a control group and at least one experimental group that are randomly assigned
and a researcher-manipulated variable. (Study.com). (“True Experiment | Definition,
Components & Examples”)
The researchers will be using a True Experimental Research Design because
this study will depend on the experimental process through the use of Sodium
bicarbonate (baking soda) and Sucrose (sugar) mixture as an alternative insecticide for
Periplaneta americana (American Cockroach). As the mixture of Sodium bicarbonate
and Sucrose fits as an alternative insecticide on American cockroaches, there are still
some challenges and difficulties in terms of quality, effects, and accuracy. This research
design will help the researchers to evaluate and assess the outcome of the experiment.
Experimental design is a systematic and controlled research technique that aims to
maximize accuracy and enable inference about hypotheses (S. Bell, in International
Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 2009).
IX. Population and Sampling Technique

The population of this study consists of Periplaneta Americana (American
Cockroach). The researchers decided to employ a sampling size of 15 cockroaches that
came from Blattella, which is a genus of wild cockroaches found widespread in the
family Ectobiidae. The researchers chose it as a subject so that it would also correspond
to the study’s goal. This study will use the purposive sampling that will be conducted.
X. Description of the Subject
American cockroaches are nocturnal insects that hide during the day and eat
leftover food at night. American cockroaches are nocturnal insects, however Orkin states
that they can occasionally be seen during the day, particularly in huge populations or
after disturbances. According to Pest World, they prefer to reside in warm, humid
climates close to food and moisture sources.
XI. Research Instrument
The research instrument to be used in the study is structured observational
checklist, the following data will be gathered from the five (5) setups per treatment:
1. Hours to take effect - The researchers will collect data every three (3) hours after the
setups is completed.
2. Lifespan of the bait - The researchers will measure the life span of the bait and it's
measure after the experiment.
3. Effects to Cockroach - The researchers will observed the effects of the insecticide in
the cockroach physically.

4. Cost - The researchers will compute the cost of all the expenses during the
experiment.
XII. Statistical Treatment of Data
After the data is gathered, it will be compiled, organized and tabulated, it will be
analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in CRD. The researchers will use
one-way ANOVA because the researchers wanted to determine the effectiveness of the
different treatments of baking soda and sugar as an alternative insecticide. The following
formula will be used in solving one-way ANOVA:
SS Df MS F-Test
Between SSB= (∑ of each column) k-1 SS between F= MSbetween
no. of rows K-1 MSwithin
Within SSW= TTs – SSb n-k SS within
n-k
Total SST= ∑x² - ∑(x)² n-1
Table 1. ANOVA Formula
Where:
SSbetween = Sum of Squares Between
SSwithin = Sum of Squares Within
SST = Total Sum of Squares
dfw = Degrees of Freedom Within

dfb= Degrees of Freedom Between
dft = Total Degrees of Freedom
MSwithin = Mean Squares Within
MSbetween = Mean Squares Between
F = F-test
∑ = Sum
k = number of groups
n = number of samples
N = total number of sample size
XIII. Data Gathering and Procedures
All the data will be gathered from the five (5) setups per treatment. The
following data will be observed:
1. Hours to take effect - The researchers will collect data every three (3) hours after the
setups is completed.
2. Lifespan of the bait - The researchers will measure the life span of the bait and it's
measure after the experiment.
3. Effects to Cockroach - The researchers will observed the effects of the insecticide in
the cockroach physically.

4. Cost - The researchers will compute the cost of all the expenses during the
experiment.
The researchers will first collect 15 American Cockroach. The researchers will
then make a simple cockroach container using tupperware with 8 small holes where
different concentration of baking soda and sugar will be observed using the following
treatments:
For treatment 1, 100mg of baking soda and 100mg of sugar were mixed together.
For treatment 5, 100mg of baking soda only.
Each treatment will be labeled by the researchers and three (3) American
cockroaches will be placed for every container. After securing the cockroaches in each
container, treatments were put in their specific container and will be placed in dark area.
The researchers will finally observed each container for a total of twelve (12) hours after
the setups is completed and the researchers will collect data for every three (3) hours
using the structured observational checklist.

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MATAAS NA PAARALANG NEPTALI A.

Division of City Schools

THE EFFICACY OF SODIUM BICARBONATE (BAKING

Larido, Mary Judiel P.

Mrs. Maryann Donato Yusi

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MATHEMATICS (STEM)

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Blattodea (cockroaches), specifically Periplaneta americana (American

which leads to food poisoning, people continuously seek effective store-bought

repellants that are quite expensive.

There are some ways to eliminate Periplaneta americana (American

Most of the household owners use different pesticides such as mothballs in

repelling Periplaneta americana (American Cockroach) in their houses without even

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MATHEMATICS (STEM)

illness and diseases.

repellent to Periplaneta americana (American Cockroach). The use of Sodium

to determine its effectiveness as a nontoxic bait to kill Periplaneta americana (American

Cockroach) for a cheap, environment-friendly, and naturally effective way.

II. Statement of the Problem

(sugar) mixture can be an alternative insecticide for Periplaneta americana (American

Cockroach). Specifically, it intends to answer the following questions

insecticide for American cockroach?

insecticide for American cockroach?

insecticide for American cockroach?

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MATHEMATICS (STEM)

Ho: There is no significant difference on using the combination of Sodium bicarbonate

(baking soda) and Sucrose (sugar) as an alternative insecticide for Periplaneta

americana (American Cockroach).

IV. Scope and Limitation

The research study entitled “THE EFFICACY OF SODIUM BICARBONATE

(BAKING SODA) AND SUCROSE (SUGAR) MIXTURE AS AN ALTERNATIVE

INSECTICIDE” focuses on studying the efficacy of the mixture; sodium bicarbonate

sodium bicarbonate and sucrose can be an alternative insecticide for Periplaneta

americana (American Cockroach).

needed to work as an alternative insecticide for house cockroaches specifically American

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MATHEMATICS (STEM)

outcome that benefits the community.

V. Significance of the Study

of Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and Sucrose (sugar) mixture as an alternative

insecticide for Periplaneta americana (American Cockroach). It specifically benefits the

and various diseases.

contribute to the economy.

of food contamination and cases of existing diseases brought by cockroaches.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MATHEMATICS (STEM)

the field in a meaningful way.

VI. Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Compounds for Mixing Sodium Potential

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MATHEMATICS (STEM)

FIGURE 1. Research Paradigm

bicarbonate (baking soda) and Sucrose (sugar) as an alternative insecticide for

compounds for alternative cockroach insecticide, specifically Sodium bicarbonate

interpreting it with statistical treatment.

soda) and Sucrose (sugar) mixture as an alternative insecticide for Periplaneta

input undergoing the process.

VII. Definition of Terms

burning fossil fuels.

Diseases – A pathologic condition in which the normal functioning of an organism or

body is impaired or disrupted, resulting in extreme pain, dysfunction, distress, or death.

headache, extreme weakness, seizures, and/or death and loss of consciousness.

Nontoxic – Aren't poisonous, they don't harm the environment.

Periplaneta americana – The Periplaneta americana (American cockroach) is the

largest of the common peridomestic cockroaches, measuring on average 4 cm in length.