TUDOR ENGLAND

HOUSE OF TUDOR

HENRY VII &

Elisabeth of York
1485-1509

Margaret &
HENRY VIII
James IV Stuart
1509-1547
King of Scotland

MARY ELIZABETH
EDWARD VI James V
1547-1553 1553-1558 Scotland
1558-1603

Mary Stuart

HOUSE OF STUART
JAMES I /
VI OF SCOTLAND 1603-1625
 HENRY VII
HIS IMPORTANCE IN BRITISH HISTORY
• HE ESTABLISHED A NEW MONARCHY
• HE BASED ROYAL POWER ON MONEY: THUS HE:
– KEPT GOOD RELATION WITH MERCHANTS
– AVOIDED (PROFITLESS) WARS
• HE CREATED NEW NOBILITY AND STATESMEN
– HE FORBADE THEM TO KEEP ARMED MEN
• HE ENCORAGED:
• “FINES” AS PUNISHMENT
– BUILDING OF SHIPS  FUTURE WEALTH

CONSEQUENCIES OF HIS POLICY

• HE MADE THE CROWN FINANTIALLY INDEPENDENT
• HE HAD MORE POWER AND MONEY THAN EARLIER KINGS
HENRY VIII HIS IMPORTANCE IN BRITISH
HISTORY
• HE WANTED TO BE AN
INFLUENCE IN EUROPE.
PROBLEM:
– SPAIN AND FRANCE WERE
MORE POWERFUL
• HE SPENT THE TREASURE:
– KEEPING A MAGNIFICENT
COURT
– ON WARS
• HE NEEDED MONEY
• THE REFORMATION
 HENRY VIII:
THE REFORMATION
ECONOMIC REASONS
HENRY DISLIKE POWER OF THE
CHURCH IN ENGLAND:
– The church was a huge
landowner
– Monasteries were unpopular:
• Monks led a wealthy
(unreligious) life
– He could not control it:
• it was an international
organization
– Taxes paid to church reduced
his income
 HENRY VIII:
THE REFORMATION
PERSONAL REASONS
• He had married Catherine of
Aragon (his sister-in-law):
– they had a daughter (Mary),
but no son
• He wanted to divorce:
Problem:
– Roman church controlled by
Charles V (nephew of
Catherine)
– Pope forbade divorce
 HENRY VIII:
THE REFORMATION

POLITICAL REASONS
He broke with Roman
church by forcing:
• The bishops to make him
Head of the Church in
England
• Parliament passed Act of
Supremacy (law)
• He divorced and married
Ann Boleyn
 HENRY VIII:
THE REFORMATION
REFORMATION WAS PURELY
POLITICAL, NOT RELIGIOUS IN
ORIGIN
• Henry VIII wanted to control
church power and money
• Through several acts of
parliament England became
politically protestant
• Catholicism was permitted and
was popular
• He closed numerous
monasteries and:
– Took their money
– Sold their lands to
landowners and merchants
– Monasteries became a ruin
 PRACTICE
READ
• Sheep, enclosure and social change (excerpt
from Thomas More’s Utopia).
• On Scotland: various excepts, such as The Wild
Scots: Feared, Fired and Cleared (excerpt from
John Major’s Historia Majoris Britanniae tam
Angliae quam Scotiae -Translated).
 KING AT 9
• Being a child,
EDWARD VI • the country was ruled by Council:
– formed by new nobility (created by
the Tudors)
– his uncle Edward Seymour was
named Lord Protector

PROTESTANT ZEAL
• Protestants: enriched with sale of
monastery lands.
• Book of Common Prayer: New
(Protestant) Prayer book introduced
in church.

LORD NORTHUMBERLAND AS NEW

LORD PROTECTOR
• He aimed to secure Protestant
uniformity
• He ordered churches to be stripped
of all traditional Catholic symbolism
– resulting in the simplicity often seen
in Church of England churches today.
MARY I A troubled queen's reign
• Strict Catholic
 Supported by Catholics
angered with greed
Protestants
• Two mistakes:
to marry Philip II  after
consulting Parliament
• Ordinary people disliked this
marriage
to burn many Protestants
 ELIZABETH I

• Was a Protestant
• Wanted peace between
Catholics and Protestants
• Wanted England to be prosperous
• Made the church part of state machine by:
– Enforcing people going to church on Sundays
(compulsory)
– Reading the book of sermons in church
 ELIZABETH I’S FOREIGN POLICY
ELIZABETH based power
on trade
Rival trade countries = England’s
enemies: Spain
• Helped Dutch Protestants against
Spain: with money, soldiers and
allowed the use of English harbours
to attack Spanish ships in the
Channel.
• English ships attacked Spanish ships
returning from America with gold
and silver, sharing the treasure with
the Queen: Pirates Hawkins, Drake,
…
• Filip II decided to invade England
with the Armada, but failed.
 ELIZABETH I’S FOREIGN POLICY
ELIZABETH based power on trade
Encouraged traders to create
colonies:
• First colonists to Virginia (Sir
Walter Raleigh).
• Beginning of West African slaves
trade.
• Established “Chartered”
companies (monopolio ):
– a right to all business in a
particular trade or region:
• in return, part of its profit was
given to the crown.
– East India Company traded
India’s spices:
• conflict with Dutch traders led to
three wars.