CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

PARTS
A. Introduction
B. Statement of the Problem
C. Scope and Limitations
D. Significance of the Study
E. Definition of Terms
 Introduction
◦ establishes the cognitive setting of the research
and it revolves
(a) discussed why there is a need to study the
problem,
(b) clarifies the important terminologies for the
reader to easily understand what the research
is about, and
(c) establishes the degree of seriousness of the
problem which has prompted the researcher to
look for solutions
INTRODUCTION (STRUCTURE)
◦Background Information/ Overview
◦The Knowledge Gap
◦Purpose in Conducting the Study
INTRODUCTION (STRUCTURE)
Background Information/ Overview
◦ A statement or question that reflects the
topic and the problems explored in the
study. Use Key words from the title
INTRODUCTION (STRUCTURE)
◦ the setting of the research problem - the
place where the research is conducted
◦ focus on the peculiarity or uniqueness of the setting
to make the reader more interested

Example: if the setting is a school, discuss its

vision-mission, special clientele, etc.
INTRODUCTION (STRUCTURE)
◦The Knowledge Gap
◦ Too little information are available
◦ Conflicting information/studies that impede
deeper understanding of the topic
▪ Global, National and Local Literature and Studies
▪ Statistics and other pertinent data are helpful
INTRODUCTION (STRUCTURE)
Explanation why this gap should be
filled-in
◦ description the existing and prevailing problem
solution.
◦ sharing with the beneficiaries the reasons why
the researcher has decided to look for solutions
to the problem
INTRODUCTION (STRUCTURE)
Purpose/Objective of the Study
•Derived from the general statement of
the problem
•He/she must know how the research
findings will help his/her beneficiaries
STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
Parts
General Statement of the Problem
(Statement of Purpose)
Specific Statement of the Problem /Sub-
questions (Research Questions)
General Statement of the Problem
(Statement of Purpose)
The purpose of this basic interpretive
qualitative research is to _______
(understand, describe, develop, discover) the
_____ (central phenomenon of the study) for
______ (the participants) at _____ (the site).
At this stage in the research, the ____ (central
phenomenon) will be generally defined as the
positive and negative experiences of the
participants including their reasons and
achievements in their career.
Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this basic interpretive
qualitative research is to understand the
experiences of G11 students of Rogationist
College on having the Online classes . At this
stage in the research, the experiences will be
generally defined as the positive and
negative experiences of the participants
including their learnings, insights,
achievements, difficulties and adjustments
they have made.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Specifically, the researchers will try to answer
the following questions:
1. What are the experiences of….. In terms of :
1.1…?
1.2
2. How did they deal with…?
3. What are their learning or insights about
their experiences?
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
OF THE STUDY
 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF
THE STUDY
Scope
◦ The coverage of the study
◦ How far the research has explored

Limitations
◦ Problems or circumstances that may arise which
cannot be controlled by the researcher
◦ Restriction on methodology and conclusions
◦ Anything that may affect the result of the study
SCOPE (C0NTENT)
◦ General purpose of the study
◦ Subject matter and topics
discussed in the study
◦ Locale, population, period of
the study
LIMITATIONS (CONTENT)
◦Limitations/restrictions in concise terms
◦Reason why such limitations exists and
could not be overcome using the methods
chosen (cite studies that had similar
problems)
◦Impact of such limitations in relation to the
overall findings and conclusions of the
study and may need further research
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
◦ Definition
◦Identifies the specific beneficiaries and
the benefits that they will get when the
problem is solved
◦Always refers to the Research Title
◦“What are the benefits or advantages of
the study based on the SOP?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Format
◦ Paragraph
◦ Enumerated

STYLE
◦ Hierarchy (Position)
◦ Importance (most to the least benefited)
DEFINITION OF
TERMS
DEFINITION OF TERMS
◦ Contains the alphabetical list of important
terms or acronyms especially jargons or
ambiguous terms used in special way.
◦ Only words/phrases that have special
meanings are defined
◦ Terms are clarified for the readers to fully
understand the research paper
DEFINITION OF TERMS
2 Types
1. Conceptual/Theoretical Definition
◦ Basic dictionary or universal meaning
◦ Ex: Nose bleed- oozing of blood from the nose
2. Operational Definition
◦ how the term is applied/used in the study
◦ Ex: Nose bleed. This term is usually used by Filipinos
when they experience difficulty in speaking and
understanding the English language (Talatala, 2002).
DEFINITION OF TERMS
What to Define?
◦Important Words/terms in the Title
◦Technical terms applied/used
◦Words used for treatment or
measurement or analysis of data
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Tips
1. Use conceptual, operational or both, whichever
is necessary/applicable
2. Cite sources when using conceptual definition
3. When using Acronyms, spell them out (give the
meaning of each letter) before giving the
definition.
4. Definitions should be short, clear and definite.