As Book 1 2008 Till 2020

Physical
Quantities and
Units
PHYSICS 9702/01
Paper 1 Multiple Choice May/June 2008
1 hour
Additional Materials:
1 Five energies are listed.
5 kJ
5 mJ
5 MJ
5 nJ
Starting with the smallest first, what is the order of increasing magnitude of these energies?
A 5 kJ → 5 mJ → 5 MJ → 5 nJ
B 5 nJ → 5 kJ → 5 MJ → 5 mJ
C 5 nJ → 5 mJ → 5 kJ → 5 MJ
D 5 mJ → 5 nJ → 5 kJ → 5 MJ
2 Which of the following correctly expresses the volt in terms of SI base units?
A AΩ
B W A–1
C kg m2 s–1 A–1
D kg m2 s–3 A–1
3 What is a reasonable estimate of the average kinetic energy of an athlete during a 100 m race
that takes 10 s?
A 40 J B 400 J C 4000 J D 40 000 J
4 The resistance R of a resistor is determined by measuring the potential difference V across it and
the current I in it. The value of R is then calculated using the equation
R= V .
I
The values measured are V = 1.00 ± 0.05 V and I = 0.50 ± 0.01 A.
What is the percentage uncertainty in the value of R ?
A 2.5 % B 3.0 % C 7.0 % D 10.0 %

5 Four students each made a series of measurements of the acceleration of free fall g. The table
shows the results obtained.
Which set of results could be described as precise but not accurate?
g / m s–2
A 9.81 9.79 9.84 9.83

B 9.81 10.12 9.89 8.94
C 9.45 9.21 8.99 8.76
D 8.45 8.46 8.50 8.41
9702/01
PHYSICS
May/June 2009
Paper 1 Multiple Choice
1 hour
1 Which statement, involving multiples and sub-multiples of the base unit metre (m), is correct?
A 1 pm = 10–9 m
B 1 nm = 10–6 m
C 1 mm = 106 µm
D 1 km = 106 mm
2 The diagram shows a resultant force and its horizontal and vertical components.
vertical
component
resultant
θ
horizontal
component
The horizontal component is 20.0 N and θ = 30°. What is the vertical component?
A 8.7 N B 10.0 N C 11.5 N D 17.3 N

3 The diagram shows the stem of a Celsius thermometer marked to show initial and final
temperature values.
initial final
temperature temperature
–10 –5 0 +5 +10 +15
What is the temperature change expressed to an appropriate number of significant figures?
A 14 °C B 20.5 °C C 21 °C D 22.0 °C
4 The diagrams show digital voltmeter and analogue ammeter readings from a circuit in which
electrical heating is occurring.
0.4 0.6
0.8
0.2
mV
A
1.0
0
What is the electrical power of the heater?
A 0.53 W B 0.58 W C 530 W D 580 W
Space for working

PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
1 The SI unit for potential difference (the volt) is given, in base units, by
A kg m A–1 s–3.
B m2 A–1 s–2.
C kg m2 s–2.
D kg m2 A–1 s–3.
2 The product of pressure and volume has the same SI base units as
A energy.
B force.
C force .
area
D force .
length
3 An ion is accelerated by a series of electrodes in a vacuum. A graph of the power supplied to the
ion is plotted against time.
What is represented by the area under the graph between two times?
A the change in kinetic energy of the ion

B the average force on the ion
C the change in momentum of the ion
D the change in velocity of the ion
Space for working

4 The diagram shows a square-wave trace on the screen of a cathode-ray oscilloscope. A grid of
1 cm squares covers the screen. The time-base setting is 10 ms cm–1.
1 cm
1 cm
What is the approximate frequency of the square wave?
A 70 Hz B 140 Hz C 280 Hz D 1400 Hz
Space for working

6 A student finds the density of a liquid by measuring its mass and its volume. The following is a
summary of his measurements.
mass of empty beaker = (20 ± 1) g mass of beaker
+ liquid = (70 ± 1) g
volume of liquid = (10.0 ± 0.6) cm3
He correctly calculates the density of the liquid as 5.0 g cm–3. What is the
uncertainty in this value?
A 0.3 g cm–3 B 0.5 g cm–3 C 0.6 g cm–3

A micrometer screw gauge is used to measure the diameter of a copper wire.
D 2.6 g cm–3
The reading with the wire in position is shown in diagram 1. The wire is removed and the jaws of
the micrometer are closed. The new reading is shown in diagram 2.
7
15 20
10 15
0 5 0 10
diagram 1 diagram 2
What is the diameter of the wire?
A 1.90 mm B 2.45 mm C 2.59 mm D 2.73 mm
Space for working

9702/11
PHYSICS May/June 2010
Paper 1 Multiple Choice 1 hour
A kg m A–1 s–3.
B m2 A–1 s–2.
C kg m2 s–2.
D kg m2 A–1 s–3.
A energy.
B force.
C force .
area
D force .
length

Space for working

PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
1 A micrometer screw gauge is used to measure the diameter of a copper wire.
The reading with the wire in position is shown in diagram 1. The wire is removed and the
jaws of the micrometer are closed. The new reading is shown in diagram 2.
1 2
5
1 0
1
0 0
5 0 5
1
0
diagram diagram
1 2
What is the diameter of the
wire?
A 1.90 mm B 2.45 C 2.59 D 2.73
mm mm mm
2 The SI unit for potential difference (the volt) is given, in base
units, by
A kg m A–1 s–
3
B m. 2 A–1 s–2.
C kg m2 s–2.
D kg m2 A–1 s–
3 A student finds the density of a liquid by measuring its mass and its volume. The following is a
summary of his measurements.
mass of empty beaker = (20 ± 1) g
mass of beaker + liquid = (70 ± 1) g
volume of liquid = (10.0 ± 0.6) cm3
He correctly calculates the density of the liquid as 5.0 g cm–3.
What is the uncertainty in this value?
A 0.3 g cm–3 B 0.5 g cm–3 C 0.6 g cm–3 D 2.6 g cm–3

Space for working

1 cm
1 cm
A 70 Hz B 140 Hz C 280 Hz D 1400 Hz
Space for working

PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour
A energy.
B force.
C force .
area
D force .
length
2 A vector quantity V is resolved into two perpendicular components X and Y. The angle between V
and component X is θ.
Y
X
The angle between component X and the vector V is increased from 0° to 90°.
How do the magnitudes of X and Y change as the angle θ is increased in this way?
1 cm
1 cm
A 70 Hz B 140 Hz C 280 Hz D 1400 Hz
15 20
10 15
0 5 0 10
diagram 1 diagram 2
A 1.90 mm B 2.45 mm C 2.59 mm D 2.73 mm
Space for working

7
A kg m A–1 s–3.
B m2 A–1 s–2.
C kg m2 s–2.
D kg m2 A–1 s–3.
PHYSICS 9702/11
Paper 1 Multiple Choice October/November 2010
1 hour
2 A metal sphere of radius r is dropped into a tank of water. As it sinks at speed v, it experiences a
drag force F given by F = kr v, where k is a constant.
What are the SI base units of k ?
A kg m2 s–1 B kg m–2 s–2 C kg m–1 s–1 D kg m s–2
3 Which physical quantity would result from a calculation in which a potential difference is multiplied
by an electric charge?
A electric current
B electric energy
C electric field strength
D electric power
4 The angular deflection of the needle of an ammeter varies with the current passing through the
ammeter as shown in the graph.
angular
deflection
0
0
current
Which diagram could represent the appearance of the scale on this meter?
A B
2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 4 5 6 7
8 2 3 8
9 01 9
C D
6 7 8
9 5 9
1 2 3 456 7 8 2 3
4
0 0 1
5 The diagram shows a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) being used to measure the rate of rotation
of a flywheel.
flywheel
10 cm
M coil
The flywheel has a small magnet M mounted on it. Each time the magnet passes the coil, a
voltage pulse is generated, which is passed to the c.r.o. The display of the c.r.o. is 10 cm wide.
The flywheel is rotating at a rate of about 3000 revolutions per minute.
Which time-base setting will display clearly separate pulses on the screen?
A 1 s cm–1 B 10 ms cm–1 C 100 µs cm–1 D 1 µs cm–1
6 A fixed quantity x0 is measured many times in an experiment that has experimental uncertainty. A
graph is plotted to show the number n of times that a particular value x is obtained.
Which graph could be obtained if the measurement of x0 has a large systematic error but a small
random error?
A B
n n
0 0
x0 x x0 x
C D
n n
0 0
x0 x x0 x
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
A micrometer screw gauge is used to measure the diameter of a copper wire.

1
15 20
10 15
0 5 0 10
diagram 1 diagram 2
A 1.90 mm B 2.45 mm C 2.59 mm D 2.73 mm
A kg m A–1 s–3.
B m2 A–1 s–2.
C kg m2 s–2.
D kg m2 A–1 s–3.
Space for working

PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
1 Decimal sub-multiples and multiples of units are indicated using a prefix to the unit. For example,
the prefix milli (m) represents 10–3.
Which row gives the sub-multiples or multiples represented by pico (p) and giga (G)?
pico (p) giga (G)
A 10–9 109
B 10–9 1012
C 10–12 109
D 10–12 1012
2 Which definition is correct and uses only quantities rather than units?
A Density is mass per cubic metre.

B Potential difference is energy per unit current.
C Pressure is force per unit area.
D Speed is distance travelled per second.
3 A force of 5.0 N pushes a ball due north and another force of 3.0 N pushes it due east.
5.0 N
3.0 N
What is the magnitude of the net force acting on the ball?
A 2.8 N B 4.0 N C 5.8 N D 8.0 N

4 The diagram shows a trace of a wave on a cathode-ray oscilloscope.
The vertical and horizontal gridlines have a spacing of 1.0 cm. The voltage scaling is 4 V cm–1 and
the time scaling is 5 ms cm–1.
1 cm
1 cm
What are the amplitude and period of the wave?
amplitude / V perio / ms
A 1.5
.
B 5.0
.0
C 6.0
.0
D 12.0
2.
5 The diagram shows an experiment to measure the speed of a small ball falling at constant speed
through a clear liquid in a glass tube.
1.50 s 115 mm
3.50 s 385 mm
There are two marks on the tube. The top mark is positioned at 115 ± 1 mm on the adjacent rule
and the lower mark at 385 ± 1 mm. The ball passes the top mark at 1.50 ± 0.02 s and passes the
lower mark at 3.50 ± 0.02 s.
−
The constant speed of the ball is calculated by 385 115 = 270 = 135 mm s–1.
3.50 − 1.50 2.00
Which expression calculates the fractional uncertainty in the value of this speed?
A 2 + 0.04
270 2.00
B 2 – 0.04
270 2.00
C 1 × 0.02
270 2.00
D 1 ÷ 0.02
270 2.00
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
1 Stress has the same SI base units as
A force .
mass
B force .
length
C force .
area
D energy.
2 To check calculations, the units are put into the following equations together with the numbers.
Which equation must be incorrect?
A force = 300 J / 6 m
B power = 6000 J × 20 s
C time = 6 m / 30 m s–1
D velocity = 4 m s–2 × 30 s
3 In making reasonable estimates of physical quantities, which statement is not correct?
A The frequency of sound can be of the order of GHz.

B The wavelength of light can be of the order of 600 nm.
C The Young modulus can be of the order of 1011 Pa.
D Beta radiation is associated with one unit of negative charge.
4 The uncertainty in the value of the momentum of a trolley passing between two points X and Y
varies with the choice of measuring devices.
Measurements for the same trolley made by different instruments were recorded.
1 distance between X and Y using a metre rule with cm divisions = 0.55 m

2 distance between X and Y using a metre rule with mm divisions = 0.547 m
3 timings using a wristwatch measuring to the nearest 0.5 s at X = 0.0 s and at Y = 4.5 s
4 timings using light gates measuring to the nearest 0.1 s at X = 0.0 s and at Y = 4.3 s
5 mass of trolley using a balance measuring to the nearest g = 6.4 × 10–2 kg
6 mass of trolley using a balance measuring to the nearest 10 g = 6 × 10–2 kg
Which measurements, one for each quantity measured, lead to the least uncertainty in the value
of the momentum of the trolley?
A 1, 3 and 6 B 1, 4 and 6 C 2, 3 and 6 D 2, 4 and 5

5 The time-base on a cathode-ray oscilloscope is set at 6 ms / cm.
A trace consisting of two pulses is recorded as shown in the diagram.
2.5 cm
4.5 cm
What is the time interval between the two pulses?
A 0.42 ms B 0.75 ms C 1.33 ms D 27 ms

PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour
2 Decimal sub-multiples and multiples of units are indicated using a prefix to the unit. For example,
the prefix milli (m) represents 10–3.
Which row gives the sub-multiples or multiples represented by pico (p) and giga (G)?
pico (p) giga (G)
A 10–9 109
B 10–9 1012
C 10–12 109
D 10–12 1012

1.50 s 115 mm
3.50 s 385 mm
−
3.50 − 1.50 2.00
A 2 + 0.04
270 2.00
B 2 – 0.04
270 2.00
C 1 × 0.02
270 2.00
D 1 ÷ 0.02
270 2.00
5 The diagram shows a trace of a wave on a cathode-ray oscilloscope.
The vertical and horizontal gridlines have a spacing of 1.0 cm. The voltage scaling is 4 V cm–1 and
the time scaling is 5 ms cm–1.
1 cm
1 cm
What are the amplitude and period of the wave?

PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
1 Which statement using prefixes of the base unit metre (m) is not correct?
2 An Olympic athlete of mass 80 kg competes in a 100 m race.
What is the best estimate of his mean kinetic energy during the race?
A 4 × 102 J B 4 × 103 J C 4 × 104 J D 4 × 105 J
3 Which group of quantities contains only vectors?
A acceleration, displacement, speed

B acceleration, work, electric field strength
C displacement, force, velocity
D power, electric field strength, force
4 A cylindrical tube rolling down a slope of inclination θ moves a distance L in time T. The equation
relating these quantities is
 a 2 
L 3 + = QT 2 sin θ
 P 
 
Where a is the internal radius of the tube and P and Q are constants.
Which line gives the correct units for P and Q?
P Q
A m2 m2 s–2
B m2 m s–2
C m2 m3 s–2
D m3 m s–2
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
1 Which quantity can be measured in electronvolts (eV)?
A electric charge
B electric potential
C energy
D power
−3
2 What is the ratio 10 3 T Hz ?
10 kHz
A 10–9 B 10–6 C 100 D 103
3 The following physical quantities can be either positive or negative.
s : displacement of a particle along a straight line
θ : temperature on the Celsius scale

q : electric charge
V : readings on a digital voltmeter
Which of these quantities are vectors?
A s, θ, q, V B s, q, V only C θ, V only D s only
4 A micrometer is used to measure the diameters of two cylinders.
diameter of first cylinder = 12.78 ± 0.02 mm
diameter of second cylinder = 16.24 ± 0.03 mm
The difference in the diameters is calculated.
What is the uncertainty in this difference?
A ± 0.01 mm B ± 0.02 mm C ± 0.03 mm D ± 0.05 mm
5 The speedometer in a car consists of a pointer which rotates. The pointer is situated several
millimetres from a calibrated scale.
What could cause a random error in the driver’s measurement of the car’s speed?
A The car’s speed is affected by the wind direction.

B The driver’s eye is not always in the same position in relation to the pointer.
C The speedometer does not read zero when the car is at rest.
D The speedometer reads 10 % higher than the car’s actual speed.
5 The time-base on a cathode-ray oscilloscope is set at 6 ms / cm.
A trace consisting of two pulses is recorded as shown in the diagram.
2.5 cm
4.5 cm
What is the time interval between the two pulses?
A 0.42 ms B 0.75 ms C 1.33 ms D 27 ms
6 A bullet is fired horizontally with speed v from a rifle. For a short time t after leaving the rifle, the
only force affecting its motion is gravity. The acceleration of free fall is g.
the horizontal distance travelled in time t
Which expression gives the value of ?
the vertical distance travelled in time t
A vt B v C 2vt D 2v
g gt g gt
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
1 What is the unit watt in terms of SI base units?
A J s–1 B m2 kg s–1 C m2 kg s–3 D N m s–1
2 For which quantity is the magnitude a reasonable estimate?
A frequency of a radio wave 500 pHz
B mass of an atom 500 µg

C the Young modulus of a metal 500 kPa
D wavelength of green light 500 nm
3 A vector has magnitude R and perpendicular components P and Q, as shown in the diagram.
vertical component Q
θ
horizontal component P
Which row correctly describes the perpendicular components?
vertical component horizontal component
A Q R sinθ
B R cosθ P
C R cosθ R sinθ
D R sinθ R cosθ
4 The diameter of a cylindrical metal rod is measured using a micrometer screw gauge.
The diagram below shows an enlargement of the scale on the micrometer screw gauge when
taking the measurement.
40
2 3
30
0.5 mm / rev
What is the cross-sectional area of the rod?
A 3.81 mm2 B 11.4 mm2 C 22.8 mm2 D 45.6 mm2
5 A mass is dropped from rest, and falls through a distance of 2.0 m in a vacuum. An observer
records the time taken for the mass to fall through this distance using a manually operated
stopwatch and repeats the measurements a further two times. The average result of these
measured times, displayed in the table below, was used to determine a value for the acceleration
of free fall. This was calculated to be 9.8 m s–2.
first measurement second measurement third measurement average
time / s 0.6 0.73 0.59 0.64
Which statement best relates to the experiment?
A The measurements are precise and accurate with no evidence of random errors.
B The measurements are not accurate and not always recorded to the degree of precision of
the measuring device but the calculated experimental result is accurate.
C The measurements are not always recorded to the degree of precision of the measuring
device but are accurate. Systematic errors may be present.
D The range of results shows that there were random errors made but the calculated value is
correct so the experiment was successful.
6 The diagram shows two complete pulses on the screen of a cathode-ray oscilloscope. A grid of
1 cm squares covers the screen. The time-base setting is 1 µs cm–1.
1 cm
How long does each pulse last?
A 2 µs B 3 µs C 4 µs D 6 µs
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour
1 What is a reasonable estimate of the average kinetic energy of an athlete during a 100 m race
that takes 10 s?
A 40 J B 400 J C 4000 J D 40 000 J
2 When a force F moves its point of application through a displacement s in the direction of the
force, the work W done by the force is given by
W = F s.
How many vector quantities and scalar quantities does this equation contain?
A one scalar quantity and two vector quantities

B one vector quantity and two scalar quantities
C three scalar quantities
D three vector quantities
3 What is a possible unit for the product VI, where V is the potential difference across a resistor
and I is the current through the same resistor?
A newton per second (N s–1)
B newton second (N s)
C newton metre (N m)
D newton metre per second (N m s–1)
4 In an experiment, a radio-controlled car takes 2.50 ± 0.05 s to travel 40.0 ± 0.1 m.
What is the car’s average speed and the uncertainty in this value?
A 16 ± 1 m s–1
B 16.0 ± 0.2 m s–1
C 16.0 ± 0.4 m s–1
D 16.00 ± 0.36 m s–1
Space for working

5 A light-meter measures the intensity I of the light falling on it. Theory suggests that I varies
inversely as the square of the distance d.
light-meter
Which graph of the results supports this theory?
A B
I I
0
0 d 0 d
C D
I I
0
0 d2 0 1
d2
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
1 What is the unit of weight in terms of SI base unit(s)?

A kg m s–1 B kg m s–2 C N D J m–1
2 Vectors P and Q are drawn to scale.
P Q
Which diagram represents the vector (P – Q)?

A B
3 What is the approximate temperature of a red-hot ring on an electric cooker?
A 100 °C B 200 °C C 400 °C D 800 °C
4 Which list contains only scalar quantities?
A area, length, displacement

B kinetic energy, speed, power
C potential energy, momentum, time
D velocity, distance, temperature
5 The density of the material of a coil of thin wire is to be found.
Which set of instruments could be used to do this most accurately?
A metre rule, protractor, spring balance

B micrometer, metre rule, top-pan balance
C stopwatch, newton-meter, vernier calipers
D tape measure, vernier calipers, lever balance
6 A quantity X varies with temperature θ as shown.
0
0 100 °C θ
θ is determined from the corresponding values of X by using this graph.

X is measured with a percentage uncertainty of ±1 % of its value at all temperatures.
Which statement about the uncertainty in θ is correct?
A The percentage uncertainty in θ is least near 0 °C.
B The percentage uncertainty in θ is least near 100 °C.
C The actual uncertainty in θ is least near 0 °C.
D The actual uncertainty in θ is least near 100 °C.

PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
1 Which quantity has the same base units as momentum?
A density × energy
B density × volume × velocity
C pressure × area
D weight ÷ area
P Q
Which diagram represents the vector (P + Q)?
A B
C D
3 What is the approximate kinetic energy of an Olympic athlete when running at maximum speed
during a 100 m race?
A 400 J B 4000 J C 40 000 J D 400 000 J
4 Physical quantities can be classed as vectors or as scalars.
Which pair of quantities are both vectors?
A kinetic energy and elastic force

B momentum and time
C velocity and electric field strength
D weight and temperature
5 A student is given a reel of wire of diameter less than 0.2 mm and is asked to find the density of
the metal.
Which pair of instruments would be most suitable for finding the volume of the wire?
A balance and micrometer

B metre rule and micrometer
C metre rule and vernier calipers
D micrometer and vernier calipers
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour
1 The units of all physical quantities can be expressed in terms of SI base units.
Which pair contains quantities with the same base units?
A force and momentum

B pressure and Young modulus
C power and kinetic energy
D mass and weight
2 Two physical quantities P and Q are added. The sum of P and Q is R, as shown.
R
P
Which quantity could be represented by P and by Q?
A kinetic energy
B power
C speed
D velocity
3 A 1.5 V cell supplies 0.20 A to a lamp for seven hours before the lamp goes out.
What is a sensible estimate for the initial chemical energy content of the cell?
A 1 × 102 J B 1 × 104 J C 1 × 106 J D 1 × 108 J
4 Three of these quantities have the same unit.
Which quantity has a different unit?

energy
A
distance
B force
C power × time
D rate of change of momentum
5 A cathode-ray oscilloscope displays a square wave, as shown in the diagram.
The time-base setting is 0.20 ms per division.
What is the frequency of the square wave?
A 8.3 Hz B 830 Hz C 1300 Hz D 1700 Hz

PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
1 Which pair of quantities contains one vector and one scalar quantity?
A displacement; force
B kinetic energy; power
C acceleration; momentum
D velocity; distance
2 One property Q of a material is used to describe the behaviour of sound waves in the material.
Q is defined as the pressure P of the sound wave divided by the speed v of the wave and the
surface area A of the material through which the wave travels:
Q= P .
vA
What are the SI base units of Q?
A kg m2 s–3 B kg m–3 s–1 C kg m–4 s–1 D kg m–2 s–2
4 A wave has a frequency of 5 GHz.
What is the period of the wave?
A 20 000 µs
B 20 ns
C 2 ns
D 200 ps
5 In an experiment to determine the acceleration of free fall g, the period of oscillation T and length
l of a simple pendulum were measured. The uncertainty in the measurement of l is estimated to
be 4%, and the uncertainty in the measurement of T is estimated to be 1%.
The value of g is determined using the formula
4π 2l
g= .
T2
What is the uncertainty in the calculated value for g ?
A 2% B 3% C 5% D 6%
6 The Y-input terminals of a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) are connected to a supply of
amplitude 5.0 V and frequency 50 Hz. The time-base is set at 10 ms per division and the Y-gain at
5.0 V per division.
Which trace is obtained?
A B
C D
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
1 Which pair includes a vector quantity and a scalar quantity?
A displacement; acceleration
B force; kinetic energy
C power; speed
D work; potential energy
2 The unit of resistivity, expressed in terms of base units, is given by
kg x3 y–2 z–3 .
Which base units are x, y and z?
x y z
A ampere metre second

B metre ampere second
C metre second ampere
D second ampere metre
4 A student carried out an experiment in which an electric current was known to decrease with
time. The readings he found, from first to last, were 3.62 mA, 2.81 mA, 1.13 mA, 1.76 mA and
0.90 mA.
Which statement could not explain the anomalous 1.13 mA reading?
A He has reversed the third and fourth readings in the results table.
B He read the ammeter incorrectly; the reading should have been 2.13 mA.
C He took the current reading at the wrong time.
D There was a systematic error in the readings from the ammeter.
5 The diagram shows a calibration curve for a thermistor, drawn with an unusual scale on the
vertical axis.
100 000
resistance / Ω
10 000
1000
100
0 10 20 30 40 50
temperature / °C
What is the thermistor resistance corresponding to a temperature of 40 °C?
A 130 Ω B 150 Ω C 400 Ω D 940 Ω

PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour
2 What is the unit of power, expressed in SI base units?
A kg m2 s–3 B kg m s–3 C kg m s–2 D kg m2 s–1
3 Which statement is incorrect by a factor of 100 or more?
A Atmospheric pressure is about 1 × 105 Pa.
B Light takes 5 × 102 s to reach us from the Sun.
C The frequency of ultra-violet light is 3 × 1012 Hz.
D The life-span of a man is about 2 × 109 s.
5 A student takes measurements of the current in a resistor of constant resistance and the potential
difference (p.d.) across it. The readings are then used to plot a graph of current against p.d.
There is a systematic error in the current readings.
How could this be identified from the graph?
A At least one anomalous data point can be identified.

B The data points are scattered about the straight line of best fit.
C The graph is a curve, not a straight line.
D The straight line graph does not pass through the origin.
6 The diagram shows the stem of a Celsius thermometer, marked to show initial and final
temperature values.
initial final
temperature temperature
–10 –5 0 +5 +10 +15
What is the temperature change expressed to an appropriate number of significant figures?
A 14 °C B 20.5 °C C 21 °C D 22.0 °C
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
1 Which row shows an SI base quantity with its correct unit?
SI base quantity unit
A charge
harge c
B current
urrent
C potential difference volt
D temperature
emperat Celsius
2 A pendulum bob is held stationary by a horizontal force H. The three forces acting on the bob are
shown in the diagram.
30°
T
The tension in the string of the pendulum is T. The weight of the pendulum bob is W.
Which statement is correct?
A H = T cos 30°
B T = H sin 30°
C W = T cos 30°
D W = T sin 30°
3 The drag coefficient Cd is a number with no units. It is used to compare the drag on different cars
at different speeds. It is given by the equation
2F
Cd =
ρv nA
where F is the drag force on the car, ρ is the density of the air, A is the cross-sectional area of the
car and v is the speed of the car.
What is the value of n?
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
4 A signal that repeats periodically is displayed on the screen of a cathode-ray oscilloscope.
The screen has 1 cm squares and the time base is set at 2.00 ms cm–1.
What is the frequency of this periodic signal?
A 50 Hz B 100 Hz C 125 Hz D 200 Hz
5 A micrometer screw gauge is used to measure the diameter of a small uniform steel sphere. The
micrometer reading is 5.00 mm ± 0.01 mm.
What will be the percentage uncertainty in a calculation of the volume of the sphere, using these
values?
A 0.2% B 0.4% C 0.6% D 1.2%

PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour
1 Which estimate is realistic?
A The kinetic energy of a bus travelling on an expressway is 30 000 J.

B The power of a domestic light is 300 W.
C The temperature of a hot oven is 300 K.
D The volume of air in a car tyre is 0.03 m3.
2 Which unit is equivalent to the coulomb?
A ampere per second

B joule per volt
C watt per ampere
D watt per volt
3 Two forces of equal magnitude are represented by two coplanar vectors. One is directed
eastwards and the other is directed northwards.
What is the direction of a single force that will balance these two forces?
A towards the north-east

B towards the north-west
C towards the south-east
D towards the south-west
4 The spring constant k of a coiled wire spring is given by the equation
4
k = Gr 3
4nR
where r is the radius of the wire, n is the number of turns of wire and R is the radius of each of the
turns of wire. The quantity G depends on the material from which the wire is made.
What is a suitable unit for G?
A N m–2 B N m–1 C Nm D N m2
5 An uncalibrated analogue voltmeter P is connected in parallel with another voltmeter Q which is
known to be accurately calibrated. For a range of values of potential difference (p.d.), readings
are taken from the two meters.
The diagram shows the calibration graph obtained.
8
uncalibrated meter P
scale reading
6
0
0
calibrated meter Q
p.d. / V
The graph shows that meter P has a zero error. This meter is now adjusted to remove this zero
error. When the meter is recalibrated, the gradient of the calibration graph is found to be
unchanged.
What is the new scale reading on meter P when it is used to measure a p.d. of 5.0 V?
A 6.6 B 6.7 C 7.2 D 7.4

6
A student wishes to determine the density ρ of lead. She measures the mass and diameter of a
small sphere of lead:
mass = (0.506 ± 0.005) g
diameter = (2.20 ± 0.02) mm.
What is the best estimate of the percentage uncertainty in her value of ρ ?
A 1.9% B 2.0% C 2.8% D 3.7%

PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
1 Which pair of units contains one derived unit and one SI base unit?
A ampere coulomb
B kilogram kelvin
C metre second
D newton pascal
2 What is equivalent to 2000 microvolts?
A 2 µJ C–1 B 2 mV C 2 pV D 2000 mV
3 The speed v of a liquid leaving a tube depends on the change in pressure ∆P and the density ρ of
the liquid. The speed is given by the equation
 ∆P n
v = k  

 ρ 
where k is a constant that has no units.
What is the value of n ?

1 3
A 2
B 1 C 2
D 2
4 An experiment is carried out to measure the resistance of a wire.
The current in the wire is (1.0 ± 0.2) A and the potential difference across the wire is (8.0 ± 0.4) V.
What is the resistance of the wire and its uncertainty?
A (8.0 ± 0.2) Ω
B (8.0 ± 0.6) Ω
C (8 ± 1) Ω
D (8 ± 2) Ω
5 The Young modulus of the material of a wire is to be found. The Young modulus E is given by the
equation below.
4Fl
E=
πd 2 x
The wire is extended by a known force and the following measurements are made.
Which measurement has the largest effect on the uncertainty in the value of the calculated
Young modulus?
measurement symbol value
A length of wire before force applied l 2.043 ± 0.002 m

B diameter of wire d 0.54 ± 0.02 mm
C force applied F 19.62 ± 0.01 N
D extension of wire with force applied x 5.2 ± 0.2 mm
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
1 The maximum theoretical power P of a wind turbine is given by the equation
P = kρAv n
where ρ is the density of air, A is the area swept by the turbine blades, v is the speed of the air
and k is a constant with no units.
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
2 What is the unit of resistance when expressed in SI base units?
A kg m2 s–2 A–1
B kg m2 s–3 A–2
C kg m s–2 A–1
D kg m s–3 A–1
3 A cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) is connected to an alternating voltage. The following trace is

produced on the screen.
1 cm
1 cm
The oscilloscope time-base setting is 0.5 ms cm–1 and the Y-plate sensitivity is 2 V cm–1.
Which statement about the alternating voltage is correct?
A The amplitude is 3.5 cm.

B The frequency is 0.5 kHz.
C The period is 1 ms.
D The wavelength is 4 cm.
4
A quantity y is to be determined from the equation shown.
px
y=
q2
The percentage uncertainties in p, x and q are shown.
percentage
uncertainty
p 6%
x 2%
q 4%
What is the percentage uncertainty in y?
A 0.5 % B 1% C 16 % D 192 %
5 A thermometer can be read to an accuracy of ± 0.5 °C. This thermometer is used to measure a
temperature rise from 40 °C to 100 °C.
What is the percentage uncertainty in the measurement of the temperature rise?
A 0.5 % B 0.8 % C 1.3 % D 1.7 %

PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour
1 Which quantity can be measured in electronvolts (eV)?
A electric charge
B electric potential
C energy
D power
2 The unit of specific heat capacity is J kg–1 K–1.
What is its equivalent in terms of SI base units?
A kg–1 m2 K–1 B m s–1 K–1 C m s–2 K–1 D m2 s–2 K–1
3 What is the vertical component of this displacement vector?
5.0 km
37°
horizontal
A 3.0 km B 3.8 km C 4.0 km D 5.0 km
4 The resistance of a lamp is calculated from the value of the potential difference (p.d.) across it
and the value of the current passing through it.
Which statement correctly describes how to combine the uncertainties in the p.d. and in the
current?
A Add together the actual uncertainty in the p.d. and the actual uncertainty in the current.
B Add together the percentage uncertainty in the p.d. and the percentage uncertainty in the
current.
C Subtract the actual uncertainty in the current from the actual uncertainty in the p.d.
D Subtract the percentage uncertainty in the current from the percentage uncertainty in the p.d.
6 A digital caliper is used to measure the 28.50 mm width of a plastic ruler. The digital caliper reads
to the nearest 0.01 mm.
What is the correct way to record this reading?
A 0.02850 ± 0.01 m
B 0.0285 ± 0.001 m
C (2.850 ± 0.001) × 10–2 m
D ((2.85 ± 0.001) × 10–3 m

PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
2 What is equivalent to the unit of electric field strength?
A J C m–1 B N s A–1 C kg m s–3 A–1 D kg m3 s–3 A–1
3 The diagram shows the reading on an analogue ammeter.
5 10
milliamperes (mA)
0 15
Which digital ammeter reading is the same as the reading on the analogue ammeter?
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour
1 When the brakes are applied on a vehicle moving at speed v, the distance d moved by the
vehicle in coming to rest is given by the expression
d = kv 2
where k is a constant.
What is the unit of k expressed in SI base units?
A m–1 s2 B m s–2 C m2 s–2 D m–1 s
2 Which list contains one vector quantity and two scalar quantities?
A displacement, weight, velocity

B force, acceleration, time
C momentum, mass, speed
D work, density, energy
3 In the circuit shown, an analogue ammeter is to be recalibrated as a thermometer. The graph

shows how the resistance R of the thermistor changes with temperature T.
R/Ω
A
0 100
T / °C
Which diagram could represent the temperature scale on the ammeter?
A B C D
20 40 6 80 80 60 40 40 20
0 80 40 60 20 80 60
0 1 00 0 20 100
100 0 100 0
°C °C °C °C
4 The diagram shows part of a thermometer.
°C
25
20
What is the correct reading on the thermometer and the uncertainty in this reading?
uncertainty
reading / °C
in reading / °C
A 24 ±1
B 24 ±0.5
C 24 ±0.2
D 24.0 ±0.5
5 The resistance R of a resistor is to be determined. The current I in the resistor and the potential
difference V across it are measured.
The results, with their uncertainties, are
I = (2.0 ± 0.2) A V = (15.0 ± 0.5) V.
The value of R is calculated to be 7.5 Ω.
What is the uncertainty in this value for R ?
A ± 0.3 Ω B ± 0.5 Ω C ± 0.7 Ω D ±1Ω

PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
1 Which is an SI base unit?
A current
B gram
C kelvin
D volt
2 Which pair contains one vector and one scalar quantity?
A displacement acceleration
B force kinetic energy
C momentum velocity
D power speed
3 When a constant braking force is applied to a vehicle moving at speed v, the distance d moved
by the vehicle in coming to rest is given by the expression
d = kv 2
When d is measured in metres and v is measured in metres per second, the constant has a value
of k1.
What is the value of the constant when the distance is measured in metres, and the speed is
measured in kilometres per hour?
A 0.0772 k1 B 0.278 k1 C 3.60 k1 D 13.0 k1
4 A whale produces sound waves of frequency 5 Hz. The waves are detected by a microphone and
displayed on an oscilloscope.
What is the time-base setting on the oscilloscope?
A 0.1 ms div–1 B 1 ms div–1 C 10 ms div–1 D 100 ms div–1

5 The angular deflection of the needle of an ammeter varies with the current in the ammeter as
shown in the graph.
angular
deflection
0
0
current
Which diagram could represent the appearance of the scale on this meter?
A B
2 3 4 5 6 4 5 6 7
1 7 8 1 2 3 8
0 9 0 9
C D
3 456 7 4 5 6
1 2 8 2 3 7 8
0 9 01 9
6 The strain energy W of a spring is determined from its spring constant k and extension x. The
spring obeys Hooke’s law and the value of W is calculated using the equation shown.
1
W= 2
kx 2
The spring constant is 100 ± 2 N m–1 and the extension is 0.050 ± 0.002 m.
What is the percentage uncertainty in the calculated value of W ?
A 6% B 10% C 16% D 32%

PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour

2 The average kinetic energy E of a gas molecule is given by the equation
3
E= 2
kT
where T is the absolute (kelvin) temperature.
A kg–1 m–1 s2 K
B kg–1 m–2 s2 K
C kg m s–2 K–1
D kg m2 s–2 K–1
3 An analogue ammeter has a pointer which moves over a scale. Following prolonged use, the
pointer does not return fully to zero when the current is turned off and the meter has become less
sensitive at higher currents than it is at lower currents.
Which diagram best represents the calibration graph needed to obtain an accurate current
reading?
A B
scale scale
reading reading
0 0
0 true current 0 true current
C D
scale scale
reading reading
0 0
0 true current 0 true current
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour
1 Which statement includes a correct unit?
A energy = 7.8 N s
B force = 3.8 N s
C momentum = 6.2 N s
D torque = 4.7 N s
2 What is the joule (J) in SI base units?
A kg m s–1 B kg m2 s–1 C kg m s–2 D kg m2 s–2
3 The speed of an aeroplane in still air is 200 km h–1. The wind blows from the west at a speed of
85.0 km h–1.
In which direction must the pilot steer the aeroplane in order to fly due north?
A 23.0° east of north
B 23.0° west of north
C 25.2° east of north
D 25.2° west of north
4 A student is given a reel of wire of diameter less than 0.2 mm and is asked to find the density of
the metal.
Which pair of instruments would be most suitable for finding the volume of the wire?
A balance and micrometer

B metre rule and micrometer
C metre rule and vernier calipers
D micrometer and vernier calipers
5 Four different students use a ruler to measure the length of a 15.0 cm pencil. Their
measurements are recorded on four different charts.
Which chart shows measurements that are precise but not accurate?
A B C D
15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4
15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2
15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
length / cm
length / cm
length / cm
length / cm
14.8 14.8 14.8 14.8
14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6
14.4 14.4 14.4 14.4
14.2 14.2 14.2 14.2
14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0
13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8
6 In a simple electrical circuit, the current in a resistor is measured as (2.50 ± 0.05) mA. The
resistor is marked as having a value of 4.7 Ω ± 2 %.
If these values were used to calculate the power dissipated in the resistor, what would be the
percentage uncertainty in the value obtained?
A 2% B 4% C 6% D 8%
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
1 What is the unit of weight in terms of SI base unit(s)?
A kg m s–1 B kg m s–2 C N D J m–1
2 At temperatures close to 0 K, the specific heat capacity c of a particular solid is given by c = bT 3,

where T is the thermodynamic temperature and b is a constant characteristic of the solid.
The SI unit of specific heat capacity is J kg–1 K–1.
What is the unit of constant b, expressed in SI base units?
A m2 s –2 K–3
B m2 s–2 K–4
C kg m2 s–2 K–3
D kg m2 s–2 K–4
3 In making reasonable estimates of physical quantities, which statement is not correct?
A The frequency of sound can be of the order of GHz.

B The wavelength of light can be of the order of 600 nm.
C The Young modulus of a metal can be of the order of 1011 Pa.
D Beta particles are associated with one unit of negative charge.
4 A calibration graph is shown for an ammeter whose scale is inaccurate.
0.6
ammeter
reading 0.5
/ mA
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
current / mA
Two readings taken on the meter at different times during an experiment are 0.13 mA and
0.47 mA.
By how much did the current really increase between taking the two readings?
A 0.30 mA B 0.35 mA C 0.40 mA D 0.44 mA
© UCLES 2015 9702/11/O/N/15
5 Four identical rods have a square cross-section. The rods are placed side by side and their total
width is measured with vernier calipers, as shown.
vernier calipers
four square
cross-section rods
The measurement is (8.4 ± 0.1) mm and the zero reading on the calipers is (0.0 ± 0.1) mm.
What is the width of one rod?
A (2.10 ± 0.025) mm
B (2.10 ± 0.05) mm
C (2.1 ± 0.1) mm
D (2.1 ± 0.2) mm
6 A light-meter measures the intensity I of the light incident on it. Theory suggests that I varies
inversely as the square of the distance d.
light-meter
Which graph of the results supports this theory?
A B
I I
0
0 d 0 d
C D
I I
0
0 1 0 d2
d2
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
1 Which list shows increasing lengths from beginning to end?
A 1 cm 1 nm 1 mm µm
B 1 µm
m mm 1 nm cm
C 1 nm
nm µm 1 mm cm
D 1 mm
mm cm 1 µm
m nm
2 Which equation contains only scalar quantities?
A acceleration = force
mass
B power = work
time
C pressure = force
area
displacement
D velocity =
time
3 The time T taken for a satellite to orbit the Earth on a circular path is given by the equation
T 2 = kr
3
where r is the radius of the orbit, M is the mass of the Earth and k is a constant.
A kg–1 m–3 s2 B kg–1 m3 s2 C kg m–3 s2 D kg m3 s2

4 Which row gives reasonable estimates for the mass and the speed of an adult running?
mass / kg spe / m s–1
A 6 × 100 5 × 101
B 6 × 101 5 × 100
C 6 × 101 5 × 101
D 6 × 102 5 × 100
to calculate the acceleration of free fall g.
What is the best estimate of the percentage uncertainty in the value of g?
A 0.02% B 4% C 8% D 16%
6 The diagram shows two complete pulses on the screen of a cathode-ray oscilloscope. A grid of
1 cm squares covers the screen. The time-base setting is 1 µs cm–1.
1 cm
How long does each pulse last?
A 2 µs B 3 µs C 4 µs D 6 µs
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour
1 What is the unit of the Young modulus when expressed in SI base units?
A kg m–1 s–2
B kg m3 s–2
C kg m–2
D kg m–1 s–1
2 The Reynolds number R is a constant used in the study of liquids flowing through pipes. R is a
pure number with no unit.
ρvD
R=
µ
where ρ is the density of the liquid, v is the speed of the liquid and D is the diameter of the pipe
through which the liquid flows.
What are the SI base units of µ?
A kg m s B kg m–1 s C kg m s–1 D kg m–1 s–1
3 When a force F moves its point of application through a displacement s in the direction of the
force, the work W done by the force is given by
W = F s.
How many vector quantities and scalar quantities does this equation contain?
A one scalar quantity and two vector quantities

B one vector quantity and two scalar quantities
C three scalar quantities
D three vector quantities
4 Measurements are subject to systematic error and random error.
Which measurements have high accuracy and low precision?
A high random error and high systematic error

B high random error and low systematic error
C low random error and high systematic error
D low random error and low systematic error
5 The density of the material of a coil of thin wire is to be found.
Which set of instruments could be used to do this most accurately?

A metre rule, protractor, spring balance
B micrometer, metre rule, top-pan balance
C stopwatch, newton-meter, vernier calipers
D tape measure, vernier calipers, lever balance
6 A cylindrical tube rolling down a slope of inclination θ moves a distance L in time T. The equation
relating these quantities is
 a 2 
L 3 + = QT 2 sin θ
 P 
 
where a is the internal radius of the tube and P and Q are constants.
Which row gives the correct units for P and for Q?
P Q
A m2 m2 s–2
B m2 m s–2
C m2 m3 s–2
D m3 m s–2
5 A calibration graph is produced for a faulty ammeter.
1.0
ammeter
reading / A
0
0 1.0
true
current / A
Which ammeter reading will be nearest to the true current?
A 0.2 A B 0.4 A C 0.6 A D 0.8 A

PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour 15 minutes
2 Which pair of quantities do not have the same SI base units?
A electromotive force and electric potential difference

B pressure and stress
C spring constant and moment of a force
D torque and work
3 A lift is supported by two steel cables, each of length 10 m and diameter 0.5 cm.
steel
cables
10 m
NOT TO
SCALE
lift
The cables extend by 1 mm when a man of mass 80 kg steps into the lift.
What is the best estimate of the value of the Young modulus of the steel?
A 2 × 1010 N m–2
B 4 × 1010 N m–2
C 2 × 1011 N m–2
D 4 × 1011 N m–2
4 When performing an experiment, a student should minimise the uncertainty of any measurement.
In which case is the student reducing the systematic error in a measurement?
A adjusting a voltmeter needle pointer to the zero position before using it to measure a
potential difference
B measuring the diameter of a wire at several points and orientations
C measuring the mass of 100 paperclips to determine the mass of one paperclip
D timing 20 oscillations of a mass on a spring to determine the period of one oscillation
5 A calibration graph is produced for a faulty ammeter.
1.0
ammeter
reading / A
0
0 1.0
true
current / A
Which ammeter reading will be nearest to the true current?
A 0.2 A B 0.4 A C 0.6 A D 0.8 A

PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour 15 minutes
1 Which quantity with its unit is correct?
A acceleration of a bicycle = 1.4 m s–1

B electric current in a lamp = 0.25 A s–1
C electric potential difference across a battery = 8.0 J C–1
D kinetic energy of a car = 4500 N m–1
2 The luminosity L of a star is given by
L = 4πr 2σT 4
where
r is the radius of the star,

T is the temperature of the star,
σ is a constant with units W m–2 K–4.
What are the SI base units of L ?
A kg m2 s–1 B kg m2 s–2 C kg m2 s–3 D kg m2 s–4
3 The diagram shows two vectors X and Y, drawn to scale.
Y
X
If X = Y – Z, which diagram best represents the vector Z?
A B C D
4 The diagram shows a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) being used to measure the rate of rotation
of a flywheel.
flywheel
10 cm
M coil
The flywheel has a small magnet M mounted on it. Each time the magnet passes the coil, a
voltage pulse is generated, which is passed to the c.r.o. The display of the c.r.o. is 10 cm wide.
The flywheel is rotating at 3000 revolutions per minute.
Which time-base setting will display clearly separate pulses on the screen?
A 1 s cm–1 B 10 ms cm–1 C 100 µs cm–1 D 1 µs cm–1

PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour 15 minutes
1 What is the order of magnitude of the Young modulus for a metal such as copper?
A 10–11 Pa B 10–4 Pa C 104 Pa D 1011 Pa
2 The force F between two point charges q1 and q2, a distance r apart, is given by the equation
kq1q 2
F=
r2
A kg m3 s–4 A2 B kg m3 s–4 A–2 C kg m3 A2 D kg m3 A–2
What are the SI base units of γ ?
A kg m s–2 B kg s–2 C kg m s–1 D kg s–1
P Q
Which diagram represents the vector (P – Q)?
A B
5 The following trace is seen on the screen of a cathode-ray oscilloscope.
The setting of the time-base is then changed from 10 ms cm–1 to 20 ms cm–1 and the Y-plate
sensitivity remains constant.
Which trace is now seen on the screen?
A B
C D
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour 15 minutes
2 The force F between two point charges q1 and q2, a distance r apart, is given by the equation
kq1q 2
F=
r2
A kg m3 s–4 A2 B kg m3 s–4 A–2 C kg m3 A2 D kg m3 A–2
3 An aeroplane can fly at a velocity X when moving through still air. When flying in wind the
aeroplane’s velocity relative to the ground is Y.
Which vector diagram shows the magnitude and direction of the wind velocity W ?
A B C D
Y Y
W
Y
W W
X X
Y X X
W
4 A voltmeter gives readings that are larger than the true values and has a systematic error that
varies with voltage.
Which graph shows the calibration curve for the voltmeter?
A B
true 4 true 4
value / V value / V
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
0 1 3 4 0 1 3 4
meter reading / V meter reading / V
C D
true 4 true 4
value / V value / V
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
0 1 3 4 0 1 3 4
meter reading / V meter reading / V
5 A student uses a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) to measure the period of a signal. She sets the
time-base of the c.r.o. to 5 ms cm–1 and observes the trace illustrated below. The trace has a
length of 10.0 cm.
10.0 cm
What is the period of the signal?
A 7.1 × 10–6 s B 1.4 × 10–5 s C 7.1 × 10–3 s D 1.4 × 10–2 s

PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour 15 minutes
1 Concrete has a density of 2400 kg m–3.
Which mass of concrete fills a rectangular space of dimensions 8.0 cm × 90 cm × 110 cm?
A 79 kg B 190 kg C 790 kg D 1900 kg
2 The speed v of sound in a gas is given by the equation
γP
v=
ρ
where P is the pressure of the gas, ρ is its density and γ is a constant.
What are the SI base units of γ ?
A m–1 s B m3 s–3 C m–4 s–4 D no units
3 The motion of an object moving from rest with a constant acceleration a may be represented by
the equation shown.
v 2 = 2as
Which row describes the quantities represented by the symbols v and s?

4 A cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) displays a waveform as shown.
The time interval between two adjacent peaks of the waveform is 0.006 s.
What is the time-base setting of the c.r.o.?
A 2 µs / division
B 20 µs / division
C 2 ms / division
D 3 ms / division
5 A value for the acceleration of free fall on Earth is given as (10 ± 2) m s–2.
A The value is accurate but not precise.

B The value is both precise and accurate.
C The value is neither precise nor accurate.
D The value is precise but not accurate.
6 An experiment to determine atmospheric pressure P uses the equation P = ρ gh where
ρ = (13 600 ± 100) kg m–3,

g = (9.81 ± 0.02) m s–2,
h = (0.762 ± 0.005) m.
What is the value of P, with its uncertainty, when stated to an appropriate number of significant
figures?
A ((1.0166 ± 0.0162) × 105 Pa
B (1.017 ± 0.016) × 105 Pa
C (1.017 ± 1.6%) × 105 Pa
D (1.02 ± 0.02) × 105 Pa

PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour 15 minutes
1 A student creates a table to show reasonable estimates of some physical quantities.
Which row is not a reasonable estimate?
quantity
uanti
A current in a fan heater 12 A

B mass of an adult person 70 kg
C speed of an Olympic sprint runner 10 m s–1
D water pressure at the bottom of a garden pond 106 Pa
2 A particle travels in a straight line with speed v.
The particle slows down and changes direction. The new speed of the particle is v .
2
The new velocity has a component of v in the same direction as the initial path of the particle.
4
Through which angle has the particle turned?
A 27° B 30° C 45° D 60°
3 The speed v of a liquid leaving a tube depends on the change in pressure ∆P and the density ρ of
the liquid. The speed is given by the equation
n
 
v = k  ∆P 
 ρ 
A 1 B 1 C 3 D 2
2 2
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour 15 minutes
1 What is the approximate average speed of a winning female Olympic athlete running a 100 m
race?
A 6 m s–1 B 9 m s–1 C 12 m s–1 D 15 m s–1
2 Two forces act on a circular disc as shown.
3N
4N
Which diagram shows the line of action of the resultant force?
A B C D
5N
5N 5N 5N
3 What correctly expresses the volt in terms of SI base units?
A AΩ
B W A–1
C kg m2 s–1 A–1
D kg m2 s–3 A–1
4 The current in a block of semiconductor is 30.0 mA when there is a potential difference (p.d.) of
10.0 V across it. The dimensions of the block and the direction of the current in it are as shown.
15.0 mm
30.0 mA
30.0 mm
15.0 mm
The electrical meters used are accurate to ± 0.1 mA and ± 0.1 V. The dimensions of the block are
accurate to ± 0.2 mm.
What is the resistivity of the semiconductor?
A 10.0 ± 0.2 Ω m
B 10.0 ± 0.3 Ω m
C 10.0 ± 0.5 Ω m
D 10.0 ± 0.8 Ω m
5 The diameter of a cylindrical metal rod is measured using a micrometer screw gauge.
The diagram below shows an enlargement of the scale on the micrometer screw gauge when
taking the measurement.
40
2 3
30
0.5 mm / rev
What is the cross-sectional area of the rod?
A 3.81 mm2 B 11.4 mm2 C 22.8 mm2 D 45.6 mm2

PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour 15 minutes
1 What is the best estimate of the kinetic energy of a family car travelling at 50 km h–1?
A 1.5 × 103 J B 1.5 × 105 J C 1.5 × 107 J D 1.5 × 109 J
2
The diagram shows two vectors X and Y. The vectors are perpendicular to one another.
Y = 6.0 N
X = 8.0 N
What is the magnitude and direction of vector (X – Y)?
A 10.0 N at an angle of 37° downwards from the direction of X
B 10.0 N at an angle of 37° upwards from the direction of X
C 14.0 N at an angle of 53° downwards from the direction of X
D 14.0 N at an angle of 53° upwards from the direction of X
3 Which expression using SI base units is equivalent to the volt?
A kg m2 s–1 A–1
B kg m s–2 A
C kg m2 s–1 A
D kg m2 s–3 A–1
4 A voltage is carefully measured with a high-quality instrument and found to be 2.321 V.
Two students, using two different methods, conclude that the voltage is 2.33 V and 2.344 V
respectively.
A 2.33 V is less accurate and less precise than 2.344 V.

B 2.33 V is less accurate and more precise than 2.344 V.
C 2.33 V is more accurate and less precise than 2.344 V.
D 2.33 V is more accurate and more precise than 2.344 V.
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour 15 minutes
1 Which SI unit, expressed in base units, is not correct?
A unit of force, kg m s–2

B unit of momentum, kg m s–1
C unit of pressure, kg m–2 s–2
D unit of work, kg m2 s–2
2 Two forces, each of 10 N, act at a point P as shown. The angle between the directions of the
forces is 120°.
10 N
120°
10 N
P
What is the magnitude of the resultant force?
A 5N B 10 N C 17 N D 20 N
3 An ion is accelerated in a vacuum by a series of electrodes. A graph of the power supplied to the
A the average force on the ion

B the change in kinetic energy of the ion
4 What is a typical value of the wavelength of a microwave travelling in a vacuum?
A 3 000 000 pm
B 30 nm
C 30 000 µm
D 3000 mm
5 A double-slit interference experiment is used to determine the wavelength of light from a

monochromatic source.
The following measurements are used.
slit separation a = 0.50 ± 0.02 mm
fringe separation x = 1.7 ± 0.1 mm
distance between slits and screen D = 2.000 ± 0.002 m
What is the percentage uncertainty in the calculated wavelength?
A 0.1% B 1% C 6% D 10%
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour 15 minutes
1 Which pair of units are not the same when expressed in SI base units?
A m s–2 and N kg–1

B N s and kg m s–1
C Pa and N m–2
D V m–2 and N C–1
2 What is the vertical component of this displacement vector?
5.0 km
37°
horizontal
A 3.0 km B 3.8 km C 4.0 km D 5.0 km
3 The units of specific heat capacity are J kg–1 K–1.
What are the SI base units of specific heat capacity?
A m s–2 K–1 B m s–1 K–1 C m2 s–2 K–1 D m2 s–1 K–1
4 A quantity y is to be determined from the equation shown.
px
y=
q2
The percentage uncertainties in p, x and q are shown.
percentage
uncertainty
p 6%
x 2%
q 4%
What is the percentage uncertainty in y?
A 0.5% B 0.75% C 12% D 16%

5 A transmitter emits a pulse of electromagnetic waves towards a reflector. The pulse is reflected
and returns to the transmitter.
A detector is located at the transmitter. The emitted pulse and the reflected pulse are displayed
on a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) as shown.
1 cm
1 cm
The pulse takes 6.3 µs to travel from the transmitter to the reflector.
What is the time-base setting of the c.r.o.?
A 2.1 µs cm–1 B 3.2 µs cm–1 C 4.2 µs cm–1 D 6.3 µs cm–1

PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour 15 minutes
1 How many cubic nanometres, nm3, are in a cubic micrometre, µm3?
A 103 B 106 C 109 D 1012
2 The maximum theoretical power P of a wind turbine is given by the equation
P = kρAv n
where ρ is the density of air, A is the area swept by the turbine blades, v is the speed of the air
and k is a constant with no units.
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
3 What is the horizontal component of the force shown?
20 N
53°
horizontal
A 12 N B 16 N C 20 N D 27 N
4 A school has a piece of aluminium that it uses for radioactivity experiments. Its thickness is
marked as 3.2 mm. A student decides to check this value. He has vernier calipers which give
measurements to 0.1 mm and a micrometer which gives measurements to 0.01 mm.
Which statement must be correct?
A The micrometer gives a more accurate measurement.

B The micrometer gives a more precise measurement.
C The vernier calipers give a more accurate measurement.
D The vernier calipers give a more precise measurement.
5 Four possible sources of error in a series of measurements are listed.
1 an analogue meter whose scale is read from different angles

2 a meter which always measures 5% too high
3 a meter with a needle that is not frictionless, so the needle sometimes sticks slightly
4 a meter with a zero error
Which errors are random and which are systematic?
random error systematic error
A 1 and 2 3 and 4
B 1 and 3 2 and 4
C 2 and 4 1 and 3
D 3 and 4 1 and 2
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour 15 minutes
1 What is a unit for stress?
A kg m–1 s–2 B kg m–2 s–2 C N m–1 D Nm
2 Physical quantities can be classed as vectors or as scalars.
Which pair of quantities consists of two vectors?
A kinetic energy and force

B momentum and time
C velocity and electric field strength
D weight and temperature
4 In the circuit shown, an analogue ammeter is to be recalibrated as a thermometer. The ammeter

is connected in series with a thermistor. The thermistor is a component with a resistance that
varies with temperature. The graph shows how the resistance R of the thermistor changes with
temperature T.
R / kΩ
A
0 100
thermistor
T / °C
Which diagram could represent the temperature scale on the ammeter?
A B C D
20 40 6 80 80 60 40 40 20
0 80 4 0 60 100 20 100
80 60
0 100 0 20 100 0 0
°C °C °C °C
5 The sides of a cube are measured with calipers.
The measured length of each side is (30.0 ± 0.1) mm.
The measurements are used to calculate the volume of the cube.
What is the percentage uncertainty in the calculated value of the volume?
A 0.01% B 0.3% C 1% D 3%
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour 15 minutes
1 A sheet of gold leaf has a thickness of 0.125 µm. A gold atom has a radius of 174 pm.
Approximately how many layers of atoms are there in the sheet?
A 4 B 7 C 400 D 700
2 The drag coefficient Cd is a number with no units. It is used to compare the drag on different cars
at different speeds. Cd is given by the equation
2F
Cd =
v nρ A
where F is the drag force on the car, ρ is the density of the air, A is the cross-sectional area of the
car and v is the speed of the car.
What is the value of n?
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
3 A student measures the current through a resistor and the potential difference (p.d.) across it.
There is a 4% uncertainty in the current reading and a 1% uncertainty in the p.d. reading. The
student calculates the resistance of the resistor.
What is the percentage uncertainty in the calculated resistance?
A 0.25% B 3% C 4% D 5%
4 A student applies a potential difference V of (4.0 ± 0.1) V across a resistor of resistance R of

(10.0 ± 0.3) Ω for a time t of (50 ± 1) s.
The student calculates the energy E dissipated using the equation below.
E = V t = 4.0 × 50 = 80 J
2 2
R 10.0
What is the absolute uncertainty in the calculated energy value?
A 1.5 J B 3J C 6J D 8J
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour 15 minutes
1 What is the best way of describing a physical quantity?
A a quantity with a magnitude and a direction but no unit

B a quantity with a magnitude and a unit
C a quantity with a magnitude but no direction
D a quantity with a unit but no magnitude
2 Which pair includes a vector quantity and a scalar quantity?
A displacement and acceleration

B force and kinetic energy
C power and speed
D work and potential energy
3 A force F acts at an angle θ to the horizontal.
θ
horizontal
What are the horizontal and the vertical components of the force?
horizontal vertical
component component
A F cosθ F cos (90° – θ )

B F cosθ F sin (90° – θ )
C F sinθ F cosθ
D F sinθ F cos (90° – θ )
4 What will reduce the systematic errors when taking a measurement?
A adjusting the needle on a voltmeter so that it reads zero when there is no potential difference
across it
B measuring the diameter of a wire at different points and taking the average
C reducing the parallax effects by using a marker and a mirror when measuring the amplitude
of oscillation of a pendulum
D timing 20 oscillations, rather than a single oscillation, when finding the period of a pendulum
5 In an experiment to determine the Young modulus E of the material of a wire, the measurements
taken are shown.
mass hung on end of wire m = 2.300 ± 0.002 kg
original length of wire l = 2.864 ± 0.005 m

diameter of wire d = 0.82 ± 0.01 mm
extension of wire e = 7.6 ± 0.2 mm
The Young modulus is calculated using

E
4mgl
=
πd 2 e
where g is the acceleration of free fall.
The calculated value of E is 1.61 × 1010 N m–2.
How should the calculated value of E and its uncertainty be expressed?
A (1.61
(1
(1.6 ± × 1010 N m–2
B (1.61
(1
(1.6 ± × 1010 N m–2
C (1.61
(1
(1.6 ± × 1010 N m–2
D (1.61
(1
(1.6 ± × 1010 N m–2
6 A rock on the surface of Mars is projected vertically upwards with an initial speed of 9.4 m s–1. The
rock rises to a height of 12 m above the surface.
Assume there is no atmosphere on Mars.
What is the acceleration of free fall near the surface of Mars?
A 0.39 m s–2 B 3.7 m s–2 C 7.4 m s–2 D 9.8 m s–2

PHYSICS 9702/11
1 The radius of the Earth is approximately 6.4 × 106 m, and the radius of the Moon is approximately
1.7 × 106 m. A student wishes to build a scale model of the Solar System in the classroom, using
a football of radius 0.12 m to represent the Earth.
Which object would best represent the Moon?
A basketball
B cherry
C golf ball
D tennis ball
2 When a beam of light is incident on a surface, it delivers energy to the surface. The intensity of
the beam is defined as the energy delivered per unit area per unit time.
What is the unit of intensity, expressed in SI base units?
A kg m–2 s–1 B kg m2 s–3 C kg s–2 D kg s–3
3 A ship is travelling with a velocity of 8.0 km h–1 in a direction 30° east of north.
What are the components of the ship’s velocity in the east and north directions?
15 20
10 15
0 5 0 10
diagram 1 diagram 2
A 1.90 mm B 2.45 mm C 2.59 mm D 2.73 mm
5 A digital meter has an accuracy of ±1%.
The meter is used to measure the current in an electrical circuit.
The reading on the meter varies between 3.04 A and 3.08 A.
What is the value of the current, with its uncertainty?
A (3.06 ± 0.02) A
B (3.06 ± 0.04) A
C (3.06 ± 0.05) A
D (3.06 ± 0.07) A
6 A tennis ball is thrown horizontally in air from the top of a tall building.
The effect of air resistance is not negligible.
What happens to the horizontal and to the vertical components of the ball’s velocity?
horizontal component vertical component

of velocity of velocity
A constant constant
B constant increases at a constant rate
C decreases to zero increases at a constant rate
D decreases to zero increases to a maximum value
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour 15 minutes
1 A car is travelling at a speed of 20 m s–1. The table contains values for the kinetic energy and the
momentum of the car.
Which values are reasonable estimates?
kinetic energy momentum

/J / kg m s–1
A 3 × 105 3 × 104
B 3 × 105 5 × 106
C 2 × 107 3 × 104
D 2 × 107 5 × 106
2 What is the unit of resistance when expressed in SI base units?
A kg m2 s–2 A–1
B kg m2 s–3 A–2
C kg m s–2 A–1
D kg m s–3 A–1
3 Which list contains both scalar and vector quantities?
A acceleration, momentum, velocity, weight

B area, current, force, work
C distance, kinetic energy, power, pressure
D mass, temperature, time, speed
5 Students take readings of the volume of a liquid using three different pieces of measuring
equipment X, Y and Z.
The true value of the volume of the liquid is V.
The students’ results are shown.
X Y Z
number of number of number of

readings readings readings
0 0 0
0 V volume 0 V volume 0 V volume
How many pieces of equipment are precise and how many are accurate?
number of precise number of accurate

pieces of equipment pieces of equipment
A 1
B 1
C 2
D 2
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour 15 minutes
1 Which statement is not a reasonable estimate?
A Atmospheric pressure at sea level is about 1 × 105 Pa.
B Light takes 5 × 102 s to reach us from the Sun.
C The frequency of ultraviolet light is 3 × 1012 Hz.
D The lifespan of a man is about 2 × 109 s.
2 Three of these quantities have the same unit.
Which quantity has a different unit?

energy
A
distance
B force
C power × time
D rate of change of momentum
3 Which group of quantities contains only vectors?
A acceleration, displacement, speed

B acceleration, work, electric field strength
C displacement, force, velocity
D power, electric field strength, force
4 An ammeter is calibrated so that it shows a full-scale deflection when it measures a current of

2.0 A.
The diagram shows the display of this ammeter when it is measuring a current.
4 6
2 8
0 10
2 3 4
1
0 5
Which current is the ammeter measuring?
A 0.75 A B 1.5 A C 3.8 A D 7.5 A

5 The width of a table is measured as (50.3 ± 0.1) cm. Its length is measured as (1.40 ± 0.01) m.
What is the area of the table and its absolute uncertainty?
A (0.7 ± 0.1) m2
B (0.704 ± 0.006) m2
C (0.704 ± 0.011) m2
D (70.4 ± 0.6) m2
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour 15 minutes
1 Which unit can be expressed in base units as kg m2 s–2?
A joule
B newton
C pascal
D watt
2 The luminosity L of a star is given by
L = 4πr 2σT 4
where
r is the radius of the star,

T is the temperature of the star and
σ is a constant with units W m–2 K–4.
What are the SI base units of L ?
A kg m2 s–1 B kg m2 s–2 C kg m2 s–3 D kg m2 s–4

PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour 15 minutes
1 What is equivalent to 2000 microvolts?
A 2 µJ C–1 B 2 mV C 2 pV D 2000 mV
2 What is the number of SI base units required to express electric field strength and power?
electric field
power
strength
A 3
B 3
C 4
D 4
3 The Planck constant h has SI units J s.
Which equation could be used to calculate the Planck constant?
DE
A h= where D is distance, E is energy and v is velocity
v
v
B h= where v is velocity and D is distance
D
1
C h= where E is electric field strength
4πE
Fr 2
D h= where F is force, r is radius and m is mass
m
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour 15 minutes
1 Which is an SI base unit?
A current
B gram
C kelvin
D volt
2 Osmium, a naturally occurring element, has a density of 23 000 kg m–3.
What is also a value of the density of osmium?
A 2.3 × 104 µg cm–3
B 2.3 × 104 g cm–3

C 2.3 kg cm–3
D 2.3 × 10–2 kg cm–3

PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour 15 minutes
1 For which quantity is the magnitude a reasonable estimate?
A frequency of a radio wave 500 pHz
B mass of an atom 500 µg

C the Young modulus of a metal 500 kPa
D wavelength of green light 500 nm
2 The speed of a wave in deep water depends on its wavelength L and the acceleration of free
fall g.
What is a possible equation for the speed v of the wave?
 gL  gL g  2πg
A v=   B v= C v = 2π   D v=
 2π  4π2 L L
3 The diagram shows two vectors X and Y, drawn to scale.
Y
X
If X = Y – Z, which diagram best represents the vector Z?
A B C D
4 A student intends to measure accurately the diameter of a wire (known to be approximately

1 mm) and the internal diameter of a pipe (known to be approximately 2 cm).
What are the most appropriate instruments for the student to use to make these measurements?
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour 15 minutes
4
1 A cyclist has a speed of 5 m s–1 and a small car has a speed of 12 m s–1.
Which statement does not give a reasonable estimate?
A The kinetic energy of the cyclist is 1 × 103 J.
B The kinetic energy of the car is 7 × 104 J.
C The momentum of the cyclist is 4 × 102 kg m s–1.
D The momentum of the car is 2 × 105 kg m s–1.
2 Which expression gives an SI base quantity?
A charge per unit time

B force per unit area
C mass per unit volume
D work done per unit distance
3 Which list contains only scalar quantities?
A area, length, displacement

B kinetic energy, speed, power
C potential energy, momentum, time
D velocity, distance, temperature
4 A micrometer is used to measure the 28.50 mm width of a plastic ruler. The micrometer reads to
the nearest 0.01 mm.
What is the correct way to record this reading?
A 0.02850 ± 0.01 m
B 0.0285 ± 0.001 m
C (2.850 ± 0.001) × 10–2 m
D (2.850 ± 0.001) × 10–3 m

PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour 15 minutes
1 Which quantity with its unit is correct?
A acceleration of a bicycle = 1.4 m s–1

B electric current in a lamp = 0.25 A s–1
C electric potential difference across a battery = 8.0 J C–1
D kinetic energy of a car = 4500 N m–1
2 Which two units are not equivalent to each other?
A N m and kg m2 s–2
B N s and kg m s–1
C J s–1 and kg m2 s–3
D Pa and kg m s–2
3 The arrow represents a vector R.
Which diagram does not represent R as two perpendicular components?
A B
C D
© UCLES 2019 9702/13/O/N/19

5
4 What could reduce systematic errors?
A averaging a large number of measurements

B careful calibration of measuring instruments
C reducing the sample size
D repeating measurements
2
5 The power loss P in a resistor is calculated using the formula P = V .
R
The percentage uncertainty in the potential difference V is 3% and the percentage uncertainty in
the resistance R is 2%.
What is the percentage uncertainty in P ?
A 4% B 7% C 8% D 11%
© UCLES 2019 9702/13/O/N/19 [Turn over

PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour 15 minutes
You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.
You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet
1 What is a reasonable estimate of the kinetic energy of a car travelling at a speed of 30 m s–1?
A 102 J B 104 J C 106 J D 108 J
2 The frequency f of vibration of a mass m supported by a spring with spring constant k is given by
the equation
f = Cm pk q
where C is a constant with no units.
What are the values of p and q?
p q
A – 21 – 21
B – 21 1
2
C 1
2
– 21
1 1
D 2 2
3 The power produced by a force moving an object is given by the equation shown.
work force × displacement

power = =
time time
Which quantities are scalars and which are vectors?
scalars vectors
A displacement, time force, power

B power, work displacement, force
C power, force displacement, work
D work, time power, displacement
© UCLES 2020 9702/11/M/J/20

5
4 A cathode-ray oscilloscope displays a square wave, as shown.
The time-base setting is 0.20 ms per division.
What is the frequency of the square wave?
A 0.83 Hz B 830 Hz C 1300 Hz D 1700 Hz
5 A measurement is taken correctly but with a ruler at a significantly higher temperature than that at
which the ruler was calibrated. The higher temperature causes the ruler to expand.
What describes the effect on the measurement caused by the higher temperature and how the
measurement may be improved?
A The measurement will be subject to a random error. The measurement can be made more
accurate by taking the average of several repeated measurements.
B The measurement will be subject to a random error. The measurement can be made more
precise by taking the average of several repeated measurements.
C The measurement will be subject to a systematic error. The measurement can be made more
accurate by taking the average of several repeated measurements.
D The measurement will be subject to a systematic error. The measurement can be made more
precise by taking the average of several repeated measurements.
© UCLES 2020 9702/11/M/J/20 [Turn over

9702/12
May/June 2020
1 hour 15 minutes
1 What is a reasonable estimate of the mass of a raindrop?
A 101 kg B 10–1 kg C 10–3 kg D 10–5 kg
2 Which quantity is a scalar?
A acceleration
B force
C kinetic energy
D momentum
3 A galvanometer of resistance 5 Ω is to be used in a null method.
In order to protect the galvanometer from damage due to an excessive initial current, resistors of
resistance 0.5 Ω and 1 kΩ are available.
Which arrangement would provide this protection?
A the 0.5 Ω resistor in series with the galvanometer
B the 0.5 Ω resistor in parallel with the galvanometer and this combination placed in series with
the 1 kΩ resistor
C the 1 kΩ resistor in parallel with the galvanometer
D the 1 kΩ resistor in parallel with the galvanometer and this combination placed in series with
the 0.5 Ω resistor
4 Readings are made of the current I for different voltages V across a fixed resistor. The results are
plotted on a graph to show the variation of I with V.
0
0 V
What is the best description of the errors in the readings?
A both systematic and random

B neither systematic nor random
C random only
D systematic only
9702/13
May/June 2020
1 hour 15 minutes
1 A man is running a race in a straight line.
What is an approximate value of his kinetic energy?
A 10 J B 100 J C 1000 J D 10 000 J
2 A sample of gas has a mass of 4.8 µg and occupies a volume of 1.2 dm3.
What is the density of the sample of gas?
A 4.0 × 10–3 kg m–3
B 4.0 × 10–5 kg m–3
C 4.0 × 10–6 kg m–3
D 4.0 × 10–8 kg m–3
3 Which characteristics are possessed by a vector quantity but not by a scalar quantity?
A direction only
B magnitude and direction
C magnitude and unit
D unit only
4 A circuit is set up in order to determine the resistance of a 12 V, 1.2 W lamp when operating
normally. An analogue ammeter and an analogue voltmeter are used.
Which ranges for the meters would be most suitable?
ammeter range voltmeter range

/A /V
A 0–0.5 0–20
B 0–0.5 0–100
C 0–10 0–20
D 0–10 0–100
5 Two liquid-in-glass thermometers in a well-mixed liquid are individually observed by 10 different

students. All agree that one thermometer reads 21 °C and the other thermometer reads 23 °C.
What is a possible explanation for the difference?
A The liquid is not all at the same temperature.

B The readings are not precise.
C There is a random error affecting the readings.
D There is a systematic error affecting the readings.
9702/11
October/November 2020
1 hour 15 minutes
1 Which quantity is a physical quantity?
A atomic number
B efficiency
C number density of charge carriers
D strain
2 Which time interval is the shortest?
A 0.05 ms B 50 ns C 500 000 ps D 0.5 s
3 P and R are coplanar vectors.
If X = P – R, which diagram best represents vector X?
A B
R
X R
X
P
P
C D
P P
X X
R R
© UCLES 2020 9702/11/O/N/20

5
4 A student uses a cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO) to measure the period of a signal. She sets the
time-base of the CRO to 5 ms cm–1 and observes the trace illustrated below. The trace has a
length of 10.0 cm.
10.0 cm
What is the period of the signal?
A 7.1  10–6 s B 1.4  10–5 s C 7.1  10–3 s D 1.4  10–2 s
5 The diameter of a spherical golf ball is measured with calipers and found to be (4.11 ± 0.01) cm.
The volume of a sphere is V = 1

6
d 3, where d is the diameter of the sphere.
What is the volume of the golf ball?
A (36.35 ± 0.01) cm3

B (36.35 ± 0.03) cm3
C (36.35 ± 0.09) cm3
D (36.4 ± 0.3) cm3

9702/12
1 hour 15 minutes
1 A student uses the volume of a metal coin in order to determine the density of the metal.
What is not needed in order to determine an estimate of the volume of the coin?
A estimate of the diameter

B estimate of the mass
C estimate of the thickness
D use of the formula for the volume of a cylinder
2 The speed v of waves on a stretched wire is given by the equation
v = T pq
where T is the tension in the wire and  is the mass per unit length of the wire.
What are the values of p and q?
p q
A 1 1
2 2
B 1 1
2 2
1 1
C
2 2
1 1
D
2 2
© UCLES 2020 9702/12/O/N/20

3 The diagram shows a force F. P is the horizontal component of F, at an angle  to F.
θ
P
Which graph best shows the variation with  of the magnitude of P ?
A B
P P
0 0
0 90 0 90
θ /° θ /°
C D
P P
0 0
0 90 0 90
θ /° θ /°
4 A student wishes to measure a distance of about 10 cm to a precision of 0.01 cm.
Which measuring instrument should be used?
A metre rule
B micrometer
C tape measure
D vernier calipers

5 A steel ball is dropped and falls through a vertical height h. The time t taken to fall is measured
using light gates.
The results are given in the table.
h (4.05  0.01) m
t (0.91  0.02) s
The acceleration of free fall g is calculated using the equation shown.
h= 1
2
gt 2
What is the percentage uncertainty in the value of g?
A 2.4% B 4.6% C 5.1% D 9.3%

9702/13
1 hour 15 minutes
1 What is a reasonable estimate of the volume of a fully inflated standard football?
A 600 cm3 B 6000 cm3 C 60 000 cm3 D 600 000 cm3
2 What is not an SI base unit?
A coulomb
B kelvin
C kilogram
D second
3 Which two quantities are both vector quantities?
A displacement and distance

B force and momentum
C torque and time
D weight and pressure
4 A calibration curve is shown for an ammeter whose scale is inaccurate.
0.6
ammeter
reading 0.5
/ mA
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
current / mA
Two readings taken on the meter at different times during an experiment are 0.13 mA and
0.47 mA.
By how much did the current really increase between taking the two readings?
A 0.30 mA B 0.34 mA C 0.40 mA D 0.44 mA

5
5 A student measures the length l and the period T of oscillation of a simple pendulum. He then
uses the equation shown to calculate the acceleration of free fall g.
T = 2 l
g
His measurements are shown.
l (87.3  0.2) cm
T (1.9  0.05) s
What is the percentage uncertainty in his calculated value of g ?
A 2.4% B 2.9% C 5.5% D 7.2%
6 An object moves in a straight line. The graph shows the variation with time t of the velocity v of
the object.
8
v/ms –1
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
t/s
–2
At time t = 0 the object is at point X.
What is the displacement of the object from point X at time t = 0.80 s?
A 1.6 m B 1.8 m C 2.0 m D 3.2 m
7 An object accelerates uniformly from rest to speed v. It then moves at constant speed v for a time
of 8.0 s before decelerating uniformly to rest. The total time taken is 12.0 s, and the total distance
travelled is 60 m.
What is the speed v ?
A 3.0 m s–1 B 5.0 m s–1 C 6.0 m s–1 D 15 m s–1

PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
MAY/JUNE 2010 MAY/JUNE 2011

MAY/JUNE 2008
9702/12 9702/11
9702/01
1. C
1. B 1. C
2. D 2. D 2. C
3. C 3. B 3. C
4. C 4. A 4. C
5. D 5. B 5. A
MAY/JUNE 2010 MAY/JUNE 2011

MAY/JUNE 2009
9702/13 9702/12
9702/01
1. A 1. C
1. D
2. C 2. B
2. C
3. B 3. A
3. B
4. B 4. D
4. B
5. B 5. D
OCT/NOV 2009
OCT/NOV 2010
9702/11
9702/11
MAY/JUNE 2011
1. C
1. D 9702/13
2. A
2. C
3. B 2. C
3. B
4. A
4. A 3. C
5. A
5. B
4. A
MAY/JUNE 2010
9702/11 5. C
1. D
2. A.
3. A.
4. B
5. C
OCT/NOV 2011 MAY/JUNE 2012 OCT/NOV 2012
9702/11 9702/13
9702/13
1. D 1. B
1. C
2. B 2. D
2. A
3. C 3. B
3. D
4. B 4. C
4. C
5. B 5. B
5. D
OCT/NOV 2011
OCT/NOV 2012
9702/12
MAY/JUNE 2013
9702/11
1. C 9702/11
2. B 1. B
1. D
3. A 2. C
2. C
4. D 3. D
5. D 4. B 4. D
5. B
MAY/JUNE 2012 5. D
9702/12 OCT/NOV 2012
6. D
9702/12
1. C
2. D 1. B
3. D 2. A MAY/JUNE 2013
4. B 3. B 9702/12
5. B 4. C
1. B
6. A 5. B
2. B
4. D
5. C
MAY/JUNE 2013 MAY/JUNE 2014 OCT/NOV 2014
9702/13 9702/11
9702/11
2. B 2. C
1. A
3. A 2. B 3. A
3. A
5. D OCT/NOV 2014
4. D
9702/13
6. B 5. B
1. A
OCT/NOV 2013 MAY/JUNE 2014
2. C
9702/11 9702/12
3. A
1. B 1. C 4. D
2. C 2. B 5. D
3. B 3. B
MAY/JUNE 2015
4. B 4. C
9702/11
5. C 5. D
1. C
OCT/NOV 2013 MAY/JUNE 2014
2. B
9702/13 9702/13
3. A
1. D 1. C 4. D
2. B 2. D 5. A
3. D 3. A 6. B
4. A 4. B
5. D 6. C
MAY/JUNE 2015 OCT/NOV 2015 MAY/JUNE 2016
9702/12 9702/12 9702/12
1. C 1. C 1. C
2. D 2. B 2. C
3. C 3. C 3. A
4. B 4. B
MAY/JUNE 2015
5. D
9702/13 OCT/NOV 2016
OCT/NOV 2015 9702/13
1. C
9702/13
2. D 1. D
3. D 1. A 2. B
4. B 2. D 3. A
5. B 3. A 4. A
6. C 4. B 5. D
5. B
OCT/NOV 2015
6. B
9702/11
OCT/NOV 2016
1. B 9702/11
2. B MAY/JUNE 2016
2. B
3. A 9702/11
4. A 3. A
2. C
5. B
4. A
6. C 3. C
5. D
4. A
5.D
9702/12 9702/13 9702/13
1. B 1. B 1. C
2. D 2. B 2. C
3. D 3. D 3. A
4. C 4. C 4. B
5. A 5. B
OCT/NOV 2017
6. D
9702/11
MAY/JUNE 2017
1. C MAY/JUNE 2018
9702/11
2. B 9702/11
1. D 3. B
1. A
2. D 4. C
3. A 5. D 2. C
MAY/JUNE 2017 OCT/NOV 2017 4. A

9702/12 9702/12
5. C
1. B 1. D
MAY/JUNE 2018
2. A 2. A
9702/12
3. D 3. C
4. C 4. D 1. C
5. B 5. C 2. B
3. D
4. D
MAY/JUNE 2018 OCT/NOV 2018
9702/13 9702/13
1. B 1. C
2. B 2. C
3. A 3. C
4. A 4. B
5. D 5. B
6. B
OCT/NOV 2018
9702/11
1. D
2. D
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. D
OCT/NOV 2018
9702/12
1. A
2. B
3. B
9702/11 9702/12 9702/13
MAY/JUNE/2019 MAY/JUNE/2019 MAY/JUNE/2019
1. A 1. B 1. C
2. C 2. D 2. D
3. A
9702/11 9702/12 9702/13

OCT/NOV/2019 OCT/NOV/2019 OCT/NOV/2019
1. D 1. D 1. C
2. A 2. A 2. D
3. A 3. B 3. C
4. C 4. C 4. B
5. D 5. C
9702/11 9702/12
MAY/JUNE/2020 MAY/JUNE/2020
1.C 1. D
2. B 2. C
3. B 3. B
4. B 4. D
5. D
9702/13 9702/11
MAY/JUNE/2020 OCT/NOV/2020
1. C 1. C
2. C 2. B
3. A 3. A
4. A 4. D
5. D 5. D
9702/12 9702/13
OCT/NOV/2020 OCT/NOV/2020
1. B 1. B
2. C 2. A
3. A 3. B
4. D 4. A
5. B 5. C
6. A
7. C
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND UNITS
1. ESTIMATIONS, CRO AND CALIBRATIONS
9702/02/M/J/08/Q.1, 9702/02/M/J/09/Q.1, 9702/23/M/J/16/Q.1,
9702/21/O/N/09/Q.1, 9702/23/O/N/13/Q.1
2. UNITS AND CONVERSIONS

9702/22/M/J/09/Q.1, 9702/21/M/J/10/Q.1, 9702/21/M/J/12/Q.1,
9702/22/M/J/13/Q.1, 9702/23/M/J/13/Q.1, 9702/22/M/J/14/Q.1,
9702/23/M/J/14/Q.1, 9702/21/M/J/15/Q.1, 9702/22/M/J/15/Q.1,
9702/23/M/J/15/Q.1, 9702/02/O/N/08/Q.1, 9702/21/O/N/10/Q.1,
9702/21/O/N/13/Q.1, 9702/21/O/N/14/Q.1, 9702/23/O/N/14/Q.1,
9702/21/O/N/15/Q.1, 9702/23/O/N/15/Q.1, 9702/22/O/N/16/Q.1,
9702/21/M/J/17/Q.1, 9702/22/M/J/17/Q.1, 9702/21/O/N/17/Q.1,
9702/23/O/N/17/Q.1, 9702/22/M/J/18/Q.1
3. ERROR AND UNCERTAINITIES

9702/22/M/J/10/Q.1, 9702/23/M/J/10/Q.1, 9702/21/M/J/11/Q.1,
9702/23/M/J/11/Q.1, 9702/22/M/J/12/Q.1, 9702/21/M/J/13/Q.1,
9702/22/M/J/14/Q.1, 9702/21/M/J/16/Q.1, 9702/23/M/J/16/Q.1,
9702/22/O/N/09/Q.1, 9702/23/O/N/13/Q.1, 9702/21/O/N/14/Q.2,
9702/21/O/N/15/Q.1, 9702/23/O/N/16/Q.1, 9702/22/O/N/17/Q.1,
9702/21/M/J/18/Q.1
1 of 46
4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. For

Examiner’s
Use
1 Make reasonable estimates of the following quantities.
(a) the frequency of an audible sound wave
frequency = ........................................... Hz [1]
(b) the wavelength, in nm, of ultraviolet radiation
wavelength = ........................................... nm [1]
(c) the mass of a plastic 30 cm ruler
mass = .............................................. g [1]
(d) the density of air at atmospheric pressure
density = ..................................... kg m–3 [1]
© UCLES 2008 9702/02/M/J/08

2 of 46
4

Examiner’s
Use
1 (a) State the most appropriate instrument, or instruments, for the measurement of the
following.
(i) the diameter of a wire of diameter about 1 mm
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) the resistance of a filament lamp
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) the peak value of an alternating voltage
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) The mass of a cube of aluminium is found to be 580 g with an uncertainty in the
measurement of 10 g. Each side of the cube has a length of (6.0 ± 0.1) cm.
Calculate the density of aluminium with its uncertainty. Express your answer to an
appropriate number of significant figures.
density = ................ ± ................ g cm–3 [5]
© UCLES 2009 9702/21/M/J/09

3 of 46
4

Examiner’s
Use
1 (a) Two of the SI base quantities and their units are mass (kg) and length (m).
Name three other SI base quantities and their units.
1. quantity ....................................................... unit .........................................................
2. quantity ....................................................... unit .........................................................
3. quantity ....................................................... unit .........................................................

[3]
(b) The pressure p due to a liquid of density ρ is related to the depth h by the expression
p = ρgh,
Use this expression to determine the derived units of pressure. Explain your working.
[5]
© UCLES 2009 9702/22/M/J/09

4 of 46
5

Examiner’s
Use
1 A unit is often expressed with a prefix. For example, the gram may be written with the prefix
‘kilo’ as the kilogram. The prefix represents a power-of-ten. In this case, the power-of-ten
is 103.
Complete Fig. 1.1 to show each prefix with its symbol and power-of-ten.
prefix symbol power-of-ten

kilo k 103
nano n .............................
centi ....................... 10–2
................................ M 106
................................ T 1012
Fig. 1.1
[4]

5 of 46
5

Examiner’s
Use
1 A metal wire has a cross-section of diameter approximately 0.8 mm.
(a) State what instrument should be used to measure the diameter of the wire.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) State how the instrument in (a) is
(i) checked so as to avoid a systematic error in the measurements,
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) used so as to reduce random errors.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]

6 of 46
5

Examiner’s
Use
1 A digital voltmeter with a three-digit display is used to measure the potential difference across
a resistor. The manufacturers of the meter state that its accuracy is ±1% and ±1 digit.
The reading on the voltmeter is 2.05 V.
(a) For this reading, calculate, to the nearest digit,
(i) a change of 1% in the voltmeter reading,
change = ..............................................V [1]
(ii) the maximum possible value of the potential difference across the resistor.
maximum value = ..............................................V [1]
(b) The reading on the voltmeter has high precision. State and explain why the reading may
not be accurate.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]

7 of 46
4

Examiner’s
Use
1 Measurements made for a sample of metal wire are shown in Fig. 1.1.
quantity measurement uncertainty
length 1750 mm ± 3 mm
diameter 0.38 mm ± 0.01 mm
resistance 7.5 Ω ± 0.2 Ω
Fig. 1.1
(a) State the appropriate instruments used to make each of these measurements.
(i) length
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) diameter
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) resistance
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) (i) Show that the resistivity of the metal is calculated to be 4.86 × 10–7 Ω m.
[2]
(ii) Calculate the uncertainty in the resistivity.
uncertainty = ± .......................................... Ω m [4]

© UCLES 2011 9702/21/M/J/11
8 of 46
5
(c) Use the answers in (b) to express the resistivity with its uncertainty to the appropriate For
number of significant figures. Examiner’s
Use
resistivity = .......................................... ± .......................................... Ω m [1]

9 of 46
4
1 (a) For each of the following, tick [✓] one box to indicate whether the experimental technique For
would reduce random error, systematic error or neither. The first row has been completed Examiner’s
as an example. Use
random error systematic error neither

keeping your eye
in line with the
scale and the
✓
liquid level for a
single reading of
a thermometer
averaging many
readings of the
time taken for a
ball to roll down a
slope
using a linear
scale on an
ammeter
correcting for
a non-zero
reading when a
micrometer screw
gauge is closed
[2]
(b) The measurement of a particular time interval is repeated many times. The readings are
found to vary. The results are shown in Fig. 1.1.
number
8
of readings
0
10.0 10.2 10.4 10.6 10.8
reading of time interval / s
Fig. 1.1
The true value of the time interval is 10.1 s.
© UCLES 2011 9702/23/M/J/11

10 of 46
5
(i) State how the readings on Fig. 1.1 show the presence of For
Examiner’s
1. a systematic error, Use
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
2. a random error.
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) State the expected changes to Fig. 1.1 for experimental measurements that are
1. more accurate,
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
2. more precise.
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

11 of 46
5

Examiner’s
Use
1 (a) (i) State the SI base units of volume.
base units of volume ................................................. [1]
(ii) Show that the SI base units of pressure are kg m–1 s–2.
[1]
(b) The volume V of liquid that flows through a pipe in time t is given by the equation
V
=
π Pr 4
t 8Cl
where P is the pressure difference between the ends of the pipe of radius r and length l.
The constant C depends on the frictional effects of the liquid.
Determine the base units of C.
base units of C ................................................. [3]

12 of 46
5

Examiner’s
1 The volume V of liquid flowing in time t through a pipe of radius r is given by the equation Use
V
=
π Pr 4
t 8Cl
where P is the pressure difference between the ends of the pipe of length l, and C depends
on the frictional effects of the liquid.
An experiment is performed to determine C. The measurements made are shown in Fig. 1.1.
V
/ 10–6 m3 s–1 P / 103 N m–2 r / mm l /m
t
1.20 ± 0.01 2.50 ± 0.05 0.75 ± 0.01 0.250 ± 0.001
Fig. 1.1
(a) Calculate the value of C.
C = ..................................... N s m–2 [2]
(b) Calculate the uncertainty in C.
uncertainty = ..................................... N s m–2 [3]
(c) State the value of C and its uncertainty to the appropriate number of significant figures.
C = ........................................... ± ........................................... N s m–2 [1]

13 of 46
5

Examiner’s
Use
1 Energy is stored in a metal wire that is extended elastically.
(a) Explain what is meant by extended elastically.
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Show that the SІ units of energy per unit volume are kg m–1 s–2.
[2]
(c) For a wire extended elastically, the elastic energy per unit volume X is given by
X = Cε 2E
where C is a constant,
ε is the strain of the wire,
and E is the Young modulus of the wire.
Show that C has no units.
[3]

14 of 46
4

Examiner’s
1 (a) Determine the SI base units of power. Use
SI base units of power ................................................. [3]
(b) Fig. 1.1 shows a turbine that is used to generate electrical power from the wind.
L
wind turbine
speed v
Fig. 1.1
The power P available from the wind is given by
P = CL2ρv 3
where L is the length of each blade of the turbine,

ρ is the density of air,
v is the wind speed,
C is a constant.
(i) Show that C has no units.
[3]
© UCLES 2013 9702/22/M/J/13

15 of 46
5
(ii) The length L of each blade of the turbine is 25.0 m and the density ρ of air is 1.30 in For
SI units. The constant C is 0.931. Examiner’s
The efficiency of the turbine is 55% and the electric power output P is 3.50 × 105 W. Use
Calculate the wind speed.
wind speed = ........................................ m s–1 [3]
(iii) Suggest two reasons why the electrical power output of the turbine is less than the
power available from the wind.
1. ...............................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[2]

16 of 46
4

Examiner’s
1 (a) State the SI base units of force. Use
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Two wires each of length l are placed parallel to each other a distance x apart, as
shown in Fig. 1.1.
Fig. 1.1
Each wire carries a current I. The currents give rise to a force F on each wire given by
K I 2l
F=
x
where K is a constant.
(i) Determine the SI base units of K.
units of K ................................................. [2]
(ii) On Fig. 1.2, sketch the variation with x of F. The quantities I and l remain constant.
0
0 x
Fig. 1.2 [2]
© UCLES 2013 9702/23/M/J/13

17 of 46
5
(iii) The current I in both of the wires is varied. For

Examiner’s
On Fig. 1.3, sketch the variation with I of F. The quantities x and l remain constant. Use
0
0 I
Fig. 1.3 [1]

18 of 46
4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1 (a) Show that the SІ base units of power are kg m2 s–3.
[3]
Q
(b) The rate of flow of thermal energy in a material is given by
t
Q CAT
=
t x
where A is the cross-sectional area of the material,

T is the temperature difference across the thickness of the material,
x is the thickness of the material,
C is a constant.
Determine the SІ base units of C.
base units .......................................................... [4]
© UCLES 2014 9702/22/M/J/14

19 of 46
5
2 A coin is made in the shape of a thin cylinder, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
diameter
thickness
Fig. 2.1
Fig. 2.2 shows the measurements made in order to determine the density ρ of the material used to
make the coin.

mass 9.6 g ± 0.5 g
thickness 2.00 mm ± 0.01 mm
diameter 22.1 mm ± 0.1 mm
Fig. 2.2
(a) Calculate the density ρ in kg m–3.
ρ = ...............................................kg m–3 [3]
(b) (i) Calculate the percentage uncertainty in ρ.
percentage uncertainty = ......................................................... [3]
(ii) State the value of ρ with its actual uncertainty.
ρ = ........................................................ ± ........................................... kg m–3 [1]

20 of 46
5
1 (a) Underline all the base quantities in the following list.
ampere charge current mass second temperature weight [2]
(b) The potential energy EP stored in a stretched wire is given by
EP = ½Cσ 2V
where C is a constant,
σ is the strain,
V is the volume of the wire.
Determine the SІ base units of C.
base units ...........................................................[3]

21 of 46
4
1 (a) Use the definition of power to show that the SI base units of power are kg m2 s–3.
[2]
(b) Use an expression for electrical power to determine the SI base units of potential difference.
units ...........................................................[2]
© UCLES 2015 9702/21/M/J/15

22 of 46
5
1 (a) Use the definition of work done to show that the SI base units of energy are kg m2 s−2.
[2]
(b) Define potential difference.
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Determine the SI base units of resistance. Show your working.
units .......................................................... [3]

23 of 46
4
1 (a) The distance between the Sun and the Earth is 1.5 × 1011 m. State this distance in Gm.
distance = ................................................... Gm [1]
(b) The distance from the centre of the Earth to a satellite above the equator is 42.3 Mm. The
radius of the Earth is 6380 km.
A microwave signal is sent from a point on the Earth directly below the satellite.
Calculate the time taken for the microwave signal to travel to the satellite and back.
time = ....................................................... s [2]
(c) The speed v of a sound wave through a gas of density ρ and pressure P is given by
CP
v= ρ
where C is a constant.
Show that C has no unit.
[3]
(d) Underline all the scalar quantities in the list below.
acceleration energy momentum power weight [1]
© UCLES 2015 9702/23/M/J/15

24 of 46
5
(e) A boat travels across a river in which the water is moving at a speed of 1.8 m s–1.
The velocity vectors for the boat and the river water are shown to scale in Fig. 1.1.
water velocity 1.8 m s–1

river
boat velocity 3.0 m s–1
60°
river bank
Fig. 1.1 (shown to scale)
In still water the speed of the boat is 3.0 m s–1. The boat is directed at an angle of 60° to the
river bank.
(i) On Fig. 1.1, draw a vector triangle or a scale diagram to show the resultant velocity of the
boat. [2]
(ii) Determine the magnitude of the resultant velocity of the boat.
resultant velocity = ................................................ m s–1 [2]

25 of 46
4
1 (a) Make estimates of
(i) the mass, in kg, of a wooden metre rule,
mass = ..................................................... kg [1]
(ii) the volume, in cm3, of a cricket ball or a tennis ball.
volume = .................................................. cm3 [1]
(b) A metal wire of length L has a circular cross-section of diameter d, as shown in Fig. 1.1.
Fig. 1.1
The volume V of the wire is given by the expression

πd 2L
V= .
4
The diameter, length and mass M are measured to determine the density of the metal of the
wire. The measured values are:
d = 0.38 ± 0.01 mm,

L = 25.0 ± 0.1 cm,
M = 0.225 ± 0.001 g.
Calculate the density of the metal, with its absolute uncertainty. Give your answer to an
appropriate number of significant figures.
density = ...................................... ± ...................................... kg m–3 [5]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2016 9702/21/M/J/16
26 of 46
4
1 (a) A list of quantities that are either scalars or vectors is shown in Fig. 1.1.
quantity scalar vector

distance ✓
energy
momentum
power
time
weight
Fig. 1.1
Complete Fig. 1.1 to indicate whether each quantity is a scalar or a vector.
One line has been completed as an example. [2]
(b) A girl runs 120 m due north in 15 s. She then runs 80 m due east in 12 s.
(i) Sketch a vector diagram to show the path taken by the girl. Draw and label her resultant
displacement R.
north
east
[1]
© UCLES 2016 9702/23/M/J/16

27 of 46
5
(ii) Calculate, for the girl,
1. the average speed,
average speed = ................................................. m s–1 [1]
2. the magnitude of the average velocity v and its angle with respect to the direction of
the initial path.
magnitude of v = ...................................................... m s–1
angle = ............................................................. °
[3]
[Total: 7]
2 (a) Describe the effects, one in each case, of systematic errors and random errors when using a
micrometer screw gauge to take readings for the diameter of a wire.
systematic errors: .....................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
random errors: ..........................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Distinguish between precision and accuracy when measuring the diameter of a wire.
precision: ..................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
accuracy: ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 4]
28 of 46
5

Examiner’s
Use
1 (a) The current in a wire is I. Charge Q passes one point in the wire in time t. State
(i) the relation between I, Q and t,
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) which of the quantities I, Q and t are base quantities.
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The current in the wire is due to electrons, each with charge q, that move with speed v
along the wire. There are n of these electrons per unit volume.
For a wire having a cross-sectional area S, the current I is given by the equation
I = nSqv k,
(i) State the units of I, n, S, q and v in terms of the base units.
I .............................................................................................................................
n .............................................................................................................................
S .............................................................................................................................
q .............................................................................................................................
v .............................................................................................................................
[3]
(ii) By considering the homogeneity of the equation, determine the value of k.
k = ………………………….. [2]

29 of 46
4

Examiner’s
Use
1 The volume of fuel in the tank of a car is monitored using a meter as illustrated in Fig. 1.1.
FUEL
½ ¾
¼
0 1
Fig. 1.1
The meter has an analogue scale. The meter reading for different volumes of fuel in the tank
is shown in Fig. 1.2.
60
50
volume
/ litre
40
30
20
10
0
0 ¼ ½ ¾ 1
empty full
meter reading
Fig. 1.2
The meter is calibrated in terms of the fraction of the tank that remains filled with fuel.
© UCLES 2009 9702/21/O/N/09

30 of 46
5
(a) The car uses 1.0 litre of fuel when travelling 14 km. The car starts a journey with a full For
tank of fuel. Examiner’s
Use
(i) Calculate the volume of fuel remaining in the tank after a journey of 210 km.
volume = ...................................... litres [2]
(ii) Use your answer to (i) and Fig. 1.2 to determine the change in the meter reading
during the 210 km journey.
from full to ............................................... [1]
(b) There is a systematic error in the meter.
(i) State the feature of Fig. 1.2 that indicates that there is a systematic error.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Suggest why, for this meter, it is an advantage to have this systematic error.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [1]

31 of 46
4

Examiner’s
Use
1 A simple pendulum may be used to determine a value for the acceleration of free fall g.
Measurements are made of the length L of the pendulum and the period T of oscillation.
The values obtained, with their uncertainties, are as shown.
T = (1.93 ± 0.03) s
L = (92 ± 1) cm
(a) Calculate the percentage uncertainty in the measurement of
(i) the period T,
uncertainty = ............................................ % [1]
(ii) the length L.
uncertainty = ............................................ % [1]
© UCLES 2009 9702/22/O/N/09

32 of 46
5
(b) The relationship between T, L and g is given by For

Examiner’s
42L Use
g= .
T2
Using your answers in (a), calculate the percentage uncertainty in the value of g.
uncertainty = ............................................ % [1]
(c) The values of L and T are used to calculate a value of g as 9.751 m s–2.
(i) By reference to the measurements of L and T, suggest why it would not be correct
to quote the value of g as 9.751 m s–2.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Use your answer in (b) to determine the absolute uncertainty in g.
Hence state the value of g, with its uncertainty, to an appropriate number of

significant figures.
g = .......................... ± ........................ m s–2 [2]

33 of 46
4

Examiner’s
Use
1 (a) Two of the SI base quantities are mass and time. State three other SI base quantities.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................................
3. ......................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) A sphere of radius r is moving at speed v through air of density ρ. The resistive force F
acting on the sphere is given by the expression
F = Br 2ρv k
where B and k are constants without units.
(i) State the SI base units of F, ρ and v.
F ..............................................................................................................................
ρ ..............................................................................................................................
v ..............................................................................................................................
[3]
(ii) Use base units to determine the value of k.
k = ................................................ [2]
© UCLES 2010 9702/21/O/N/10

34 of 46
4

Examiner’s
1 (a) State two SI base units other than the kilogram, metre and second. Use
1. ......................................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) A metal wire has original length l0. It is then suspended and hangs vertically as shown
in Fig. 1.1.
wire
Fig. 1.1
The weight of the wire causes it to stretch. The elastic potential energy stored in the wire
is E.
(i) Show that the SI base units of E are kg m2 s–2.
[2]
© UCLES 2013 9702/21/O/N/13

35 of 46
5
(ii) The elastic potential energy E is given by For

Examiner’s
E = Cρ 2g 2Al03 Use
where ρ is the density of the metal,

g is the acceleration of free fall,
A is the cross-sectional area of the wire
and C is a constant.
Determine the SI base units of C.
SI base units of C .................................................. [3]

36 of 46
4

Examiner’s
1 A cylindrical disc is shown in Fig. 1.1. Use
28 mm
12 mm
Fig. 1.1
The disc has diameter 28 mm and thickness 12 mm.

The material of the disc has density 6.8 × 103 kg m–3.
Calculate, to two significant figures, the weight of the disc.
weight = ............................................. N [4]
© UCLES 2013 9702/23/O/N/13

37 of 46
5
2 The time T for a satellite to orbit the Earth is given by For

3 Examiner’s
T= c KR m Use
M
where R is the distance of the satellite from the centre of the Earth,
M is the mass of the Earth,
and K is a constant.
(a) Determine the SI base units of K.
SI base units of K ................................................ [2]
(b) Data for a particular satellite are given in Fig. 2.1.

T 8.64 × 104 s ± 0.5%
R 4.23 × 107 m ± 1%
M 6.0 × 1024 kg ± 2%
Fig. 2.1
Calculate K and its actual uncertainty in SI units.
K = ....................................... ± .................................... SI units [4]

38 of 46
4
1 (a) Mass, length and time are SІ base quantities.

State two other base quantities.
1. ..............................................................................................................................................
2. ..............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) A mass m is placed on the end of a spring that is hanging vertically, as shown in Fig. 1.1.
spring
mass m
Fig. 1.1
The mass is made to oscillate vertically. The time period of the oscillations of the mass is T.
The period T is given by
m
T=C
k
where C is a constant and k is the spring constant.
Show that C has no units.
[3]
© UCLES 2014 9702/21/O/N/14

39 of 46
5
2 (a) Define pressure.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) A cylinder is placed on a horizontal surface, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
diameter
cylinder
Fig. 2.1
The following measurements were made on the cylinder:
mass = 5.09 ± 0.01 kg

diameter = 9.4 ± 0.1 cm.
(i) Calculate the pressure produced by the cylinder on the surface.
pressure = .................................................... Pa [3]
(ii) Calculate the actual uncertainty in the pressure.
actual uncertainty = .................................................... Pa [3]
(iii) State the pressure, with its actual uncertainty.
pressure = ........................................... ± ........................................... Pa [1]

40 of 46
4
1 (a) The kilogram, metre and second are SI base units.
State two other base units.
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Determine the SI base units of
(i) stress,
SI base units ...........................................................[2]
(ii) the Young modulus.
SI base units ...........................................................[1]
© UCLES 2014 9702/23/O/N/14

41 of 46
4
1 (a) State two SΙ base quantities other than mass, length and time.
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) A beam is clamped at one end and an object X is attached to the other end of the beam, as
shown in Fig. 1.1.
oscillation
of X
clamp beam object X
Fig. 1.1
The object X is made to oscillate vertically.
The time period T of the oscillations is given by
Ml 3
T=K
E
where M is the mass of X,

l is the length between the clamp and X,
E is the Young modulus of the material of the beam
(i) 1. Show that the SΙ base units of the Young modulus are kg m–1 s–2.
[1]
© UCLES 2015 9702/21/O/N/15

42 of 46
5
2. Determine the SΙ base units of K.
SΙ base units of K .......................................................... [2]
(ii) Data in SΙ units for the oscillations of X are shown in Fig. 1.2.
quantity value uncertainty

T 0.45 ± 2.0%
l 0.892 ± 0.2%
M 0.2068 ± 0.1%
K 1.48 × 105 ± 1.5%
Fig. 1.2
Calculate E and its actual uncertainty.
E = ..................................... ± ..................................... kg m–1 s–2 [4]

43 of 46
4
1 (a) The intensity of a progressive wave is defined as the average power transmitted through a
surface per unit area.
Show that the SI base units of intensity are kg s−3.
[2]
(b) (i) The intensity I of a sound wave is related to the amplitude x0 of the wave by
I = Kρcf 2x02
where ρ is the density of the medium through which the sound is passing,
c is the speed of the sound wave,
f is the frequency of the sound wave
Show that K has no units.
[2]
© UCLES 2015 9702/23/O/N/15

44 of 46
5
(ii) Calculate the intensity, in pW m−2, of a sound wave where
K = 20,
ρ = 1.2 in SI base units,
c = 330 in SI base units,
f = 260 in SI base units
and x0 = 0.24 nm.
intensity = ..............................................pW m−2 [3]

45 of 46
5
1 (a) (i) Define pressure.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Show that the SI base units of pressure are kg m–1 s–2.
[1]
(b) Gas flows through the narrow end (nozzle) of a pipe. Under certain conditions, the mass m of
gas that flows through the nozzle in a short time t is given by
m
= kC ρP
t
where k is a constant with no units,
C is a quantity that depends on the nozzle size,
ρ is the density of the gas arriving at the nozzle,
P is the pressure of the gas arriving at the nozzle.
Determine the base units of C.
base units ...........................................................[3]
[Total: 5]

46 of 46
5
1 (a) Define density.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The mass m of a metal sphere is given by the expression
πd 3ρ
m=
6
where ρ is the density of the metal and d is the diameter of the sphere.
Data for the density and the mass are given in Fig. 1.1.

ρ 8100 kg m–3 ± 5%
m 7.5 kg ± 4%
Fig. 1.1
(i) Calculate the diameter d.
d = ...................................................... m [1]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) and the data in Fig. 1.1 to determine the value of d, with its
absolute uncertainty, to an appropriate number of significant figures.
d = .............................. ± .............................. m [3]
[Total: 5]

4
1 One end of a wire is connected to a fixed point. A load is attached to the other end so that the wire
hangs vertically.
The diameter d of the wire and the load F are measured as
d = 0.40 ± 0.02 mm,

F = 25.0 ± 0.5 N.
(a) For the measurement of the diameter of the wire, state
(i) the name of a suitable measuring instrument,
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) how random errors may be reduced when using the instrument in (i).
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) The stress σ in the wire is calculated by using the expression

4F
σ= .
πd 2
(i) Show that the value of σ is 1.99 × 108 N m–2.
[1]
(ii) Determine the percentage uncertainty in σ.
percentage uncertainty = .......................................................% [2]
© UCLES 2017 9702/22/O/N/17

5
(iii) Use the information in (b)(i) and your answer in (b)(ii) to determine the value of σ, with
its absolute uncertainty, to an appropriate number of significant figures.
σ = ..................................... ± ..................................... N m–2 [2]
[Total: 8]

4
1 (a) The drag force FD acting on a sphere moving through a fluid is given by the expression
FD = Kρv 2
where K is a constant,
ρ is the density of the fluid
and v is the speed of the sphere.
Determine the SI base units of K.
base units ...........................................................[3]
(b) A ball of weight 1.5 N falls vertically from rest in air. The drag force FD acting on the ball is
given by the expression in (a). The ball reaches a constant (terminal) speed of 33 m s–1.
Assume that the upthrust acting on the ball is negligible and that the density of the air is
uniform.
For the instant when the ball is travelling at a speed of 25 m s–1, determine
(i) the drag force FD on the ball,
FD = ...................................................... N [2]
(ii) the acceleration of the ball.
acceleration = ................................................. m s–2 [2]
© UCLES 2017 9702/21/O/N/17

5
(c) Describe the acceleration of the ball in (b) as its speed changes from zero to 33 m s–1.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
[Total: 10]

5
1 (a) (i) Define power.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Show that the SI base units of power are kg m2 s–3.
[1]
(b) All bodies radiate energy. The power P radiated by a body is given by
P = kAT 4
where T is the thermodynamic temperature of the body,

A is the surface area of the body
and k is a constant.
(i) Determine the SI base units of k.
base units ...........................................................[2]
(ii) On Fig. 1.1, sketch the variation with T 2 of P. The quantity A remains constant.
0
0 T2
Fig. 1.1
[1]
[Total: 5]

4
1 (a) State two SI base units other than kilogram, metre and second.
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) Determine the SI base units of resistivity.
base units ...........................................................[3]
© UCLES 2017 9702/22/M/J/17

5
(c) (i) A wire of cross-sectional area 1.5 mm2 and length 2.5 m has a resistance of 0.030 Ω.
Calculate the resistivity of the material of the wire in nΩ m.
resistivity = ..................................................nΩ m [3]
(ii) 1. State what is meant by precision.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
2. Explain why the precision in the value of the resistivity is improved by using a
micrometer screw gauge rather than a metre rule to measure the diameter of the
wire.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 9]

5
1 (a) An analogue voltmeter is used to take measurements of a constant potential difference across
a resistor.
For these measurements, describe one example of
(i) a systematic error,
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) a random error.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The potential difference across a resistor is measured as 5.0 V ± 0.1 V. The resistor is labelled
as having a resistance of 125 Ω ± 3%.
(i) Calculate the power dissipated by the resistor.
power = ..................................................... W [2]
(ii) Calculate the percentage uncertainty in the calculated power.
percentage uncertainty = ...................................................... % [2]
(iii) Determine the value of the power, with its absolute uncertainty, to an appropriate number
of significant figures.
power = ..................................... ± ..................................... W [2]
[Total: 8]

4
1 (a) Define force.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) State the SI base units of force.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) The force F between two point charges is given by

Q1Q2
F=
4πr 2ε
where Q1 and Q2 are the charges,

r is the distance between the charges,
ε is a constant that depends on the medium between the charges.
Use the above expression to determine the base units of ε.
base units ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 4]
© UCLES 2018 9702/22/M/J/18

5
1 (a) Distinguish between vector and scalar quantities.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) The electric field strength E at a distance x from an isolated point charge Q is given by the
equation
Q
E=
x 2b
where b is a constant.
(i) Use the definition of electric field strength to show that E has SI base units of kg m A–1 s–3.
[2]
(ii) Use the units for E given in (b)(i) to determine the SI base units of b.
SI base units of b ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 6]

5
1 (a) Make estimates of:
(i) the mass, in g, of a new pencil
mass = ...................................................... g [1]
(ii) the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation.
wavelength = ..................................................... m [1]
(b) The period T of the oscillations of a mass m suspended from a spring is given by
m
T = 2π
k
where k is the spring constant of the spring.
The manufacturer of a spring states that it has a spring constant of 25 N m–1 ± 8%. A mass
of 200 × 10–3 kg ± 4 × 10–3 kg is suspended from the end of the spring and then made to
oscillate.
(i) Calculate the period T of the oscillations.
T = ...................................................... s [1]
(ii) Determine the value of T, with its absolute uncertainty, to an appropriate number of
significant figures.
T = ............................................. ± ............................................. s [3]
[Total: 6]

5
1 (a) (i) Define resistance.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) A potential difference of 0.60 V is applied across a resistor of resistance 4.0 GΩ.
Calculate the current, in pA, in the resistor.
current = ..................................................... pA [2]
(b) The energy E transferred when charge Q moves through an electrical component is given by
the equation
E = QV
where V is the potential difference across the component.
Use the equation to determine the SI base units of potential difference.
SI base units .......................................................... [3]
[Total: 6]

5
1 (a) The diameter d of a cylinder is measured as 0.0125 m ± 1.6%.
Calculate the absolute uncertainty in this measurement.
absolute uncertainty = ...................................................... m [1]
(b) The cylinder in (a) stands on a horizontal surface. The pressure p exerted on the surface by
the cylinder is given by
4W
p= .
πd 2
The measured weight W of the cylinder is 0.38 N ± 2.8%.
(i) Calculate the pressure p.
p = ................................................ N m−2 [1]
(ii) Determine the absolute uncertainty in the value of p.
absolute uncertainty = ................................................ N m−2 [2]
[Total: 4]

5
1 (a) Define velocity.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The speed v of a sound wave through a gas of pressure P and density ρ is given by the
equation
v= kP
ρ
An experiment is performed to determine the value of k. The data from the experiment are
shown in Fig. 1.1.

v 3.3 × 102 m s−1 ± 3%
P 9.9 × 104 Pa ± 2%
ρ 1.29 kg m−3 ± 4%
Fig. 1.1
(i) Use data from Fig. 1.1 to calculate k.
k = .......................................................... [2]
(ii) Use your answer in (b)(i) and data from Fig. 1.1 to determine the value of k, with its
absolute uncertainty, to an appropriate number of significant figures.
k = ....................................... ± ....................................... [3]
[Total: 6]

5
1 (a) State one similarity and one difference between distance and displacement.
similarity: ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
difference: .................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) A student takes several measurements of the same quantity. This set of measurements has
high precision, but low accuracy.
Describe what is meant by:
(i) high precision
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) low accuracy.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 4]

5
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) The drag force FD acting on a car moving with speed v along a straight horizontal road is
given by
FD = v 2Ak
where k is a constant and A is the cross-sectional area of the car.
Determine the SI base units of k.
SI base units ......................................................... [2]
(c) The value of k, in SI base units, for the car in (b) is 0.24. The cross-sectional area A of the
car is 5.1 m2.
The car is travelling with a constant speed along a straight road and the output power of the
engine is 4.8 × 104 W. Assume that the output power of the engine is equal to the rate at which
the drag force FD is doing work against the car.
Determine the speed of the car.
speed = ................................................ m s–1 [3]
[Total: 6]

5
1 (a) Use an expression for work done, in terms of force, to show that the SI base units of energy
are kg m2 s–2.
[2]
(b) (i) The energy E stored in an electrical component is given by

Q2
E=
2C
where Q is charge and C is a constant.
Use this equation and the information in (a) to determine the SI base units of C.
SI base units ......................................................... [2]
(ii) Measurements of a constant current in a wire are taken using an analogue ammeter.
For these measurements, describe one possible cause of:
1. a random error
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2. a systematic error.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 6]

ESTIMATIONS, CRO AND
CALIBRATIONS
MARKING KEY
9702/02/M/J/08
9702/02/M/J/09
9702/23/M/J/16
9702/21/O/N/09
9702/23/O/N/13
UNITS AND CONVERSIONS
MARKING KEY
9702/22/M/J/09
9702/21/M/J/10
9702/21/M/J/12
9702/22/M/J/13
9702/23/M/J/13
9702/22/M/J/14
9702/23/M/J/14
9702/21/M/J/15
9702/22/M/J/15
9702/23/M/J/15
9702/02/O/N/08
9702/21/O/N/10
9702/21/O/N/13
9702/21/O/N/14
9702/23/O/N/14
9702/21/O/N/15
9702/23/O/N/15
9702/22/O/N/16
9702/21/M/J/17
9702/22/M/J/17
9702/21/O/N/17
9702/23/O/N/17
9702/22/M/J/18
ERROR AND
UNCERTAINITIES
MARKING KEY
9702/22/M/J/10
9702/23/M/J/10
9702/21/M/J/11
9702/23/M/J/11
9702/22/M/J/12
9702/21/M/J/13
9702/22/M/J/14
9702/21/M/J/16
9702/23/M/J/16
9702/22/O/N/09
9702/23/O/N/13
9702/21/O/N/14
9702/21/O/N/15
9702/23/O/N/16
9702/22/O/N/17
9702/21/M/J/18
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND MEASUREMENTS
(UNITS AND CONVERSION) [THEORY]
9702/21
MAY/JUNE/2017/Q1
9702/22
MAY/JUNE/2017/Q1
9702/21
OCT/NOV/2017/Q1
9702/23
OCT/NOV/2017/Q1
9702/22
MAY/JUNE/2018/Q1
(ERRORS AND UNCERTAINITIES) [THEORY]
9702/22
OCT/NOV/2017/Q1
9702/21
MAY/JUNE/2018/Q1
(UPDATED) [THEORY]
9702/22
OCT/NOV/2019/Q1
9702/21
OCT/NOV/2019/Q1
9702/23
MAY/JUNE/2019/Q1
9702/22
MAY/JUNE/2019/Q1
9702/21
MAY/JUNE/2019/Q1
9702/23
MAY/JUNE/2020/Q1
9702/22
MAY/JUNE/2020/Q1
9702/21
MAY/JUNE/2020/Q1
Kinematics
Linear and
Projectile Motion
PHYSICS 9702/01
1 hour
5 Four students each made a series of measurements of the acceleration of free fall g. The table
shows the results obtained.
Which set of results could be described as precise but not accurate?
g / m s–2
A 9.81 9.79 9.84 9.83

B 9.81 10.12 9.89 8.94
C 9.45 9.21 8.99 8.76
D 8.45 8.46 8.50 8.41
6 An object accelerates in a direction that is always perpendicular to its motion. What is the effect,
if any, of the acceleration on the object’s speed and direction?
speed direction
A changes changes
B changes constant
C constant changes
D constant constant
1
7 The acceleration of free fall on a planet P is of the acceleration of free fall on Earth.
6
The mass of a body on planet P is 30 kg.
What is its weight on planet P?

A 4.9 N B 49 N C 180 N D 290 N
8 A football is dropped from the top of a tall building.
Which acceleration-time graph best represents the motion of the football through the air?
A B
acceleration acceleration
0 0
0 time 0 time
C D
0 0
0 time 0 time
9 Which is a statement of the principle of conservation of momentum?
A Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.

B Momentum is conserved only in elastic collisions.
C Momentum is conserved by all bodies in a collision.
D Momentum is conserved providing no external forces act.
PHYSICS 9702/01
1 hour
Which ammeter reading will be nearest to the correct value?
A 0.2 A B 0.4 A C 0.6 A D 0.8 A
6 The diagram shows a velocity-time graph for a car.
12
velocity
/ m s–1 10
0
0 1
time / s
What is the distance travelled during the first 4.0 s?
A 2.5 m B 3.0 m C 20 m D 28 m
7 A stone is thrown upwards and follows a curved path.
Air resistance is negligible.
Why does the path have this shape?
A The stone has a constant horizontal velocity and constant vertical acceleration.
B The stone has a constant horizontal acceleration and constant vertical velocity.
C The stone has a constant upward acceleration followed by a constant downward acceleration.
D The stone has a constant upward velocity followed by a constant downward velocity.
8 Which graph represents the motion of a car that is travelling along a straight road with a speed
that increases uniformly with time?
A B
0 0
0 time 0 time
C D
displacement displacement
0 0
0 time 0 time
A ball falls vertically and bounces on the ground.
9
The following statements are about the forces acting while the ball is in contact with the ground.
A The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always equal to the weight of the ball.
B The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always equal in magnitude and opposite in
direction to the force the ground exerts on the ball.
C The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always less than the weight of the ball.
D The weight of the ball is always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force that
the ground exerts on the ball.
10 Two spheres approach each other along the same straight line. Their speeds are u1 and u2
before collision, and v1 and v2 after collision, in the directions shown below.
before collision u1 u2
after collision v1 v2
Which equation is correct if the collision is perfectly elastic?
A u1 – u2 = v2 + v1
B u1 – u2 = v2 – v1
C u1 + u2 = v2 + v1
D u1 + u2 = v2 – v1
12 A wooden block rests on a rough board. The end of the board is then raised until the block slides
down the plane of the board at constant velocity v.
block
v
board
Which row describes the forces acting on the block when sliding with constant velocity?
frictional force on block resultant force on block
A down the plane down the plane

B down the plane zero
C up the plane down the plane
D up the plane zero
PHYSICS 9702/01
1 hour
5 Which displacement-time graph best represents the motion of a falling sphere, the initial
acceleration of which eventually reduces until it begins to travel at constant terminal velocity?
A B
0 0
0 time 0 time
C D
0 0
0 time 0 time
7 Which statement about Newton’s laws of motion is correct?
A The first law follows from the second law.

B The third law follows from the second law.
C Conservation of energy is a consequence of the third law.
D Conservation of linear momentum is a consequence of the first law.
8 The diagram shows the path of a golf ball.
Which row describes changes in the horizontal and vertical components of the golf ball’s velocity,
when air resistance forces are ignored?
horizontal vertical
A constant deceleration constant acceleration downwards

B constant deceleration acceleration decreases upwards then increases downwards
C constant velocity constant acceleration downwards
D constant velocity acceleration decreases upwards then increases downwards
6 When a car driver sees a hazard ahead, she applies the brakes as soon as she can and brings
the car to rest.
The graph shows how the speed v of the car varies with time t after she sees the hazard.
0
0 t1 t2 t
Which graph represents the variation with time t of the distance s travelled by the car after she
has seen the hazard?
A B
s s
0 0
0 t1 t2 t 0 t1 t2 t
C D
s s
0 0
0 t1 t2 t 0 t1 t2 t
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
8 The diagram shows a velocity-time graph for a vehicle.
16
velocity 14
/ m s–1
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 1
time / s
The vehicle, moving at 4.0 m s–1, begins to accelerate at time = 0.
What is the vehicle’s acceleration at time = 3.0 s?
A 0.67 m s–2 B 1.0 m s–2 C 1.3 m s–2 D 2.0 m s–2
9 A small steel ball falls freely under gravity after being released from rest.
Which graph best represents the variation of the height h of the ball with time t ?
A B C D
h h h h
0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
7 A ball is thrown horizontally in still air from the top of a very tall building. The ball is affected by air
resistance.
What happens to the horizontal and to the vertical components of the ball’s velocity?

A decreases to zero increases at a constant rate

B decreases to zero increases to a constant value
C remains constant increases at a constant rate
D remains constant increases to a constant value
8 The velocity-time graph below is for a stone thrown vertically up into the air. Air resistance is
negligible.
velocity
X
0
0 t time
Y
The stone is thrown up at time zero.
Area X represents a distance of 5 m. Area Y represents a distance of 3 m.
What is the displacement of the stone from its initial position at time t ?
A 2m B 3m C 5m D 8m
9 In order that a train can stop safely, it will always pass a signal showing a yellow light before it
reaches a signal showing a red light. Drivers apply the brake at the yellow light and this results in
a uniform deceleration to stop exactly at the red light.
The distance between the red and yellow lights is x.
What must be the minimum distance between the lights if the train speed is increased by 20 %,
without changing the deceleration of the trains?
A 1.20 x B 1.25 x C 1.44 x D 1.56 x

PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
6 A football is dropped from the top of a three-storey building. It falls through air until it reaches the
ground.
What remains constant throughout the fall?
A acceleration of the football

B air resistance on the football
C velocity of the football
D weight of the football
8 A moving body undergoes uniform acceleration while travelling in a straight line between points
X, Y and Z. The distances XY and YZ are both 40 m. The time to travel from X to Y is 12 s and
from Y to Z is 6.0 s.
What is the acceleration of the body?
A 0.37 m s–2 B 0.49 m s–2 C 0.56 m s–2 D 1.1 m s–2

7 A student throws a ball in the positive direction vertically upwards.
The ball makes an elastic collision with the ceiling, rebounds and accelerates back to the
student’s hand in a time of 1.2 s.
Which graph best represents the acceleration of the ball from the moment it leaves the hand to
the instant just before it returns to the hand?
A B
0 time / s 0 time / s
0 1.2 0 1.2
C D
0 1.2 0 1.2
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
1.50 s 115 mm
3.50 s 385 mm
−
3.50 − 1.50 2.00
A 2 + 0.04
270 2.00
B 2 – 0.04
270 2.00
C 1 × 0.02
270 2.00
D 1 ÷ 0.02
270 2.00
6 The graph shows how the acceleration of an object moving in a straight line varies with time.
acceleration
0
0 time
Which graph shows the variation with time of the velocity of the object?
A B
velocity velocity
0 0
0 time 0 time
C D
velocity velocity
0
0
time
0
0 time
7 A ball is released from rest at time zero. After 1.0 s it bounces inelastically from a horizontal
surface and rebounds, reaching the top of its first bounce after 1.5 s.
10
velocity
/ m s–1
5
0 time / s
0 0.5 1.0
. 1.5
What is the total displacement of the ball from its original position after 1.5 s?
A 1.25 m B 3.75 m C 5.00 m D 6.25 m

PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
6 A bullet is fired horizontally with speed v from a rifle. For a short time t after leaving the rifle, the
only force affecting its motion is gravity. The acceleration of free fall is g.
the horizontal distance travelled in time t
Which expression gives the value of ?
the vertical distance travelled in time t
A vt B v C 2vt D 2v
g gt g gt
7 A particle moves in the manner shown by the velocity-time graph.
The displacement of the particle has been measured so that it is zero at t = 0. Point Q refers to a
point in its motion.
velocity Q
2
/ m s–1
0
0 5 10 15 20 time / s
–2
Which row of the table is correct?
times for maximum acceleration at

displacement / s point Q / m s–2
A 2.5
.5 1 2
B 5 1 2
C 2.5
.5 1 0
D 5 1 0
8 A tennis ball falls freely, in air, from the top of a tall building.
Which graph best represents the variation of distance s fallen with time t ?
A B
s s
0 0
0 t 0 t
C D
s s
0 0
0 t 0 t
9 A small glider moves along a friction-free horizontal air track as shown below.
elastic buffer
glider
air track
air
At each end of the air track there is a perfectly elastic buffer.
Which graph represents the variation with time t of the velocity v of the glider as it moves
between the two buffers?
A B
v v
0 0
0 t 0 t
C D
v v
0 0
0 t 0 t
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
6 A ball is released from rest on a smooth slope XY.
It moves down the slope, along a smooth horizontal surface YZ and rebounds inelastically at Z.
Then it moves back to Y and comes to rest momentarily somewhere on XY.
Y Z
Which velocity-time graph represents the motion of the ball?
velocity
A 0 time
velocity
B 0 time
velocity
C 0 time
velocity
D 0 time
7 A tennis ball is released from rest at the top of a tall building.
Which graph best represents the variation with time t of the acceleration a of the ball as it falls,
assuming that the effect of air resistance is not negligible?
A B
a a
0 0
0 t 0 t
C D
a a
0 0
0 t 0 t
8 A boy throws a ball vertically upwards. It rises to a maximum height, where it is momentarily at
rest, and then falls back to his hands.
Which row gives the acceleration of the ball at various stages in its motion? (Take vertically
upwards as positive. Ignore air resistance.)
at maximum
rising falling
height
A –9.81 m s–2 0 +9.81 m s–2

B –9.81 m s–2 –9.81 m s–2 –9.81 m s–2
C +9.81 m s–2 +9.81 m s–2 +9.81 m s–2
D +9.81 m s–2 0 –9.81 m s–2
9 A body falling in a uniform gravitational field encounters air resistance. The air resistance
increases until terminal velocity is reached.
Which factor does not affect its terminal velocity?
A the density of the air

B the height from which the body falls
C the mass of the body
D the shape of the body
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
6 The velocity of an object during the first five seconds of its motion is shown on the graph.
20
velocity / m s–1
15
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
time / s
What is the distance travelled by the object in this time?
A 4m B 20 m C 50 m D 100 m
7 A stone of mass m is dropped from a tall building. There is significant air resistance. The
acceleration of free fall is g.
When the stone reaches its terminal velocity, which information is correct?
magnitude of magnitude of the magnitude of the

the acceleration force of gravity force of air resistance
of the stone on the stone on the stone
A g mg
g
B zero mg mg
C zero
ero mg
D zero
ero
8 The variation with time t of the distance s moved by a body is shown below.
0
0 t
What can be deduced from the graph about the motion of the body?
A It accelerates continuously.
B It starts from rest.
C The distance is proportional to time.
D The speed changes.
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
6 In an experiment to determine the acceleration of free fall using a falling body, what would lead to
a value that is too large?
A air resistance
B dimensions of the body are too large
C measured distance longer than true distance
D measured time longer than true time
7 Which feature of a graph allows acceleration to be determined?
A the area under a displacement-time graph

B the area under a velocity-time graph
C the slope of a displacement-time graph
D the slope of a velocity-time graph
8 The diagram shows a laboratory experiment in which a feather falls from rest in a long evacuated
vertical tube of length L.
feather
L
vacuum
The feather takes time T to fall from the top to the bottom of the tube.
How far will the feather have fallen from the top of the tube in time 0.50 T?
A 0.13 L B 0.25 L C 0.38 L D 0.50 L

In the absence of air resistance, a stone is thrown from P and follows a parabolic path in which
9
the highest point reached is T. The stone reaches point Q just before landing.
Q
P
The vertical component of acceleration of the stone is
A zero at T.
B larger at T than at Q.
C larger at Q than at T.
D the same at Q as at T.
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
7 The graph shows how the velocity v of an object moving in a straight line varies over time t = 0 to
t = T.
0
0 T t
Which graph represents the displacement s of the object in the time t = 0 to t = T ?
A B
s s
0
0 T t
0
0 T t
C D
s s
0 0
0 T t 0 T t
8 Two markers M1 and M2 are set up a vertical distance h apart.
steel ball
time zero
x
M1 time t1
M2 time t2
A steel ball is released at time zero from a point a distance x above M1. The ball reaches M1 at
time t1 and reaches M2 at time t2. The acceleration of the ball is constant.
Which expression gives the acceleration of the ball?

2h 2h 2h 2h
A B C D
t 22 (t 2 + t 1) (t 2 − t 1) 2 (t 2 2 − t 1 2 )
9 A brick is dislodged from a building and falls vertically under gravity.
Which graph best represents the variation of its height h above the ground with time t if air
resistance is negligible?
A B C D
h h h h
0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
10 A projectile is launched at point O and follows the path OPQRS, as shown. Air resistance may be
neglected.
Q
P R
O S
Which statement is true for the projectile when it is at the highest point Q of its path?
A The horizontal component of the projectile’s acceleration is zero.

B The horizontal component of the projectile’s velocity is zero.
C The kinetic energy of the projectile is zero.
D The momentum of the projectile is zero.
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
8 The velocity of an electric car changes as shown.
150
velocity
/ km h–1
100
50
0
0 1
time / s
What is the acceleration of the car?
A 190 m s–2 B 53 m s–2 C 26 m s–2 D 7.3 m s–2
9 A ball is thrown vertically in air.
Neglecting air resistance, which property of the ball can never be zero at any time during the
flight?
A acceleration
B kinetic energy
C speed
D velocity
10 A golf ball is hit with the same force and direction on the Earth and on the Moon.
Which diagram best represents the shapes of the paths taken by the golf ball?
A B
Moon
Moon
Earth Earth
C D
Moon
Moon
Earth Earth
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
8 A science museum designs an experiment to show the fall of a feather in a vertical glass vacuum
tube.
The time of fall from rest is to be close to 0.5 s.
What length of tube is required?
A 1.3 m B 2.5 m C 5.0 m D 10.0 m
10 The dotted line shows the path of a competitor in a ski-jumping competition.
0 x
skier
P
Ignoring air resistance, which graph best represents the variation of his speed v with the
horizontal distance x covered from the start of his jump at P before landing at Q?
A B C D
v v v v
0 0 0 0
0 x 0 x 0 x 0 x
8
9 The graph of velocity against time for an object moving in a straight line is shown.
velocity
0
0 time
What is the corresponding graph of displacement against time?
displacement
0
0 time
displacement
0
0 time
displacement
0
0 time
displacement
0
0 time
11 The velocity of a car changes as shown.
120
velocity
/ km h–1
80
40
0
0 5 10 15 20
time / s
A 1.1 m s–2 B 4.0 m s–2 C 224 m s–2 D 800 m s–2

PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour
8 A bicycle brakes so that it undergoes uniform deceleration from a speed of 8 m s–1 to 6 m s–1 over
a distance of 7 m.
If the deceleration of the bicycle remains constant, what further distance will it travel before
coming to rest?
A 7m B 9m C 16 m D 21 m
9 A ball is released from rest above a horizontal surface. It bounces once and is caught.
Which graph represents the variation with time t of the velocity v of the ball?
A B C D
v v v v
0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
8
10 A mass on the end of a spring bounces up and down as shown, after being released at time t = 0.
distance up
0
0 time t
distance down
Which graph shows how the velocity varies with time?
velocity up
A 0
0 time t
velocity up
B 0
0 time t
velocity up
C 0
0 time t
velocity up
D 0
0 time t
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
3 A cannon fires a cannonball with an initial speed v at an angle α to the horizontal.
v
H
α
Which equation is correct for the maximum height H reached?
H = g sinα H = g sinα
2
H = v sinα H = (v sinα )
2
A B C D
2g 2v 2g 2v
4 A wave has a frequency of 5 GHz.
What is the period of the wave?
A 20 000 µs
B 20 ns
C 2 ns
D 200 ps
7 A body is released from rest and falls vertically in air of constant density.
Which statement about the motion of the falling body is correct?
A As it accelerates, its weight decreases so that its acceleration decreases until it travels with
constant velocity.
B It accelerates initially at 9.8 m s–2 but the drag force increases so its acceleration decreases.
C Its velocity increases at a constant rate until its velocity becomes constant.
D The drag force of the air increases continually and eventually the velocity decreases.
8 A goods train passes through a station at a steady speed of 10 m s–1. An express train is at rest at
the station. The express train leaves the station with a uniform acceleration of 0.5 m s–2 just as the
goods train goes past. Both trains move in the same direction on straight, parallel tracks.
How much time passes before the express train overtakes the goods train?
A 6s B 10 s C 20 s D 40 s
9 A car is stationary at traffic lights. When the traffic lights go green, the driver presses down
sharply on the accelerator. The resultant horizontal force acting on the car varies with time as
shown.
force
0
0 time
Which graph shows the variation with time of the speed of the car?
A B
speed speed
0 0
0 time 0 time
C D
speed speed
0 0
0 time 0 time
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
7 The diagram shows an arrangement to stop trains that are travelling too fast.
speed 50 m s–1
direction maximum speed
of travel 10 m s–1
train marker 1 marker 2
Trains coming from the left travel at a speed of 50 m s–1. At marker 1, the driver must apply the
brakes so that the train decelerates uniformly in order to pass marker 2 at no more than 10 m s –1.
The train carries a detector that notes the times when the train passes each marker and will apply
an emergency brake if the time between passing marker 1 and marker 2 is less than
20 s.
How far from marker 2 should marker 1 be placed?
A 200 m B 400 m C 500 m D 600 m
8 A ball is released from rest above a horizontal surface and bounces several times.
The graph shows how, for this ball, a quantity y varies with time.
0
0 time
What is the quantity y ?
A acceleration
B displacement
C kinetic energy
D velocity
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour
7 A double-ended launching device fires two identical steel balls X and Y at exactly the same time.
The diagram shows the initial velocities of the balls. They are both launched horizontally, but Y
has greater speed.
launching device
X Y
Which statement explains what an observer would see?
A Both X and Y reach the ground simultaneously, because air resistance will cause both to
have the same final speed.
B Both X and Y reach the ground simultaneously, because gravitational acceleration is the
same for both.
C X reaches the ground before Y, because X lands nearer to the launcher.
D Y reaches the ground before X, because Y has greater initial speed.
8 At time t = 0, a body moves from rest with constant acceleration in a straight line. At time t, the
body is distance s from its rest position.
A graph is drawn of s against t 2, as shown.
0
0 t2
Which statement describes the acceleration of the body?
A It is equal to half the value of the gradient of the graph.

B It is equal to the value of the gradient of the graph.
C It is equal to twice the value of the gradient of the graph.
D It is equal to the reciprocal of the gradient of the graph.
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
6 One object moves directly from P to R.
In a shorter time, a second object moves from P to Q to R.
Which statement about the two objects is correct for the journey from P to R?
A They have the same average speed.

B They have the same average velocity.
C They have the same displacement.
D They travel the same distance.
7 The graph shows how velocity v varies with time t for a bungee jumper.
v Q
R
0
0 t
At which point is the bungee jumper momentarily at rest and at which point does she have zero
acceleration?
jumper with zero

jumper at rest
acceleration
A Q
B Q
C R
D R
8 An aeroplane travels at an average speed of 600 km h–1 on an outward flight and at 400 km h–1 on
the return flight over the same distance.
What is the average speed of the whole flight?
A 111 m s–1 B 167 m s–1 C 480 km h–1 D 500 km h–1
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour
8 On a particular railway, a train driver applies the brake of the train at a yellow signal, a distance of
1.0 km from a red signal, where the train stops.
The maximum deceleration of the train is 0.20 m s–2.
Assuming uniform deceleration, what is the maximum safe speed of the train at the yellow signal?
A 14 m s–1 B 20 m s–1 C 40 m s–1 D 400 m s–1
9 A person, travelling on a motorway a total distance of 200 km, travels the first 90 km at an
average speed of 80 km h–1.
Which average speed must be obtained for the rest of the journey if the person is to reach the
destination in a total time of 2 hours 0 minutes?
A 110 km h–1 B 120 km h–1 C 122 km h–1 D 126 km h–1

PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
6 A tennis ball is thrown horizontally in air from the top of a tall building.
If the effect of air resistance is not negligible, what happens to the horizontal and vertical
components of the ball’s velocity?

A constant constant
B constant increases at a constant rate
C decreases to zero increases at a constant rate
D decreases to zero increases to a maximum value
7 An object is thrown with velocity 5.2 m s–1 vertically upwards on the Moon. The acceleration due
to gravity on the Moon is 1.62 m s–2.
What is the time taken for the object to return to its starting point?
A 2.5 s B 3.2 s C 4.5 s D 6.4 s

7
8 The graph shows how the acceleration of an object moving in a straight line varies with time.
acceleration
0
0 time
The object starts from rest.
Which graph shows the variation with time of the velocity of the object over the same time
interval?
A B
velocity velocity
0 0
0 time 0 time
C D
velocity velocity
0
0
time
0
0 time
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
6 A radio-controlled toy car travels along a straight line for a time of 15 s.
The variation with time t of the velocity v of the car is shown below.
6.0
v / m s–1
3.0
0
0 5 10 15 t/s
–3.0
–6.0
What is the average velocity of the toy car for the journey shown by the graph?
A –1.5 m s–1 B 0.0 m s–1 C 4.0 m s–1 D 4.5 m s–1

PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour
7 An experiment is performed to measure the acceleration of free fall g. A body falls between two
fixed points. The four measurements shown below are taken.
Which measurement is not required for the calculation of g ?
A the distance fallen by the body

B the initial velocity of the body
C the mass of the body
D the time taken for the body to fall
8 In a cathode-ray tube, an electron is accelerated uniformly in a straight line from a speed of

4 × 103 m s–1 to 2 × 107 m s–1 over a distance of 10 mm.
What is the acceleration of the electron?
A 2 × 103 m s–2
B 2 × 106 m s–2
C 2 × 1013 m s–2
D 2 × 1016 m s–2
9 The graph shows how the speed v of a sprinter changes with time t during a 100 m race.
12
v / m s–1
10
0
0 2 10
t/s
What is the best estimate of the maximum acceleration of the sprinter?
A 0.5 m s–2 B 1 m s–2 C 3 m s–2 D 10 m s–2

PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
5 The acceleration of free fall on the Moon is one-sixth of that on Earth.
On Earth it takes time t for a stone to fall from rest a distance of 2 m.
What is the time taken for a stone to fall from rest a distance of 2 m on the Moon?
A 6t B t C t 6 D t
6 6
6 Which graph represents the motion of a car that is travelling along a straight road with a speed
that increases uniformly with time?
A B
0 0
0 ttime
ime 0
C D
0 0
0 time 0 time
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour
6 In an experiment to determine the acceleration of free fall g, a ball-bearing is held by an

electromagnet. When the current to the electromagnet is switched off, a clock starts and the ball-
bearing falls. After falling a distance h, the ball-bearing strikes a switch to stop the clock which
measures the time t of the fall.
Which expression can be used to calculate the value of g ?
A ht 2 B th 2 C
2t
D 2h
2 2 h2 t2
7 The diagram shows a velocity-time graph for a mass moving up and down on the end of a spring.
Which point represents the velocity of the mass when at the lowest point of its motion?
UP
A
velocity
B D
0
0 time
C
8 A ball is released from rest on a smooth slope XY.
It moves down the slope, along a smooth horizontal surface YZ and rebounds inelastically at Z.
Then it moves back to Y and comes to rest momentarily somewhere on XY.
Y Z
Which velocity-time graph represents the motion of the ball?
velocity
A 0
0 time
velocity
B 0
0 time
velocity
C 0
0 time
velocity
D 0
0 time
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
7 A sphere is released and falls. Its initial acceleration reduces until it eventually begins to travel at
constant terminal velocity. Which displacement-time graph best represents the motion of the
sphere?
A B
0 0
0 time 0 time
C D
0 0
0 time 0 time
8 An insect jumps with an initial vertical velocity of 1.0 m s–1, reaching a maximum height of
3.5 × 10–2 m. Assume the deceleration is uniform.
What is the magnitude of the deceleration?
A 3.6 m s–2 B 9.8 m s–2 C 14 m s–2 D 29 m s–2
9 A body having uniform acceleration a increases its velocity from u to v in time t.
Which expression would not give a correct value for the body’s displacement during time t ?
1
A ut + 2
at 2
1
B vt – 2
at 2
(v + u )(v − u)
C
2a
(v − u)t
D
2
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
8 A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a cliff. Air resistance is negligible.
Which graph shows the variation with time of the vertical component of the stone’s velocity?
A B
velocity velocity
0 0
0 time 0 time
C D
velocity velocity
0 0
0 time 0 time
9 A sprinter runs a 100 m race in a straight line. He accelerates from the starting block at a constant
acceleration of 2.5 m s–2 to reach his maximum speed of 10 m s–1. He maintains this speed until he
crosses the finish line.
Which time does it take the sprinter to run the race?
A 4s B 10 s C 12 s D 20 s
10 A firework rocket is fired vertically upwards. The fuel burns and produces a constant upwards
force on the rocket. After 5 seconds there is no fuel left. Air resistance is negligible.
What is the acceleration before and after 5 seconds?
before 5 seconds after 5 seconds
A constant constant
B constant zero
C increasing constant
D increasing zero
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour
7 A raindrop falls vertically from rest in air. The variation with time of the speed of the raindrop is
shown in the graph.
speed
Y Z
X
0
0 time
Which statement about the raindrop is correct?
A At point X, the raindrop has an acceleration of 9.81 m s–2.

B At point Z, the force on the raindrop due to air resistance has reached its maximum value
and so the acceleration of the raindrop has also reached its maximum value.
C At point Z, the force due to air resistance is equal and opposite to the weight of the raindrop
and so the speed of the raindrop is zero.
D The resultant force on the raindrop at point Y is less than the resultant force on the raindrop
at point X.
150
velocity
/ km h–1
100
50
0
0 1
time / s
A 210 m s–2 B 58 m s–2 C 26 m s–2 D 7.3 m s–2

PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour
7 One of the equations of uniformly accelerated motion is shown.
2 at
1 2
s = ut +
Apparatus is arranged to record the time t taken for a marble to fall between two light gates
connected to timers. The marble touches the stop before it is released. The vertical distance s
between the light gates is measured.
fixed stop
marble
fixed light gate 1

connected to timer
s
movable light gate 2

connected to timer
Which graph does not show a correct relationship when light gate 2 moves up to light gate 1
which is fixed?
A B
s
s/m / m s–1
t
0 0
0 t/s 0 t/s
C D
u / m s–1 a / m s–2
0 0
0 t/s 0 t/s
8 A stone is dropped from a height of 20 m above water. The graph shows the variation with time of
the velocity of the stone.
20
velocity / m s–1
0
0 2 4
time / s
Which statement describes the approximate position of the stone four seconds after it is
dropped?
A It is at a distance of 10 m above the surface of the water.

B It is at a distance of 10 m below the surface of the water.
C It is at a distance of 20 m below the surface of the water.
D It is at a distance of 30 m below the surface of the water.
9 The water surface in a deep well is 78.0 m below the top of the well. A person at the top of the
well drops a heavy stone down the well.
Air resistance is negligible. The speed of sound in the air is 330 m s–1.
What is the time interval between the person dropping the stone and hearing it hitting the water?
A 3.75 s B 3.99 s C 4.19 s D 4.22 s

PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour
7 A boy throws a ball vertically upwards. It rises to a maximum height, where it is momentarily at
rest, and then falls back to his hands.
Which row gives the acceleration of the ball at various stages in its motion? (Take vertically
upwards as positive. Ignore air resistance.)
at maximum
rising falling
height
A –9.81 m s–2 0 +9.81 m s–2

B –9.81 m s–2 –9.81 m s–2 –9.81 m s–2
C +9.81 m s–2 +9.81 m s–2 +9.81 m s–2
D +9.81 m s–2 0 –9.81 m s–2
8 The curved line PQR is the velocity-time graph for a car starting from rest.
velocity R
P S
0
0 5 time / s
What is the average acceleration of the car over the first 5 s?
A the area below the curve PQ

B the area of the triangle PQS
C the gradient of the straight line PQ
D the gradient of the tangent at Q
9 A ball is released from rest above a horizontal surface. It strikes the surface and bounces several
times.
The velocity-time graph for the first two bounces is shown.
3.00
velocity
/ m s–1 2.00
0
0 0.30 0.50 0.70 time / s
–2.00
What is the maximum height of the ball after the first bounce?
A 0.20 m B 0.25 m C 0.45 m D 0.65 m
10 A bus takes a time of 25 s to reach a constant speed while travelling in a straight line. A graph of
speed v against time t is shown.
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
t/s
Which graph shows the variation with t of the resultant force F on the bus?
A B C D
F F F F
0 0 0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
t/s t/s t/s t/s
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour
8 A cheetah and an antelope are 100 m apart. The cheetah spots the antelope and runs towards it.
The antelope reacts to the cheetah after one second and runs directly away from the cheetah.
Both animals take 2 seconds to reach their top speeds. The graph shows how the speeds of the
two animals vary with time.
35
speed
m s–1 30 cheetah
25 antelope
20
15
10
0
0 5 10 15 20
time / s
How far apart are the animals, 17 seconds after the cheetah began running?
A 4m B 11 m C 54 m D 89 m
9 A boy throws a stone with a horizontal velocity of 10 m s–1 from the top of a building. The height of
the building is 8.0 m. The stone travels along a curved path until it hits the ground, as shown in
the diagram.
10 m s–1
building
8.0 m
ground
How long does it take the stone to reach the ground? (Air resistance can be neglected.)
A 0.61 s B 0.80 s C 1.3 s D 1.6 s

10 A football is released above a plane, sloping surface and bounces several times. The diagram
shows its path between its bounces at X and at Y. Assume that there is no air resistance.
Which graph correctly shows the variation with time t of the horizontal component of its velocity vh
between X and Y?
A B
vh vh
0 0
0 t 0 t
C D
vh vh
0
0 t
0
0 t
11 A rocket of mass 30 000 kg sits on a launch pad on the Earth’s surface. The rocket motors
provide an upward force of 330 kN on the rocket.
What is the initial acceleration of the rocket?
A 0.12 m s–2
B 1.1 m s–2
C 1.2 m s–2
D 11 m s–2
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour 15 minutes
6 A car accelerates uniformly from velocity u to velocity v in time t.
velocity
v S
Q R
u T
P W
N V U
0
0 t t time
2
On the graph, which area equals the distance travelled by the car in time t ?
A NPTU + PQST
B NPW V + VRSU
C NPW V + WRST
D PST + PQS
8 Two cars X and Y are positioned as shown at time t = 0.
They are travelling in the same direction.
X is 50 m behind Y and has a constant velocity of 30 m s–1. Y has a constant velocity of 20 m s–1.
30 m s–1
X
20 m s–1
50 m
What is the value of t when X is level with Y?
A 1.0 s B 1.7 s C 2.5 s D 5.0 s

7 A student uses a spring gun to launch a steel ball with a constant horizontal velocity. He varies
the height h of the gun and measures the horizontal displacement r of the ball when it hits the
ground.
gun
Which graph shows the variation with height h of the horizontal displacement r ?
A B
r r
0 0
0 h 0 h
C D
r r
0 0
0 h 0 h
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour 15 minutes
6 The acceleration of free fall on the Moon is 1.6 m s–2. The Moon has no atmosphere. An astronaut
standing on the surface of the Moon drops a feather.
Which graph shows the variation with time of the speed of the feather during the first second of its
fall?
A B
speed 1.6 speed 1.6

/ m s–1 / m s–1
0 0
0 1 0 1
time / s time / s
C D
speed 1.6 speed 1.6

/ m s–1 / m s–1
0 0
0 1 0 1
time / s time / s
7 A tennis ball is released from rest at the top of a tall building.
Which graph best represents the variation with time t of the acceleration a of the ball as it falls,
assuming that the effect of air resistance is not negligible?
A B
a a
0 0
0 t 0 t
C D
a a
0 0
0 t 0 t
8 The graph shows how the velocity v of an object moving in a straight line varies with time t from
t = 0 to t = T.
0
0 T t
Which graph represents the displacement s of the object in the time t = 0 to t = T ?
A B
s s
0
0 T t
0
0 T t
C D
s s
0 0
0 T t 0 T t
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour 15 minutes
6 A ball rolls in a straight line up a ramp and then back down the ramp along its original path.
Which graph shows the variation with time of the ball’s velocity?
A B
velocity velocity
0 0
0 time 0 time
C D
velocity velocity
0 0
0 time 0 time
7 A ball is thrown with velocity V at an angle θ to the horizontal.
θ
x
The acceleration of free fall is g. Assume that air resistance is negligible.
What are the horizontal displacement x and the vertical displacement y after time t?
x
1
A Vt cos θ Vt sin θ + 2
gt 2
1
B Vt cos θ Vt sin θ – 2
gt 2
1
C Vt sin θ Vt cos θ + 2
gt 2
1
D Vt sin θ Vt cos θ – 2
gt 2
8 A ball travels from point X to point Y around a semi-circular track of radius 1.0 m as shown.
north ball
west east
south 1.0 m
What is the displacement of the ball from X to Y?
A 2.0 m
B 2.0 m due south
C 3.1 m
D 3.1 m due south
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour 15 minutes
6 A cyclist pedals along a raised horizontal track. At the end of the track, he travels horizontally into
the air and onto a track that is vertically 2.0 m lower.
higher horizontal track
2.0 m
lower horizontal track
6.0 m
The cyclist travels a horizontal distance of 6.0 m in the air. Air resistance is negligible.
What is the horizontal velocity v of the cyclist at the end of the higher track?
A 6.3 m s–1 B 9.4 m s–1 C 9.9 m s–1 D 15 m s–1
7 An astronaut on the Moon, where there is no air resistance, throws a ball. The ball’s initial velocity
has a vertical component of 8.00 m s–1 and a horizontal component of 4.00 m s–1, as shown.
initial velocity
path of ball
8.00 m s–1
4.00 m s–1
The acceleration of free fall on the Moon is 1.62 m s–2.
What will be the speed of the ball 9.00 s after being thrown?
A 6.6 m s–1 B 7.7 m s–1 C 10.6 m s–1 D 14.6 m s–1

8 A car is travelling at constant velocity. At time t = 0, the driver of the car sees an obstacle in the
road and then brakes to a halt. The graph shows the variation with t of the velocity of the car.
velocity / m s–1
20
0
0 0.8 5.0 t/s
How far does the car travel in the 5.0 s after the driver sees the obstacle?
A 16 m B 42 m C 58 m D 84 m
9 A car is stationary at traffic lights. When the traffic lights change to green, the driver presses
down sharply on the accelerator. The resultant horizontal force acting on the car varies with time
as shown.
force
0
0 time
Which graph shows the variation with time of the speed of the car?
A B
speed speed
0 0
0 time 0 time
C D
speed speed
0 0
0 time 0 time
10 A beach-ball falls vertically from a high hotel window. Air resistance is not negligible.
Which graph shows the variation with time t of the acceleration a of the ball?
A B
a a
0 0
0 t 0 t
C D
a a
0 0
0 t 0 t
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour 15 minutes
7 A lorry travels at a constant speed and then decelerates until it stops.
Which graph shows the variation with time of the distance travelled by the lorry?
A B
distance distance
0 0
0 time 0 time
C D
distance distance
0 0
0 time 0 time
8 The graph shows the vertical velocity of a parachutist during the first 20 s of her jump.
60
velocity
/ m s–1
40
20
0
0 5 10 15 20
time / s
Approximately how far does she fall before opening the parachute?
A 390 m B 570 m C 710 m D 770 m

9 A girl is jumping on a trampoline.
Which graph shows the variation of the girl’s velocity v with time t?
A B C D
v v v v
0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
10 In order that a train can stop safely, it will always pass a signal showing a yellow light before it
reaches a signal showing a red light. Drivers apply the brake at the yellow light and this results in
a uniform deceleration to stop exactly at the red light.
The distance between the red and yellow lights is x.
If the speed of the train is increased by 20%, without changing the deceleration of the train, what
must be the minimum distance between the lights?
A 1.20 x B 1.25 x C 1.44 x D 1.56 x

PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour 15 minutes
4 The values of displacement, velocity and acceleration of a vehicle can be deduced from graphs
representing its motion. Often the areas under these graphs, or the gradients of the graphs, are
used.
What would not give a value for a displacement, a velocity or an acceleration?
A area under a velocity-time graph

B gradient of a displacement-time graph
C gradient of a velocity-time graph
D gradient of an acceleration-time graph
5 A ball is released from rest above a hard, horizontal surface. The graph shows how the velocity of
the bouncing ball varies with time.
At which point on the graph does the ball reach its maximum height after the first bounce?
velocity
D
A
0
0 C time
6 A ball is kicked upwards at an angle of 45° to horizontal ground. After a short flight, the ball
returns to the ground.
It may be assumed that air resistance is negligible.
What is never zero during the flight of the ball?
A the horizontal component of the ball’s acceleration

B the horizontal component of the ball’s velocity
C the vertical component of the ball’s momentum
D the vertical component of the ball’s velocity
8 An object is dropped at time t = 0 from a high building. Air resistance is significant.
Three graphs are plotted against time.
the height of the object above the ground

the speed of the object
the magnitude of the resultant force on the object
0
0 time
0
0 time
0
0 time
What are the quantities X, Y and Z?
magnitude of
height of the object
speed of the object the resultant force
above the ground
on the object
A X Z
B X
C Y
D Z X
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour 15 minutes
6 A ball is set in motion at P on a frictionless surface. It moves up slope PQ, along the horizontal
surface QR and finally descends slope RS.
Q R
P S
Which graph could represent the variation with time t of the ball’s speed v as the ball moves from
P to S?
A B
v v
0 0
0 t 0 t
C D
v v
0 0
0 t 0 t
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour 15 minutes
5 On a planet, a vertically-launched projectile takes 12.5 s to return to its starting position. The
projectile gains a maximum height of 170 m. The planet does not have an atmosphere.
What is the acceleration of free fall on this planet?
A 2.2 m s–2 B 8.7 m s–2 C 27 m s–2 D 54 m s–2
6 A displacement-time graph for a toy car is shown.
2
displacement / m
0 time / s
0 2 4 10
–2
Which graph shows the variation with time of the velocity v of the car?
A B
2 2
v/ms –1
v/ms –1
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
–2 –2
C D
2 2
v / m s–1 v / m s–1
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
–2 –2
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour 15 minutes
7 An archer shoots an arrow at a target. The diagram shows the path of the arrow.
path of arrow
target
archer
Air resistance is assumed to be negligible.
The graphs show how three different quantities p, q and r, relating to the motion of the arrow,
vary with time.
p q r
0 0 0
0 time 0 time 0 time
Which quantity is the horizontal component of displacement and which quantity is the vertical
component of displacement of the arrow?
horizontal vertical
component of component of
A p
B q
C r
D r
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour 15 minutes
6 A hot-air balloon is moving vertically upwards with a constant speed of 3.00 m s–1. A sandbag is
dropped from the balloon. It takes 5.00 s for the sandbag to fall to the ground.
What was the height of the balloon when the sandbag was released?
A 29 m B 108 m C 123 m D 138 m
7 The velocity-time graph for a train starting at one station and stopping at the next is shown.
velocity
0
0 time
Another train has double the acceleration but the same maximum speed and the same
deceleration.
Which velocity-time graph, on the same scale, shows the motion of this train between the same
stations?
A B
velocity velocity
0 0
0 time 0 time
C D
velocity velocity
0 0
0 time 0 time
8 A stone is released from rest and falls a long distance in air.
Which graph could show the variation with time t of the acceleration a of the stone?
A B
a a
0 0
0 t 0 t
C D
a a
0 0
0 t 0 t
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour 15 minutes
6 A football falls from the top of a tall building.
Which graph best represents the way in which the distance x fallen varies with time t ?
A B C D
x x x x
0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
7 Two identical cars P and Q are travelling along a straight road. Car Q is travelling at twice the
speed of car P. The brakes are applied to both cars, producing the same constant deceleration.
Which graph shows how the velocity v of each car varies with time t ?
A B C D
v v v v
Q Q
Q Q
P P
P P
0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour 15 minutes
6 A tennis ball falls freely, in air, from the top of a tall building.
Which graph best represents the variation with time t of the distance s fallen?
A B
s s
0 0
0 t 0 t
C D
s s
0 0
0 t 0 t
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour 15 minutes
5 The velocity of an object changes with time t as shown.
velocity
0
0 t
Which graph best shows the variation with time t of the displacement s of the object?
A B
s s
0 0
0 t 0 t
C D
s s
0 0
0 t 0 t
6 A projectile is launched at an angle to the horizontal at time t = 0. It travels over horizontal
ground, as shown.
path of projectile
ground
Assume that air resistance is negligible.
Which graph best shows the variation with t of the speed of the projectile from when it is launched
to when it lands on the ground?
A B
speed speed
0 0
0 t 0 t
C D
speed speed
0 0
0 t 0 t
7 A sky-diver falls vertically from a helicopter and reaches constant (terminal) velocity. The graph
shows the variation with time t of the speed v of the sky-diver.
0
0 t
Which graph shows the variation with time t of the distance d fallen by the sky-diver?
A B C D
d d d d
0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour 15 minutes
6 A rock on the surface of Mars is projected vertically upwards with an initial speed of 9.4 m s–1. The
rock rises to a height of 12 m above the surface.
Assume there is no atmosphere on Mars.
What is the acceleration of free fall near the surface of Mars?
A 0.39 m s–2 B 3.7 m s–2 C 7.4 m s–2 D 9.8 m s–2
8 A sky-diver falls from a stationary balloon at time t = 0. As the sky-diver falls, her speed and the
air resistance increase until the force of the air resistance is equal to her weight.
Which graph best shows the variation with time t of the displacement s for the motion of the
sky-diver?
A B C D
s s s s
0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour 15 minutes
3 A particle has velocity V at an angle θ to the horizontal.
The components of the particle’s velocity are Vv upwards in the vertical direction and Vh to the
right in the horizontal direction, as shown.
V
Vv
θ
Vh
What are expressions for the magnitude of V and for the angle θ ?
magnitude of V θ
V 
h
A (Vv2 + Vh2 ) tan–1  

V 
v
V 
B (Vv2 + Vh2 ) tan–1  v 
 Vh 
V 
h
C (Vv 2 − Vh2) tan–1  

V 
v
V 
D (Vv 2 − Vh2) tan–1  v 
 Vh 
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour 15 minutes
6 A lead sphere is released from rest at point X, a long way above the surface of a planet. The
sphere falls in a vacuum. After a time of 4.0 s, it has fallen through a vertical distance of 3.0 m.
Assume the acceleration of free fall is constant.
How far will the sphere have fallen from point X at a time of 20 s after its release?
A 15 m B 75 m C 80 m D 2000 m
4 A whale produces sound waves of frequency 5 Hz. The waves are detected by a microphone and
displayed on an oscilloscope.
What is the time-base setting on the oscilloscope?
A 0.1 ms div–1 B 1 ms div–1 C 10 ms div–1 D 100 ms div–1
5 The speed shown on a car’s speedometer is proportional to the rate of rotation of the tyres.
The variation of the diameter of a tyre as it wears introduces an error in the speed shown on the
speedometer.
A car has new tyres of diameter 600 mm. The speedometer is accurately calibrated for this
diameter.
The tyres wear as shown, with 6 mm of material being removed from the outer surface.
not to scale
6 mm
new tyre
worn tyre
What is the error in the speed shown on the speedometer after this wear has taken place?
A The speed shown is too high by 1%.

B The speed shown is too high by 2%.
C The speed shown is too low by 1%.
D The speed shown is too low by 2%.

6 A car travels along a straight horizontal road. The graph shows the variation of the velocity v of
the car with time t for 6.0 s of its journey.
30
v / m s–1
20
10
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
t/s
The brakes of the car are applied from t = 1.0 s to t = 4.0 s.
How far does the car travel while the brakes are applied?
A 21 m B 45 m C 67 m D 83 m
7 A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a cliff and falls into the sea some time later. Air
resistance is negligible.
Which graph shows how the vertical component vv of velocity of this stone varies with its
horizontal component vh of velocity as it moves through the air?
A B C D
vv vv vv vv
0 0 0 0
0 vh 0 vh 0 vh 0 vh
PHYSICS 9702/13
1 hour 15 minutes
7 The graph shows the variation of velocity v with time t for an object.
24.0
v / m s–1
20.0
16.0
12.0
8.0
4.0
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
t/s
The object passes a fixed point at time t = 0.
What is the displacement of the object from the fixed point at time t = 5.0 s and what is the
acceleration of the object?
displacement acceleration
/m / m s–2
A 60 4.0
B 70 4.0
C 60 4.8
D 70 4.8
8 A skydiver jumps from an aeroplane and falls vertically through the air.
Which graph shows the variation with time t of the skydiver’s vertical velocity v?
A B C D
v v v v
0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
© UCLES 2019 9702/13/M/J/19

PHYSICS 9702/11
1 hour 15 minutes
6 The velocity-time graph for an object of mass 2.5 kg is shown.
12.0
velocity
/ m s–1 10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
0 5.0 10.0 15.0
time / s
What is the resultant force acting on the object?
A 0.60 N B 0.80 N C 1.5 N D 2.0 N
PHYSICS 9702/12
1 hour 15 minutes
8 A tennis ball is released from rest at time t = 0 and falls through air for a long time.
Which graph of its displacement s against time t best represents the motion of the ball?
A B C D
s s s s
0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
9702/11
May/June 2020
1 hour 15 minutes
150
velocity
/ km h–1
100
50
0
0 1 2 3 4
time / s
A 210 m s–2 B 58 m s–2 C 26 m s–2 D 7.3 m s–2
7 A projectile is fired from point P with velocity V at an angle θ to the horizontal. It lands at point Q,
a horizontal distance R from P, after time T.
path of projectile
V
P θ Q
horizontal
R
The acceleration of free fall is g. Air resistance is negligible.
Which equation is correct?
A R = VT cos θ
B R = VT sin θ
C R = VT cos θ – 21 gT 2
D R = VT sin θ – 21 gT 2
© UCLES 2020 9702/11/M/J/20

9702/12
May/June 2020
1 hour 15 minutes
5 A stone is dropped from a height of 20 m above water. The graph shows the variation with time of
the velocity of the stone.
20
velocity / m s–1
0
0 2 4
time / s
Which statement describes the approximate position of the stone four seconds after it is
dropped?
A It is at a distance of 10 m above the surface of the water.

B It is at a distance of 10 m below the surface of the water.
C It is at a distance of 20 m below the surface of the water.
D It is at a distance of 30 m below the surface of the water.
9702/13
May/June 2020
1 hour 15 minutes
6 A car X is travelling at a constant speed u along a straight road. At time t = 0 a second car Y is a
distance d0 behind car X and travelling at a speed v in the same direction. Speed v is less than
speed u.
v u
car Y car X
d0
At time t = 0 car Y begins to accelerate with a constant acceleration.
Car Y overtakes car X at time t = T.
Which graph could best show the variation with time t of the distance d between the cars?
A B C D
d0 d0 d0 d0
d d d d
0 0 0 0
0 t T 0 t T 0 t T 0 t T
7 The resultant force acting on an object is slowly increased.
Which graph could show the variation with time t of the momentum p of the object?
A B
p p
0 0
0 t 0 t
C D
p p
0 0
0 t 0 t
5
6 The graph shows how the velocity of a ball varies with time from the moment it is hit vertically
upwards from the ground.
20
velocity
/ m s–1 15
10
0
0 1 2 3
time / s
–5
–10
What is the displacement of the ball from the ground after a time of 3.0 s?
A 15 m B 25 m C 30 m D 45 m
7 Two students each throw a ball horizontally from the top of a tower. The two balls are released at
the same time.
The first student throws her ball with a speed of 20 m s–1 and the second student throws his ball
with a speed of 10 m s–1.
Assume air resistance is negligible and that the balls land on horizontal ground.
Which row describes the horizontal distances travelled and the landing times of the two balls on
the ground?
horizontal
landing times
distances
A same same
B same different
C different same
D different different

9702/11
1 hour 15 minutes
6 A student cycles uphill from home to a shop, taking 10 minutes. The student then spends
5 minutes in the shop, before cycling home downhill at twice the initial speed.
Which graph could show the variation with time of the distance travelled by the cyclist?
A B
2 2
distance distance
/ km / km
1 1
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
time / minutes time / minutes
C D
2 2
distance distance
/ km / km
1 1
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
time / minutes time / minutes
7 Two cars X and Y are travelling along the same straight road. Car X is travelling at a constant
speed of 6.0 m s–1. Car Y has a constant acceleration of 0.50 m s–2.
At the instant shown, car X is a distance d ahead of car Y. Car Y is travelling at a speed of
4.0 m s–1.
4.0 m s–1 6.0 m s–1
car Y car X
Car Y is level with car X after a time of 20 seconds.
What is the distance d ?
A 40 m B 60 m C 180 m D 300 m
9702/12
1 hour 15 minutes
5 A steel ball is dropped and falls through a vertical height h. The time t taken to fall is measured
using light gates.
The results are given in the table.
h (4.05  0.01) m
t (0.91  0.02) s
The acceleration of free fall g is calculated using the equation shown.
h= 1
2
gt 2
What is the percentage uncertainty in the value of g?
A 2.4% B 4.6% C 5.1% D 9.3%
6 A stone is thrown vertically upwards from a point X at time t ꞊ 0.
The variation with time t of the velocity v of the stone is shown.
20
v / m s–1
10
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 t/s
–10
What is the displacement of the stone from point X at time t ꞊ 3.0 s?
A 15 m above X
B 15 m below X
C 25 m above X
D 25 m below X
© UCLES 2020 9702/12/O/N/20

9702/13
1 hour 15 minutes
5 A student measures the length l and the period T of oscillation of a simple pendulum. He then
uses the equation shown to calculate the acceleration of free fall g.
T = 2 l
g
His measurements are shown.
l (87.3  0.2) cm
T (1.9  0.05) s
What is the percentage uncertainty in his calculated value of g ?
A 2.4% B 2.9% C 5.5% D 7.2%
6 An object moves in a straight line. The graph shows the variation with time t of the velocity v of
the object.
8
v/ms –1
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
t/s
–2
At time t = 0 the object is at point X.
What is the displacement of the object from point X at time t = 0.80 s?
A 1.6 m B 1.8 m C 2.0 m D 3.2 m
7 An object accelerates uniformly from rest to speed v. It then moves at constant speed v for a time
of 8.0 s before decelerating uniformly to rest. The total time taken is 12.0 s, and the total distance
travelled is 60 m.
What is the speed v ?
A 3.0 m s–1 B 5.0 m s–1 C 6.0 m s–1 D 15 m s–1

KINEMATICS
MAY/JUNE 2008
9702/01
9702/01 9702/11
5. D
5. D 7. B
6. C
6. C 8. A
7. B
7. A 9. C
8. C
8. C OCT/NOV 2010
9. D 9702/12
9. B
OCT/NOV 2008 6. D
OCT/NOV 2009
9702/01
9702/11 7. D
6. D
5. A 8. A
7. A
6. B MAY/JUNE 2011
8. A 9702/11
7. C
9. B 5. A
MAY/JUNE 2010
10. D 9702/11 6. A
12. D 8. C 7. B
9. B
9702/12 9702/11 9702/12
6. D 6. C 8. A
7. D 7. D 9. C
8. A 8. B 10. D
9. D 9. D 11. A

9702/11 9702/12 9072/13
6. A 7. A 8. B
7. D 8. D 9. D
8. B 9. A 10. A
9. B 10. A
OCT/NOV 2011 OCT/NOV 2012 MAY/JUNE 2013

9072/12 9702/11 9702/11
6. C 8. D 3. C
7. B 9. A 4. D
8. D 10. C 7. B
8. D
9. A
9702/12 9702/13 9702/13
7. D 8. C 7. C
8. B 9. D 8. D
9. C

9702/13 9702/11 9072/11
7. B 6. D 5. C
8. C 7. D 6. A
8. A

9702/11 9702/12 9702/13
6. C 6. B 6. D
7. C 7. D
8. C 8. A
9702/11 9702/11 9702/11
7. D 7. C 6. B
8. C 8. B 7. A
9. D 9. D 8. D

9702/12 9702/12 9702/12
8. D 7. B 6. A
9. C 8. C 7. A
10. C 9. A 8. A
10. A

9702/13 9702/13 9702/13
7. D 8. B 6. A
8. D 9. C 7. B
10. C 8. B
11. C
OCT/NOV 2016
9702/11
6. B 9702/12 9702/12
7. B 6. A 6. B
8. C 7. B
9. A 8. D
10. C

9702/12 9702/13 9702/13
7. B 5. B 6. D
8. B 6. A 7. C
9. D

9702/11 9702/11
9702/11
7. B 6. A
4. D
5. C
6. B
8. C
MAY/JUNE 2018 9702/13 9702/11
9702/12 OCT/NOV/2019 OCT/NOV/2020
5. A 4. B 6. D
5. C 7. B
6. C
6. B
7. C
7. A 9702/13
MAY/JUNE 2018 OCT/NOV/2020
9702/13 9702/11
5. C
OCT/NOV/2019
6. B 6. A
6. C
8. B 7. C
9702/11 9702/12
MAY/JUNE/2019 9702/12 OCT/NOV/2020
3. B MAY/JUNE/2020 5. B
5. B 6. A
9702/13
MAY/JUNE/2019 9702/12
7. B OCT/NOV/2019
8. C 8. D
9702/11
MAY/JUNE/2020 9702/13
6. D MAY/JUNE/2020
7. A 6. A
7. C
KINEMATICS
1. LINEAR MOTION
9702/22/M/J/09/Q.2, 9702/22/M/J/10/Q.2, 9702/22/M/J/11/Q.2,
9702/21/M/J/12/Q.2, 9702/23/M/J/15/Q.1, 9702/02/O/N/08/Q.2,
9702/23/O/N/12/Q.1, 9702/21/O/N/13/Q.2, 9702/21/O/N/14/Q.4,
9702/22/O/N/15/Q.2
2. GRAPHS
9702/21/M/J/10/Q.2, 9702/22/M/J/12/Q.2, 9702/23/M/J/13/Q.2,
9702/21/M/J/14/Q.1, 9702/21/M/J/15/Q.2, 9702/22/M/J/15/Q.2,
9702/23/M/J/15/Q.2, 9702/21/O/N/09/Q.2, 9702/23/O/N/10/Q.4,
9702/22/O/N/11/Q.1, 9702/23/O/N/11/Q.2, 9702/21/O/N/12/Q.1,
9702/23/O/N/13/Q.3, 9702/22/O/N/14/Q.2, 9702/21/O/N/17/Q.2,
9702/22/M/J/18/Q.3, 9702/22/O/N/18/Q.1
3. PROJECTILE MOTION
9702/22/M/J/11/Q.1, 9702/23/M/J/14/Q.2, 9702/21/M/J/16/Q.2,
9702/22/O/N/09/Q.3, 9702/21/O/N/10/Q.2, 9702/22/O/N/10/Q.2,
9702/21/O/N/11/Q.3, 9702/21/O/N/15/Q.3, 9702/22/M/J/17/Q.2,
9702/21/O/N/18/Q.1
1 of 65
5
2 An experiment is conducted on the surface of the planet Mars. For

A sphere of mass 0.78 kg is projected almost vertically upwards from the surface of the Examiner’s
planet. The variation with time t of the vertical velocity v in the upward direction is shown in Use
Fig. 2.1.
10
v /m s-1
0
0 1 2 3 4 t /s
–5
–10
Fig. 2.1
The sphere lands on a small hill at time t = 4.0 s.
(a) State the time t at which the sphere reaches its maximum height above the planet’s
surface.
t = .............................................. s [1]
(b) Determine the vertical height above the point of projection at which the sphere finally
comes to rest on the hill.
height = ............................................. m [3]

2 of 65
6
(c) Calculate, for the first 3.5 s of the motion of the sphere, For
Examiner’s
(i) the change in momentum of the sphere, Use
change in momentum = ...........................................N s [2]
(ii) the force acting on the sphere.
force = ..............................................N [2]
(d) Using your answer in (c)(ii),
(i) state the weight of the sphere,
weight = ..............................................N [1]
(ii) determine the acceleration of free fall on the surface of Mars.
acceleration = ........................................ m s–2 [2]
© UCLES 2009 9702/22/M/J/09

3 of 65
6
2 (a) Complete Fig. 2.1 to show whether each of the quantities listed is a vector or a scalar. For
Examiner’s
Use
vector / scalar
distance moved ................................
speed ................................
acceleration ................................
Fig. 2.1
[3]
(b) A ball falls vertically in air from rest. The variation with time t of the distance d moved by
the ball is shown in Fig. 2.2.
d /m
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
t /s
Fig. 2.2
© UCLES 2010 9702/21/M/J/10

4 of 65
7
(i) By reference to Fig. 2.2, explain how it can be deduced that For
Examiner’s
1. the ball is initially at rest, Use
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
2. air resistance is not negligible.
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Use Fig. 2.2 to determine the speed of the ball at a time of 0.40 s after it has been
released.
speed = ....................................... m s–1 [2]
(iii) On Fig. 2.2, sketch a graph to show the variation with time t of the distance d moved
by the ball for negligible air resistance. You are not expected to carry out any further
calculations. [3]

5 of 65
6
2 (a) The distance s moved by an object in time t may be given by the expression For
Examiner’s
s = 1 at 2 Use
2
where a is the acceleration of the object.
State two conditions for this expression to apply to the motion of the object.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) A student takes a photograph of a steel ball of radius 5.0 cm as it falls from rest. The
image of the ball is blurred, as illustrated in Fig. 2.1.
The image is blurred because the ball is moving while the photograph is being taken.
initial position
of ball in photograph 80
cm
final position 90
of ball in photograph cm
100
cm
Fig. 2.1
The scale shows the distance fallen from rest by the ball. At time t = 0, the top of the ball
is level with the zero mark on the scale. Air resistance is negligible.
© UCLES 2010 9702/22/M/J/10

6 of 65
7
Calculate, to an appropriate number of significant figures, For

Examiner’s
(i) the time the ball falls before the photograph is taken, Use
time = ............................................ s [3]
(ii) the time interval during which the photograph is taken.
time interval = ............................................. s [3]
(c) The student in (b) takes a second photograph starting at the same position on the scale.
The ball has the same radius but is less dense, so that air resistance is not negligible.
State and explain the changes that will occur in the photograph.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]

7 of 65
4

Examiner’s
Use
1 (a) Distinguish between scalar quantities and vector quantities.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) In the following list, underline all the scalar quantities.
acceleration force kinetic energy mass power weight [1]
(c) A stone is thrown with a horizontal velocity of 20 m s–1 from the top of a cliff 15 m high.
The path of the stone is shown in Fig. 1.1.
20 m s–1
cliff 15 m
ground
Fig. 1.1
For this stone,
(i) calculate the time to fall 15 m,
time = .............................................. s [2]
(ii) calculate the magnitude of the resultant velocity after falling 15 m,
resultant velocity = ........................................ m s–1 [3]

© UCLES 2011 9702/22/M/J/11
8 of 65
5
(iii) describe the difference between the displacement of the stone and the distance For
that it travels. Examiner’s
Use
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]

9 of 65
6
2 (a) A sphere of radius R is moving through a fluid with constant speed v. There is a frictional For
force F acting on the sphere, which is given by the expression Examiner’s
Use
F = 6πDRv
where D depends on the fluid.
(i) Show that the SI base units of the quantity D are kg m–1 s–1.
[3]
(ii) A raindrop of radius 1.5 mm falls vertically in air at a velocity of 3.7 m s–1. The value
of D for air is 6.6 × 10–4 kg m–1 s–1. The density of water is 1000 kg m–3.
Calculate
1. the magnitude of the frictional force F,
F = ............................................. N [1]
2. the acceleration of the raindrop.
acceleration = ........................................ m s–2 [3]
© UCLES 2011 9702/22/M/J/11

10 of 65
7
(b) The variation with time t of the speed v of the raindrop in (a) is shown in Fig. 2.1. For
Examiner’s
Use
0
0 t
Fig. 2.1
(i) State the variation with time of the acceleration of the raindrop.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [3]
(ii) A second raindrop has a radius that is smaller than that given in (a). On Fig. 2.1,
sketch the variation of speed with time for this second raindrop. [2]

11 of 65
6
2 A ball is thrown vertically down towards the ground with an initial velocity of 4.23 m s–1. The For
ball falls for a time of 1.51 s before hitting the ground. Air resistance is negligible. Examiner’s
Use
(a) (i) Show that the downwards velocity of the ball when it hits the ground is 19.0 m s–1.
[2]
(ii) Calculate, to three significant figures, the distance the ball falls to the ground.
distance = ............................................. m [2]
(b) The ball makes contact with the ground for 12.5 ms and rebounds with an upwards
velocity of 18.6 m s–1. The mass of the ball is 46.5 g.
(i) Calculate the average force acting on the ball on impact with the ground.
magnitude of force = .................................................. N
direction of force ......................................................

[4]
(ii) Use conservation of energy to determine the maximum height the ball reaches
after it hits the ground.
height = ............................................. m [2]
(c) State and explain whether the collision the ball makes with the ground is elastic or
inelastic.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2012 9702/21/M/J/12

12 of 65
6
2 (a) A ball is thrown vertically down towards the ground and rebounds as illustrated in For
Fig. 2.1. Examiner’s
Use
ball passing point A
A
8.4 m s–1
ball at maximum
5.0 m height after rebound
B
h
Fig. 2.1
As the ball passes A, it has a speed of 8.4 m s–1. The height of A is 5.0 m above the
ground. The ball hits the ground and rebounds to B. Assume that air resistance is
negligible.
(i) Calculate the speed of the ball as it hits the ground.
speed = ........................................ m s–1 [2]
(ii) Show that the time taken for the ball to reach the ground is 0.47 s.
[1]
© UCLES 2012 9702/22/M/J/12

13 of 65
7
(b) The ball rebounds vertically with a speed of 4.2 m s–1 as it leaves the ground. The time For
the ball is in contact with the ground is 20 ms. The ball rebounds to a maximum height h. Examiner’s
Use
The ball passes A at time t = 0. On Fig. 2.2, plot a graph to show the variation with time
t of the velocity v of the ball. Continue the graph until the ball has rebounded from the
ground and reaches B.
v / m s–1
0
0 t /s
Fig. 2.2 [3]
(c) The ball has a mass of 0.050 kg. It moves from A and reaches B after rebounding.
(i) For this motion, calculate the change in

1. kinetic energy,
change in kinetic energy = .............................................. J [2]

2. gravitational potential energy.
change in potential energy = .............................................. J [3]

14 of 65
8
(ii) State and explain the total change in energy of the ball for this motion. For
Examiner’s
.................................................................................................................................. Use
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
© UCLES 2012 9702/22/M/J/12

15 of 65
7
2 (a) A student walks from A to B along the path shown in Fig. 2.1. For
Examiner’s
Use
A
Fig. 2.1
The student takes time t to walk from A to B.
(i) State the quantity, apart from t, that must be measured in order to determine the
average value of
1. speed,
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
2. velocity.
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Define acceleration.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

16 of 65
8
(b) A girl falls vertically onto a trampoline, as shown in Fig. 2.2. For
Examiner’s
Use
springy material
Fig. 2.2
The trampoline consists of a central section supported by springy material. At time

t = 0 the girl starts to fall. The girl hits the trampoline and rebounds vertically. The
variation with time t of velocity v of the girl is illustrated in Fig. 2.3.
10.0
8.0
6.0
v / m s–1
4.0
2.0
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
t /s
– 2.0
– 4.0
– 6.0 rebound
time
– 8.0
Fig. 2.3
For the motion of the girl, calculate
(i) the distance fallen between time t = 0 and when she hits the trampoline,
distance = ............................................. m [2]
© UCLES 2013 9702/23/M/J/13

17 of 65
9
(ii) the average acceleration during the rebound. For

Examiner’s
Use
acceleration = ........................................ m s–2 [2]
(c) (i) Use Fig. 2.3 to compare, without calculation, the accelerations of the girl before
and after the rebound. Explain your answer.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) Use Fig. 2.3 to compare, without calculation, the potential energy of the girl at
t = 0 and t = 1.85 s. Explain your answer.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]

18 of 65
4
1 (a) (i) Define velocity.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Distinguish between speed and velocity.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) A car of mass 1500 kg moves along a straight, horizontal road. The variation with time t of the
velocity v for the car is shown in Fig. 1.1.
40
30
v / m s–1
20
10
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
t /s
Fig. 1.1
The brakes of the car are applied from t = 1.0 s to t = 3.5 s.

For the time when the brakes are applied,
(i) calculate the distance moved by the car,
distance = ...................................................... m [3]
© UCLES 2014 9702/21/M/J/14

19 of 65
5
(ii) calculate the magnitude of the resultant force on the car.
resultant force = ....................................................... N [3]
(c) The direction of motion of the car in (b) at time t = 2.0 s is shown in Fig. 1.2.
direction of motion
Fig. 1.2
On Fig. 1.2, show with arrows the directions of the acceleration (label this arrow A) and the
resultant force (label this arrow F). [1]

20 of 65
6
2 (a) Explain what is meant by a scalar quantity and by a vector quantity.
scalar: .......................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
vector: .......................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) A ball leaves point P at the top of a cliff with a horizontal velocity of 15 m s–1, as shown in
Fig. 2.1.
ball
P
15 m s–1
path of ball
25 m cliff
Q
ground
Fig. 2.1
The height of the cliff is 25 m. The ball hits the ground at point Q.
(i) Calculate the vertical velocity of the ball just before it makes impact with the ground at Q.
vertical velocity = ................................................. m s–1 [2]
(ii) Show that the time taken for the ball to fall to the ground is 2.3 s.
[1]
© UCLES 2014 9702/23/M/J/14

21 of 65
7
(iii) Calculate the magnitude of the displacement of the ball at point Q from point P.
displacement = ...................................................... m [4]
(iv) Explain why the distance travelled by the ball is different from the magnitude of the
displacement of the ball.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]

22 of 65
5
2 (a) Define speed and velocity and use these definitions to explain why one of these quantities is
a scalar and the other is a vector.
speed: ......................................................................................................................................
velocity: .....................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) A ball is released from rest and falls vertically. The ball hits the ground and rebounds vertically,
as shown in Fig. 2.1.
initial position
ball
rebound
ground
Fig. 2.1

23 of 65
6
The variation with time t of the velocity v of the ball is shown in Fig. 2.2.
12.0
10.0
8.0
v / m s–1
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0
t/s
– 2.0
– 4.0
– 6.0
– 8.0
– 10.0
Fig. 2.2
(i) Without calculation, use Fig. 2.2 to describe the variation with time t of the velocity of the
ball from t = 0 to t = 2.1 s.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(ii) Calculate the acceleration of the ball after it rebounds from the ground. Show your
working.
acceleration = ................................................. m s–2 [3]

© UCLES 2015 9702/21/M/J/15
24 of 65
7
(iii) Calculate, for the ball, from t = 0 to t = 2.1 s,
1. the distance moved,
distance = ...................................................... m [3]
2. the displacement from the initial position.
displacement = ...................................................... m [2]
(iv) On Fig. 2.3, sketch the variation with t of the speed of the ball.
12.0
10.0
8.0
speed / m s–1
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0
t/s
– 2.0
– 4.0
– 6.0
– 8.0
– 10.0
Fig. 2.3
[2]

25 of 65
6
2 A stone is thrown vertically upwards. The variation with time t of the displacement s of the stone is
shown in Fig. 2.1.
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0
t /s
Fig. 2.1
(a) Use Fig. 2.1 to describe, without calculation, the speed of the stone from t = 0 to t = 3.0 s.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Assume air resistance is negligible and therefore the stone has constant acceleration.
Calculate, for the stone,
(i) the speed at 3.0 s,
speed = ............................................... m s−1 [3]
© UCLES 2015 9702/22/M/J/15

26 of 65
7
(ii) the distance travelled from t = 0 to t = 3.0 s,
distance = ..................................................... m [3]
(iii) the displacement from t = 0 to t = 3.0 s.
displacement = ........................................................... m
direction ...............................................................
[2]
(c) On Fig. 2.2, draw the variation with time t of the velocity v of the stone from t = 0 to t = 3.0 s.
v / m s–1
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0
t /s
Fig. 2.2
[3]
27 of 65
4
1 (a) The distance between the Sun and the Earth is 1.5 × 1011 m. State this distance in Gm.
distance = ................................................... Gm [1]
(b) The distance from the centre of the Earth to a satellite above the equator is 42.3 Mm. The
radius of the Earth is 6380 km.
A microwave signal is sent from a point on the Earth directly below the satellite.
Calculate the time taken for the microwave signal to travel to the satellite and back.
time = ....................................................... s [2]
(c) The speed v of a sound wave through a gas of density ρ and pressure P is given by
CP
v= ρ
where C is a constant.
Show that C has no unit.
[3]
(d) Underline all the scalar quantities in the list below.
acceleration energy momentum power weight [1]
© UCLES 2015 9702/23/M/J/15

28 of 65
5
(e) A boat travels across a river in which the water is moving at a speed of 1.8 m s–1.
The velocity vectors for the boat and the river water are shown to scale in Fig. 1.1.
water velocity 1.8 m s–1

river
boat velocity 3.0 m s–1
60°
river bank
Fig. 1.1 (shown to scale)
In still water the speed of the boat is 3.0 m s–1. The boat is directed at an angle of 60° to the
river bank.
(i) On Fig. 1.1, draw a vector triangle or a scale diagram to show the resultant velocity of the
boat. [2]
(ii) Determine the magnitude of the resultant velocity of the boat.
resultant velocity = ................................................ m s–1 [2]

29 of 65
6
2 The variation with time t of the velocity v of a ball is shown in Fig. 2.1.
v / m s–1
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
t/s
ï
ï
ï
Fig. 2.1
The ball moves in a straight line from a point P at t = 0. The mass of the ball is 400 g.
(a) Use Fig. 2.1 to describe, without calculation, the velocity of the ball from t = 0 to t = 16 s.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
© UCLES 2015 9702/23/M/J/15

30 of 65
7
(b) Use Fig. 2.1 to calculate, for the ball,
(i) the displacement from P at t = 10 s,
displacement = ...................................................... m [2]
(ii) the acceleration at t = 10 s,
acceleration = ................................................ m s–2 [2]
(iii) the maximum kinetic energy.
kinetic energy = ....................................................... J [2]
(c) Use your answers in (b)(i) and (b)(ii) to determine the time from t = 0 for the ball to return to P.
time = ....................................................... s [2]

31 of 65
5
2 A ball is thrown from a point P with an initial velocity u of 12 m s–1 at 50° to the horizontal, as
illustrated in Fig. 2.1.
path of ball
Q
X =12 m s–1
50°
P horizontal
Fig. 2.1
The ball reaches maximum height at Q.
(a) Calculate
(i) the horizontal component of u,
horizontal component = ................................................. m s–1 [1]
(ii) the vertical component of u.
vertical component = ................................................. m s–1 [1]
(b) Show that the maximum height reached by the ball is 4.3 m.
[2]
(c) Determine the magnitude of the displacement PQ.
displacement = ...................................................... m [4]
[Total: 8]
32 of 65
6
2 A car is travelling along a straight road at speed v. A hazard suddenly appears in front of For
the car. In the time interval between the hazard appearing and the brakes on the car coming Examiner’s
into operation, the car moves forward a distance of 29.3 m. With the brakes applied, the front Use
wheels of the car leave skid marks on the road that are 12.8 m long, as illustrated in Fig. 2.1.
position of car
skid mark
when hazard appears
29.3 m 12.8 m
Fig. 2.1
It is estimated that, during the skid, the magnitude of the deceleration of the car is 0.85 g,
(a) Determine
(i) the speed v of the car before the brakes are applied,
v = …………………… m s–1 [2]
(ii) the time interval between the hazard appearing and the brakes being applied.
time = ……………..…………. s [2]
© UCLES 2008 9702/02/O/N/08

33 of 65
7
(b) The legal speed limit on the road is 60 km per hour. For
Use both of your answers in (a) to comment on the standard of the driving of the car. Examiner’s
Use
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]

34 of 65
6
2 A sky-diver jumps from a high-altitude balloon. For

Examiner’s
(a) Explain briefly why the acceleration of the sky-diver Use
(i) decreases with time,
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) is 9.8 m s–2 at the start of the jump.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) The variation with time t of the vertical speed v of the sky-diver is shown in Fig. 2.1.
40
v / m s–1
30
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
t/s
Fig. 2.1
© UCLES 2009 9702/21/O/N/09

35 of 65
7
Use Fig. 2.1 to determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the sky-diver at time For
t = 6.0 s. Examiner’s
Use
acceleration = ..................................... m s–2 [3]
(c) The sky-diver and his equipment have a total mass of 90 kg.
(i) Calculate, for the sky-diver and his equipment,
1. the total weight,
weight = ........................................... N [1]
2. the accelerating force at time t = 6.0 s.
force = ........................................... N [1]
(ii) Use your answers in (i) to determine the total resistive force acting on the sky-diver
at time t = 6.0 s.
force = ........................................... N [1]

36 of 65
8
3 A small ball is thrown horizontally with a speed of 4.0 m s–1. It falls through a vertical height of For
1.96 m before bouncing off a horizontal plate, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1. Examiner’s
Use
4.0 m s–1
1.96 m
plate 0.98 m
Fig. 3.1
(a) For the ball, as it hits the horizontal plate,
(i) state the magnitude of the horizontal component of its velocity,
horizontal velocity = ....................................... m s–1 [1]
(ii) show that the vertical component of the velocity is 6.2 m s–1.
[1]
© UCLES 2009 9702/22/O/N/09

37 of 65
9
(b) The components of the velocity in (a) are both vectors. For
Examiner’s
Complete Fig. 3.2 to draw a vector diagram, to scale, to determine the velocity of the Use
ball as it hits the horizontal plate.
Fig. 3.2
velocity = .............................................m s–1]
at ............................. ° to the vertical

[3]
(c) After bouncing on the plate, the ball rises to a vertical height of 0.98 m.
(i) Calculate the vertical component of the velocity of the ball as it leaves the plate.
vertical velocity = ....................................... m s–1 [2]

38 of 65
10
(ii) The ball of mass 34 g is in contact with the plate for a time of 0.12 s. For
Examiner’s
Use your answer in (c)(i) and the data in (a)(ii) to calculate, for the ball as it bounces Use
on the plate,
1. the change in momentum,
change = ................................... kg m s–1 [3]
2. the magnitude of the average force exerted by the plate on the ball due to this
momentum change.
force = ............................................. N [2]
© UCLES 2009 9702/22/O/N/09

39 of 65
6
2 A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a building, as shown in Fig. 2.1. For
Examiner’s
Use
8.2 m s–1
60° P
x
Fig. 2.1
The ball is thrown with a horizontal speed of 8.2 m s–1. The side of the building is vertical. At
point P on the path of the ball, the ball is distance x from the building and is moving at an
angle of 60° to the horizontal. Air resistance is negligible.
(a) For the ball at point P,
(i) show that the vertical component of its velocity is 14.2 m s–1,
[2]
(ii) determine the vertical distance through which the ball has fallen,
distance = ............................................ m [2]
© UCLES 2010 9702/21/O/N/10

40 of 65
7
(iii) determine the horizontal distance x. For

Examiner’s
Use
x = ............................................ m [2]
(b) The path of the ball in (a), with an initial horizontal speed of 8.2 m s–1, is shown again in
Fig. 2.2.
8.2 m s–1
Fig. 2.2
On Fig. 2.2, sketch the new path of the ball for the ball having an initial horizontal
speed
(i) greater than 8.2 m s–1 and with negligible air resistance (label this path G), [2]
(ii) equal to 8.2 m s–1 but with air resistance (label this path A). [2]

41 of 65
6
2 A ball is thrown from a point P, which is at ground level, as illustrated in Fig. 2.1. For
Examiner’s
Use
wall
path of ball
P 36°
Fig. 2.1
The initial velocity of the ball is 12.4 m s–1 at an angle of 36° to the horizontal.
The ball just passes over a wall of height h. The ball reaches the wall 0.17 s after it has been
thrown.
(a) Assuming air resistance to be negligible, calculate
(i) the horizontal distance of point P from the wall,
distance = .............................................. m [2]
© UCLES 2010 9702/22/O/N/10

42 of 65
7
(ii) the height h of the wall. For

Examiner’s
Use
h = .............................................. m [3]
(b) A second ball is thrown from point P with the same velocity as the ball in (a). For this
ball, air resistance is not negligible.
This ball hits the wall and rebounds.
On Fig. 2.1, sketch the path of this ball between point P and the point where it first hits
the ground. [2]

43 of 65
6
4 A student takes measurements to determine a value for the acceleration of free fall. Some of For
the apparatus used is illustrated in Fig. 4.1. Examiner’s
Use
electromagnet
iron
ball
d
bench
Fig. 4.1
The student measures the vertical distance d between the base of the electromagnet and
the bench. The time t for an iron ball to fall from the electromagnet to the bench is also
measured.
Corresponding values of t 2 and d are shown in Fig. 4.2.
60
50
d /cm
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14
t 2 / s2
Fig. 4.2
© UCLES 2010 9702/23/O/N/10

44 of 65
7
(a) On Fig. 4.2, draw the line of best fit for the points. [1] For
Examiner’s
(b) State and explain why there is a non-zero intercept on the graph of Fig. 4.2. Use
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Determine the student’s value for
(i) the diameter of the ball,
diameter = ........................................ cm [1]
(ii) the acceleration of free fall.
acceleration = ..................................... m s–2 [3]

45 of 65
7
3 A ball is thrown against a vertical wall. The path of the ball is shown in Fig. 3.1. For
Examiner’s
Use
15.0 m s–1
wall
60.0°
S F
6.15 m
9.95 m
Fig. 3.1 (not to scale)
The ball is thrown from S with an initial velocity of 15.0 m s–1 at 60.0° to the horizontal.
(a) For the ball at S, calculate
(i) its horizontal component of velocity,
horizontal component of velocity = ........................................ m s–1 [1]
(ii) its vertical component of velocity.
vertical component of velocity = ........................................ m s–1 [1]
(b) The horizontal distance from S to the wall is 9.95 m. The ball hits the wall at P with a
velocity that is at right angles to the wall. The ball rebounds to a point F that is 6.15 m
from the wall.
Using your answers in (a),
(i) calculate the vertical height gained by the ball when it travels from S to P,
height = ............................................. m [1]

46 of 65
8
(ii) show that the time taken for the ball to travel from S to P is 1.33 s, For
Examiner’s
Use
[1]
(iii) show that the velocity of the ball immediately after rebounding from the wall is about
4.6 m s–1.
[1]
(c) The mass of the ball is 60 × 10–3 kg.
(i) Calculate the change in momentum of the ball as it rebounds from the wall.
change in momentum = ........................................... N s [2]
(ii) State and explain whether the collision is elastic or inelastic.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2011 9702/21/O/N/11

47 of 65
4

Examiner’s
Use
1 The variation with time t of the displacement s for a car is shown in Fig. 1.1.
600
500
s/m
400
300
200
100
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 t /s
Fig. 1.1
(a) Determine the magnitude of the average velocity between the times 5.0 s and 35.0 s.
average velocity = ........................................ m s–1 [2]
(b) On Fig. 1.2, sketch the variation with time t of the velocity v for the car.
v / m s–1
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 t / s
Fig. 1.2
[4]
© UCLES 2011 9702/22/O/N/11

48 of 65
6
2 The variation with time t of velocity v of a car is shown in Fig. 2.1. For
Examiner’s
Use
stage 1 stage 2
20.0
15.0
v / m s–1
10.0
5.0
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
t /s
Fig. 2.1
At time t = 0, the driver sees an obstacle in the road. A short time later, the driver applies the
brakes. The car travels in two stages, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
(a) Use Fig. 2.1 to describe the velocity of the car in
1. stage 1,
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
2. stage 2.
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i) Calculate the distance travelled by the car from t = 0 to t = 3.5 s.
total distance = ............................................ m [2]
© UCLES 2011 9702/23/O/N/11

49 of 65
7
(ii) The car has a total mass of 1250 kg. Determine the total resistive force acting on For
the car in stage 2. Examiner’s
Use
force = ............................................. N [3]
(c) For safety reasons drivers are asked to travel at lower speeds. For each stage, describe
and explain the effect on the distance travelled for the same car and driver travelling at
half the initial speed shown in Fig. 2.1.
(i) stage 1:
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) stage 2:
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]

50 of 65
4

Examiner’s
Use
1 (a) (i) Define acceleration.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) State Newton’s first law of motion.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) The variation with time t of vertical speed v of a parachutist falling from an aircraft is
shown in Fig. 1.1.
60
B C
50
v / m s–1
40
30
20 D
10
E
A
0
0 10 20 30
t /s
Fig. 1.1
© UCLES 2012 9702/21/O/N/12

51 of 65
5
(i) Calculate the distance travelled by the parachutist in the first 3.0 s of the motion. For
Examiner’s
Use
distance = ............................................ m [2]
(ii) Explain the variation of the resultant force acting on the parachutist from t = 0
(point A) to t = 15 s (point C).
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [3]
(iii) Describe the changes to the frictional force on the parachutist
1. at t = 15 s (point C),
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
2. between t = 15 s (point C) and t = 22 s (point E).
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]

52 of 65
6
(iv) The mass of the parachutist is 95 kg. For

Examiner’s
Calculate, for the parachutist between t = 15 s (point C) and t = 17 s (point D), Use
1. the average acceleration,
acceleration = ....................................... m s–2 [2]
2. the average frictional force.
frictional force = ............................................. N [3]
© UCLES 2012 9702/21/O/N/12

53 of 65
4

Examiner’s
Use
1 (a) The spacing between two atoms in a crystal is 3.8 × 10–10 m. State this distance in pm.
spacing = .......................................... pm [1]
(b) Calculate the time of one day in Ms.
time = .......................................... Ms [1]
(c) The distance from the Earth to the Sun is 0.15 Tm. Calculate the time in minutes for light
to travel from the Sun to the Earth.
time = ......................................... min [2]
(d) Underline all the vector quantities in the list below.
distance energy momentum weight work [1]
© UCLES 2012 9702/23/O/N/12

54 of 65
5
(e) The velocity vector diagram for an aircraft heading due north is shown to scale in For
Fig. 1.1. There is a wind blowing from the north-west. Examiner’s
Use
45° wind
aircraft
Fig. 1.1
The speed of the wind is 36 m s–1 and the speed of the aircraft is 250 m s–1.
(i) Draw an arrow on Fig. 1.1 to show the direction of the resultant velocity of the
aircraft. [1]
(ii) Determine the magnitude of the resultant velocity of the aircraft.
resultant velocity = ...................................... m s–1 [2]

55 of 65
7
2 A source of radio waves sends a pulse towards a reflector. The pulse returns from the For
reflector and is detected at the same point as the source. The emitted and reflected pulses Examiner’s
are recorded on a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) as shown in Fig. 2.1. Use
1 cm
1 cm
Fig. 2.1
The time-base setting is 0.20 μs cm–1.
(a) Using Fig. 2.1, determine the distance between the source and the reflector.
distance = ............................................. m [4]
(b) Determine the time-base setting required to produce the same separation of pulses on
the c.r.o. when sound waves are used instead of radio waves.
The speed of sound is 300 m s–1.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [3]

56 of 65
6
3 (a) Define For

Examiner’s
(i) velocity, Use
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) acceleration.
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) A car of mass 1500 kg travels along a straight horizontal road.

The variation with time t of the displacement x of the car is shown in Fig. 3.1.
140
120
100
80
x/m
60
40
20
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
t /s
Fig. 3.1
© UCLES 2013 9702/23/O/N/13

57 of 65
7
(i) Use Fig. 3.1 to describe qualitatively the velocity of the car during the first six For
seconds of the motion shown. Examiner’s
Give reasons for your answers. Use
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [3]
(ii) Calculate the average velocity during the time interval t = 0 to t = 1.5 s.
average velocity = ....................................... m s–1 [1]
(iii) Show that the average acceleration between t = 1.5 s and t = 4.0 s is –7.2 m s–2.
[2]
(iv) Calculate the average force acting on the car between t = 1.5 s and t = 4.0 s.
force = ............................................. N [2]

58 of 65
8
4 A trolley moves down a slope, as shown in Fig. 4.1.
trolley
25° horizontal
Fig. 4.1
The slope makes an angle of 25° with the horizontal. A constant resistive force FR acts up the
slope on the trolley.
At time t = 0, the trolley has velocity v = 0.50 m s−1 down the slope.
At time t = 4.0 s, v = 12 m s−1 down the slope.
(a) (i) Show that the acceleration of the trolley down the slope is approximately 3 m s−2.
[2]
(ii) Calculate the distance x moved by the trolley down the slope from time t = 0 to t = 4.0 s.
x = ..................................................... m [2]
(iii) On Fig. 4.2, sketch the variation with time t of distance x moved by the trolley.
0
0 4.0 t/s
Fig. 4.2
[2]
© UCLES 2014 9702/21/O/N/14
59 of 65
9
(b) The mass of the trolley is 2.0 kg.
(i) Show that the component of the weight of the trolley down the slope is 8.3 N.
[1]
(ii) Calculate the resistive force FR.
FR = ...................................................... N [2]

60 of 65
6
2 A ball is thrown from A to B as shown in Fig. 2.1.
60°
A B
Fig. 2.1
The ball is thrown with an initial velocity V at 60° to the horizontal.

The variation with time t of the vertical component Vv of the velocity of the ball from t = 0 to
t = 0.60 s is shown in Fig. 2.2.
6.0
Vv
4.0
2.0
velocity / m s–1
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
t/s
–2.0
–4.0
–6.0
Fig. 2.2
© UCLES 2014 9702/22/O/N/14

61 of 65
7
Assume air resistance is negligible.
(a) (i) Complete Fig. 2.2 for the time until the ball reaches B. [2]
(ii) Calculate the maximum height reached by the ball.
height = .......................................................m [2]
(iii) Calculate the horizontal component Vh of the velocity of the ball at time t = 0.
Vh = ................................................. m s−1 [2]
(iv) On Fig. 2.2, sketch the variation with t of Vh. Label this sketch Vh. [1]
(b) The ball has mass 0.65 kg.

Calculate, for the ball,
(i) the maximum kinetic energy,
maximum kinetic energy = ........................................................J [3]
(ii) the maximum potential energy above the ground.
maximum potential energy = ........................................................J [2]

62 of 65
8
3 (a) An object is moved from point P to point R either by a direct path or by the path P to Q to R,
as shown in Fig. 3.1.
vertical
object
Q horizontal
P
Fig. 3.1
P and Q are on the same horizontal level. R is vertically above Q.
Explain whether the work done moving the object against the gravitational field is the same or
different along paths PR and PQR.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) A ball is thrown with an initial velocity V at an angle θ to the horizontal, as shown in Fig. 3.2.
path of ball
V
e
horizontal
The variation with time t of the height h of the ball is shown in Fig. 3.3.
12.0
10.0
h/m
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
0 1.00 2.00 3.00
t /s
Fig. 3.3

© UCLES 2015 9702/21/O/N/15
63 of 65
9
(i) Use the time to reach maximum height to determine the vertical component Vv of the
velocity of the ball for time t = 0.
Vv = ........................................................ m s–1 [2]
(ii) The horizontal displacement of the ball at t = 3.00 s is 25.5 m.

On Fig. 3.4, draw the variation with t of the horizontal displacement x of the ball.
30
x/m
20
10
0
0 1.00 2.00 3.00
t /s
Fig. 3.4
[1]
(iii) For the ball at maximum height, calculate the ratio
potential energy of the ball

.
kinetic energy of the ball
ratio = .......................................................... [3]
(iv) In practice, air resistance is not negligible. State and explain the effect of air resistance
on the time taken for the ball to reach maximum height.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
64 of 65
6
2 Fig. 2.1 shows an object M on a slope.
3.6 m s–1
Q
M
P
Fig. 2.1
M moves up the slope, comes to rest at point Q and then moves back down the slope to point R.
M has a constant acceleration of 3.0 m s–2 down the slope at all times.
At time t = 0, M is at point P and has a velocity of 3.6 m s–1 up the slope.
The total distance from P to Q and then to R is 6.0 m.
(a) Calculate, for the motion of M from P to Q,
(i) the time taken,
time = ....................................................... s [2]
(ii) the distance travelled.
distance = ...................................................... m [1]
(b) Show that the speed of M at R is 4.8 m s–1.
[2]
© UCLES 2015 9702/22/O/N/15
65 of 65
7
(c) On Fig. 2.2, draw the variation with time t of the velocity v of M for the motion P to Q to R.
6.0
4.0
v / m s–1
2.0
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
t/s
–2.0
–4.0
–6.0
Fig. 2.2
[3]
(d) The mass of M is 450 g.
Calculate the difference in the kinetic energy of M at P and at R.
difference in kinetic energy = ....................................................... J [2]

6
2 The variation with time t of the velocity v of two cars P and Q is shown in Fig. 2.1.
car Q
30
v / m s–1
car P
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
t/s
Fig. 2.1
The cars travel in the same direction along a straight road.

Car P passes car Q at time t = 0.
(a) The speed limit for cars on the road is 100 km h–1. State and explain whether car Q exceeds
the speed limit.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Calculate the acceleration of car P.
acceleration = ................................................. m s–2 [2]
© UCLES 2017 9702/21/O/N/17

7
(c) Determine the distance between the two cars at time t = 12 s.
distance = ...................................................... m [3]
(d) From time t = 12 s, the velocity of each car remains constant at its value at t = 12 s.
Determine the time t at which car Q passes car P.
t = ....................................................... s [2]
[Total: 8]

6
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) A ball of mass 0.45 kg leaves the edge of a table with a horizontal velocity v, as shown in
Fig. 2.1.
ball
v
path of ball
1.25 m
table
1.50 m floor
horizontal
Fig. 2.1
The height of the table is 1.25 m. The ball travels a distance of 1.50 m horizontally before
hitting the floor.
Calculate, for the ball,
(i) the horizontal velocity v as it leaves the table,
v = ..................................................m s–1 [3]
© UCLES 2017 9702/22/M/J/17

7
(ii) the velocity just as it hits the floor,
magnitude of velocity = .......................................................m s–1
angle to the horizontal = ............................................................. °

[4]
(iii) the kinetic energy just as it hits the floor,
kinetic energy = ........................................................ J [2]
(iv) the loss in gravitational potential energy as it falls from the table to the floor.
loss in potential energy = ........................................................ J [2]
(c) Explain why the kinetic energy of the ball in (b)(iii) does not equal the loss of gravitational
potential energy in (b)(iv).
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 13]

6
2 (a) Define acceleration.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) A steel ball of diameter 0.080 m is released from rest and falls vertically in air, as illustrated in
Fig. 2.1.
position of ball steel ball of

when released diameter 0.080 m
0.280 m
horizontal
position P beam of light of
of ball negligible width
A horizontal beam of light of negligible width is a vertical distance of 0.280 m below the bottom
of the ball when it is released. The ball falls through and breaks the beam of light.
(i) Explain why the force due to air resistance acting on the ball may be neglected when
calculating the time taken for the ball to reach the beam of light.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the time taken for the ball to fall from rest to position P where the bottom of the
ball touches the beam of light.
time taken = ....................................................... s [2]
© UCLES 2019 9702/22/O/N/19

6
3 A ball is fired horizontally with a speed of 41.0 m s–1 from a stationary cannon at the top of a hill.
The ball lands on horizontal ground that is a vertical distance of 57 m below the cannon, as shown
in Fig. 3.1.
ball,
cannon initial speed
41.0 m s–1
path of
ball
57 m
horizontal
ground
(a) Show that the time taken for the ball to reach the ground, after being fired, is 3.4 s.
[2]
(b) Calculate the horizontal distance of the ball from the cannon at the point where the ball lands
on the ground.
horizontal distance = ..................................................... m [1]
(c) Determine the magnitude of the displacement of the ball from the cannon at the point where
the ball lands on the ground.
displacement = ..................................................... m [2]
© UCLES 2020 9702/23/O/N/20

7
(d) The ball leaves the cannon at time t = 0.
On Fig. 3.2, sketch a graph to show the variation of the magnitude v of the vertical component
of the velocity of the ball with time t from t = 0 to t = 3.4 s.
Numerical values are not required.
0
0 t/s 3.4
Fig. 3.2
[1]
(e) The cannon recoils horizontally with a speed of 0.340 m s–1 when it fires the ball. The total
mass of the ball and the cannon is 1480 kg. Assume that no external horizontal forces act on
the ball-cannon system.
Determine, to three significant figures, the mass of the ball.
mass = .................................................... kg [2]
(f) The cannon now fires a ball of smaller mass. Assume that air resistance is still negligible.
State and explain the change, if any, to the graph in Fig. 3.2 due to the decreased mass of
the ball.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 10]

6
2 A small block is lifted vertically upwards by a toy aircraft, as illustrated in Fig. 2.1.
aircraft
string
velocity block
Fig. 2.1
As the block is moving upwards, the string breaks at time t = 0. The block initially continues
moving upwards and then falls and hits the ground at time t = 0.90 s. The variation with time t of
the velocity v of the block is shown in Fig. 2.2.
1.96
v / m s–1
0
0 0.20 t/s 0.90
–6.86
Fig. 2.2
(a) State the feature of the graph in Fig. 2.2 that shows the block has a constant acceleration.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Use Fig. 2.2 to determine the height of the block above the ground when the string breaks at
time t = 0.
height = ..................................................... m [3]
© UCLES 2020 9702/21/O/N/20

7
(c) The block has a weight of 0.86 N.
Calculate the difference in gravitational potential energy of the block between time t = 0 and
time t = 0.90 s.
difference in gravitational potential energy = ...................................................... J [2]
(d) On Fig. 2.3, sketch a line to show the variation of the distance moved by the block with time t
from t = 0 to t = 0.20 s. Numerical values of distance are not required.
distance
moved
0
0 0.20
t/s
Fig. 2.3
[2]
(e) A block of greater mass is now released from the same height with the same upward velocity.
Air resistance is still negligible.
State and explain the effect, if any, of the increased mass on the speed with which the block
hits the ground.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 9]

6
2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows the velocity–time graph for an object moving in a straight line.
v
velocity
0
0 t time
Fig. 2.1
(i) Determine an expression, in terms of u, v and t, for the area under the graph.
area = .......................................................... [1]
(ii) State the name of the quantity represented by the area under the graph.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) A ball is kicked with a velocity of 15 m s–1 at an angle of 60° to horizontal ground. The ball
then strikes a vertical wall at the instant when the path of the ball becomes horizontal, as
shown in Fig. 2.2.
path of
ball
vertical
velocity wall
15 m s–1
ball
60°
horizontal
ground
© UCLES 2020 9702/22/M/J/20

7
(i) By considering the vertical motion of the ball, calculate the time it takes to reach the wall.
time = ...................................................... s [3]
(ii) Explain why the horizontal component of the velocity of the ball remains constant as it
moves to the wall.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Show that the ball strikes the wall with a horizontal velocity of 7.5 m s–1.
[1]
(c) The mass of the ball in (b) is 0.40 kg. It is in contact with the wall for a time of 0.12 s and
rebounds horizontally with a speed of 4.3 m s–1.
(i) Use the information from (b)(iii) to calculate the change in momentum of the ball due to
the collision.
change in momentum = ........................................... kg m s–1 [2]
(ii) Calculate the magnitude of the average force exerted on the ball by the wall.
average force = ..................................................... N [1]
[Total: 10]

6
2 (a) State Newton’s second law of motion.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) A delivery company suggests using a remote-controlled aircraft to drop a parcel into the
garden of a customer. When the aircraft is vertically above point P on the ground, it releases
the parcel with a velocity that is horizontal and of magnitude 5.4 m s–1. The path of the parcel
is shown in Fig. 2.1.
5.4 m s–1
parcel X
path of parcel
h
P Q horizontal
ground
d
The parcel takes a time of 0.81 s after its release to reach point Q on the horizontal ground.
(i) On Fig. 2.1, draw an arrow from point X to show the direction of the acceleration of the
parcel when it is at that point. [1]
(ii) Determine the height h of the parcel above the ground when it is released.
h = ..................................................... m [2]
(iii) Calculate the horizontal distance d between points P and Q.
d = ..................................................... m [1]
© UCLES 2020 9702/21/M/J/20

7
(c) Another parcel is accidentally released from rest by a different aircraft when it is hovering at a
great height above the ground. Air resistance is now significant.
(i) On Fig. 2.2, draw arrows to show the directions of the forces acting on the parcel as it
falls vertically downwards. Label each arrow with the name of the force.
velocity parcel
Fig. 2.2
[2]
(ii) By considering the forces acting on the parcel, state and explain the variation, if any,
of the acceleration of the parcel as it moves downwards before it reaches constant
(terminal) speed.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(iii) Describe the energy conversion that occurs when the parcel is falling through the air at
constant (terminal) speed.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 11]

4
1 (a) Complete Table 1.1 by putting a tick (3) in the appropriate column to indicate whether the
listed quantities are scalars or vectors.
Table 1.1
quantity scalar vector

acceleration
density
temperature
momentum
[2]
(b) A toy train moves along a straight section of track. Fig. 1.1 shows the variation with time t of
the distance d moved by the train.
0.6
0.5
d/m
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 1 2 3
t/s
Fig. 1.1
(i) Describe qualitatively the motion of the train between time t = 0 and time t = 1.0 s.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2020 9702/22/O/N/20

5
(ii) Determine the speed of the train at time t = 2.0 s.
speed = ................................................ m s−1 [2]
(c) The straight section of track in (b) is part of the loop of track shown in Fig. 1.2.
track
Fig. 1.2
The train completes exactly one lap of the loop.
State and explain the average velocity of the train over the one complete lap.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 6]

LINEAR MOTION
MARKING KEY
9702/22/M/J/09
9702/22/M/J/10
9702/22/M/J/11
9702/21/M/J/12
9702/23/M/J/15
9702/02/O/N/08
9702/23/O/N/12
9702/21/O/N/13
9702/21/O/N/14
9702/22/O/N/15
GRAPHS
MARKING KEY
9702/21/M/J/10
9702/22/M/J/12
9702/23/M/J/13
9702/21/M/J/14
9702/21/M/J/15
9702/22/M/J/15
9702/23/M/J/15
9702/21/O/N/09
9702/23/O/N/10
9702/22/O/N/11
9702/23/O/N/11
9702/21/O/N/12
9702/23/O/N/13
9702/22/O/N/14
9702/21/O/N/17
9702/22/M/J/18
9702/22/O/N/18
PROJECTILE MOTION
MARKING KEY
9702/22/M/J/11
9702/23/M/J/14
9702/21/M/J/16
9702/22/O/N/09
9702/21/O/N/10
9702/22/O/N/10
9702/21/O/N/11
9702/21/O/N/15
9702/21/O/N/15
9702/21/O/N/18
KINEMATICS(THEORY)
9702/22
OCT/NOV/2019
9702/23
OCT/NOV/2020
9702/21
OCT/NOV/2020
9702/22
MAY/JUNE/2020
9702/21
MAY/JUNE/2020
9702/22
OCT/NOV/2020

As Book 1 2008 Till 2020

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

As Book 1 2008 Till 2020

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Physical

1 Five energies are listed.

A 40 J B 400 J C 4000 J D 40 000 J

The values measured are V = 1.00 ± 0.05 V and I = 0.50 ± 0.01 A.

What is the percentage uncertainty in the value of R ?

A 2.5 % B 3.0 % C 7.0 % D 10.0 %

Which set of results could be described as precise but not accurate?

A 9.81 9.79 9.84 9.83

A 8.7 N B 10.0 N C 11.5 N D 17.3 N

–10 –5 0 +5 +10 +15

What is the temperature change expressed to an appropriate number of significant figures?

What is the electrical power of the heater?

A 0.53 W B 0.58 W C 530 W D 580 W

Space for working

A the change in kinetic energy of the ion

Space for working

What is the approximate frequency of the square wave?

A 70 Hz B 140 Hz C 280 Hz D 1400 Hz

Space for working

mass of empty beaker = (20 ± 1) g mass of beaker

volume of liquid = (10.0 ± 0.6) cm3

uncertainty in this value?

A 0.3 g cm–3 B 0.5 g cm–3 C 0.6 g cm–3

What is the diameter of the wire?

A 1.90 mm B 2.45 mm C 2.59 mm D 2.73 mm

Space for working

A the change in kinetic energy of the ion

Space for working

1 A micrometer screw gauge is used to measure the diameter of a copper wire.

mass of empty beaker = (20 ± 1) g

mass of beaker + liquid = (70 ± 1) g

volume of liquid = (10.0 ± 0.6) cm3

He correctly calculates the density of the liquid as 5.0 g cm–3.

What is the uncertainty in this value?

A 0.3 g cm–3 B 0.5 g cm–3 C 0.6 g cm–3 D 2.6 g cm–3

A the change in kinetic energy of the ion

Space for working

What is the approximate frequency of the square wave?

A 70 Hz B 140 Hz C 280 Hz D 1400 Hz

Space for working

What is the approximate frequency of the square wave?

A 70 Hz B 140 Hz C 280 Hz D 1400 Hz

5 A micrometer screw gauge is used to measure the diameter of a copper wire.

What is the diameter of the wire?

A 1.90 mm B 2.45 mm C 2.59 mm D 2.73 mm

Space for working

What are the SI base units of k ?

A kg m2 s–1 B kg m–2 s–2 C kg m–1 s–1 D kg m s–2

A 1 s cm–1 B 10 ms cm–1 C 100 µs cm–1 D 1 µs cm–1

A micrometer screw gauge is used to measure the diameter of a copper wire.

What is the diameter of the wire?

A 1.90 mm B 2.45 mm C 2.59 mm D 2.73 mm

Space for working

pico (p) giga (G)

A Density is mass per cubic metre.

What is the magnitude of the net force acting on the ball?

A 2.8 N B 4.0 N C 5.8 N D 8.0 N

What are the amplitude and period of the wave?

1 Stress has the same SI base units as

Which equation must be incorrect?

3 In making reasonable estimates of physical quantities, which statement is not correct?

A The frequency of sound can be of the order of GHz.

1 distance between X and Y using a metre rule with cm divisions = 0.55 m

5 mass of trolley using a balance measuring to the nearest g = 6.4 × 10–2 kg