Some important observations

1) Ammonia gas is burnt in an atmosphere of oxygen in the absence of a catalyst.

Ammonia burns with yellowish green flame.
2) Neutral litmus solution is added to an alkaline solution.- Litmusturns red
3) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to silver nitrate solution. White ppt is observed
4) Conc.sulphuric acid is added to sugar. -Black spongy mass is seen.
5) Conc.sulphuric acid is added to blue crystalline coppersulphate.
6) Arod dipped in ammonia solution is brought near the mouth of ajar containing
hydrochloride gas.- Dense white fumes are observed
7) Metal copper is added to a beaker of conc. sulphuric acid. -Colourless gas with pungent
odour is observed which turns orange potassium dichromate solution to green and
pink potassium permanganate solution turns colourless.
8) Metalcopper is added to abeaker of Conc. nitric acid - Reddish brown fumes are seen
of gas N02.
9) Ammonia gas is passed through black metal oxide Cu0 - Reddish brown metal is
seen.
10)Sodium carbonate is added to atest tube containing dil. HCI- Dilute HCI/DilH2S04/
DilHNO3 is added to metal carbonate or metal bicarbonate- Colourless and odourless
gas comes out with brisk effervescence which turns lime water milky.
11)Action of Dilute sulphuric,acid on a metal sulphide.-Ga_ with smell of rotten egg is
evolved. umo ead te papes lak.
12) Action of excess of chlorine on ammoni£ gas.- Yellow explosive oily liquid NCI3 is
formed.
13) Metal sodium is dropped in a test tube of dil. HCI.Colourless odourless gas evolved
which burns with pop sound.
14) Metal chloride is heated with conc.sulphuric acid and a rod dipped in ammonia solution
is brought near the mouth of the jar. Dense white fumes of HCI is seen.
15)Areagent botle of conc. hydrochloric acid is left open. -White fumes of HCl acid is
seen due to reaction of moisture with HCl gas.
16) Ammonia gas is passed over Lead monoxide - Grey metal lead is formed
17) Barium chloride is added to sulphuric acid- White ppt of Barium sulphate is formed.
18) Silver nitrate is added to HCI acid- VWhite ppt of AgCl is formed soluble in excess og
ammonium hydroxide.
19) Colour of litmus water that enters round bottomed flask which was filled with HCl gas
during fountain experiment. - Red
20) Ammonium salt heated with an alkali- Colourless gas evolved with smell of ammonia
and turns moist red litmus to blue.
21) When excess of ammonia is heated with chlorine- Yellowish green color of chlorine
disappears and white fumes of ammonium chloride are formed.
22) A nitrate which does not leave behind any solid residue on heating-Ammonium nitrate.

when netal sltat sasdä with dl mel/HNg /M,So4

Caleuls Gas wthpngnt odaw iu usld
uhieh tune aendtud iGCrO seulhn ange to
 Methods of manufacture
i) Contact process -sulphuric acid
V205/ 450°C
Catalysed equation- 2SO2 + 02 ’ 2803
ii) Ostwalds Process- Nitric acid
PU800°C
Catalysed equation- 4NH3+ 502 ’ 4 NO + 6 H20

Habers Process- Ammonia Fe/200 atm/ 400 °C

Catalysed equation - N2 +3H2 2NH3

Test of Anions:
HCICI ion -
Add silver nitrate to the Dilute HCI white precipitate of silver chloride is observed which is
soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide.

H:SO4- SO -ion
Add barium chloride todil sulphuric acid. White precipitate of barium sulphate is observed
which is insoluble in mineral acids.

HNO3 NO; ion

add conc.
To nitric acid add freshly prepared ferrous sulphate and from the side of the test tube
Sulphuric acid. A brown ring is formed at the junction of the two liquids.
NHJ - NH ion
are seen.
Bring a rod dipped in HCI- dense white fumes of NH,Cl
brown precipitate seen.
Add Nessler's reagent to the aqueous solution of ammonia - reddish