SPECIAL TEST FOR LOWER LEG, ANKLE AND FOOT CONDITIONS

NAME PATIENT HAND PLACEMENT PROCEDURE INDICATION

Neutral Position of the Talus

(+) Slant to little toe

(pumaling) → Rear
Foot Valgus
Prone Non Prone with foot Deformity
Weight Bearing dangling on the - 5th & 4th Gently passively (+) Slant to big toe →
Position table metatarsal head dorsi lex the foot then Rear Foot Varus
- palpate the side of once you feel there is Deformity
the talus (dome of resistance or stretch (Look at the rearfoot
the talus - baba at do inversion & kung saan paslant)
harap ng eversion of the foot
(+) Umangat yung
malleolus) while naka dorsi lex little toe → Forefoot
Supine Non Supine with foot Varus Deformity
Weight Bearing dangling at the end
Position (+) Umangat yung
of the table big toe → Forefoot
Varus

Instruct the pt to put (+) Slant calcaneus

To the side of big toe
all of his weight irst
→ Rearfoot Varus
on the Deformity
untested/unaffected, To the side of little
Weight Bearing then ask the pt to do toe → Rearfoot
Position Standing - dome of the talus trunk rotation on left Valgus Deformity
& right then once
talus is in neutral ask (+) Umangat yung
the pt to shift all of Big toe → Forefoot
his weight on the Varus Deformity
Little toe → Forefoot
tested foot
Valgus Deformity

- palpate for
navicular bone Instruct the pt to put
(medial malleolus all his weight to the
then move anterior unaffected then (+) Greater than
Navicular Drop Standing then you can measure it, then ask 10mm or 1cm →
Test palpate the talus the pt to shift all of Flatten Medial
then anterior to it the body weight to the Longitudinal Arch
is the navicular tested then measure it
bone) put a marker again
sa navicular bone

Test for Alignment

(+) Umangat yung

- 5th & 4th Gently passively little toe →
metatarsal head dorsi lex the foot then Forefoot Varus
Forefoot Heel Supine with foot - palpate the side of once you feel there is Deformity
Alignment dangling at the end the talus (dome of resistance or stretch
of the table the talus - baba at do inversion & (+) Umangat yung
harap ng eversion of the foot big toe → Forefoot
malleolus) while naka dorsi lex Varus

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 NAME PATIENT HAND PLACEMENT PROCEDURE INDICATION

- 5th & 4th Gently passively (+) Slant to the side

metatarsal head dorsi lex the foot then of little toe → Rear
Leg Heel Prone with foot - palpate the side of once you feel there is Foot Valgus
dangling on the the talus (dome of resistance or stretch Deformity
Alignment
table the talus - baba at do inversion & (+) Slant to the side
harap ng eversion of the foot of big toe → Rear
Foot Varus
malleolus) while naka dorsi lex
Deformity

Test for Tibial Torsion

- use goniometer ???

PA/SA - midpoint of
Tibial Torsion Prone with knee calcaneus, parallel to Measure the degree of
(Prone) lex at 90 degree the thigh area rotation
DA/MA - 2nd
metatarsal

- use goniometer Palpate if pantay then

Sitting at the edge - place the hand measure (+) Greater than
Tibial Torsion of examining table over the apex of the PA/SA - pointing to the 12-18 degree →
(Sitting) (knee lex) 2 malleolus (use condyle Lateral Rotation
DA/MA - pointing to of the Tibia
the thumb & index the talus or to the
of PT) tarsal area

- use goniometer ???

Tibial Torsion Supine with knee PA/SA - ⊥ to the Measure the degree of
(Supine) extended ground rotation
DA/MA - 2nd
metatarsal

- go at the back of Instruct the patient to

the pt then just stand normally (+) 3 and above toes
Too Many Toes observe that can be seen →
→ Metatarsalgia, Rearfoot Valgus
Sign Standing Plantar Fasciitis, Hallux
(Note: 2 & a half Deformity,
toes that can be Valgus & Posterior (continuation sa left)
seen is normal) Tibial Tendon
Pathology

Ligamentous Instability

Hook lying position Push the distal tibia

(supine & knee lex) - distal tibia while stabilizing foot (+) Pain, spasm,
Anterior Drawer - dorsum of the dimple or suction
Test of the Ankle Supine w/ foot foot Pull the foot using the sign (lubog) → Ant.
dangling position hand on the dorsum of tibio ibular
the foot ligament affectation

Stabilize the tibia then (+) Pain at the area

- distal tibia apply lateral of syndesmosis
Cotton Test translation force (not (distal tibia), clunk
(Lateral Stress Supine - heel
(stand at the lateral eversion, hahatakin or excessive mvmnt
Test) talaga yung heel → Syndesmotic
foot of the pt) laterally) Sprain

(+) Pain over the ant

External (Lateral) Sitting with leg Just passively do lateral or post. tibio ibular
Rotation Stress hanging so knee is rotation (external lig. & interosseous
Test (Kleiger lex to 90° & foot at - distal tibia rotate) membrane, excessive
Test) plantigrade 90° - heel movement →
Syndesmotic Sprain

♥ krnnlvc ♥
 NAME PATIENT HAND PLACEMENT PROCEDURE INDICATION

(+) Excessive
Prone with foot movement or pain →
Stabilize the tibia then Anterior
Prone Anterior dangling at the - distal tibia push the heel
Drawer Test edge of the foot - heel Talo ibular
anteriorly Ligament Damage

Supine - both hand sa tibia Just squeeze the leg (+) Pain →
Squeeze Test of (middle or distal (i-squeeze ang tibia & Syndesmotic
the Leg part ng lower leg) ibula together hehe) Sprain

1 - Do eversion stress (+) Pain & Excessive

to the talus Movement →
Side-lying Problem with
Talar Tilt position, tested - hold the talus 2 - Push the talus to 1 - Deltoid ligament
nasa top inversion or MCL of the Foot
2 - LCL or
3 - Do inversion with Calcaneo ibular Lig.
plantar lexion 3 - Antero ibular Lig

Other Test

(+) Navicular bone

- place a marking at Ask the pt irst to put drops to:
the head of FIRST the weight on the ⅓ to the loor →
metatarsal, unaffected then 1st degree latfoot
Feiss Line Standing Navicular bone & observe, then ask the ⅔ to the loor →
Medial Malleolus pt to shift all of his 2nd degree latfoot
then connect the weight to the tested
dots hehe then observe Near the loor na →
3rd degree of
latfoot - pes planus

(+) if the affected

feels that achilles
tendon less
Instruct the pt to taut/tension
- palpate the compared to the
perform dorsi lexion
Hoffa’s Test Prone position achilles tendon other & when you
& plantar lexion dorsi lex the less
taut then it produce
excessive movement
→ Calcaneal
Fracture

Passively perform (+) Pain &

Supine - heel & dorsum of dorsi lexion tenderness when
Homans Sign (Note: Deep Vein the foot palpated at the calf
Thrombophlebitis) - middle part of leg Note: Dangerous for → DVT
& above knee the pt

(+) Numbness,
paresthesia or
Morton’s Test Supine - plantar aspect of Just squeeze the tingling sensation
the foot forefoot → Neuroma
(+) Pain only →
Stress Fracture

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 NAME PATIENT HAND PLACEMENT PROCEDURE INDICATION

(+) Pag hindi nag

Thompson’s - calf Just squeeze the calf plantar lex → 3rd
(Simmond’s Prone position muscle degree rupture of
achilles tendon
Test)

Observe (+) When foot is on

neutral & if the foot
(normally the foot is Ask the patient to is in slight
Matles Test Prone position in slight perform knee lexion dorsi lexion → 3rd
plantar lexion when with ankle at rest degree rupture of
you knee lex) achilles tendon

- dorsum of the foot Apply pressure (yung

(forefoot) thumb sa lateral
Synovial (+) Pain →
Long sitting - hold the heel while gutter) then perform
Anterolateral
Impingement
position the thumb is under dorsi lexion while you
Impingement
Test lateral malleolus are applying pressure
Syndrome
(lateral gutter)

Ask the pt to perform (+) If tendon

dorsi lexion & subluxed behind the
Test for Peroneal Prone with knee Observation plantar lexion then lateral malleolus →
Tendon lex at 90 degree just observe the Peroneal Tendon
Dislocation
Dislocation tendon at lateral
observation

(+) Any tingling

Tapping at the sensation, numbness
or paresthesia →
1 - Anterior aspect of Problem with
Tinel’s Sign at ankle
the Ankle - pang tap 1 - Anterior Tibial
(Percussion Supine 2- Behind medial Nerve (Deep
Sign) malleolus Peroneal Nerve)
2 - Posterior Tibial
3 - Plantar surface of Nerve
3rd & 4th metatarsal 3 - Morton’s
Neuroma Case

Perform full (+) Tingling,

Triple plantar lexion then numbness or
Compression Supine - forefoot heel in inversion & paresthesia →
Test - heel apply compression to Tarsal Tunnel
the posterior tibial Syndrome
nerve for 30 seconds

(+) Pain at the heel

area → Plantar
Windlass Test Fasciitis
(+) Pain at the big
toe & can’t extend →
Standing sa dulo ng Arthritis
hagdan or any - big toe Just hyperextend the
stool with thumb big
at the edge (+) Umangat yung
Hubscher’s arch of the foot →
Maneuver or lexible latfoot
Jack’s Test (pwede pa irehab
through exercise)

♥ krnnlvc ♥