HISTOPATHOLOGY

SESSION 10

1. Used in fixing Touch preparations for staining procedures such as wright-Giemsa

= 95% Isopropanol

2. Recommended for Chromosomes, lymph glands and urgent biopsies (Fixation time: max. 3 hrs.)
= Carnoy’s

3. Which of the following is not a Mercuric chloride based fixative?

= Regaud’s

4. Used for tissues w/ early degenerative processes, necrosis and for demonstration of rickettsia.
= Acetone

5. The additional staining property of this fixative prevents small tissue fragments to be overlooked
= Picric acid

6. Alcoholic iodine is used in the removal of what fixative precipitate?

= Mercuric chloride

7. Tissues fixed with mixtures containing mercury chloride contain black precipitates except:
= Heidenhain’s Susa

8. Recommended for Acid mucopolysaccharides

= Lead

9. Fixative that gives the most usable DNA fragments for PCR
= 70% Ethanol

10. 50-70% Alcohol is used to remove excess _______ during fixation.

= Picric acid

SESSION 11

1. Dehydrating agent used for animal and plant microtechniques

= Butyl alcohol

2. What is the typical Dehydrating agent: tissue ratio used in routine laboratory?
= 10:1

3. _______________ is employed for studying blood films.

= Methanol

4. Which of the following can act both as dehydrating and clearing agent?
= Dioxane
5. It is a cheap, rapid acting dehydrating agent utilized for most urgent biopsies which it dehydrates in 1⁄2
to 2 hours.
= Acetone

6. Very slow Decalcifier (1-3 Weeks Duration)

= Chelating/EDTA

7. The optimum Temperature for Decalcification

= 30° - 25°

8. Most common way of examining extent of Decalcification

= Physical

9. Most accurate way of examining Extent of Decalcification

= Radiographic/X-ray

10. Softening of Keratin and Proteins

Decornification

11. This dehydrating agent makes use of the Weiserberger’s method

= Dioxane

12. To ensure the complete dehydration, a layer of _________, about 1⁄4 inch deep is placed in the
bottom of the container and covered with filter paper.
= Anhydrous copper sulfate

13. When using ethanol, Dehydration process will start at what concentration?
= 70%

14. What is the most common processing problem?

= Incomplete Dehydration

15. What is the most commonly used dehydrating agent?

= Alcohol

16. The proper ratio of Decalcifying agent to the tissue

= 20:1

17. Preferred Fixative before Decalcification:

= Neutral Buffered Formalin

18. Most Widely used Method of Decalcification

= Acid Method

19. Most Rapid Decalcifying Ag. ent

= Phloroglucin

20. The Recommended Decalcifying Agent for use in Routine Laboratory:

= Perenyi's
SESSION 12

1. Clearing agent which may damage the bone marrow resulting in aplastic anemia:
= Benzene

2. A clearing agent recommended for tough tissues, for nervous tissues, lymph nodes and embryos
because it causes minimum shrinkage and hardening of tissues:
= Chloroform

3. It may be used as a substitute for Xylene or Benzene for both embedding and mounting process:
= Toluene

4. The quality is not guaranteed due to its tendency to become adulterated:

= Clove Oil

5. What is the process wherein alcohol/dehydrating fluid is removed from the tissue?
= Clearing

6. What is the most rapid clearing agent?

= Xylene

7. Which clearing agent becomes milky upon prolonged storage?

= Cedarwood oil

8. What clearing agent has similar properties that of Chloroform?

= Carbon Tetrachloride

9. Recommended for clearing embryos, insects and very delicate specimens:

= Aniline Oil

10. It is an efficient substitute for Xylene, and is less toxic, less expensive, and non- hazardous:
= Coconut Oil

11. The Removal of Clearing agent

= Infiltration

12. What is the most commonly used medium for impregnation?

= Paraffin

13. Melting point of paraffin wax normally used for routine work:
= 56oC

14. Recommended for urgent biopsies, delicate tissues such as lungs, connective tissues, decalcified
bones and other delicate organs:
= Vacuum Embedding

15. It is the impregnating medium substitute to paraffin wax, recommended for large hallow organs
which tends to collapse:
= Celloidin
16. What impregnating medium can be used without prior clearing of the tissue?
= Ester Wax

17. It is a paraffin substitute that is a mixture of purified paraffin and synthetic polymer:
= Paraplast

18. What impregnating medium is water soluble?

= Carbo Wax

19. It is used as an impregnating medium when dehydration is to be avoided.

= Gelatin method

20. Impregnating Medium for Whole eye Sections.

= Dry celloidin

SESSION 13

1. Most Important step in Embedding

= Orientation

2. Plastic embedding medium used in Electron microscopy

= EPON

3. Most common of the automated processing machines used in Histopathology.

= Autotechnicon

4. Recommended for making small sections of celloidin blocks:

= Double embedding method

5. Example of an embedding medium that is highly carcinogenic:

Vinylcyclohexane dioxide

6. Gives a prefect even block without trimming. May be placed directly in the chuck of microtome.
= Peel away

7. It is process also known as Embedding

= Casting

8. Process wherein tissues are infiltrated with celloidin and subsequently embedded in paraffin wax.
= Double Embedding

9. Also known as Dimmock Embedding mold.

= Leuckhart’s

10. Series of interlocking plates resting on a flat metal base

Compound

SESSION 14
1. Routine Cryostat sections are cut at what Temperature?
= -20 Degrees Celsius

2. Which of the following microtomes is used for rapid processing?

= Freezing

3. The most dangerous type of microtome:

= Sliding

4. Microtome Invented by Paldwell Trefall:

= Rocking

5. Microtome Invented by Adams:

= Sliding

6. Microtome Invented by Queckett:

= Freezing

7. The Most common microtome:

= Rotary

8. Frozen Microtome:
I. Knife II. Glass Slide III. Camel Hair Brush IV. Microtome
= All of the Above

9. Type of Microtome Knife for Frozen Sections

= Plane wedge

10. Type of Microtome knife for Paraffin in Rotary Microtome;

= Biconcave

SESSION 15

The pattern of honing:

= Heel to toe

2. Strops are usually treated with ______ applied to the back of the strop.
= Vegetable oil

3. This type of hone usually gives the best result.

= Belgium yellow

4. The Bevel angle of cutting edges:

= 27-32

5. Clearance Angle:
= 15 Degrees

6. The surface of the hone is wiped clean with a soft cloth moistened with ___________.
= Xylene
7. Used only for badly nicked knives followed by the other knife sharpeners:
= A. Coarse Carborundum B. Arkansas C. Belgium yellow D. NOTA

8. A process whereby the “burr” formed during honing is removed:

= Stropping

9. A hone should be cleaned:

= A. During the usage B. After using C. Before using D. AOTA

10. Sharpening(Honing) and polishing(Stropping) is no longer common practice in most modern

laboratories because ofthe availability of________.
= Disposable knives

SESSION 16

1. A substance which can be smeared into slides so that sections stick well to the slides:
= Adhesives

2. It is a better section adhesive and coated slides can the stored in a long time
= Aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APES)

3. What is the most commonly used adhesive?

= Mayer’s Egg-albumin

4. Adhesive used in immunohistochemistry:

= Poly-L-Lysine

5. Adhesive used in cytology:

= APES

6. It is added to the adhesive solution to prevent growth of molds:

= Thymol

7. What is the main component of Mayer’s Egg Albumin?

= Egg White

8. How many percent of Gelatin is used for the Gelatin adhesive?

= 1%

9. This composition of the adhesive prevents drying:

= Glycerin

10. All of the following are adhesives, except:

Canada Balsam

SESSION 17
1. Refractive index of Glass
= 1.518

2. Resinous mounting media with a Refractive index of 1.524

= Canada Balsam

3. Resinous mounting media that is/are soluble in Xylene.

= A. XAM B. CLARITE C. Both

4. Which of the following is considered a Ringing agent?

= A. Kronig B. Duroflex C. Both

5. Canada Balsam is a natural resin extracted from what tree?

= Abus balsamea

6. Cover slip # 1 which is used by most laboratories has an approximate thickness of _______.
= 150 nm

7. It has a low refractive index, is moderately transparent and evaporates easily, hence is good only for
temporary mounting.
= Water

8. This gum Arabic medium does not solidify upon storage and therefore does not need to be heated
before use.
= Farrant’s medium

9. It is an aqueous mounting media, and is not considered as a permanent mounting medium. It contains
phenol as an antiseptic.
= Glycerin

10. It is the final step after the tissue sections are stained and cleared with xylene.
= Coverslipping