Movement of Molecules

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Movement of
substances
Question Paper 1
Level International A Level
Subject Biology
Exam Board CIE
Topic Cell Membranes and Transport
Sub Topic Movement of substances
Booklet Theory
Paper Type Question Paper 1
Time Allowed : 70 minutes
Score : / 58
Percentage : /100
Grade Boundaries:
A* A B C D E U
>85% 777.5% 70% 62.5% 57.5% 45% <45%

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1 Many microorganisms can digest cellulose by using a group of enzymes collectively known as
cellulases. Cellobiose is the disaccharide produced during cellulose digestion.
The cellulase known as β-glucosidase completes the digestion of cellulose by hydrolysing the
cellobiose molecule to produce two β-glucose molecules.
(a) Draw the ring structure of one β-glucose molecule in the space provided.
[2]
(b) β-glucosidase was extracted from two different bacteria, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and
Thermotoga maritima.
Fig. 4.1 shows the results of an investigation into the effect of temperature between 0 °C and
100 °C, on the activity of each enzyme.
• L represents the lowest temperature at which activity of each enzyme was detected.
• H represents the highest temperature at which activity of each enzyme was detected.
100
80
relative
activity /
% of
maximum 60 H
activity
40
L
20
L
H
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
temperature / °C
Key
enzyme A (extracted from A. tumefaciens)
enzyme T (extracted from T. maritima)
Fig. 4.1
(i) With reference to Fig. 4.1, describe the differences in the results for the two enzymes,
A and T.
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(ii) Both enzyme A and enzyme T act on cellobiose. They have a similar, but not identical,
primary structure.
Suggest how similarities and differences in the primary structure of the two enzymes
could help to explain the results obtained in the investigation.
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[Total: 10]
2 The cell surface membrane has a fluid mosaic structure.
(a) Describe what is meant by the term fluid mosaic.
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(b) In 1934, the biologists Davson and Danielli published their suggestion for the structure of the
cell surface membrane, as shown in Fig. 1.1.
They suggested that the membrane was a phospholipid bilayer with a layer of hydrophilic
protein on both surfaces.
protein
phospholipid bilayer
protein
Fig 1.1
State one way in which the Davson-Danielli structure is similar to the fluid mosaic structure
and one way in which it differs from the fluid mosaic model.
similarity
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difference
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(c) One way in which substances can cross cell membranes is by active transport.
Describe the mechanism of active transport.
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(d) High temperature can damage cell membranes. One factor contributing to this damage is the
denaturation of membrane proteins.
Describe how proteins become denatured at high temperature and explain how this could
lead to damaging cell membranes.
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[Total: 10]
3 One role of the cell surface membrane is to control the entry and exit of substances.
(a) Complete Table 1.1 to show the transport mechanisms across cell surface membranes
and examples of materials transported.
Table 1.1
transport mechanism across cell example of material transported across

surface membrane membrane
active transport sodium ions
oxygen molecules
bacteria
exocytosis mucin (for mucus)
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
[2]
(b) Each transport mechanism across cell surface membranes has a characteristic set of
features.
In each of the boxes below, state one example of a transport mechanism that matches
the pathway shown.
passive
yes
active
specific transport
protein involved
passive
no
active
[4]
[Total: 6]
4 Fig. 5.1 shows part of a transverse section of a leaf.
Fig. 5.1
(a) Explain, in terms of water potential, how water moves from Q to R.
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(b) State and explain three ways in which the structure of xylem vessels is adapted to
transport water.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
explanation ......................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. .............
explanation ......................................................................................................................
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3. ......................................................................................................................................
explanation ......................................................................................................................
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[Total: 10]
5 Fig. 6.1 shows a diagram of a plasma (cell surface) membrane.
Fig. 6.1
(a) Indicate, by putting a circle, , around one of the following, the width of the
membrane shown in Fig. 6.1.
0.7 nm 7.0 nm 70 nm × 10–5 m 700 µm 7. µm [1]
(b) Outline the functions of the following components of the plasma membrane.
K ......................................................................................................................................
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L ......................................................................................................................................
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M ......................................................................................................................................
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N ......................................................................................................................................
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(c) Some substances may cross plasma membranes by simple diffusion. Glucose, however,
does not.
Explain why glucose cannot pass across membranes by simple diffusion.
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(d) In an investigation, animal cells were exposed to different concentrations of glucose. The
rate of uptake of glucose into the cells across the plasma membrane was determined
for each concentration. Fig. 6.2 shows the results.
22
20
18
rate of uptake 16
of glucose by 14
cells / arbitrary 12
units 10
8
6
4
2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
concentration of glucose / arbitrary units
Fig. 6.2
Using the information in Fig. 6.2, explain how the results of the investigation support the
idea that glucose enters cells by facilitated diffusion.
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(e) State how active transport differs from facilitated diffusion.
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[Total: 10]
6 Fig. 2.1 is a drawing of a transverse section of a leaf.
0.5 mm
Fig. 2.1
(a) (i) Use label lines and the letters X, S, E and D to indicate the following on Fig. 2.1:
X – a xylem vessel
S – a phloem sieve tube
E – a lower epidermal cell
D – a palisade mesophyll cell [4]
(ii) Calculate the magnification of Fig. 2.1. Show your working and express your
answer to the nearest whole number.
Answer ........................................ [2]

(b) Name two assimilates that move from the palisade mesophyll cells to the vascular
tissue to be exported from the leaf.
1 .......................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Explain, using the term water potential, how water moves from the vascular tissue to
the atmosphere.
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[Total: 12]

Movement of Molecules

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Save My Exams!

– The Home of Revision

Time Allowed : 70 minutes

>85% 777.5% 70% 62.5% 57.5% 45% <45%

2 The cell surface membrane has a fluid mosaic structure.

(a) Describe what is meant by the term fluid mosaic.

Describe the mechanism of active transport.

transport mechanism across cell example of material transported across

active transport sodium ions

exocytosis mucin (for mucus)

4 Fig. 5.1 shows part of a transverse section of a leaf.

(a) Explain, in terms of water potential, how water moves from Q to R.

5 Fig. 6.1 shows a diagram of a plasma (cell surface) membrane.

0.7 nm 7.0 nm 70 nm × 10–5 m 700 µm 7. µm [1]

Explain why glucose cannot pass across membranes by simple diffusion.

(e) State how active transport differs from facilitated diffusion.

6 Fig. 2.1 is a drawing of a transverse section of a leaf.

Answer ........................................ [2]

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