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20th-24th week
- Primitive alveoli formed
- Surfactant production has begun
Third trimester
- Weight triples and length doubles
- Protein, fat, iron, calcium stores increase
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
PRETERM BIRTH - Inflammatory in lower GIT most often at distal ilium and
Live birth occurring before 37 th week of gestation ascending colon
- Butod ni sila
Late preterm – 35-36 weeks - 40% of patients – surgical exploration and resection of
Moderate preterm – 32-34 weeks necrotic bowel
Early preterm - <32 weeks
Extreme preterm - <28 weeks Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Common before 28 weeks
Three approaches used - Normally, ductus arteriosus closes minutes after parturition,
1. Last menstrual period (LMP) but will not close if there is no sufficient O2 that will contract
2. Obstetric estimate (OE) the muscles of ductus
3. Combined estimate - Persists: pulmonary overcirculation, complicating respiratory
disease
Genetic variables
- Pregnancy length variants Low Birth Weight – any live birth <2,500 grams
o EBF1 Very Low Birth Weight - <1,500 grams
o EEFSEC
o AGTR2 Intrauterine Growth Restrictions (IUGR)
o WNT4 - Deficiency of fetal growth and abnormal growth trajectory
o ADCY5
o RAP2C Small for Gestational Age (SGA)
- Preterm birth variants - Constitutionally normal, no known genetic abnormalities or
o EBF1 pathologic conditions
o EEFSEC
o AGTR2
LATE PRETERM
- Apneic disorders
- Disorders of thermoregulation
- Hypoglycemia
- Respiratory distress
- Feeding difficulties
- Dehydration
- Suspected sepsis
- Require NICU admission
- Higher risk of longer-term neurologic problems
o ADHD and Learning disorders
- Result from complication of pregnancy or maternal
conditions