Group 1 State Institutions

STATE INSTITUTIONS
GROUP 1 PRESENTATIon
GUESS THE
INSTITUTION:
STATE INSTITUTIONs
EDITION
AFP
ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES
DPWH
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND
HIGHWAYS
DILG
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
OWWA
OVERSEAS WORKERS WELFARE ADMINISTRATION
DEPED
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
LESSON 1. STATE INSTITUTIONS
WHAT IS AN INSTITUTION?
composed of formal rules, informal norms, or agreed
upon understanding that constraint and prescribe
political actors’ behavior and interaction with one
another
main function is to keep the society in order and
implement specific tasks assigned to them
e.g. educational, economic, political, and social
institutions
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INSTITUTION
a cluster of social usage
relative degree of permanence
well known and defines objectives
a bit resistant to social changes due to
solidified beliefs
transmitter of social heritage
STATE INSTITUTIONS
these are the institutions that have
state functions
established to govern the state,
including all other agencies,
bureaus, and offices
POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP STRUCTURES

According to Max Weber as cited by Santarita &
Madrid, 2016 —
Political structure or institution is defined as the

organized way in which power is allocated and
decisions are made within society.
THE BRANCHES
EXECUTIVE BRANCH
— comprised of the President and the Vice
President who are chosen by direct
popular vote and fulfill a term of six (6)
years
— the Constitution grants the President
authority to appoint his Cabinet
these departments form a large portion of
the country’s bureaucracy
the branches
— The President
the head of state, leader of the
National Government, and
Commander in Chief of all Armed
Forces of the Philippines
the branches
— Vice President
the Vice President supports the
President
if the President is unable to serve, the
Vice President becomes President
the branches
— The Cabinet
the members serve as advisors to the President
they include the Vice President and the heads of
executive departments
Cabinet members are nominated by the President
and must be confirmed by the Commission of
Appointments
THE BRANCHES
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
— is authorized to make laws, alter, and
repeal them through the power vested in the
Philippine Congress (2 houses)
— divided into the Senate (24) and the House
of Representatives (270)
— enacts legislation, confirms or rejects
Presidential appointments, and has the
authority to declare war
THE BRANCHES
JUDICIAL BRANCH
— in charge of maintaining the
power to resolve disputes
concerning rights that are legally
demandable and enforceable
— decides whether there has
been a serious abuse of judgment
amounting to lack or excess of
authority on the part and
instrumentality of the government
the branches
— evaluates and interprets the meaning of laws,
applies laws to individual cases, and decides if laws
violate the Constitution
— composed of the Philippine courts and the
Supreme Court, the highest court of the land
the Supreme Court is composed of the Chief Justice
and of the fourteen (14) Associate Justices
the branches
— the Constitution explicitly permits the
Supreme Court the power of Judicial Review
as the power to declare a treaty, international
or executive agreement, law, presidential
decree, proclamation, order, instruction,
ordinance, or regulation unconstitutional
THE BRANCHES
— POWER
the capacity to realize desired ends despite
opposition from others
The utilization of power is the business of
government, which is deined as a formal
organization that directs the political life of a
society (Macionis, 2012).
the branches
Max Weber delved into the concept of authority, defining it
as power that is perceived as legitimate rather than coercive
He recognized that brute force, while capable of establishing
control, is an unsustainable means of maintaining power
over time
cooperation and loyalty from the governed cannot be
secured solely through threats of force, and such tactics
often lead to a cycle of violence and instability.
types of authority
1. TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY
— respect for a long-standing cultural pattern is used to
legitimize power
2. RATIONAL-LEGAL AUTHORITY
— or also known as bureaucratic authority; legally created rules
and regulations are used to legitimize power
3. CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY
— extraordinary personal skills that inspire devotion and
obedience are used to legitimize power
ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS
Gilliard et al., (2000) argued that an
economic institution is being defined as an
enduring organization, practice, or
relationship created by individuals to handle
and cope with basic economic dilemmas.
FORMS OF
REDISTRIBUTION
and exchange
of products
forms of redistribution and exchange of products

1. RECIPROCITY
— reciprocity is like a social dance — it's the mutual
exchange of favors or benefits between socially equal
parties, having the same status
— example:
the dowry given by a Muslim groom to his prospective
bride - tantamount to the wealth and educational
attainment possessed by the latter

TYPES OF RECIPROCITY
1.1 Generalized Reciprocity
— a form of transaction which utilizes gestures that
expresses personal relationships than economic transactions
— example:
in the Philippines, the eldest child most often expresses
generalized reciprocity to their family by graduating, and
in exchange, they will be providing means to sustain the
academic needs of their other siblings

1.2 Balanced Reciprocity
— the giver is expected to gain something in return
although it does not have to be given instantly
— example:
the business transaction between Filipino artists
and advertisements - artists will perform activities
that are required by the said advertisement
company, in exchange for publicity and exposure

1.3 Negative Reciprocity
— practiced using deceiving ways to gain profit
— individuals involved try to gain as much as
conceivable while paying the least amount possible
— example:
business ventures offered to you by persons
you do not have a personal relationship with

2. REDISTRIBUTION
— the products produced out from the community is sent to a
place where they are stored, counted, and later distributed
back to the people
— it is usually the leader of the community who overseas the
process
— the central authority uses the distribution of goods and
services to generate interdependence between the parties
involved

— example:
taxes are collected from individuals based
on their income. the money collected is
distributed tyo other members of society
through different government programs
charitable donation functions similarly

3. MARKET EXCHANGE
— the price of the transactions of deliverables and
services are supposedly governed by the rules of
supply and demands
— example:
a transaction that uses money in exchange for
goods or services
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!

Group 1 State Institutions

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STATE INSTITUTIONS

POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP STRUCTURES

Political structure or institution is defined as the

forms of redistribution and exchange of products

forms of redistribution and exchange of products

forms of redistribution and exchange of products

forms of redistribution and exchange of products

forms of redistribution and exchange of products

forms of redistribution and exchange of products

forms of redistribution and exchange of products

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