INTRODUCTION OF

CRUISE TOURISM
 Discussion Contents
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Definitions & The arrival of

Beginnings Leisure Sailing

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The Luxury Modern
The Birth of Cruising
Places
Contemporary Develops
Cruising
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 Definition & Beginnings
● A Cruise is vacation onboard a ship.
● Mancini (2011), “Vacation trip by ship”. It is not limited to sea voyage, but it is
also involves river and lake voyages.
● Floating Resort or Floating Hotels. Mega ships are like Floating Cities.
● Cruise is primarily a leisure vacation experience, with the ship’s staff doing all
the work.
● Cruise Tourism is one of the fastest growing segments of the tourism
industry that involves a luxurious form of travelling onboard a cruise ship with
specific arranged itinerary wherein the ship calls at several ports before
coming back to its home port.
 Definition & Beginnings
● Herodotos - traveled aboard just to
experience the far flung ports.
● During his sailing he compiled a list
of the most interesting manmade he
saw (The Seven Wonders of the
Ancient World).
Definition & Beginnings

The Great
Pyramid of
Giza, Egypt
 Definition & Beginnings

Hanging Gardens
of Babylon
Unknown: Iraq
Definition & Beginnings

Temple of
Artemis,
Turkey
 Definition & Beginnings

Statue of
Zeus, Greece
Definition & Beginnings

Mausoleum
at
Halicarnassus,
Turkey
 Definition & Beginnings

Lighthouse in
Alexandria,
Egypt
Definition & Beginnings

Colossus of
Rhodes,
Mediterranean
Sea
 The Arrival of Leisure Sailing
○ In the 1800s, shipping companies rediscovered that they could increase
their profits by booking passengers aboard their merchant ships.

○ STEAMSHIP whose primary purpose was to transport people, not cargo.

Technology helped make it possible, as wooden ships with sails were
replaced by steel-hulled vessels that were driven by coal, oil, and steam--not
wind.

○ The steamship era began in 1840 - Sam Cunard pioneered the first
transatlantic scheduled liner trips.
 The Arrival of Leisure Sailing
○ These transports became larger and larger, with names like Aquitania,
Leviathan, Titanic, etc.

○ “Steamship" companies that built the great turn-of-the-century vessels are

still around today: Cunard, P&O, and Holland America.

○ Ocean liners were among the most astonishing creations to appear in the
early 1900s. Major purpose of the ocean liner of those times was to carry
immigrants, not the well-to-do.

○ Ships were usually divided into two or three "classes." In first class were the
wealthy; second class accommodated people of modest but sufficient
means; third class, or "steerage," was for the masses.
 The Luxury Places
○ During World War I most ocean-crossing vessels were converted into troop
transport ships. After the war they were joined by a new generation of ships:
bigger, sleeker, and, above all, faster.

○ Blue Riband was awarded regularly to whichever ship could cross the North
Atlantic in the least amount of time.

○ During the 1920s and 1930s, though, ocean liners did begin to provide more
entertainment, attract more of the middle class, and provide much of the
pampering we associate today with cruising.

○ Ships continued to become larger, with their costs often subsidized by

governments. Nations used ocean liners as symbols of their prosperity, taste,
and might.
 The Luxury Places
○ The Queen Mary -now an attraction in Long Beach, California--was Britain's
pride. These ships were huge, floating cities, every bit as big as many of
today's cruise vessels.
The Birth of Contemporary Cruising
Early 1900s:
Transoceanic crossings primarily served
as transportation with no intermediate
stops.
Smaller steamship lines began offering
"excursions" during winter months,
repositioning ships to warmer destinations
like the Caribbean.
Excursions provided purely leisure
experiences, including visits to exotic ports
and onboard activities.
June 1958:
Airlines introduced commercial jet
service across the Atlantic,
significantly reducing travel time.
Transoceanic crossings lost appeal
as air travel became quicker and
more convenient.
Within a year, air travel surpassed
sea travel for crossing the Atlantic.
The Birth of Contemporary Cruising
Shift in Passenger Preferences:

Only those who feared flying or sought leisurely experiences continued

booking transoceanic crossings.

The phrase "the newly wed and the nearly dead" humorously captured the
declining appeal of ocean liners for transportation.

Steamship lines recognized the need for a business overhaul as

transoceanic transportation declined.

Cruising emerged as a viable alternative, emphasizing leisure experiences

rather than transportation.
The Birth of Contemporary Cruising
Steamship lines began rethinking their business models, shifting focus from
transportation to leisure cruising.

The decline in transoceanic crossings marked the birth of contemporary

cruising, characterized by leisure-oriented voyages with stops at various
destinations.
 Modern Cruising Develops
1960s:
Despite the rise of leisure cruising,
a few liners primarily designed for
ocean crossings were built.
The belief persisted that modern
vessels could revive interest in
transoceanic travel.
Leisure Cruising:
Cruise lines adopted the concept
of ships as floating resorts,
emphasizing pleasurable activities,
excellent dining, and convenient
transportation.
The allure of the Blue Riband
faded, replaced by the appeal of
"fun ships" and "love boats."
 Modern Cruising Develops
Rapid Conversion and Expansion: 1970s:

Many existing ships were Cruise companies began

converted into cruise vessels, constructing new ships specifically
tearing down class barriers and designed for cruising, marking a
enhancing onboard amenities. significant expansion in the
industry.
Cruise lines invested in
modernizing ships, adding air
conditioning, expanding pool
areas, installing casinos, and
transforming function rooms into
discos.
 Modern Cruising Develops
1980s and 1990s:

The momentum of cruising surged further with the introduction of "megaships" that
surpassed traditional ocean liners in size and amenities.

Super-luxury vessels catered to passengers seeking top-tier experiences.

High-tech masted sailing ships and small expedition vessels offered unique adventure
options.

Paddlewheelers returned to the Mississippi, and innovative designs like super-sized

catamarans accommodated large passenger capacities.

Cruising diversified to accommodate a wide range of preferences and interests, offering an

experience for nearly everyone.
History of Cruising (various sources)
YEAR EVENT

1801 The first practical steam-driven vessel was the tug Charlotte Dundas.

1837 Peninsular Steam Navigation Company was established, which later known as the
Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, now P&O Cruises.
1840 Sam Cunard established the First transatlantic steamship.

1843 Iron-hulled, propeller-driven customer vessel, the Great Britain was launched.

1844 The first pleasure cruiser occurred. P&O’s SS Iberia cruised from London to Vigo,
Lisbon, Malta, Istanbul, and Alexandria.
1880 Britannia, A Cunard Line Ship, embarked on a 14-day translantic voyage from
Liverpool, with a cow onboard.
1884 The Peninsular Steam Navigation Company (P&O Cruises) became the first
dedicated leisure cruise line.
History of Cruising (various sources)
YEAR EVENT

1910 White Star introduced the Olympic.

1911 White Star introduced Titanic, which sank after colliding with an iceberg on April
12, 1912.
1920-33 “Booze Cruises” from US ports allowed customers to drink and gamble.

1922 Cunard’s Laconia sailed on a cruise world. The customers were divided in three-
class accommodation.
1929 P&O’s Viceroy of India was introduces. The most impressive ship which featured
the first use of turbo-electric power and first onboard swimming pool.
1934 The luxury liner RMS Queen Mary was launched. It had 1,174 officers and crew and
2000 customers.
1939 WWII was declared. Cruise ships like Queen May and Queen Elizabeth were
converted as troop carriers.
History of Cruising (various sources)
YEAR EVENT

1958 Boeing 707’s first commercial jet introduces. It led to the downturn of business to
many cruise companies.
1970 New cruise lines companies established. The tv series Love Boat aired in 1977 to
1986 which starred the Princess cruises.
1986 Windstar, a vessel with computerized sails was introduced.

1990’s Globalization and consolidation led to mergers and acquisitions.

2000 Royal Carribean International’s Explorer of the Seas were introduced.

2003 Cunard’s Queen Mary 2 was launched. Carnival Corporation became the largest
cruise operator when they merged with P&O’s Princess Cruises.
2006 Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) introduced the freestyle concept of cruising.
2018 Symphony of the Seas is the largest ship to date with 2759 staterooms, carries
6,680 guests, and 2,200 crew.
 Cruising Today and Beyond
The Cruise Line International Association (CLIA) is the World’s largest trade industry
association that provides a unified voice and leading authority of the global cruise
community. CLIA supports policies and practices that foster a safe, secure, health and
sustainable cruise ship environment.

From CLIA 2019 industry outlook, it revealed the following findings.

1. Cruisers have become very much fascinated with instagrammable photos.

2. Cruisers seek total restoration.

3. A shift from experience travel to achievement travel.

4. Cruisers are technology savvy.

 Cruising Today and Beyond
5. Travelers are mindful of the environment.

6. Access is the new luxury.

7. Generation Z takes the lead at the sea.

8. Off-peak escapades.

9. Work and leisure combo

10. Women power.

11. Go solo.
 “Cruising is not just about the
destinations; it's about the journey,
the experience, and the memories
created along the way.”