Expt.

2: Performance Testing Of Single Cylinder Direct Injection Engine

Name: Aditya Ravindra Pillai Roll No.: ME20BTECH11002
Aim: To test the performance of a 4-stroke single cylinder Direct Injection engine by measuring the Break
thermal and Volumetric efficiency.
Procedure:
1. Fill in the required amount of fuel into the experimental apparatus.
2. Connect the battery and ignite the engine.
3. Set the load using the dynamometer Controller depending upon the desired parameters.
4. Once the load is set, we increase or decrease the fuel consumption rate using a knob to control the
throttle valve.
5. Then adjust the throttle valve such that the RPM remains constant at 1500 RPM for various load
conditions.
6. Then using a stopwatch, we measure the fuel consumption rate of the 18cc tube. We repeat it for 3 times
for each load condition and take their mean to eliminate any form of error in the measurements.
7. Also note down the values of air flow rate for each case.
8. We then tabulate the obtained data and find out Fuel consumption, Break Power, Specific fuel
consumption, Break Thermal Efficiency and Volumetric Efficiency.
Formulae:
18 cc × 3600× Specifig gravity of the fuel 2 πNT
F.C = kg/hr BP =
t ×1000 60 ×1000
Airflow BP FC
ηVol ¿ η BP ¿ SFC =
Vs x N x No of Cylinders x Air Density x 60 FC × CV BP

Table:

Airflo Speed Torque Time FC BP SFC (Kg/

S.No η BP ηVol
w (g/s) (RPM) (Nm) (s) (Kg/hr) (kW) kW.hr)

1 2.2 1500 5 150 0.320 0.785 0.407 20.322% 15.823%

2 2.7 1500 10 130 0.369 1.570 0.235 35.225% 19.419%
3 3.5 1500 15 110 0.436 2.355 0.185 44.709% 25.173%

Sample Calculation:
For a torque of 10 Nm:
N = 1500 RPM
Calorific value of the fuel (CV) = 43500 KJ/kg
Specific gravity of the fuel = 0.74
Bore = 83 mm
Stroke = 84 mm
Air density = 1.225 kg/m3
Air Flow rate= 2.7 g/s = 9.72 Kg/hr
 2 πNT 2 π ×1500 ×10
BP = = = 1.57 kW
60 ×1000 60 × 1000

18 cc × 3600× Specifig gravity of the fuel 18 cc × 3600× 0.74

FC = kg/hr = = 0.369 kg/hr
t ×1000 130 ×1000
SFC = FC/BP = 0.369/1.57 = 0.235 kg/kw hr
BP 1.57 ×3600
η BP= ¿ = 0.0352
FC × CV .369× 43500
3.14 ×0.083 × 0.083× 0.84
Vs = 4
= 0.000454

Airflow 9.72
ηVol ¿ = 0.000454 x 1500 x 1 x 1.225 x 60 = 0.194
Vs x N x No of Cylinders x Air Density x 60
Graph:

Brake Power Vs volumetric Efficiency

30.000%
volumetric Efficiency (%)

25.000%

20.000%

15.000%

10.000%

5.000%

0.000%
0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200 1.400 1.600 1.800 2.000 2.200 2.400 2.600
Break Power (kW)

Break Thermal Efficiency vs. Brake Power

50.000%
45.000%
Break Thermal Efficiency (%)

40.000%
35.000%
30.000%
25.000%
20.000%
15.000%
10.000%
5.000%
0.000%
0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200 1.400 1.600 1.800 2.000 2.200 2.400 2.600
Break Power (kW)

Result and Discussion:

1. From the graph we can observe that both Break Thermal efficiency and Volumetric efficiency increase
with increase in Break power and they both are following a linear trend.
2. The Air flow values are also increasing with the load.
3. We can also conclude that to maintain the RPM the fuel consumption increases with increasing load.