Homework 1

3.

Green House Gases GWP (kg CO2eq/kg) Massa (kg) CO2eq (GWP x Massa)
CH4 21 10 210
CO2 1 250 250
N2O 310 1 310
R-134a 1300 0.01 13
R-143a 3800 0.08 304

Yang paling berbahaya adalah zat dengan CO 2eq terbesar yaitu N2O

4. CF IGCC = 90%

CF NGCC = 85%

E NGCC =P× 8760 ×C F NGCC

¿ E NGCC =100× 8760 ×85 %

¿ E NGCC =744600 MWh

E IGCC =P × 8760× C F NGCC

¿ E IGCC=100× 8760 ×90 %

¿ E IGCC=788400 MWh

Faktor emisi IGCC = 810 kg CO2eq/MWh

Faktor emisi NGCC = 380 kg CO2eq/MWh

Emis i NGCC =E NGCC × E F NGCC

Emis i NGCC =744600 ×380

¿ Emis i NGCC =282.95 kt

Emis i IGCC =E IGCC × E F IGCC

¿ Emis i IGCC =788400× 810

¿ Emis i IGCC =638.6 kt

Sehingga lebih bersih NGCC

Homework 2

INVCOST = $725 million

Capacity = 680000 ton/annum

Hydrogen cost = $2.2/kg

Fixed OM = 4%

I = 10%

n = 20 years

1 kJ drop in ß 0.09 kJ H2

1100 L drop in ß 1 ton CPO

(A / P ,10 % , 20) × INVCOST + FIXOM + VAROM

LCOE=
Et
Annualized investment cost = $85,158,228

Fixed OM = 4% INVCOST

= 29,000,000

Et = CAP X CF X 8760

= 680000 X 85% X 8760

= 5,063,280,000 ton/annum

HHV H2 = 142 kJ/ton

HHV drop in assumed to be = 45.6 kJ/ton

Density drop in assumed to be 0.846 kg/m^3

Sehingga

1 kJ drop in ß 0.09 kJ H2

= 0.044 ton drop in ß 6.34x10^-4 ton H2

= 1 ton drop in ß0.014 ton H2

Dan

1100 L drop in ß 1 ton CPO

= 0.931 ton drop in ß 1 ton CPO

= 1 ton drop in ß 1.074 ton CPO

Harga bahan baku per ton drop in

H2 = 0.014 ton X $2.2/ kg X 1000 kg/ton

= $30.8/ ton drop in

Harga CPO assumed to be = $500/ton

CPO = 1.074 ton X $500/ton

= CPO = $537/ton drop in

85,158,228+ 29,000,000+ 5,063,280,000 ( 537+30.8 )

LCOE=
5,063,280,000
LCOE=$ 567.82 /ton
Konversi ke L dengan density = 0.846 kg/L

LCOE=$ 0.48/ L
1 USD = 15000 IDR

¿ LCOE=Rp 7205/ L
Dibandingkan dengan harga solar subsidi hari ini yaitu sebesar RP 5150/L maka BPP drop in jauh
lebih mahal dibandingkan harga solar
Homework 3

1. P = 10000 MW
H = 10 – 300 m
η = 95%
P
=Q
ρgHη
Didapatkan kurva

120000
2. A. P = 4 x
160 MW
100000
H = 500 m
80000
η = 95%
mas flow (kg/s)

60000

40000

20000 P
=Q
ρgHη
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Head (m)

160,000,000 W
¿ =Q
1000× 9.81× 500× 0.95
kg
¿ 34.33 for 1turbine
s
b. CAP high = 3 x 10^9 m3 = 3 x 10^9 ton
Et = 120 TWh/year

Asumsi CF = 0.6
Et =P ×8760 ×CF
120 TWh
=P
8760× 0.6
¿ 22.8 GW =P

Karena Pumped hydro storage maka ada dua efisiensi yaitu pompa dan turbin, asumsi
masing-masing adalah 95%
P
=Q
ρgH η2
22.8 x 10 9 W
=Q
1000× 9.81× 500 ×0.952
 kg
Q=5150.5 =5.2 ton/s
s
CAP
t=
Q

3 x 109
t=
5.2
¿ t=576923076.9 s=18.3 years
Homework 4

1. Karena maksimum diasumsikan keluaran turbin adalah saturated vapor dan turbin bekerja
secara isentropis (S_out=S_in)
Nilai enthalpi dan entropi dapat dilihat dengan berbagai aplikasi steam table online (ex.
https://www.steamtablesonline.com/steam97web.aspx) (H = enthalpi; S = entropi)
H_in @ 250 C & 10 bar = 2943.2 kJ/kg
S_in @ 250 C & 10 bar = 6.926 kJ/kg-K
H_out @ S_out = S_in & Sat. Vapor = 2733.88 kJ/kg

P=m∆ H
¿ P=40 ( 2943.2−2733.88 )
¿ P=8.37 MW
2. INVCOST = $4000/kW
FIX OM = 4%
I = 12%
n = 30 years
CF = 0.8

(A / P ,10 % , 20)× INVCOST + FIXOM

LCOE=
Et
Annualized INVCOST = (A/P,12%,30) 4000 x 8.37 x 1000
= $4,156,330

Fixed OM = 4% x 4000 x 8.37 x 1000

= $1,339,200

Et = P x CF x 8760
=Et = 8.37 x 0.8 x 8760
= Et = 58657 MWh

4156330+1339200
LCOE= ¿ LCOE=$ 93.7/ MWh
58657