Solution

XII B PB-2

Class 12 - Chemistry
The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each question carries 1 mark. There is no
internal choice in this section.
1. (a) gets slowly oxidized by air in the presence of light and form a poisonous gas.
Explanation: In the presence of light chloroform slowly oxidizes in air to form phosgene (carbonyl chloride COCl2), which is
a poisonous gas. It is therefore stored in closed dark coloured bottles completely filled so that air is kept out.
2CHCl3 + O2 → 2COCl2 + 2HCl

2. (a) 2-Methylbutan-2-ol
CH
3

Explanation: The correct IUPAC name of C H 3 − C − C H2 C H3 is 2-Methylbutan-2-ol

|

OH

3. (a) Propan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, butan-1-ol, pentan-1-ol

Explanation: The boiling point increases with an increase in the molecular mass of the alcohol. Thus, the correct order is
Propan-1-ol < butan-2-ol < butan-1-ol < pentan-1-ol.
4. (a) methoxyethane
Explanation: Ether reacts with HI to form alcohol and alkyl iodide. Alcohol on oxidation will give the iodoform test.
5. (a) Butan-2-ol
alk

Explanation: C H 3 C H2 C HC H3 −−−−−→ C H3 C H2 C OC H3 Butan-2-ol converted to butanone

| KMnO4 Bu tan one
OH

Bu tan −2−ol

6. (a) Zn – Hg with HCl

Explanation: For Clemmenson we use Zn-Hg( conc. HCl ). This reduction reduces carbonyl groups to an alkane. This
reduction cannot be used when an acid-sensitive group is present.
7.
(b) Iodoform test
Explanation: C H C OR + I + N aOH → C HI + RC O O N a
3 2 3
− +

Iodoform test is a characteristic test given by methyl ketones. CHI formed is yellow precipitate.
8.
(d) CH3CH2NO2
Explanation: A primary nitro compound on reduction will give primary amine. The reduction can be done using Fe/HCl or
Sn/HCl.
9.
(d) II < I < III
Explanation:

Electron withdrawing group decreases the basic strength of aniline while electron releasing groups increases the basic strength
of aniline.

10. (a) m-nitroaniline

Explanation: In the presence of NH4HS, one nitro group of dinitrobenzene gets reduced and gives m- nitroaniline as a major

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 product.

11.
(c) Sn4+
Explanation:
When acidified K2Cr2O7 solution is added to the Sn2+ salt, Sn2+ changes to Sn4+ ion
The reaction is given below

12.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Hydrolysis of alkyl halides with inversion of configuration is an example of SN2 mechanism. This mechanism is
a one-step process and does not involve the formation of a carbocation.
13.
(d) Both assertion and reason are INCORRECT.
Explanation: Both assertion and reason are INCORRECT.
14.
(c) f-block
Explanation: In f-block elements with an increase in atomic number, atomic radii decrease smoothly due to lanthanide
contraction.
15. (a) Fe and Mg
Explanation: Haemoglobin contains Fe and Chlorophyll contains Mg.
16.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Maltose, a disaccharide (C12H22O11) is a reducing sugar, which upon hydrolysis yields 2 moles of D (+)
glucose. In it, the two D-glucose units are linked through the α-glycosidic linkage between C-1 of one glucose unit and C-4 of
the other.
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The following questions are very short answer type and
carry 2 marks each
17. i. C6H5N2+Cl- + KI → C6H5I + KCI + N2
ii.
CCl4

+ Br2 −
− −
→ BrCH2 - CH2 Br
Vie - Dibromide

18. i. Electron withdrawing groups such as -NO2 increases the acidic character while, electron releasing group such as -CH3
decreases the acidic character thus, the increasing order of acidic strength is

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 ii. The mechanism for the formation of carbocation is as follows

19.

OR
a. p-Nitroaniline < aniline < p-Toluidine
b. C6H5NH2 < C6H5NHCH3 < C6H5CH2NH2

20. Vitamin Deficiency disease

B Xerophthalmia, Night blindness

B2 digestive disorders

B6 Convulsions

B12 Pernicious anaemia

C Scurvy

D Rickets

E Muscular weakness

K Increased blood clotting time.

21. Essential amino acids are required by the human body, but they cannot be synthesised in the body. They must be taken through
food. For example: valine and leucine.
Non-essential amino acids are also required by the human body, but they can be synthesised in the body. For example: glycine,
and alanine
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question. The following questions are short answer type and carry
3 marks each

22. i.

ii. CH3COCH3 + I2 + NaOH ⟶ C HI3 + CH3COONa + 3NaI + 3H2O

Iodof orm

Acetone

iii. CH3CH2CH2Cl + NaI−−−−→CH3CH2CH2I + NaCl

heat

23. i. Hydroboration of propene followed by oxidation with H2O2 in alkaline medium.

ii. Dehydration of (CH3)3C–OH by heating it with 20% H3PO4 at 358 K.

C H3

| 20% H3 P O4

C H3 − C − OH −−−−−−−→ C H3 − C = C H2 + H2 O
| 358K |

C H3 C H3

t−butyl alcohol 2 methylpropene

(2 methyl−2−propanol) (I sobu tylene)

iii. Heating of with HI.

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 OR
Z nCl2

a. (i) C H 3 C H2 C H2 C H2 OH + HC l −−−→ No reaction at room temperature

Butan−1−ol

CH3 CH3

| Z nCl2 |

(ii) C H3 − C − C H2 − C H3 + HC l −−−→ C H3 − C − C H2 − C H3
| |

OH Cl

2−Methylbu tan −2−ol 2−Chloro−2−methylbutane

b. (i) C H 3 C H2 C H2 C H2 OH + HBr → C H3 C H2 C H2 C H2 Br + H2 O
1−Bromobu tan e

CH3 CH3

| |

(ii) C H3 − C − C H2 − C H3 + HBr → C H3 − C − C H2 − C H3 + H2 O
| |

OH Br

2 - Bromo - 2 - methylbutane

c. (i) C H 3 − C H2 − C H2 − C H2 OH + SOC l2 → C H3 C H2 C H2 C l + SO2 + HC l

1−Chlorobutane

CH3 CH3

| |

(ii) C H3 − C − C H2 − C H3 + SOC l2 → C H3 − C − C H2 − C H3 + SO2 + HC l

| |

OH Cl

2−Chloro−2−methylbutane

24. The relevant equations for all the reactions involved may be explained as follows:
O O

|| Dil. H2 S O4 ||

C H3 C H2 C H2 − C − OC H2 C H2 C H3 −−−−−−→ C H3 C H2 C H2 − C − OH + C H3 C H2 C H2 C H2 OH
Buytl butonate(A)(M.F= C8 H16 O2 ) Hydrolysis Bu tan oic acid(II) Bu tan −1−ol(B)

|| CrO3 /C H3 COOH Dehydration

C H3 C H2 C H2 − C − OH ←−−−−−−−−−− C H3 C H2 C H2 C H2 OH −−−−−−−→ C H3 C H2 C H = C H2
Bu tan oic acid(B) Oxidation Bu tan −1−ol(C) (− H2 O) But−1−ene

25. i. Because it gives a mixture of amines which is difficult to separate.

ii. Aniline is a Lewis base and it reacts with AlCl3 to form a salt.
iii. Because of protonation of aniline / formation of anilinium ion which deactivates the ring.
26. a.

b.

27. a. Peptide linkage. Amino acids are bifunctional molecules with NH2 group at one end and COOH at the other. Therefore, the
COOH of one molecule and NH2 of another molecule interact by elimination of H2O to form an amide like linkage called
peptide bond or peptide linkage.
b. Primary structure. The sequence in which amino acids are linked with each other in polypeptide chain form primary
structure.
c. Denaturation. The process of by which secondary and tertiary structure of proteins get disturbed on change of pH or
temperature and they are not able to perform their functions. This is called denaturation of proteins.
28. i. Glucose does not have open chain structure and hence it does not have a free -CHO
group. Actually the -CHO group combines with C5-OH to form a hemiacetal.
Glucose largely exists in the cyclic hemiacetal form along with a very small amount (0.5 %) of the open-chain form. Since the
concentration of the open-chain form is low and its reaction with 2,4-DNP is reversible, therefore, the formation of 2,4- DNP
derivative cannot disturb the equilibrium to generate more of the open-chain form from the cyclic hemiacetal form and hence
it does not react with 2,4- DNP.
ii. In the helical structure of DNA, the two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between specific pairs of bases. As
hydrogen bonds are formed between a specific pair of bases. Cytosine forms a hydrogen bond with guanine, while adenine
forms a hydrogen bond with thymine. As a result, the two strands are complementary to each other.

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 iii. Starch and cellulose are two very similar polymers. Starch is formed by C1-C4 alpha glycosidic linkage, whereas cellulose is
formed by C1-C4 beta glycosidic linkage.

The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an internal choice and carries 4 (1+1+1+1)marks each.
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Alcohols and phenols are most important compounds used in our daily life. Alcohols are prepared by hydration of alkenes,
fermentation of glucose, reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters. Alcohols are soluble in water. Boiling points
increase with increase in molar mass and decrease with branching. Alcohols on dehydration gives alkene at 443K, follow
carbocation mechanism. Excess of alcohol at 413K on dehydration with conc. H2SO4 also follow carbocation mechanism but
gives diethyl ether. Alcohols undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions, esterification with carboxylic acids and derivatives like
amides, acid halides, acid anhydride. Phenol is prepared from cumene, diazonium salts, anisole, chlorobenzene. Phenol is used to
prepare salicylaldehyde, salicylic acid, aspirin, methyl salicylate, p-benzoquinone. Phenol undergoes electrophilic substitution
reaction at o & p-position. Ethers are functional isomers of alcohols, have low boiling points. Ethers are used as solvents.
Unsymmetrical ethers are prepared by Williamson synthesis. Ethers react with HI and undergo SN1 or SN2 mechanism depending
upon stability of carbocation formed. Aromatic ethers like anisole undergoes electrophilic substitution at o & p-position.
(i) Tertiary butyl alcohol will undergo dehydration faster because 3° carbocation is more stable.
(ii)

Na 2 Cr2 O7 /H2 SO 4 Conc.

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−→
[O] heat

(iii)It is due to resonance in phenol, there is double bond character in C—O bond, therefore shorter than single bond in
methanol.
(iv)It is due to repulsive interaction between two lone pair of electrons in alcohol.
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The f-block consists of elements in which 4f and 5f orbitals are progressively filled. They are placed in a separate panel at the
bottom of the periodic table. The names transition metals and inner transition metals are often used to refer to the elements of d-
and f-blocks respectively. The d–block occupies the large middle section of the periodic table flanked between s and p blocks in
the periodic table. In general, the electronic configuration of the outer orbitals of these elements is (n - 1)d1-10ns1-2. The electronic
configurations of outer orbitals of Zn, Cd, Hg and Cn are represented by the general formula (n - 1)d10ns2. The transition metals
and their compounds also exhibit catalytic property and paramagnetic behaviour. Transition metal also forms an alloy. An alloy is
a blend of metals prepared by mixing the components. Alloys may be homogeneous solid solutions in which the atoms of one
metal are distributed randomly among the atoms of the other.
(i) The transition metals are quite similar in size and, therefore, the atoms of one metal can substitute the atoms of other
metal in its crystal lattice. Thus, on cooling a mixture solution of two or more transition metals, solid alloys are formed.
(ii) The high enthalpies of atomization are due to a large number of unpaired electrons in their atoms. Therefore, they have
stronger interatomic interactions and hence, stronger bonding between atoms.
(iii)Transition elements and many of their compounds are paramagnetic, i.e., they are weakly attracted by a magnetic field.
This is due to the presence of unpaired electrons in atoms, ions or molecules. The paramagnetic character increases as
the number of unpaired electrons increases.
(iv) a. The ability of transition metal ion to pass easily from one oxidation state to another and thus providing a new path to
reaction with lower activation energy.
b. The surface of transition metal acts as very good adsorbent and thus provides increased concentration of reactants on
their surface causing the reaction to occur.
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each. All questions have an internal choice
31. Answer all the questions
(i) i. The structure of 1-bromo-4-chlorobut-2-ene is
H2 C − C H = C H − C H2
| |

Cl Br

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 ii. C H 3 − ⋆C H − C H2 − C H3
|

Cl

2 - Chlorobutane

Here the ⋆C is the chiral center attached to 4 different groups.

iii. Cyclic arrangement of 6C- atoms; Cl at C-1 and C2H5 at C-4.

1-chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane
CH3

3 | 1

iv. H 3C −
2
C − C H2 C l
|

CH3

1-chloro-2,2-dimethyl propane
v. RMgX + H2O → RH + Mg(OH)X
Grignard’s reagent is highly reactive and on contact with even slight traces of water, form the corresponding
hydrocarbon therefore it is necessary to avoid traces of water.
OR

i.

acetone,Δ

ii. C H 3 C H2 − Br + N aI −−−−−→ C H3 C H2 − I + N aBr

Bromoethane Iodoethane

iii. 2, 3–dibromo-1-chloro-3-methylpentane
32. Answer the following
(i)

i.

The IUPAC name is 2-chlorophenylethanone

ii. 2-Methylcyclopentanecarboxylic acid
iii. IUPAC Name: 3-Phenylprop-2-enal Common Name: β -Phenylacrolein

iv.

v.

OR
i. i. Rosenmund Reduction in presence of Lindlar's Catalyst (H2/Pd-BaSO4).
ii. Aldol Condensation in presence of dil. NaOH.
iii. Hell-Volhard Zelinsky Reaction in presence of Cl2/Red Phosphorous.

ii. i.

ii.

2+ ||
Hg , H2 SO 4

iii. H 3C − C ≡ C − H ⟶ C H3 −C − C H3

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 +
H3 O

iv. −−−→

33. i. a. In actinoids, the 5f orbitals are filled which have more poor shielding effect than 4f orbitals in lanthanoids. Thus, the
effective nuclear charge experienced by electrons in valence shells in case of actinoids is much more that that experienced
by lanthanoids. Hence, the size contraction in actinoids is greater as compared to that in lanthanoids.
b. Most of the complexes of transition elements are coloured. This is because of the absorption of radiation from visible light
region to promote an electron from one of the d-orbital to another.
ii. 2M nO −
4
+ 5N O
−
2
+ 6H
+ 2+
→ 2M n + 5N O
−
3
+ 3H2 O

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