2013 Bored of Studies Trial Examinations

Mathematics Extension 2

General Instructions Total Marks – 100

 Reading time – 5 minutes. Section I Pages 1 – 5

 Working time – 3 hours.
 Write using black or blue pen. 10 marks
Black pen is preferred.  Attempt Questions 1 – 10
 Board-approved calculators  Allow about 15 minutes for this section.
may be used.
 A table of standard integrals is Section II Pages 5 – 19
provided at the back of this paper. 90 marks
 Show all necessary working in  Attempt Questions 11 – 16
Questions 11 – 16.  Allow about 2 hours 45 minutes for this section.
Total marks – 10
Attempt Questions 1 – 10
All questions are of equal value
Shade your answers in the appropriate box in the Multiple Choice answer sheet provided.

1 Let P  x  be a cubic polynomial. Consider the following conditions.

(I) 2   2  2  0.
(II)  2   2   2  0 .
(III) Has a root of multiplicity two.

Which of the following statements are always true?

(A) If (I) is true, then all three roots are real.

(B) If (II) is true, then there are at least two non-real roots.

(C) If (III) is true, then all three roots are real.

(D) None of the above.

2 Which of the following statements is always correct?

 b
(A) If z  a  ib is in the first quadrant, then arg  z   tan 1    .
 a

b
(B) If z  a  ib is in the second quadrant, then arg  z   tan 1   .
a

b
(C) If z  a  ib is in the third quadrant, then arg  z   tan 1   .
a

b
(D) If z  a  ib is in the fourth quadrant, then arg  z   tan 1   .
a

–1–
 25
3 A directrix of an ellipse has the equation x  and one of its foci has the coordinates
4
 4, 0  . What is the equation of this ellipse?

x2 y2
(A)   1.
5 3

x2 y2
(B)   1.
3 5

x2 y2
(C)  1.
25 9

x2 y2
(D)   1.
9 25

4 A convex polygon has 44 diagonals. How many sides does the polygon have?

(A) 8.

(B) 9.

(C) 10.

(D) 11.

5 Which of the following integrals is NOT equivalent to the others?


4 3
(A)  tan x dx.
0

1
 x
(B)  2 x  1 dx.
0  
e
 e2 x
(C)  2 x
dx.
1 1  e

1
 x3
(D)  2 dx.
0 x  1
–2–
6 The diagram shows a sketch of the curve y  x f  x  .
y

Which of the following best represents y  f  x  ?

(A) (C)

(B) (D)

–3–
7 Which of the following polynomials is divisible by x 2  2 x  1 ?

(A) P  x   x n  n  x  1  1 .

(B) P  x   x n  n  x  1  1 .

(C) P  x   x n  n  x  1  1 .

(D) P  x   x n  n  x  1  1 .

8 A particle of mass m is undergoing circular motion in a circle of radius r and with angular
velocity  . Let the particle’s tangential velocity be V and let its tangential acceleration be
a. Which of the following expressions is correct?

(A) a  mr 2 .

(B) a  r 2 .

(C) V  mr .

(D) V  r .


9 The area bounded by the curve y  sin x , the x axis and x  is rotated about the y axis.
2
Which of the following is an expression for the volume of the solid formed?


2
(A)   x 2 cos x dx.
0


2
(B) 2  x 1  sin x  dx.
0


2
(C)   x   x  sin x dx.
0


2
(D) 2  x cos x dx.
0

–4–
10 Suppose f  x  is a continuous smooth function over a  x  b and g  x  is a continuous
function over c  x  d . Which of the following integrals is always greater than or equal
to the other choices?

b d
 
(A)  f  x  dx   g  x  dx .
a c

b d
 
(B)  f  x  dx   g  x  dx .
a c

b d
 
(C)  f  x  dx   g  x  dx .
a c

b d
 
(D)  f  x  dx   g  x  dx .
a c

–5–
Total marks – 90
Attempt Questions 11 – 16
All questions are of equal value
Answer each question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

Question 11 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.


 2 a  b sin x
(a) Evaluate  dx. 2
0  b  a sin x 
2

(b) Use implicit differentiation to show that x2  y 2  a 2 and xy  c 2 , where 2

a, c  0 , always intersect at right angles.

(c) Let the origin, z1 , z2 and z3 be four points in the complex plane that form a cyclic
quadrilateral with centre c.

(i) Describe the set of complex numbers w satisfying w  k  w , 1

where k is a fixed complex number.

1 1 1
(ii) Prove that , and are collinear. 2
z1 z2 z3

2 x3  1
(d) Sketch the curve y  2 . 3
2x 1

Question 11 continues on page 7

–6–
(e) In the circle x2  y 2  r 2 , an angle of    2   subtends sector OAB, which is
2 2
symmetrical about the x axis. The areas described by OAB and the minor segment AB
are rotated about the y axis, forming solids with volumes V1 and V2 respectively.

x
O

(i) Find V1 in terms of  . 2

(ii) Hence, find the value(s) of  such that V1  V2 . 3

End of Question 11

–7–
Question 12 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) Define the sequence an1  1  a1a2 ... an for all integers n  1 , where a1  1 .

(i) Use Mathematical Induction to prove that 3

1 1 1 1 1
   ...   2  .
a1 a2 a3 an a1a2 a3 ... an

(ii) Prove that an1  an , for all n  1 . 1

n
1
(iii) Hence, find the limiting value of a
k 1
as n   . 1
k

(b) A particle P of mass m spins with angular velocity  in a circle of radius 4

r, and is suspended by two light inextensible strings making angles from

the vertical of  and  , where 0      . Let A be the point from
2
which the top string is suspended from, and let B be the point where the
bottom string is attached. A

B
The strings AP and BP experience tensions of T1 and T2 respectively.

g  sin   sin  
Prove that if T1  T2 , then  2   .
r  cos   cos  

Question 12 continues on page 9

–8–
(c) Two sheets of paper with dimensions a and b, a  b , are stacked on a flat surface.
One sheet of paper is raised up by a height H, and then rotated 90 about its centre.

The vertices of the bottom sheet and top sheet are connected, forming a solid.

Cross-sections taken parallel to the sheets are rectangles. Let the height of a
typical cross section from the floor be h.

(i) Let  V be the volume of a cross section with thickness  h .

Show that 4

abH 2   b  a   hH  h2   h
1 
V 
2
2  
H

(ii) Hence, show that the volume of the solid is 2

V 
H 2
6
a  4ab  b 2 

End of Question 12

–9–
Question 13 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) A pack of n cards consists of q different colours. Each colour has p different cards
labeled from 1 to p, such that n  pq .

From the pack, k cards are drawn out, where 2  k  p  n .

(i) Find the probability of exactly 2 of those cards being the same 2
number.

(ii) Show that if p  q  k , then the number of ways of having exactly 1

pp
 p  1 .
2
two cards of the same number is
2

(b) A particle of mass m falls from rest and experiences a gravitational force of mg and a
resistive force of mkv 2 . Let its terminal velocity be denoted by u.

g
(i) Show that u 2  . 1
k

(ii) Prove that the displacement of the particle at time t is 4

 gtu 
gt

e e u
x  ln  .
1
k  2 

 

Question 13 continues on page 11

– 10 –
(c) Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral. A line is drawn through A to meet CD extended at
P such that BAC  DAP .

C P
D

AD  BC
(i) Prove that BAC ||| DAP and hence show that DP  . 2
AB

AC  BD
(ii) Prove that ABD ||| ACP and hence show that CP  . 2
AB

(iii) Prove that 1

AC  BD  AB  CD  AD  BC

Question 13 continues on page 12

– 11 –
Consider an equilateral triangle ABC inscribed within a circle. A line drawn from A
passes through BC at Q and the circumference of the circle at P.
A

Q
B C

(iv) Use part (iii) to prove that PA  PB  PC . 2

End of Question 13

– 12 –
Question 14 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) Let P  z   z n 1  kz n  kz  1 , where 1  k  1 , and n is a positive integer.

1
(i) Prove that if  is a root of P  z  , is also a root. 1


(ii) Suppose there exists n  1 distinct roots of P  z  all with modulus 1

not equal to one.

Explain why there exists at least one root  , such that   1 .

(iii) Show that    k  1  k

2n 2 2
1

 
(iv) Deduce that   1 1  k 2   0 .
2
2

(v) Hence, explain why all roots of P  z  have modulus 1. 1

(b) Consider an n sided regular polygon centred at the origin with vertices PP
1 2 P3 ...Pn ,

where P1 has coordinates 1, 0  .

2
Let   and define dk  PP
1 k 1 .
n

Show that dk2  1  cos k   sin 2 k

2
(i) 1

(ii) Hence, show that 1

dk2  2   k   nk ,

where  is an nth root of unity.

(iii) Deduce that d12  d 22  d32  ...  d n21  2n . 2

Question 14 continues on page 14

– 13 –
(c) Let a, b, A and B be positive numbers.

ab 1  a 2 b 2 
(i) Prove that    . 1
AB 2  A2 B 2 

n n
(ii) Let A   ak2 and B 
k 1
b
k 1
2
k , where ak and bk are positive 2

real numbers.

Use (i) to prove that

2
 n   n 2  n 2 
 
 k 1
ak bk     ak   bk 
  k 1  k 1 

(iii) Let S  x1  x2  x3  ...  xn , where xk  0 for all 1  k  n . 2

Use (ii) to prove that

S S S S n2
   ...  
S  x1 S  x2 S  x3 S  xn n  1

End of Question 14

– 14 –
Question 15 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

1 n
(a) Define the series Sn  x     cos  kx  , where 0  x   .
2 k 1

(i) Prove that sin      sin      2 cos  sin  1

(ii) Prove that 2

 sin  2n  1 x 2 
 , if x  0.
 2sin  x 2 
Sn  x   
 1
 n  2 , if x  0.


 1
Prove that  x cos  kx  dx  2  1  1 , where k is a positive integer.
k
(b) 2
0 k  



(c) Define the integral I n  lim  x f n  x  dx , where
a 0
a

sin  2n  1 x 2 
fn  x  
2sin  x 2 

(i) Use (a) and (b), or otherwise, to prove that 1

2   1 k  1 
n
In   .
4 k 1  k 2 

(ii) Deduce that 1

1 2 n 1
I 2 n 1   .
2 8 k 1  2k  12

Question 15 continues on page 16

– 15 –
 d  x2 
Let g  x    .
dx  sin  x 2  

(iii) Using Integration by Parts, or otherwise, prove that 3


2     4n  1 x  
I 2 n 1  1  lim  g  x  cos   dx  .
4n  1  a 0 a  2  


(iv) Prove that 2


    4n  1 x  
1   lim  g  x  cos   dx   1 ,
2 a 0 a  2  2

(v) Deduce that as n   , I 2n1  0 . 1

(vi) Hence, prove that 2


1 2

k 1 k
2

6
.

End of Question 15

– 16 –
Question 16 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) Let T be an external point of an ellipse. From T, two tangents are drawn to the ellipse
and let P and P  be the points of contact. Lines are drawn from T to both foci S and S  .

S and S  are reflected about the lines TP and TP  respectively, forming R and R 
respectively.

P R

(i) Prove that S, P and R are collinear. 2

(ii) Hence, prove that TRS  TS  R . 2

(iii) Deduce that STP  S TP . 1

Question 16 continues on page 18

– 17 –
(b) Let P  z  be a polynomial with real coefficients with exactly one real root.
Its roots z1 , z2 and z3 form the vertices of a triangle  P in the complex plane.

Define T  z   Az  B , where A is a real non-zero constant, and B is a fixed complex

number.

Let T be the triangle with vertices T  zk  , where k  1, 2, 3 .

(i) Explain why T |||  P . 1

(ii) Let PT  z    z  T  z1    z  T  z2    z  T  z3   . 1

Prove that PT T  z    A3 P  z  .

(iii) Deduce that if  is a root of P  z  , then T   is a root of PT  z  . 1

(iv) Describe the geometric significance of (iii). 1

Question 16 continues on page 19

– 18 –
(c) Let P  z  be a monic cubic polynomial with roots i,  i, r , where r is a positive non-
zero real number. Let the triangle formed by the roots be T with vertices A, A, R .

(i) Show that P  z   3 z 2  2rz  1 . 1

(ii) Suppose P  z  has no real roots. 3

Prove that the roots of P  z  lie within T.

(d) Let S  x  be a real cubic polynomial with two non-real roots such that the 2
roots of S   x  are also non-real. Let the roots of S  x  be z1 , z2 , z3 and
let the roots of S   x  be w1 and w2 .

Use (b) and (c) to show that w1 and w2 always lie within the triangle defined

by z1 , z2 , z3 .

End of Exam

– 19 –
 STANDARD INTEGRALS

 n 1 n 1
 x dx  x , n  1; x  0, if n  0
 n 1

 1
 dx  ln x, x  0
 x

 ax 1 ax
 e dx  e , a0
 a

 1
 cos ax dx  sin ax, a  0
 a

 1
 sin ax dx   cos ax, a  0
 a

 1
2
 sec ax dx  tan ax, a  0
 a

 1
 sec ax tan ax dx  sec ax, a  0
 a

 1 1 x
 2 dx  tan 1 , a  0
 a x
2
a a

 1 x
 dx  sin 1 , a  0, a  x  a
 a x
2 2 a




1
x a
2 2
dx  
 ln x  x 2  a 2 , x  a  0



 x a
2
1
2
dx 
 ln x  x 2  a 2 
NOTE: ln x  loge x, x  0

– 20 –

© Bored of Studies NSW 2013