CROP PRODUCTION

1.which method acording to you can bring the maximum increase in cop
productionin our country in future?
Ans-using better varieties of crop plants will result in increase of production as we
will have higher yeild as well

2. what do you think are the drawbacks of seeds being unevenly distributed in a
field while sowing?

Ans-a) it will result in the wasteage of field area

b) plant will not get proper nutrients and growth
c) seeds may be get eaten by birds

3. i have grown a few wheat plants in my garden because i like the plants. am i
growing the wheat crop? give reasons
Ans- No growing few plants in garden is not crop production it is growing wheat in
a field on a large scale.

MICROORGANISMS
1.Why do you think(a) curd sets faster in summer than in winter?(b) curd turns
sour faster in summer than in winter?
Ans-(a) Bacteria grow faster in summer, as they require warm temperatures to
grow. Thus, they set curd faster in summer than in winter.

(b) Curd turns sour faster in summer than in winter because during summer, the
temperature is high, which allows the bacteria to grow and multiply faster.

2.The sealed packets in which food items such as chips are sold are usually filled
with nitrogen. How do you think that helps?
Ans-The sealed packets in which food items such as chips are sold are usually filled
with nitrogen as nitrogen prevents the growth of microorganisms.

3.Why should you always wash your hands before handling food and after coming
from the toilet?
Ans-We should always wash our hands before handling food and after using the
toilet to remove the germs from our hands. If we eat food without washing our
hands, there is a chance that the germs may enter our body, causing infections.

4.Evolution i.e. changes in an organism to adjust to the environment, as suggested

by Charles Darwin, is a very slow process that takes place over tens of thousands
of generations, over millions of years. However, in bacteria, development of
resistance to antibiotics, which is a type of evolution, takes place within our own
lifetime. Can you say why it occurs so quickly in bacteria?
Ans-Evolution occurs quickly in bacteria, as bacteria reproduce faster than
other organisms. Some bacteria may reproduce as fast as every 20 minutes, which
is half-a-million times faster than humans. This is the reason why bacteria become
resistant to antibiotics within our own life time.

REFLECTION OF LIGHT
1.In which direction will a light ray falling along the normal to a mirror be
reflected?
Ans-it will be reflected in same direction because angle of incidence is equal to
angle of reflection.

2.A ray incident on a plane mirror is reflected in a direction such that the angle
between the incident and the reflected ray is 90°. What are the angles of
incidence and reflection?

Ans-The law of reflection states that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of
incidence.i + r = 90
=> i + i = 90

=> i = 45
=> r = i = 45

3.If all objects around us were to reflect light in a regular way, what problems
might we face?
Ans-we will be able to see objects in only one direction and not other directions.

4.Can the image formed by a plane mirror be projected on to a screen?

Ans--No, the image formed in a plane mirror cannot be projected on a screen, as it
is a virtual image

5.The image of an object is formed by two plane mirrors. One of the mirrors is
double the size of the other. In which case will the image be bigger? Why?
Ans- the size of the mirror will not effect the image.

METAL AND NON METAL

1.Silver is the best conductor of electricity. Can you say why electric wires are not
made of silver?
ANSWER:Silver is the best conductor of electricity, but it is highly expensive. This
makes it cost-ineffective to be used in electrical wiring. Thus, electric wires are not
made of silver.

2.Why are bells made of metals and not from wood?

ANSWER:Most of the metals are sonorous in nature ,they produce ringing sound
when hammered. This property of metals makes it suitable to be used in the
manufacturing of bells.

3.Suppose copper was high up in the reactivity series. Would it still have been
such a useful metal? Give reasons.

ANSWER:If copper was high up in the reactivity series, it would have been a highly
reactive metal. Further, it would be difficult to store it because highly reactive
metals react vigorously with air, water and acids. Such a reactive metal cannot be
used for preparing cooking vessels, electrical wires or all other applications, where
copper is generally used.

4.If you are an engineer constructing a multi-storey building. Which alloy would
you be extensively using and why?

ANSWER:The alloy that is used extensively during the construction of buildings is

steel, which is an alloy of iron and carbon. Steel is very strong and its usage makes
the building strong and sturdy.

COAL AND PETROLEUM

1.If a resource can be replaced within ten years by natural processes, would you
classify it as renewable or non-renewable?

ANSWER:If a resource can be replaced within ten years by natural processes, it

can be classified as renewable. Renewable resource is a resource that can renew
itself.

2.All renewable resources are inexhaustible. Do you agree? Give reasons.

Ans-All renewable resources are inexhaustible,last forever with limited use.But
most renewable resources become exhaustible if we use them faster than they
are renewed or replaced by nature.

3.All combustible substances are not fuels. Why?

Ans-All the combustible substances are not fuels because many of them produce
less amount of heat for a particular amount of energy input on burning and leave
behind high ash content; for example, paper, cloth, etc.

4.Can fossil fuels be made in the laboratory?

Ans-Fossil fuels can’t be prepared in our laboratory because it took millions of
years for dead bodies of plants and animals to get converted into fossil fuels.
5.In a petroleum well, crude oil is found above water. Which two properties of
petroleum make it possible to form a layer of it above water?
ANSWER:Following two properties of petroleum make it possible to form a layer
of it above water
Petroleum is immiscible with water, i.e., it cannot be mixed with water.

Petroleum oil is lighter than water, it forms a layer above water.

CELL
1.In general, cell sizes are not related to the size of an organism. However, will
there be a difference in the length of the nerve cells in a rat and a giraffe?

ANSWER:It is not necessary that nerve cells, which are the longest cells in the
body of a multicellular organism, have difference in the length in a rat and a
giraffe.

2.White blood cells (WBC) can squeeze through walls of blood vessels and get into
intercellular spaces to fight against germs. Which property of WBCs allows them
to do this?

ANSWER:White blood cells like Amoeba can change their shape. This property
allows them to squeeze through the walls of blood vessels and get into
intercellular spaces to fight against germs.

3.Why do plant cells need a cell wall, and animal cells do not?

ANSWER:Plant cells, unlike animals, do not have skeleton to support them.

Therefore, they need a cell wall, which provides support and protection to them.

4.Why do you think parents and doctors get very worried if a child gets a head or
spinal injury?
ANSWER:Spinal injury results in destruction of nerve cells. Since, nerve cells
cannot be replaced if they are once destroyed, doctors and parents get worried if
a child gets a head or spinal injury.
5.Living things are made up of cells while non-living things are made up of atoms
and molecules. Do you agree? Give reasons.

ANSWER:Yes, I agree with the statement. Non-living things cannot reproduce on

their own, and cannot move because they are made up of atoms and molecules.
Living things reproduce and move because they are made up of cells, which are
the basis of life.

FORCE AND PRESSURE

1.If a body is moving with uniform speed in a particular direction on a perfectly

smooth surface, then no force is acting on it. True or false? Explain.
Ans-False.If no external force is applied on the body, then there must be two
equal and opposite forces acting on the body. Both these forces add up to zero.

2.If you use a stick to push an object, the muscular force acting on the object is a
non-contact force since your body is not in contact with the object. True or false?
Explain.
ANSWER:False.Contact force is the force in which a direct contact is required
between two bodies. The contact may also be with the help of a stick or a piece of
rope

3.Why do you think it is necessary to define a separate quantity called pressure?

Why is defining only force not enough?
Ans-It is necessary to define pressure as a separate quantity in order to evaluate
the force acting on a surface. To measure and describe the effect of a force acting
on a surface, we need both the amount of force applied and the area over which
it is applied. So, only force is not enough for this purpose.

4.If you press a rubber sucker on a rough surface, it does not stick to the surface.
Why?
ANSWER:If we press a rubber sucker on a rough surface, it will not stick to the
surface because an airtight seal cannot be achieved between the surfaces. It is so
because air rushes into the space between the rubber sucker and the rough
surface.

REFRACTION

1.Can a glass slab bend different coloured lights by different amounts?

ANSWER:No, a glass slab cannot bend different coloured lights by different angles.
This is because the two opposite sides of the glass slab are parallel.

2.You have seen that a prism splits up light into different colours as it bends
different colour lights by different amounts. Why does a glass slab not cause
dispersion? (HINT: Observe the path of light in a glass slab−especially what
happens to it when it emerges from the slab.)

ANSWER:Both faces of a glass slab are parallel. So, when a ray of light falls on one
end of the slab, it is laterally displaced; however, all the deviated incident rays
meet together to form the white light again while emerging out of the glass slab.

3.What type of image is formed when rays of light coming from a point on the
object diverge after reflection or refraction−real or virtual?

ANSWER:A virtual image is formed when rays of light coming from a point on an
object diverge after reflection or refraction. This is because the refracted or
reflected rays will never meet each other.

4.Will a spectrum be formed if blue light falls on a prism? Give reasons.

ANSWER: No, a spectrum will not be formed if blue light falls on a prism. This is
because unlike white light, blue light is made up of a single colour; therefore, it will
not further break into more colours after bending.
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