PLUS TWO CHEMISTRY

Association of Chemistry Teachers

Thrissur District
PLUS TWO CHEMISTRY
QUICK REVISION
Easy Questions

Edited by
Academic Wing
Association of Chemistry Teachers | Thrissur

2024 February

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ACT | Thrissur
 Contents
Unit 1: Solutions______________________________4

Unit 2: Electrochemistry________________________6

Unit 3: Chemical Kinetics ______________________8

Unit 4 : d and f block Elements__________________10

Unit 5: Coordination Compounds_________________11

Unit 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes_______________13

Unit 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers______________15

Unit 8: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic acids ____17

Unit 9: Amines_______________________________19

Unit 10: Biomolecules_________________________20

 Unit 1: Solutions boiling point for a one molal solution is called
Part A Ans: Boiling Point Elevation Constant or Molal
1. Solutions containing only two components Elevation Constant or Ebullioscopic Constant
are called _______ solutions. 17. The depression of freezing point of a solution is
Ans: Binary directly proportional to its __________.
2. —————is defined as the mass of the Ans: molality
component present in 100 parts of the solution. 18. The constant representing the depression
Ans: Mass percentage of freezing point for a 1 molal solution is called
3. —————- is defined as the number of moles Ans: Freezing Point Depression Constant or
of solute dissolved in one litre of solution. Molal Depression Constant or Cryoscopic
Ans: Molarity Constant
4. —————- is defined as the number of moles 19. The process of flow of solvent molecules
of solute present per kilogram of solvent. from pure solvent to the solution through a
Ans: Molality semi-permeable membrane is called ————
5. The concentration of pollutants in water or Ans: Osmosis
atmosphere is expressed in terms of _______ 20. —————— is defined as the excess pressure
Ans: ppm that must be applied on the solution side to stop
6. The concentration term which is depend upon osmosis.
temperature is .......... Ans: Osmotic pressure
Ans: Molarity or Normality 21. The solutions having the same osmotic pressure
7. A mixture of phenol and aniline shows at a given temperature are called __________
negative deviation. Why? solutions.
Ans: It is due to the formation of H-bond Ans: isotonic
8. —————-law states that the solubility of 22. A solution having higher osmotic pressure than
a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the another is called a __________ solution.
pressure of the gas Ans: hypertonic
Ans: Henry’s law 23. A solution having lower osmotic pressure than
9. Solubility of gases in liquids increases with another is called a __________ solution.
_______ of pressure. Ans: hypotonic
Ans: Increase 24. —————- is used in the desalination of sea
10. Solubility of gases in liquids ————- with water.
rise in temperature Ans: Reverse osmosis
Ans: decreases 25. Molar masses which are either higher or lower
11. Raoult’s Law states that the partial vapor than the normal value are called——————-
pressure of each component in a solution is Ans: Abnormal molar masses
directly proportional to its __________. 26. The factor introduced to correct abnormal
Ans: mole fraction molar masses is called ________
12. Solutions that do not obey Raoult’s Law Ans: van’t Hoff factor
over the entire range of concentration are called 27. In the case of association, the value of van’t
__________ solutions. Hoff factor (i) is _________
Ans: non-ideal solutions Ans: ( i < 1 )
13. Liquid mixtures which distill without change in 28. In the case of dissociation, the value of van’t
composition are called——————- Hoff factor (i) is __________
Ans: azeotropes Ans: ( i >1 )
14. The solutions showing ———— deviation 29. For NaCl, the van’t Hoff factor (i) is
from Raoult’s Law form maximum boiling Ans: 2
azeotropes at specific compositions. 30. What is the principle behind the addition of
Ans: negative common salt while boiling raw eggs?
15. The relative lowering of vapour pressure of Ans: Elevation in boiling point
a solution containing a non-volatile solute is 31. What is the principle behind the addition
equal to the __________ of the solute of common salt to de-icing agent in cold
Ans: mole fraction countries?
16. The constant representing the elevation in Ans: Depression in freezing point

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32. A mixture of chloroform and acetone shows 8. What are ideal solutions?
negative deviation. Why? Ans: Solutions which obey Raoult’s law over the
Ans: It is due to the formation of H-bond entire range of concentration.
Part B PA=PAocA
1. Define molarity. ∆V mixing = 0 & ∆H mixing = 0
Ans:It is the number of moles of solute present 9. What are non-ideal solutions?
in one litre of the solution Ans: Solutions which do not obey Raoult’s law
at all temperatures and concentrations.
∆V mixing ≠ 0 & ∆H mixing≠ 0
2. Define molality. 10. What are the different types of non ideal
Ans:It is the number of moles of solute present solution? Give two examples for each.
in one kilogram of the solvent. Ans: (i) Non ideal solutions having positive
deviation (Ethanol and acetone , Acetone and
carbon disulphide, Ethanol and water etc.)
3. Define mole fraction. (ii) Non ideal solutions having negative
Ans:Mole fraction is the ratio of the number of deviation(Chloroform and acetone , Water and
moles of one component to the total number of nitric acid, Phenol and aniline etc. )
moles of the solution. 11. What are azeotropes or azeotropic mixtures?
Ans:Liquid mixtures which distill without
change in composition are called azeotropes.
12. Which are the two types of azeotropes?
Ans:i) Maximum boiling azeotropes (formed by
non ideal solution showing negative deviation.)
4. State Henry’s law ii) Minimum boiling azeotropes(formed by non
Ans:The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly ideal solutions showing positive deviation.)
proportional to the pressure of the gas. 13. What are colligative properties?
P = KHc Ans:Properties that depend only on the number
5. Write any two applications of Henry’s law. of solute particles present in solution.
Ans: i) To increase the solubility of carbon 14. Which are the four important colligative
dioxide in soda water and soft drinks properties?
ii) To avoid bends in scuba divers Ans:(a) Relative lowering of vapour pressure
6. Fish and other aquatic species are more (b) Elevation of boiling point (c) Depression of
comfortable in cold water than in warm water. freezing point (d) Osmotic pressure.
Why? 15. Define osmosis.
Ans: In cold water dissolved oxygen is high. Ans:The spontaneous flow of solvent from pure
When temperature increases, solubility of solvent to the solution through a semipermeable
oxygen in water decreases. membrane.
7. State Raoult’s law. Give its equations. 16. What happens to the colligative properties
Ans: The partial vapour pressure of each when ethanoic acid is treated with benzene?
component at a given temperature is directly Ans: Ethanoic acid dimerises in benzene due
proportional to its mole fraction. to hydrogen bonding. Then number of
particles decreases and hence colligative

Ideal Solution Non-Ideal Solution with Positive Deviation Non-Ideal Solution with Negative Deviation
0 0
PB PB PB

0 0 0
PA PA PA
vapour pressure

vapour pressure

vapour pressure

xA=1 mole fraction xA=0 xA=1 mole fraction xA=0 xA=1 mole fraction xA=0
xB=0 xB=1 xB=0 xB=1 xB=0 xB=1

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 properties decreases. Ans: Due to dissociation, number of particles
17. What is reverse osmosis . Give any one of its increases and colligative property increases.
application. With increase in colligative property, molecular
Ans:The direction of osmosis is reversed if mass decreases.
a pressure higher than the osmotic pressure 25. What is osmotic pressure and give its equations.
is applied to the solution side. It is used in the Ans:Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure
desalination of seawater. to be applied on the solution side to prevent
18. Write the equations to calculate molecular osmosis. C is the concentration
mass of solute(MB) using colligative properties.
R is the universal gas
constant.
R = 8.314 J/mol/K
R = 0.0821 Latm/mol/K
R = 0.083 Lbar/mol/K

26. Solutions and van’t Hoff factor

NaCl or Dissociated into two ions i=2
KCl
CaCl2 Dissociated into three ions i=3
Al2(SO4)3 Dissociated into five ions i=3
Ethanoic acid Associated into one i=0.5
in benzene molecule
19. For intravenous injections,only solutions with
osmotic pressure equal to that of 0.9% NaCl
solution is used ,Why? Unit 2: Electrochemistry
Ans:This is because blood is isotonic with 0.9%
NaCl solution. Part A
20. What are Abnormal molar masses? 1. The charge of one mole of electrons is ……..
Ans:Molar masses which are either higher Ans: 96500C or 1F
or lower than the normal value are called 2. Name the anode and cathode used in Daniel cell
abnormal molar masses. It is due to association Ans: Anode-Zinc, cathode -Copper
or dissociation of solute particles. 3. The Galvanic cells which are used to convert
21. What is Van’t Hoff factor ? the energy of combustion of fuel into electrical
Ans: It is the correction factor for abnormal energy are generally called as ……
mass. Ans:Fuel cell
4. The law used to determine the limiting molar
conductivity of weak electrolyte is …….
Ans: Kohlrausch’s law
5. What is rust chemically
Ans:Hydrated ferric oxide or Fe2O3.xH2O
22. The value of van’t Hoff factor (i) for aqueous 6. Give an example for primary cell
KCl solution is close to 2, while that for Ans:Dry cell or Mercury cell
ethanoic acid in benzene is 0.5. Why? 7. The electrolyte used in Lead Storage battery
Ans:This is because dissociation occurs in the Ans: 38% sulphuric acid
case of KCl and association occurs in the case 8. Give an example for secondary cell
of acetic acid. Ans :Lead storage cell, Nickel cadmium cell
23. Write down modified equations of colligative 9. The reciprocal of resistance is called……
property using van’t Hoff factor Ans: Conductance
10. The cell potential of Mercury cell is nearly…..
Ans:1.35V
11. The SI unit of Resistivity is……
24. Molecular mass of NaCl determined by osmotic Ans: Ohm metre
pressure measurement is found to be half of the 12. The molar conductivity at infinite dilution is
actual value. Account for it? called….

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 Ans: Limiting molar conductivity conductivity of a strong electrolyte
13. The cell potential of a dry cell is…… Ans: It is obtained by the extrapolation of the
Ans:1.5V graph plotted /\m against √c
14. The primary cell used in hearing aids is…… 35. Overall reaction in H2 - O2 fuel cell is…
Ans: Mercury cell Ans: 2H2+O2 → 2H2O
15. The SI unit of conductance is….. 36. The coating of zinc over iron to prevent rusting
Ans: Siemens is known as …..
16. The cell used for providing electrical power in Ans: Galvanization.
the Apollo space program is….. 37. An example of a fuel cell other than a
Ans: Fuel cell hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is
17. Give the relationship between Gibbs energy and Ans: Propane - oxygen fuel cell or Butane -
electrode potential oxygen fuel cell
Ans: ∆G = -nFE 38. Electrode potential of standard hydrogen
18. The difference between the electrode potential electrode(SHE) is
of the cathode and anode is called….. Ans: zero
Ans: Cell potential 39. The increase in molar conductivity of strong
19. The cell potential of Daniel cell is…. electrolytes with dilution is represented by the
Ans:1.1V equation .......
20. The cell which is used in clock is….. Ans: Debye-Huckel Onsagar equation
Ans: Dry cell
21. Name the metal which is the most powerful 40. What is the use of SHE?
reducing agent in aqueous solution Ans: It is used to find out standard electrode
Ans:Lithium potentials of different electrodes.
22. Name the element which is the most powerful 41. Write the representation of Daniell cell
oxidising agent Ans: Zn|Zn2+||Cu2+|Cu
Ans: Fluorine 42. Write the representation of SHE
23. For strong and weak electrolytes what happens Ans: When acts as anode
to molar conductivity on dilution H2 → 2H+ + 2e-
Ans: lncreases Pt|H2(1bar)|H+(1M)||M+|M
25. What are the products of electrolysis of When acts as cathode
molten NaCl 2H+ + 2e- → H2
Ans: Cathode - sodium, Anode - chlorine gas M+|M|| H+(1M)|H2(1bar)|Pt
26. What are the products of electrolysis of 43. Write the equation for electrode potential of cell
aqueous NaCl Ans: Eocell=Eocathode –Eoanode
Ans: Cathode - H2 gas, Anode - Cl2 gas
27. Name the anode and cathode in Lead storage
cell Part B
Ans: Anode - Lead, Cathode - PbO2 1 What is Galvanic cell?
28. Name the cell used in automobiles and invertors Ans: It is a device which convert chemical
Ans: Lead storage cell energy of a redox reaction into electrical energy
29. Write one example for corrosion 2. Write the cell reactions in Daniel cell
Ans: Rusting of iron Ans: Anode: Zn → Zn2+ + 2e-
30. Suggest one method to prevent corrosion Cathode: Cu2+ + 2e- →Cu
Ans: Painting, galvanisation 3. Define electrode potential.
31. What is the chemistry of corrosion Ans: It is the potential difference develops
Ans: electrochemical process between the electrode and electrolyte
32. Give an example for fuel cell 4. Write the Nernst equation for Daniel cell
Ans: H2-O2 Fuel cell Ans:
33. Write the equation relating conductivity and
molar conductivity
Ans: 5. Write any two applications of electrochemical
series
34. How can we find out the limiting molar Ans: (i) Reactivity can be predicted

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 (ii) Anode,Cathode can be predicted gram of aluminium by electrolysis
6. Write the relationship between electrode Ans: 3F
potential and equilibrium constant 21. Difference between primary and secondary cell
Ans: Primary cell Secondary cell
Recharging is not Recharging is possible
7. Define conductivity possible
Ans: It is the conductance offered by 1 cm3 of
e.g.Dry cell in torch e.g. lead-storage battery
solution
lights, mercury cell in in vehicles, Li-ion
8. What are the factors which depend on the
watches, Laclanche cell battery in mobile phones
resistance of an object
22. Write the anode and cathode in dry cell
Ans: Length and area of cross section
Ans: Anode is zinc container and cathode is
9. Write the classification of material on the basis
carbon rod surrounded by manganese dioxide.
of conductivity.
23. Define fuel cell.
Ans: Conductor, Insulator and Semiconductor
It is a Galvanic cell that are used to convert
10. Define electronic conductance
the energy of combustion of fuels directly into
Ans: It is the conductance due to the movement
electrical energy
of electrons.
24. What are the merits of fuel cell.
11. Write any two factors on which electronic
Ans: Highly efficient and pollution free.
conductors depend.
25. Define corrosion
Ans: Nature of metal and temperature
Ans: It is the destruction of metal due
12. Define ionic conductance or electrolytic
to unwanted chemical reaction with its
conductance.
environment.
Ans: It is the conductance offered by the ions in
26. What is the meaning of galvanizing?
solution
Ans: Galvanizing is the method of applying
13. Write any two factors which depend on ionic
a protective zinc coating to steel or iron to
conductance.
prevent rust and corrosion.
Ans: Concentration and temperature
27. Find out L°m of CH3COOH from the m
14. Define limiting molar conductivity
values of L°mCH3COONa, L°mNaCl and
Ans: It is the conductivity when the
L°mHCl
concentration approaches to zero.
Ans: L°mCH3COOH = L°CH3COONa +
15. Explain the variation of conductivity and molar
L°HCl - L°NaCl
conductivity with respect to dilution
28. Explain what happens to the molar conductivity
Ans: Conductivity decreases and molar
of strong and weak electrolytes on dilution.
conductivity increases on dilution.
Ans: Molar conductivity of strong and weak
16. State Kohlrausch law
electrolyte increases with dilution. For strong
Ans: The limiting molar conductivity of
electrolytes ionic mobility increases
an electrolyte is the sum of the limiting molar
with dilution. For weak electrolytes degree of
conductivity of anion and cation.
dissociation increases with dilution.
Graphical representation of
17. Which law helps to determine limiting molar variation of molar conductivity
with concentration
conductivity of a weak electrolyte. K0m

for

Ans: Kohlrausch law

stro
ng
ele
ctro
lyte
s

18. State Faraday’s first law of electrolysis. Km

Ans: The amount of substance deposited for weak elec

trolytes

or liberated at an electrode is directly

proportional to the quantity of current passed
through it. Unit 3: Chemical Kinetics
19. State Faraday’s second law of electrolysis Part A
Ans: The amount of different substance 1. General Formula for determining the unit of
liberated by the same quantity of electricity rate costant
are proportional to the their chemical Ans: mol1-nLn-1s-1
equivalent weights. 2. Unit of rate constant for a first order reaction
20. Quantity of electricity required to deposit 27 Ans: s-1
3. Rate= K [A] [B]½.The order of the reaction
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 Ans: 1.5 molecules can be converted to products.
4. Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate in presence of dilute
acid/ Inversion of cane sugar in acid medium Reaction
path without
is an example of for-----order reaction. catalyst

Potential Energy
Ans: Pseudo first order Reaction
path with
Ea
with
Ea
without
catalyst
5. Decomposition of ammonia on metal surfaces catalyst catalyst
Reacatants
is an example for zero order reaction. Give Products
another example for zero order reaction. Reaction coordinate
Ans: Thermal decomposition of HI on gold
surface 3. Write differences between order and
6. Write integrated rate equations for Zero order molecularity
reaction. Ans:
Ans: Order Molecularity
Sum of the powers of Total number of reactant
7. Write integrated rate equations for First order concentrations of reactants in molecules that collide
the rate law simultaneously in an elementary
reaction. reaction
Ans: It is an experimental quantity It is a theoretical quantity
It can be zero, fraction or It can have only positive integral
8. Simple reactions which take place in one step positive and negative values values
are called ---------
Ans : Elementary reactions 4. Derive the equation for half life period of Zero
9. Chemical reactions take place through a order reaction.
sequence of two or more steps are called--------- Ans:
Ans: Complex reactions
10. The excess of energy which must be supplied
to the reactant molecules to undergo chemical
reaction is called- -------
Ans: Activation energy
11. In a reaction rate and rate constant have
the same units.Identify the order of the reaction. 5. Derive the equation for half life period of First
Ans: Zero order reaction
12. Conversion of molecules X to Y follows second Ans:
order kinetics.If concentration of X is increased
to 3 times,rate of the reaction increases by------
times.
Ans : 9. r = k[3X]2
13. The order of reaction of all natural and artificial
radioactive decay
Ans: First order
14. What is the molecularity of 2NO + O2 → 2NO2 6. Write Arrhenius equation
Ans: 3 Ans:

Part B 7. What are Pseudo order reactions?

1. Express the rate of the following reaction in
terms of reactants and products
2HI → H2 + I2
Ans:
2. Explain with the help of a graph, the effect of
catalyst on reaction rate.
Ans: A catalyst provide an alternate reaction
path with lower activation energy. As the
activation energy is lowered more number of
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Ans: A reaction which is expected to be higher
order but actually follows a lower order
kinetics.
8. A reaction is first order in A and second order
in B.Write the differential rate equation for the
reaction
Ans: r = k [A] [B]2
9. What is meant by the half life period of a
reaction.
Ans: Half life period of a reaction is defined
as the time taken for half of the reaction to be
 completed. 16. Name two Lanthanides exhibiting +2 oxidation
10. Give example for (a)first order reaction (b) state
second order reaction and (c ) fractional order Ans: Europium, Ytterbium
reaction 17. Name one Lanthanide exhibiting +4 oxidation
Ans: (a)Decomposition of nitrogen pentoxide state
(b)Saponification of ethyl acetate Ans: Cerium
(c ) Reaction of chloroform with chlorine 18. General outermost electronic configuration of f
11. If k1 and k2 are rate constants of a reaction block elements
at two different temperaturesT1 and T2 Ans: (n-2)f 1- 14(n-1)d 1- 2 ns 2
respectively.How are they related 19. Transition elements forms alloys easily ,
Ans: because they have———-
Ans: Nearly same atomic size
20. Which is called as blue vitriol?
Unit 4 : d and f block Elements Ans: CuSO4.5H2O
Part A 21. Actinioid contraction is greater than lanthanoid
1. General outermost electronic configuration of d contraction. Why?
block elements Ans: It is due to the poor shielding effect of
Ans: (n-1)d 1- 10 ns 1-2 5f electrons
2. Name one 3d series element,that do not show Part B
variable oxidation state. 1. What are Transition elements?
Ans: Scandium(+3) Ans: Elements having incompletely filled
3. The colour of the compounds of d block d orbitals in the ground state or in any
elements is due to —- one of the stable oxidation states.
Ans: d- d transition 2. Zinc, Cadmium ,Mercury are not often
4. The ore of Potassium permanganate regarded as transition elements.
Ans: Pyrolusite, MnO2 Ans:They have completely filled d
5. The ore of potassium dichromate orbitals in the ground state and in their
Ans: Chromite ore, FeCr2O4 stable + 2 oxidation state.
6. Sodium dichromate cannot be prepared using 3. Why d block elements have high
the method of preparation of potassium enthalpy of atomisation ?
dichromate.Why? Ans: Strong metallic bonding due to
Ans: Sodium dichromate is soluble large number of unpaired electrons
7. What happens when dichromate ion is 4. Properties of d block elements
dissolved in alkali? Ans: Form coloured ions, good catalysts,
Ans:Forms yellow coloured chromate ion exhibit variable oxidation states.
8. Which metals are present in brass? 5. Zinc cannot form coloured
Ans:Copper and Zinc compounds,Why?
9. What are the two metals present in bronze? Ans: Zn and Zn2+ have 3d10
Ans: Copper and Tin configuration. So there is no d-d
10. The steady decrease in the atomic size from transition is possible
lanthanum to lutetium is called —— 6. Transition elements exhibit variable
Ans: Lanthanoid contraction oxidation states. Why?
11. The most stable oxidation state of lanthanides Ans:The energy difference between ns
Ans: +3 orbitals and (n–1)d orbitals is very
12. Zirconium and Hafnium have same atomic size small.
due to —- 7. Transition elements are good catalysts. Why?
Ans: Lanthanoid contraction Ans: They can exhibit variable oxidation
13. A pyrophoric alloy of lanthanides States and can form complexes
Ans: Misch metal 8. Transition metal form complexes. Why?
14. Colour of lanthanides and actinides is due to Ans: High charge density and
Ans: f- f transition availability of vacant d orbitals
15. Spin only formula for magnetic moment 9. Give some examples for showing
Ans: the oxidising reactions of potassium

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 dichromate and potassium permanganate is electrolytically oxidised to potassium
Ans: i) Fe2+ to Fe3+ permanganate.
ii) Sn2+ to Sn4+ 21. Structure of chromate and dichromate ions
10. What is misch metal? 2- 2-
Ans: An alloy contains lanthanide metal O O O O

~ 95%, iron ~ 5% and traces of S, C, Ca O

Cr O Cr Cr O
O O O O
and Al
11. What are the uses of misch metal Chromate Dichromate
(Yellow) (Orange)
Ans:For making bullets and shells
22. Sc2+ or Ti4+ compounds are colourless. Why?
12. Mention some uses of d block elements
compounds,Why?
Ans:For making coins, paints and as
Ans: There is no of d-d transition
catalysts
13. Mention some uses of f block elements 23. Cr2+ and Mn3+ have d4 configuration. But Cr2+
Ans: For making alloys and as a fuel in is reducing and Mn3+ is oxidising. Why?
nuclear reactors. Ans: This is due to the extra stability of Cr3+
13. What are the uses of potassium and Mn2+ ions. When Cr2+ loses one electron,
permanganate its configuration becomes d3, which is equal
Ans: As laboratory reagent and as a to the stable half filled t2g3 configuration. So
disinfectant Cr2+ readily loses electron and acts as a
14. What are the three main coinage metals? reducing agent.
Ans: Copper,Silver and Gold When Mn3+ gains one electron, it attains the
15. Calculate the magnetic moment stable half filled d5 configuration. So Mn3+ acts
of Mn 2+ ion as an oxidising agent.
Ans: 23. Structure of permanganate and manganate ions
16. What is lanthanoid contraction?
Ans:The steady decrease in the atomic
size with increase in atomic number from
lanthanum to leutetium
17. What are the consequences of lanthanoid
contraction ?
Ans: i)Separation of lanthanides become
difficult. ii)4d and 5d series have
Unit 5: Coordination Compounds
Part A
comparable atomic size. iii)The basic
1. Primary valency of central metal ion
character of their hydroxides decreases
corresponds to its —————-
from lanthanum to lutetium
Ans: oxidation state
18. What is the reason behind lanthanoid
2. Secondary valency of central metal ion
contraction?
corresponds to its —————
Ans: Poor shielding effect of the 4f
Ans: co-ordination number
orbitals.
3. How many ions are produced by the complex
19. How will you prepare potassium
[Co(NH3)6]Cl3 in solution
dichromate?
Ans: 4
Ans:i) Chromite ore + Sodium carbonate
4. Monodentate ligands that have two donor atoms
+ air →Sodium chromate
are called;
ii)Sodium chromate + Sulphuric acid →
Ans: ambidentate ligands
Sodium dichromate
5. Two ambidentate ligands
iii)Sodium dichromate + Potassium
Ans: NO2- , ONO- and SCN -, NCS-
chloride → Potassium dichromate
6. Give an example for polydentate ligand
20. How will you prepare potassium
Ans: EDTA4-
permanganate?
7. Denticity of EDTA4-
Ans: Pyrolusite ore, MnO2 is
Ans: Six
fused with KOH to form potassium
8. Full form of EDTA4-
manganate,K2MnO4. Then K2MnO4
Ans:Ethylene diamine tetraacetate
P l u s Tw o Q u i c k R e v i s i o n | E a s y Q u e s t i o n s | A s s o c i a t i o n o f C h e m i s t r y Te a c h e r s | T h r i s s u r 11
9. Give examples for bidentate ligands Ans: Wilkinson catalyst
Ans: ethylene diamine, oxalate ion 31. Coordination polyhedron of the complex
10. Complexes in which a metal is bound to only [Co(NH3)6]Cl3
one kind of ligands are known as———- Ans: Octahedral
Ans: homoleptic complex 32. What is the coordination number of
11. Which type of isomerism is shown by the [Co(en)3]2+
following complexes Ans: 6 (ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand)
[Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 and [CO(NH3)5SO4]Br 33. What is the coordination number of
Ans: Ionisation isomerism [Fe(C2O4)3]3-
14. The isomerism exhibited by Ans: 6 (C2O42- is a bidentate ligand)
[Co( NH3)5(NO2)]Cl2 34. Name the isomerism exhibited by the pair of
Ans: Linkage isomerism following complexes
15. The formula of cisplatin is [Co(H2O)5Cl]Cl2 and [Co(H2O)4Cl2]Cl.H2O
Ans: [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] Ans: Hydrate(solvate) isomerism
16. Give an example of a coordination compound
used to inhibit the growth of tumours Part B
Ans: cisplatin 1. Difference between a coordination compound
17. The coordination isomer of [Co(NH3)6 ][CrCl6] and double salt.
Ans: [Cr(NH3)6][CoCl6] Ans: Double salts completely ionise in solution.
18. The type of isomerism exhibited by the coordination compounds does not.
complex[ CO(NH3)3Cl3 ] 2. Any two examples for bidentate ligands
Ans: fac–mer isomerism Ans: Ethylene diamine, oxalate ion.
19. Which theory considers the bonding between 3. What are chelating ligands?
metal ion and ligand to be purely electrostatic Ans: Ligands which can form ring structure.
in nature eg: Ethylene diamine, oxalate ion.
Ans: Crystal field theory 4. What are homoleptic complexes?, give an
20. What is the relationship between octahedral and example.
tetrahedral splitting ? Ans: Those containing only one type of ligands.
Ans: ∆t = -(4/9)∆o eg. [Co(NH3)6]3+
21. The oxidation state of Nickel in metal carbonyls 5. What are heteroleptic complexes,give one
Ans: Zero example.
22. The list of ligands arranged in the increasing Ans: Those containing more than one type of
order of their field strength ‘ ligands. eg.[Co(NH3)4Cl2]
Ans: spectrochemical series 6. Name any four types of structural isomerism
23. The central metal ion present in haemoglobin shown by coordination compounds.
Ans: Iron Ans: Ionisation isomerism, hydrate
24. The central metal ion present in chlorophyll isomerism,linkage isomerism, coordination
Ans: Magnesium isomerism.
25. The central metal ion present in vitamin B12 7. Give any two postulates of Werners theory of
Ans: Cobalt coordination compounds.
26. Name a suitable ligand used for the estimation Ans: i) Metal atoms have two types of valencies
of the hardness of water , called primary valency and secondary valency.
Ans: EDTA ii)Primary valency is ionisable and secondary
27. Name a suitable ligand used to remove lead valencies are non ionisable.
poisoning 8. What are inner orbital complexes?
Ans: EDTA Ans: Complexes which use their inner d
28. Name a suitable Ligand used to remove Iron orbitals for hybridization are called inner
Poisoning orbital complexes.( d2sp3 )
Ans: desferrioxamine B 9. What are outer orbital complexes?
29. What is hypo solution? Ans: Complexes which use their outer d
Ans: Sodium thio Sulphate(Na2S203 ) orbitals for hybridization are called outer
30. The catalyst used for the hydrogenation of orbital complexes.(sp3d2)
alkene 10. What are low spin complexes and high spin

12 P l u s Tw o Q u i c k R e v i s i o n | E a s y Q u e s t i o n s | A s s o c i a t i o n o f C h e m i s t r y Te a c h e r s | T h r i s s u r
 complexes? 21. Crystal field splitting in octahedral complex
Ans: Inner orbital complexes are called low
spin complexes and outer orbital complexes are eg
called high spin complexes. 3/5 ∆o
11. Any two limitations of VBT.

Energy
Ans: It doesn’t explain the colour of d orbitals
of free ion
Average energy
of the orbitals in
2/5 ∆o
t2g
coordination compounds. It doesn’t explain the spherical crystal field
splitting of d orbitals

stability of coordination compounds.

12. What are the factors which affect the magnitude
of CFSE.
Ans: Oxidation state of the metal ion, Nature of
the ligand and Geometry of the complex.
13. What is a spectrochemical series?
Ans: Arrangement of ligands according to the
magnitude of CFSE.
14. Most of the coordination compounds are
coloured. Why.
Ans: Due to the d- d transition
15. What are metal carbonyls?
Ans: Organometallic compounds in which CO
acts as ligands.
16. Explain the bonding in metal carbonyls.
Ans: Metal carbon bonds have both Sigma and
pi character, along with the phenomenon of
back bonding..
17. What are the factors which depend on the
stability of coordination compounds?
Ans: i)Charge on the central metal ion.(as
charge increases stability increases)
ii)Presence of chelating ligands.
18. What are weak field ligands and strong field
ligands.
Ans: Ligands which produce large crystal field
splitting are strong field ligands and those
produce small crystal field splitting are called
weak field ligands.
19. Write name of isomerism exhibited by the
complex [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] and draw the isomers
Ans: Geometrical isomerism
(cis- trans isomerism )
20. Draw geometrical isomerism in [Pt(en)2Cl2]
Which geometrical isomer show Optical
Isomerism?
Ans.Cis isomer has no plane of symmetry so it
shows optical isomerism.
cis trans
P l u s Tw o Q u i c k R e v i s i o n | E a s y Q u e s t i o n s
22. Crystal field splitting in tetrahedral complex
23. What are the applications or uses of
coordination compounds.
Ans. In analytical chemistry (in qualitative and
quantitative analysis), In biological systems.
(Chlorophyll, vitamine B12), In extraction
of metals, In medicine, As catalysts, In
photography.
24. Important complexes and properties.
[Co(NH3)6]3+ d2sp3, octahedral, diamagnetic, inner
orbital complex and low spin
[CoF6] 3-
sp3d2, octahedral, paramagnetic,
outer orbital complex and high spin
[NiCl4]2- sp3, tetrahedral, paramagnetic, outer
orbital complex and high spin
[Ni(CO)4] sp3, tetrahedral, diamagnetic, outer
orbital complex and low spin
[Ni(CN)4] 2-
dsp2, square planar, diamagnetic,
inner orbital complex and low spin
Unit 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Part A
1. The name of the product obtained by the
diazotisation of aniline
Ans: Benzene Diazonium chloride
2. The best method to prepare alkyl halide from
alcohol is by treating it with......
Ans: Thionyl chloride (SOCl2)
3. Complete the reaction
Ans: CH3CH2l (Finkelstein reaction)
4. What is the product obtained from the reaction
of alkyl halide and KCN?
Ans: Alkyl Cyanide or Nitrile.
5. What is the product obtained from the reaction
of alkyl halide and AgCN?
| A s s o c i a t i o n o f C h e m i s t r y Te a c h e r s | T h r i s s u r 13
 Ans:Alkyl Isocyanide or Isonitrile 21. Name the poisonous gas formed by the
6. Name the stereo isomers related to each other oxidation of chloroform by air in the presence
as non superimposable mirror images . of sunlight .
Ans:Enantiomers Ans: Phosgene, COCl2
7. Name a mixture of two enantiomers in equal 22. A chlorine containing antibiotic which is
proportion with zero optical rotation effective for typhoid fever
Ans:Racemic mixture Ans: Chloramphenicol
8. In which nucleophilic substitution reaction
mechanism is racemisation possible? Part B
Ans: SN1 1. Thionyl chloride is most preferred for the
9. The reaction between aryl halide and alkyl preparation of alkyl halides from alcohols.
halide in the presence of sodium and dry ether Why?
is called ......... Ans: The products other than alkyl halides are
Ans: Wurtz-Fittig Reaction escapable gases.
Cl CH3 CH3OH + SOCl2 → CH3Cl +SO2(g)+HCl(g)
Na/Ether 2. What are the products formed when HBr is
+ CH3 Cl
added to propene?
Ans: 2-bromopropane & 1- bromopropane.
10. The organic compound formed when CH3-CH=CH2 +HBr →CH3-CHBr-CH3(major)
bromoethane treated with sodium in dry ether is + CH3-CH2-CH2Br (minor)
Ans: Butane 3. Nucleophilic substitution is not easy in aryl
halides. Give two reasons.
11. Name of the reaction which is used for the Ans: Partial double bond character of C-Cl
conversion of halo benzene to Diphenyl bond & Instability of phenyl cation.
Ans:Fittig Reaction 4. Give the uses of freons and DDT
Ans: Freons are used for refrigeration and DDT
is used as insecticide.
5. What are ambident nucleophiles?
12. The specific reagent used for Ans: Groups which possess two nucleophilic
dehydrohalogenation is ____ centers.
Ans: Alcoholic KOH 6. p-dichlorobenzene has higher m.p than ortho
13. The name of the rule used in and meta isomers. Why?
dehydrohalogenation reaction. Ans: Due to symmetry of para isomer, it fits
Ans: Saytzeff Rule into crystal lattice better than ortho and meta
14. Give an example of an organometallic isomer .
compound 7. What is Swarts reaction?
Ans: Grignard Reagent Ans: Preparation of alkyl flouride by heating
15. Name one halo compound which is used as alkyl chloride or alkyl bromide with AgF.
anesthetic CH3Br + AgF → CH3F + AgBr
Ans: Chloroform 8. Grignard reagent should be kept free from
16. Name of the first chlorinated organic insecticide moisture.Why?
Ans: DDT Ans: It will react with moisture to form
17. The chemical formula of Freon 12 is...... hydrocarbons.
Ans:CCl2F2 CH3MgBr + H2O → CH4 + Mg(OH)Br
18. Which among the following will undergo SN1 9. Difference between SN1 and SN2 reaction.
reaction faster Substitution Nucleophilic Substitution Nucleophilic
CH3CH2Br or (CH3)2CHBr Unimolecular SN1 Bimolecular SN2
Ans:(CH3)2CHBr (for SN1: 3°> 2°> 1°) Two step process with One step process with
19. CH3OH+PCl3 → CH3Cl + —— order =1 order =2
Ans: H3PO3 Racemisation Inversion of configuration
20. Which halo compound is used for the treatment order of reactivity is order of reactivity is
of malaria 3o>2o>1o>CH3-X 3o<2o<1o<CH3-X
Ans: Chloroquinine

14 P l u s Tw o Q u i c k R e v i s i o n | E a s y Q u e s t i o n s | A s s o c i a t i o n o f C h e m i s t r y Te a c h e r s | T h r i s s u r
10. Explain SN1 Mechanism with example substitution reactions of chlorobenzene.
Ans:Dow’s process and Reaction of
chlorobenzene with aq.ammonia
OH

NaOH/623K/300atm/H+
Cl phenol
11. Explain SN2 Mechanism with example Dow's process

NH 2

aq.NH3 / Cu2O
chlorobenzene aniline
473K / 60atm

17. Write examples of electrophilic

12. Important reactions of benzene diazonium substitution reactions of chlorobenzene.
chloride X Ans:Friedel-Craft’s Alkylation, Friedel-Craft’s
Acylation and Nitration with nitrating mixture
CuX/HX halobenzene
Cl Cl
Sandmeyer
Reaction CH3
X
Cl
CH3Cl / anhyd. AlCl3
Friedel crafts
+
alkylation
Cu powder/HX halobenzene
N2 X CH3
Gattermann
Reaction Cl Cl
F chlorobenzene COCH 3
CH3COCl / anhyd. AlCl3

HBF4 Friedel crafts +

benzene diazonium fluorobenzene acylation
halide Balz schiemann
Reaction COCH 3
I Cl Cl

conc. HNO3 NO 2
KI
iodobenzene
conc. H2SO4
Nitration Reaction +

13. Reactions of halobenzene with metals NO 2

MgX

Mg / ether Unit 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Formation of
X Grignard Reagent
Part A
Na / ether 1. The chemical test used to distinguish
Fittig Reaction
between primary, secondary and tertiary
diphenyl or diaryl
halobenzene
alcohols is_____________.
R
Ans: Lucas test.
R-X /Na / ether 2. Lucas reagent ;
Wurtz-Fittig
Reaction
Ans: Anhydrous ZnCl2 and Conc. HCl
alkyl benzene
3. Wood spirit is ________.
14. How can you convert nitrobenzene to chloro Ans: Methanol.
benzene? 4. Grignard reagent is __________.
Ans: Alkyl Magnesium halide.
5. Phenol reacts with conc. Nitric acid to
form_________.
Ans: Picric acid. (2,4,6–trinitrophenol)
6. Phenol reacts with Zinc dust gives .....
15. Though haloalkanes are polar,they are less Ans:Benzene.
soluble in water. Why? 7. The chemical name of Aspirin is ________.
Ans:They can neither form hydrogen bond Ans:Acetyl salicylic acid.
nor they can break hydrogen bond between 8. Alcohols react with Carboxylic acids in
water molecules presence of conc. Suphuric acid to form ____
Ans: Esters.
16. Write any two examples of nucleophilic 9. Alcohols are soluble in water due to the
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 presence of ______ bond. increase in the number of branches.
Ans: Hydrogen bond. 3. Give the method for the conversion of
10. The name of the reaction in which alkyl aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters
halides react with sodium alkoxide to form to alcohols.
ethers is ____________. Ans:By reduction or addition of hydrogen in
Ans: Williamsons synthesis. presence of reducing agents.
11. Name the enzyme that converts glucose to
Ethanol.
Ans: Zymase.
12. Ethanol is manufactured by the fermentation
of ———-
Ans: Molasses
13. Phenol react with bromine water forming a 4. What happens when a grignard reagent reacts
white precipitate of ——— with methanal, ethanal and propanone?
. Ans: 2,4,6-tribromophenol Ans: It forms primary, secondary and tertiary
14. With hydrohalic acid,alkyl aryl ethers forms alcohols respectively.
—— and alkyl halide.
Ans: Phenol
15. Alcohols and phenols can be detected
using…….. 5. Why is Phenol acidic?
Ans: Neural ferric chloride. (phenols Ans: Since the phenoxide ion formed is stable
gives violet colour but Alcohol does not give a due to resonance, phenol releases H+ ion easily.
characterstic colour) 6. How is methanol prepared chemically?
16. Phenol is heated with chloroform in presence of Ans: By the hydrogenation of CO in presence of
sodium hydroxide gives — oxides of Cu, Zn andCr.
Ans:Salicylaldehyde CO
ZnO - Cr2O3
+ 2 H2 200-300 atm CH3OH
17. On warming an aqueous solution of benzene 573-673K

diazonium salt, —— is formed. 7. What happens when methanol is consumed

Ans:Phenol even in small quantities?
18. Aldehydes on reduction gives —— alcohol Ans: It causes blindness.
Ans: Primary 8. Explain the manufacture of phenol
19. Addition of Grignard reagent, RMgX to Ans: Cumene(iso propyl alcohol) on air
ketones and the product on oxidation and the product on acidification gives
hydrolysis gives ——— alcohol phenol
CH3 CH3
Ans: Tertiary
H3C CH H3C C-O-O-H OH
20. Chloroalkanes can be conveniently prepared by
treating alcohol with ——— in presence of O2 H+

weak base H2O

Ans: Thionyl chloride cumene cumene hydroperoxide phenol

9. Nitration of phenol OH OH

Part B dilute HNO3

NO 2

1. How are alkenes converted to alcohols? OH +

Ans:By the hydration of alcohol in presence of o-nitro phenol
NO 2
mineral acids. OH p-nitro phenol
phenol NO2 NO 2
Nitrating mixture
2,4,6-trinitrophenol
(picric acid)
2. What happens to the boiling points of alcohols
with increase in the number of carbon atoms NO 2

and branches?
Ans: The boiling point of alcohols increases
with increase in the number of carbon atoms.
The boiling point of alcohols decreases with the
10. How will you distinguish 1°, 2°& 3°alcohols?
Ans: It is done by Lucas Test. Anhydrous ZnCl2
in HCl is called Lucas reagent. With Lucas
reagent,
3o alcohol gives sudden turbidity

16 P l u s Tw o Q u i c k R e v i s i o n | E a s y Q u e s t i o n s | A s s o c i a t i o n o f C h e m i s t r y Te a c h e r s | T h r i s s u r
 2o alcohol gives turbidity in few minutes Ans:CH3CHO
1o alcohol gives turbidity only on heating 3. Which is the catalyst used in Rosenmund’s
Turbidity is due to the formation of alkyl reduction?
chloride Ans: Pd/BaSO4
11. Bromination of phenol OH OH 4. DIBAL- H is……….
Br2 /CS2
Br
Ans: Diisobutylaluminium hydride
OH + 5. Toluene → benzaldehyde by;
o-bromo phenol
Br
Ans: Etard’s reaction (using chromyl chloride)
OH p-bromo phenol 6. Benzene → benzaldehyde by;
phenol
Br2 /H2O Br Br Ans: Gatterman–Koch reaction
2,4,6-tribromophenol
7. Aldehyde + HCN → ………
white ppt Ans: cyanohydrin
Br
8. Reagent used for the purification of aldehydes
12. What is denaturation of alcohol? and ketones;
Ans: It is a method of making alcohol unfit for Ans:NaHSO3
drinking by adding copper sulfate and pyridine 9. Borsche’s reagent;
13. Why is there a large difference in boiling points Ans:2,4- dinitrophenyl hydrazine
of alcohols and ethers? 10. Write a test which is used to distinguish
Ans: Due to the presence of Hydrogen bonding between propanal and propanone;
in alcohols. Ans: Tollen’s test(silver mirror test) or
14. Dow’s process (Conversion of chlorobenzene to Fehling’s test
phenol) 11. Tollen’s reagent;
Cl OH
Ans:Ammoniacal silver nitrate.
NaOH/623K/300atm/H+ 12. When acetaldehyde is heated with Fehling’s
solution, it gives a red precipitate of:
chlorobenzene phenol Ans: Cu2O
15. Reimer-Tiemann Reaction (Conversion of 13. Chemically formalin is……
phenol to salicyladehyde) Ans: 40% formaldehyde in water
OH OH 14. The boiling points of carboxylic acids are
CHCl3
CHO higher than alcohos.Why?
NaOH Ans:Due to greater intermolecular H- bonding
16. Kolbe phenol
process or Kolbe–Schmitt
salicylaldehyde
reaction in carboxylic acids/Formation of dimers
(Conversion of phenol to salicylic acid) 15. Methyl cyanide on Stephen reaction gives —
OH ONa OH Ans: Ethanal
NaOH CO2
COOH 16. Aldehydes react with alcohol in presence of dry
H+ hydrogen chloride gas to form ——
phenol sodium phenoxide salicylic acid
Ans:Acetals
17. Aldehydes and ketones react with
17. Give the method of preparation of Ethanol on hydroxylamine to form ———
large scale? Ans: Oximes
Ans: Fermentation of sugar. 18. Presence of CH3CO- group in aldehydes and
invertase
ketones and CH3CHOH- group in alcohols are
C12H22O11
sugar
C6H12O6
glucose
+ Cfructose
6H12O6 detected by ——— reaction
C6H12O6
zymase
2 C 2H5OH + 2 CO 2 Ans:Iodoform
glucose/fructose ethyl alcohol 19. Reduction of aldehydes and ketones by heating
with zinc amalgam and con.HCl gives ——
Unit 8: Aldehydes, Ketones and Ans: Hydrocarbon (Clemmensen Reduction)
Carboxylic acids 20. Alkyl benzenes oxidised with alkaline KMnO4
Part A gives ——-
1. The better oxidising agent is used to oxidise Ans: Aromatic acids
alcohols to aldehydes and ketones; 21. Carboxylic acids react with ammonia which on
Ans: PCC (Pyridinium chlorochromate) strong heating gives ———
2. Ans:Acid amides

P l u s Tw o Q u i c k R e v i s i o n | E a s y Q u e s t i o n s | A s s o c i a t i o n o f C h e m i s t r y Te a c h e r s | T h r i s s u r 17
22. Aliphatic carboxylic acids containing alpha- chloride.
hydrogen atom react with halogen in presence Ans: Rosenmund’s reduction
of red phosphorous gives ——— COCl CHO
Ans: Alpha-halo acid
Pd/BaSO4
23. β-hydroxy aldehydes are commonly known
as……
Ans: Aldol 11. Etard Reaction(Conversion of toluene to
24. Bakelite is a polymer of …….. benzaldehyde)
Ans: Phenol & formaldehyde CH 3 CHO

CrO2Cl2

Part B CS2

toluene benzaldehyde
1. Show the order of reactivity of the following
compounds in nucleophilic addition 12. Gattermann-Koch reaction (Conversion of
CH3CHO, CH3COCH3, H-CHO benzene to benzaldehyde)
Ans: H-CHO > CH3CHO > CH3COCH3
2. How does Tollens’ reagent distinguish between
aldehydes and ketones?
Ans: Tollens’ reagent distinguishes between
aldehydes and ketones by reacting with 13. Clemmensen Reduction
aldehydes to form a silver mirror, indicating the Ans: Aldehydes and Ketones on reduction
presence of an aldehyde. Ketones do not react in presence of Zinc amalgum and conc.HCl
with Tollens’ Reagent give hydrocarbons
3. Explain why aldehydes are more reactive than
ketones towards nucleophillic attack.
Ans: Presence of a hydrogen atom directly
bonded to the carbonyl carbon in aldehyde 14. Wolff-Kishner Reduction
make it more electrophilic.The reduced steric Ans: Aldehydes and ketones on reduction in
hindrance around the carbonyl carbon in presence of hydrazine and KOH in ethylene
aldehydes compared to ketones further glycol give hydrocarbons
enhances their reactivity toward nucleophilic
attack.
4. Give a method for the preparation of propanone
from propan-2-ol
Ans: Propan-2-ol on heating with Cu at 573K 15. Aldol Condensation
gives propanone. Ans: Aldehydes or ketones containing
5. The formation of cyanohydrin from ketone is α-hydrogen react with dilute alkali form
an example of.......... β-hydroxy aldehydes or ketones
Ans: Nucleophilic addition
6. What is the chemical name of Aspirin?
Ans:Acetylsalicylic acid
(2-Acetoxybenzoic acid) 16. Cannizzaro Reaction
7. What is the reason for the resemblance of Ans:Aldehydes which do not contain α
aldehydes and ketones in chemical reactions? hydrogen(formaldehyde and benzaldehyde)
Ans: Presence of carbonyl group ( >C=O) in undergo self oxidation-reduction reaction in
aldehydes and ketones. presence of concentrated alkali gives a mixture
8. Mention the type of hybridisation present in the of carboxylic acid and alcohol.
aldehydic and ketonic functional group. H CHO + H CHO
conc. NaOH
CH3 OH + H COONa
Ans: sp2 formaldehyde methanol sodium formate
conc. KOH
9. What is the product formed on nitration of C6H5 CHO + C6H5 CHO C6H5 CH2 OH + C6H5 COOK
benzaldehyde benzyl alcohol potassium benzoate
Benzoic acid?
Ans: m-nitrobenzoic acid or 17. Haloform Reaction
3-Nitrobenzoic acid. Ans: When aldehydes or ketones containing
10. Write down the reaction used for CH3-CO- group is warmed with halogen and
the preparation of benzaldehyde from benzoyl
18 P l u s T w o Q u i c k R e v i s i o n | E a s y Q u e s t i o n s | A s s o c i a t i o n o f C h e m i s t r y Te a c h e r s | T h r i s s u r
 alkali, haloform(CHX3) is formed.
18. . Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky(HVZ) reaction
Ans: Carboxylic acid contain α hydrogen reacts
with chlorine or bromine in presence of red P
gives α-chloro or α-bromo carboxylic acid
Unit 9: Amines
Part A
1. Adrenaline and Ephedrine,both containing
secondary amino group are used to _____
Ans: To increase blood pressure
2. Which amino compound used as anesthetic in
dentistry
Ans: Novocain
3. A well known anti histaminic drug which
contain tertiary amine group is _____
Ans:Benadryl
4. Simplest example of arylamine is _____
Ans:Aniline
5. The process of cleavage of the C-X bond by
ammonia molecules is known as ——
Ans: Ammonolysis
6. Which among the following is more basic in
aqueous solution
(CH3)3N, NH3, (CH3)2NH, CH3NH2
Ans: (CH3)2NH
7. The reaction between amines and benzoyl
chloride is known as —
Ans: Benzoylation / Schotten Bauman reaction
8. Carbylamine reaction is used as a test for——
Ans: Primary amine
9. The conversion of primary aromatic amine
into diazonium salt is known as —
Ans: Diazotization
10. Benzene diazonium halide reacts with Cu and
HCl to give halobenzene .Write the name of the
reaction
Ans: Gatterman reaction
11. The zwitter ion formed by the sulphonation of
aniline is ——
Ans: Sulphanilic acid or
p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid
12. Diazonium salt solution heated with
water gives ———
Ans: Phenol
13. Hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) reduce
benzene diazonium salt to ———
Ans: Benzene
14. The reaction between Arene diazonium salt
P l u s Tw o Q u i c k R e v i s i o n | E a s y Q u e s t i o n s
with highly activated compounds to form
coloured azo compounds is known as ———
Ans: Coupling reaction
15. Controlled direct nitration of aniline with conc.
HNO3 gives ——— as major product
Ans: m-nitroaniline
16. Amide on reduction with lithium aluminum
hydride gives ———
Ans: Primary amine
17. Amides reacts with bromine in aqueous
solution of sodium hydroxide to give a primary
amine containing one carbon less than the
reactant. Name the reaction
Ans:Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction
18. Write the name of the reagent used to convert
nitrobenzene to aniline
Ans:H2/Pd or Sn/HCl
Part B
1. Preparation of amines by Ammonolysis
of alkyl halide has a disadvantage . What is the
disadvantage?
Ans:lt yields a mixture of primary, secondary
and tertiary amines and a quaternary Salt
2. Which method is used for ascendng of amine
series?
Ans:Reduction of Nitrile with Lithium
aluminum hydride or catalytic hydrogenation .
3. Aromatic primary amines cannot be prepared
by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.why?
Ans:Because aryl halides don’t undergo
nucleophilic substitution with anion formed by
phthalimide.
4. Arylamines get coloured on storage. Why?
Ans: Due to atmospheric oxidation
5. Why are lower aliphatic amines soluble in
water?
Ans:Because they can form hydrogen bonds
with water molecules .
6. What is the reason for high reactivity of
amines?
Ans:i)Electronegativity difference between
Nitrogen and Hydrogen Atom ii)presence of
unshared pair of electrons over the Nitrogen
atom
7. Which reaction is the basis for the separation
of amines from the nonbasic organic
compounds insoluble in water?
Ans:RNH2+H2O———> RNH3+ + OH-
8. Alkylamines are more basic than ammonia.
Why?
Ans:It is due to the electron releasing nature of
| A s s o c i a t i o n o f C h e m i s t r y Te a c h e r s | T h r i s s u r 19
 alkyl group. the preparation of o-bromoaniline or
9. Arylamines are less basic than ammonia.why? p-bromoaniline
Ans: -NH2 group is directly attached to benzene Ans: Before bromination, aniline is acetylated
ring, so the unshared electron pair on Nitrogen to protect amino group. The acetylated
atom is in conjugation with Benzene ring and compound on bromination followed by
make it less available for protonation. hydrolysis give mono bromo derivative
10. Carbylamine Reaction:
Ans: aliphatic and aromatic primary amines
when warmed with chloroform and
alcoholic KOH gives foul smelling isocyanides
or carbylamine. This is used as a test for
primary amine

15. How will you prepare mono nitro derivative

11. How will you distinguish primary,secondary of aniline? OR How will you prepare
and tertiary amines? or Explain Hinsberg test p-nitroaniline from aniline?
Ans: Benzene sulphonyl chloride (C6H5SO2Cl) Ans: Before nitration, aniline is acetylated
is called Hinsberg reagent to protect amino group. The acetylated product
Primary amines reacts with Hinsberg reagent obtained on hydrolysis give p-nitroaniline
to form alkyl benzene sulphonamide which is NH2 NHCOCH 3 NHCOCH 3 NH2

soluble in alkali
(CH 3 CO) 2 O H+
Secondary amines react with Hinsberg reagent
HNO3
pyridine H2SO4

to form dialkyl benzene sulphonamide which is aniline acetanilide

NO 2 NO 2
insoluble in alkali p-nitro acetanilide p-nitro aniline

Tertiary amine does not react with Hinsberg
reagent
12. Gabriel Phthalimide synthesis:
Ans: Phthalimide is treated with ethanolic KOH
gives potassium phthalimide which on heating
with alkyl or benzyl halide followed by
hydrolysis gives primary amine
16. Explain the order of basic strength of primary,
secondary and tertiary amines in vapour phase
Ans: Basic strength depends on +I effect,
solvation and steric hindrance.
Order of basic strength in in gaseous state:
tertiary>secondary>primary>ammonia
17. Amino group is ortho para directing. But on
nitration aniline gives meta product. Why?
Ans: In the presence of acid, anilinium ion is
formed. It is meta directing.

Unit 10: Biomolecules

13. Electrophilic Substitution reactions of aniline Part A
1. Carbohydrates which cannot be hydrolysed
into simpler molecules are called –——
Ans: Monosaccharides
2. Examples for monosaccharides
Ans: Glucose and fructose
3. Carbohydrates which on hydrolysis give 2 to 10
monosaccharide units are called
Ans: Oligosaccharides
4. Examples of oligosaccharides
Ans: Sucrose, Maltose, lactose
5. Carbohydrates which on hydrolysis give a large
number of monosaccharide units are called…..
Ans: Polysaccharides
14 How will you prepare mono halogen derivative 6. Examples for polysaccharides
of aniline? OR Suggest a method for Ans: Starch, Cellulose
20 P l u s Tw o Q u i c k R e v i s i o n | E a s y Q u e s t i o n s | A s s o c i a t i o n o f C h e m i s t r y Te a c h e r s | T h r i s s u r
7. The linkage between two monosaccharide units configuration around C1 atom. The C1 atom is
through oxygen atom is called called anomeric carbon.
Ans: Glycosidic linkage ie; (-C-O-C)linkage. e.g.: a-D-(+)-glucose and b-D-(+)-glucose
8. Starch is Polymer of —— 4. What is inversion of cane sugar
Ans: Alpha glucose Ans: Sugar is dextra rotatory(+65.5o). On
9. Water soluble component of starch hydrolysis, it gives equimolecular mixture of
Ans: Amylose D(+)glucose (+52.2o) and D(-)fructose(-
10. Water insoluble component of starch 92.4o). Since laevo rotation of fructose is more
Ans:Amylopectin than dextro rotation of glucose, the mixture will
11. ——— is a linear polymer of beta glucose be laevo rotatory. This process of change in
Ans: Cellulose optical activity is called inversion of cane sugar
12. —— is known as animal starch and the mixture is called invert sugar.
Ans: Glycogen 5. Classification of saccharides(Carbohydrates)
13. Proteins are polymers of based on reducing character:
Ans: Amino acids Reducing sugars Non-reducing sugars
14. In proteins amino acids are linked by Carbohydrates which contain Carbohydrates which do not
Ans:Peptide bonds ie;(-CO–NH- bonds) free aldehydic or ketonic contain free aldehydic or
15. Which are fat soluble vitamins groups ketonic group
Ans: Vitamin A, D, E, K e.g.: All monosaccharides, e.g.: Sucrose, all
16. Which are water soluble vitamins disaccharides like maltose polysaccharides
Ans:Vitamin B, C and lactose
17. Composition of nucleoside 6. Vitamins and their deficiency diseases
Ans:Nitrogen base, pentose sugar Vitamin Deficiency Disease
18. Composition of nucleotide Vitamin A Night blindness, Xerophthalmia
Ans: Nitrogen base, Pentose sugar and Vitamin B1 Beriberi
phosphoric acid Vitamin B2 Cheilosis
19. ——— are called Polynucleotides Vitamin B6 Anaemia, itchy rashes, scaly skin on the lips
Ans: Nucleic acids Vitamin B12 Pernicious anaemia
20. Protein present in hair Vitamin C Scurvy
Ans: Keratin Vitamin D Rickets and osteomalacia
Vitamin E Less Fertility
Part B Vitamin K Haemophilia (non-clotting of blood)
1. Explain manufacture of glucose 7. Differences between DNA and RNA
Ans: Commercially glucose is obtained by DNA RNA
hydrolysis of starch by boiling it with dil. It contains deoxyribose as sugar It contains ribose as sugar.
H2SO4 at 393 K under pressure. It is responsible for maintaining It is responsible for
heredity traits from generation protein synthesis.
to generation.
2. Structure of Glucose or dextrose, C6H12O6 Double stranded α‐ helix Single stranded α‐ helix
structure structure
It is responsible for maintaining It is responsible for
heredity traits from generation protein synthesis.
to generation.
8. Non-essential and essential amino acids
Non-essential amino Essential amino acids
acids
ring D- Glucose ring
structure open chain structure structure Amino acids Amino acids cannot be synthesized
synthesized by by body. They must be provided
Ans: Two cyclic forms of glucose exist in human body through diet
equilibrium with the open chain structure. The Glycine, Alanine Valine, Leucine etc.
two cyclic hemiacetal forms of glucose differ 9. What do you mean by Zwitter ion?
only in the configuration at first carbon. Ans: Amino acids contains both acidic
3. What do you mean by Anomers? (-COOH) and basic (-OH) groups. In aqueous
Ans: A pair of stereo isomers differ in solution, acidic group loses H+ ion and basic

P l u s Tw o Q u i c k R e v i s i o n | E a s y Q u e s t i o n s | A s s o c i a t i o n o f C h e m i s t r y Te a c h e r s | T h r i s s u r 21
 group gains H+ ion to form zwitter ion
10. Linkages in Biomolecules
Biomlecule
Carbohydrate
Protein
Nucleic Acid
11. Explain the structure of Protein
Ans: i) Primary Structure : The sequence in
which amino acids are arranged in proteins.
ii) Secondary Structure : The manner in which
the polypeptide chains are folded. It is of two
types : α‐ helix structure: polypeptide chains
are coiled up to form a spiral structure
β‐ pleated structure: polypeptide chains
forms flat sheet type structure
iii) Tertiary Structure : This gives the overall
shape of proteins(fibrous and globular)
iv) Quarternary Structure : The spatial
arrangement of two or more peptide chains
Linkage 12. Classification of proteins based on the
Glycosidic molecular shape
Peptide Fibrous proteins: They have fibre like structure.
Phosphodiester Here the linear polypeptide chains are held
together by H-bond and disulphide bond.
They are generally insoluble in water. e.g.
Keratin (present in hair, wool, silk etc.) and
myosin (present in muscles).
Globular proteins: Here the chains of
polypeptides coil around to give a spherical
shape. These are usually soluble in water.
Insulin and albumins are the common examples
of globular proteins.

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Prepared by
Academic Wing
^Ŷͬ,ů

Association of Chemistry Teachers

Thrissur District
NO 2

2024 February


22 P l u s Tw o Q u i c k R e v i s i o n | E a s y Q u e s t i o n s | A s s o c i a t i o n o f C h e m i s t r y Te a c h e r s | T h r i s s u r
 Association of Chemistry Teachers
Thrissur District

P l u s Tw o Q u i c k R e v i s i o n | E a s y Q u e s t i o n s | A s s o c i a t i o n o f C h e m i s t r y Te a c h e r s | T h r i s s u r 23