Government Engineering College Bilaspur (C.

G)

REPORT FILE ON MAJOR PROJECT

“ARCHETECTURAL PLANNING AND DESIGN OF LEVEL 3 TRAUMA CARE

CENTRE”
(Session 2022-2023)

GUIDED BY:- SUBMITTED BY: -

PROFF. ADITYA SINGH RUPESH ADITYA
RAHUL RANJAN
LOKESH DEWANGAN

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINIEERING, GECBSP

i
 Declaration

We the under signed solemnly declare the report that the report of the Major Project work
entitled “ARCHETECTURAL PLANNING AND DESIGN OF LEVEL 3 TRAUMA CARE
CENTRE.” is based on our work carried out during the course of our study under the guidance
of Proff. ADITYA SINGH, department of Civil Engineering, Government engineering College
Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh.

(SIGN OF CANDIDATE)
RUPESH ADITYA
ROLL NO. – 300702019015
ENROLLMENT NO. – BH2055
sign
Prof, ADITYA SINGH
Assistant professor
(SIGN OF CANDIDATE) Civil Engineering Department,
RAHUL RANJAN GEC BILASPUR
ROLL NO. – 300702019012
ENROLLMENT NO. – BH2051

(SIGN OF CANDIDATE)
LOKESH DEWANGAN
ROLL NO. – 300702019006
ENROLLMENT NO. – BH2046

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report of the major project entitled “ARCHETECTURAL PLANNING

AND DESIGN OF LEVEL 3 TRAUMA CARE CENTRE” is record of bonafide research work
carried out by:

1. Rupesh Aditya
2. Rahul Ranjan
3. Lokesh Dewangan

Under my guidance and supervision for the award of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in

Civil Engineering, Government Engineering College Bilaspur of Chhattisgarh Swami
Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai (C.G.) India.

Sign sign
Dr. Seema Chauhan Proff. ADITYA SINGH
Assistant Professor
Head Of Department Civil Engineering Department,
Civil Engineering Department GEC BILASPUR

GEC Bilaspur (C.G.)

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 CERTIFICATE BY EXAMINERS

The project report work entitled “ARCHETECTURAL PLANNING AND DESIGN OF LEVEL 3

TRAUMA CARE CENTRE”.

Submitted by:

RUPESH ADITYA 300702019015

RAHUL RANJAN 300702019011

LOKESH DEWANGAN 300702019006

Has been examined by the undersigned as a part of examination and is here by recommended
for the award of the BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in Civil Engineering, Government
Engineering College Bilaspur of Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University,
Bhilai (C.G.) India.

[Internal Examiner] [ External Examiner]

iv
 CERTIFICATE BY EXAMINERS

Certified that this project report “ARCHETECTURAL PLANNING AND DESIGN OF

LEVEL 3 TRAUMA CARE CENTRE” is the bonafide work of RAHUL RANJAN
(300702019011) who carried out the project work which has been examined by the undersigned
as a part of examination and is here by recommended for the award of the BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY in Civil Engineering, Government Engineering College Bilaspur
discipline to Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai (C.G.) during
the academic year 2019-23.

[Internal Examiner] [External Examiner]

v
 CERTIFICATE BY EXAMINERS

Certified that this project report “ARCHETECTURAL PLANNING AND DESIGN OF

LEVEL 3 TRAUMA CARE CENTRE” is the bonafide work of LOKESH DEWANGAN
(300702019006) who carried out the project work which has been examined by the undersigned
as a part of examination and is here by recommended for the award of the BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY in Civil Engineering, Government Engineering College Bilaspur
discipline to Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai (C.G.) during
the academic year 2019-23.

[Internal Examiner] [External Examiner]

vi
 CERTIFICATE BY EXAMINERS

Certified that this project report “ARCHETECTURAL PLANNING AND DESIGN OF

LEVEL 3 TRAUMA CARE CENTRE” is the bonafide work of RUPESH ADITYA
(300702019015) who carried out the project work which has been examined by the undersigned
as a part of examination and is here by recommended for the award of the BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY in Civil Engineering, Government Engineering College Bilaspur
discipline to Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai (C.G.) during
the academic year 2019-23.

[Internal Examiner] [External Examiner]

vii
 Acknowledgement

We want to express our heartfelt gratitude to our guide, Prof. ADITYA SINGH for his
invaluable contribution to our project in the form of his erudition and experience in this
field. The intensity of useful information and his essential guidance remains indispensable
for the completion of our project.

We would also like to thank faculties of the department – HOD Dr. Seema Chauhan, Mrs.
Tanuja Gupta and Mrs. Juhita Singh for their alacrity to hear us and help us in various
measures throughout this project.

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 ABSTRACT

In India, road injuries are one of the top four leading causes of death and health loss among
persons of age group 15-49 years. Road traffic injuries are a burden on the public health system
as it is one of the leading causes of deaths globally; Over the past decade, the Govt. of India
has taken progressive initiatives towards road safety including improving Trauma Care services
along the highways by improving existing hospital emergency care areas or by establishing an
isolated trauma care areas along the highway at prone areas.

In this project, we have designed a single storeyed, level 3 trauma centre model of capacity of
40 beds to facilitate the basic requirements of severe injured peoples on short range of time so
that it will be helpful to reduce death rate due to severe crashes at particular prone areas. The
reference for planning is taken from IS 12433:2001 part 2 and is done using AutoCAD
software, IS 875-2 is used for design load consideration, design of all members is done by using
STAAD Pro., IS code 456:2000 and limit state method is used for design.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT
DECLARATION................................................................................................................................... ii
CERTIFICATE .................................................................................................................................... iii
CERTIFICATE BY EXAMINERS .................................................................................................... iv
CERTIFICATE BY EXAMINERS .................................................................................................... vi
CERTIFICATE BY EXAMINERS ................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................................. viii
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................................................................ x
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................ xii
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 WHY TRAUMA CENTER ...................................................................................................... 1
1.3 FOCAL AREAS ........................................................................................................................ 2
1.4 TRAUMA CENTER V/S EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT ................................................. 2
1.5 OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................ 3
1.6 SCOPE ....................................................................................................................................... 3
1.7 HIERARCHY LEVELS OF TRAUMA CENTERS ............................................................... 4
1.8 HIERARCHAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................ 4
1.9 HIERARCHY LEVELS OF TRAUMA CENTERS .............................................................. 6
1.10 THRUST AREA ...................................................................................................................... 6
1.11 CORE AREAS IN A TRAUMA CARE FACILITY ............................................................ 7
1.12 WORK FLOW DIAGRAM GOVERNMENTS SCHEME WARDS ESTABLISHMENT
............................................................................................................................................................ 7
1.13 MINISTRY OF HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE .......................................................... 8
1.14 MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS ............................................... 8
1.15 ELEMENTS OF A LEVEL I TRAUMA CENTER ............................................................ 8
CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................................................ 10
LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................................. 10
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW 1 ..................................................................................................... 10
2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2 ..................................................................................................... 10
2.3 LITERATURE REVIEW 3 ..................................................................................................... 11
2.4 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 ..................................................................................................... 11
2.5 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 .................................................................................................... 11
2.6 LITERATURE REVIEW 6 .................................................................................................... 12

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 2.7 LITERATURE REVIEW 7 .................................................................................................... 12
2.8 LITERATURE REVIEW 8 .................................................................................................... 13
CHAPTER 3 ........................................................................................................................................ 14
METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................. 14
3.1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 14
3.2 SOFTWARE USED ............................................................................................................... 14
3.3 PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................................................ 15
3.4 IMPROVEMENTS THROUGH ARCHITECTURE .......................................................... 16
3.5 PLANNING ASPECTS ......................................................................................................... 17
3.6 DESIGN LOAD CONSIDERATION.................................................................................... 19
3.7 SPECIFICATION RELATED TO PLANNING AND DESIGNING ................................. 20
3.8 MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF THE BUILDING .................................................... 21
3.9 MODEL CREATION ............................................................................................................. 21
CHAPTER 4 ........................................................................................................................................ 29
PLANNING AND DESIGN RESULT .............................................................................................. 29
4.1 DESIGN RESULT .................................................................................................................. 29
4.2 DETAILED PLAN – ................................................................................................................. 29
4.3 DIFFERENT VIEW OF MODEL ......................................................................................... 34
4.4 COLUMN DESIGN PLAN .................................................................................................... 37
4.5 MAIN BEAM PLAN............................................................................................................... 41
4.6 PLINTH BEAM PLAN .......................................................................................................... 45
4.7 FOUNDATION DESIGNING ............................................................................................... 48
4.8 PLATE / SLAB PLAN- ......................................................................................................... 52
CHAPTER 5 ........................................................................................................................................ 55
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................... 55
SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK ........................................................................................................... 56

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 LIST OF FIGURES
Fig No 1. Work Flow Diagram
Fig no.2 model in STAADPro.
Fig no. 3 Top view of model.
Fig no. 4 Front view of model.
Fig no. 5 Side view of model.
Fig no. 6 Footing/ support.
Fig no. 7 3D rendering of model.
Fig no.8 Applied UDL on Main Beam
Fig no.9 Applied UDL on Plinth Beam
Fig no. 10 Applied Self Weight on Model
Fig no. 11 Applied Floor Load on Slab
Fig no.12 Line Diagram of Trauma Care Centre.
Fig no.13 Detailed Plan
Fig no.14 Detail Of Windows And Doors
Fig no.15 Section view
Fig no. 16 Elevation view
Fig no. 17 Side view
Fig no. 18 Detailed Column Plan
Fig no. 19 Column Plan
Fig no. 20 Typical Section View
Fig no. 21 Reinforcement Detail of Column
Fig no.22 Detailed Plan of Main Beam
Fig no.23 Reinforcement Detail of Main Beam.
Fig no. 24 Main Beam Plan.
Fig no.25 Typical Section View
Fig no.26 Detailed Plan of Plinth Beam
Fig no.27 Plinth Beam Plan
Fig no. 28 Reinforcement Detail of Main Beam
Fig no..29 Detailed Plan of Footing.
Fig no.30 Footing Plan
Fig no.31 Reinforcement Detail of Footing.
Fig no.32 Detailed Plan of Slab
Fig no.33 Reinforcement Detail of Slab.
Fig. 34 Plan of Slab
Fig no.35 presentation Day
Fig no.36 presentation on major project.
Fig no.37 Guidance by Mrs. Tanuja mam
Fig no.38 Taking guidance from Mrs. Juhita madam.
Fig no.39 Taking guidance from mrs. juhita madam.

xii
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

A Trauma Center is a hospital, equipped and staffed to provide comprehensive emergency

medical services to patients suffering traumatic injuries. Trauma centers grew into existence
out of the realization that traumatic injury is a disease process unto itself requiring specialized
and experienced multidisciplinary treatment and specialized resources. A Trauma Center is
also called an 'emergency department (ED)". also known as "accident & emergency (A&E).
“Emergency room (ER)", or "casualty department". The trauma level certification can directly
affect the patient's outcome and determine if the patient needs to be transferred to a higher level
Trauma Center.

1.2 WHY TRAUMA CENTER

Everyday around the world almost 16,000 people die from various injuries. Injuries represent
12% of the global burden of disease. It is startling to note that the lower and middle income
groups of India contribute about 90% of the global burden of injury mortality, thus highlighting
the disparities in outcome of trauma between the high, middle, and lower income nations.
Injuries affect the productive youth of the country. In addition to excess mortality; there is a
tremendous burden of disability from extremity, head, and spinal injuries.

Therefore, trauma effects the productive youth of the country, which is otherwise healthy and
free from chronic disease. In India, most of the available literature regarding trauma
epidemiology is pertaining to road traffic injuries and there are hardly any studies done on the
other causes of trauma. Trauma is caused by a wide variety of risks e.g. fall (common in
pediatric patients, firearm injuries, poisoning. burns, drowning, intentional self-harm
(suicides). assault, falling objects, and natural and man-made disasters. The improvement and
organization of trauma services or systems is a cost effective way improving patient outcome
and is achievable in almost all settings.

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1.3 FOCAL AREAS

Hospital planning has a lot of areas that has to be taken care. The building invokes a sense of
cleanliness in one's mind. So, obviously any kind of hospital design has to be thought about,
allotting a space for services.

Beyond technical requirements that modern medicine demands, the designer has to cope with
a host of more subjective issues like the anxiety of the patient, the stressful work environment
of the staff and the need to build a sustainable and healing building which brings us to;
designing an environment targeted at the patient's psychology that helps them feel comfortable
and at home. The thesis aims at developing a concrete relationship between built-environment
with the reactions of traumatic patients and to that of the city it is built in.

1.4 TRAUMA CENTER v/s EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

• Emergency service are designed for a broad scope of minor to severe medical emergencies,
while a Trauma Centre has a focused scope of practice and strict requirement for staffing
specialist availability and responsibilities to cater specifically to the critically injured.

• Based upon its capability to treat serious injuries, an emergency department can be given
the appropriate designation of a trauma care facility as well, the emergency department of
hospital that are not designed as trauma centers may not have organized multispecialty
teams ready to response to trauma calls or access to the immediate high level of surgical
care available at a designated Trauma Center.

• Trauma Centre based care not only saves lives, it's a cost effective way to treating major
trauma, the cost per quality adjusted life year gained themselves fund for a trauma care
facility.

• What need to be understand is that a Trauma Centre is not an infrastructure concept, but a
system concept in which the appropriate infrastructure equipment and human resources
work in tandem to provide the necessary trauma care service to a patient.

2
• From location point of view, trauma care facility should located near the accidental prone
areas, while an emergency care should lie at the city center areas.

• Trauma care are also designed from research and skill development point of view, but in
emergency department there is an absence of such program and trainings.

1.5 OBJECTIVE

• To draw the Detailed Plan of a level 3 Trauma Care Center using AutoCAD software.
• To analyze the prepared model and design of all structural members (beams, columns, slab,
footing) using STAAD Pro. V8i 6 and STAAD Foundation Software.
• To prepare the plans of all different structural members using AutoCAD software.
• To prepare the different views (viz. elevation view, section view, side view).

1.6 SCOPE

The organization of a trauma system has four impact pillars, organization of pre-hospital care
facilities, hospital networking, communication systems, and organization of in hospital care
(acute care and definitive care). An integrated approach is required at all levels, human
resources (staffing and training), physical resources (infrastructure, equipment, and supplies)
and the process (organization and administration).

Compared to the western world, the trauma care services in India lack each of the elements
listed above. Most of the physical resources for in-hospital care in terms of infrastructure and
equipment are already available at secondary and tertiary care hospitals and need moderate
upgrades.

Therefore, the thrust areas in the field of trauma services are as follows.
1. Provide physical resources for pre-hospital care and communication systems.
2. Provide well-trained staff at all levels of care from pre-hospital to definitive trauma care.
3. Providers should be well trained and should understand the critical needs of a trauma victim.

3
4. Organize and integrate pre-hospital services with definitive care facilities (hospital) so that
a patient is shifted to an appropriate facility in the shortest possible time.
More than providing the best patient care facilities, the role of this apex trauma center has been
envisaged as an apex research and training institution that will help the nation's administrators
formulate policies regarding the organization of trauma care facilities throughout the country.

1.7 HIERARCHY LEVELS OF TRAUMA CENTERS

1.8 HIERARCHAL REQUIREMENTS

A Level I Trauma Center is required to have a certain number of the following people on
duty, 24 hours a day at the hospital.

• Surgeons.
• Emergency Physicians.
• Anesthesiologists.
• Nurses.
• An education program.
• Preventive and outreach programs.

Level 1 is the highest or most comprehensive care center for trauma, capable of providing total
care for every aspect of injury from prevention through rehabilitation.

A volume of 600 major trauma patients a year or more.

4
A Level II Trauma Center works in collaboration with a Level I center but do not typically
include the research and residency components.

It provides comprehensive trauma care and supplements the clinical expertise of a Level I
institution with 24-hour availability of all essential specialties, personnel, and equipment.
Community trauma prevention and continuing education programs for staff.

Volume requirements typically around 350 major trauma patients per year.

A Level III Trauma Center does not have the full availability of specialists, but does have
resources for emergency resuscitation, surgery, and intensive care of most trauma patients.
These are smaller community hospitals that can handle moderate injuries and stabilize severe
trauma patients for transport to a higher-level Trauma Center.
24-hour general surgical coverage, including prompt availability of Surgeons and
Anesthesiologists.
Transfer agreements for patients needing Level I or Level II Trauma care.
Continuing education for the nursing and allied health personnel.

A Level IV Trauma Center exists in some states where the resources do not exist for a Level
III trauma center. It provides initial evaluation, stabilization, diagnostic capabilities, and
transfer to a higher level of care.
It can also ensure 24-hour emergency coverage by a registered nurse and physician.
Surgeon present in the ED on patient arrival, he can give an adequate initial treatment to the
patient.

A level V Trauma Center provides initial evaluation, stabilization, diagnostic capabilities,

and transfer to a higher level of care.
It may provide surgical and critical-care services, as defined in the service's scope of trauma-
care services. A trauma-trained nurse is immediately available, and physicians are available
upon patient arrival in the Emergency Department [Not available for 24 hours].

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1.9 HIERARCHY LEVELS OF TRAUMA CENTERS

Surgeons: Cardio, Works with a Exists where the Does not have the
Neuro, Ortho, Level I center; resources do not full availability of
Plastic and General. provides exist for a Level specialists, but
24/7 ER Physicians comprehensive III center. It does have
Anesthesiologists. trauma care and provides initial resources for
An Education supplements of a evaluation, emergency
Program Preventive Level I institution stabilization, resuscitation,
& Outreach with 24-hour diagnostic surgery, and
Programs. availability of just capabilities, and intensive care of
the essential transfer to a most trauma
specialties and higher level of patients.
equipment. care.

1.10 THRUST AREA

The thrust areas in the field of trauma services are as follows.

• Physical resources for pre-hospital care and communication systems.

• Organize and integrate pre-hospital services with definitive care facilities (hospital) so that
a patient is shifted to an appropriate facility in the shortest possible time.

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1.11 CORE AREAS IN A TRAUMA CARE FACILITY

1. Operation theatre 13. Hospital office

2. Toilet. 14. Reception
3. Preparation room 15. Waiting area
4. lobby 16. Male ward
5. Staff office. 17. Female ward
6. Patient room. 18. Corridor
7. Document room. 19. Foyer
8. ICU ward. 20. Nurse station
9. Record room and store 21. Pathology waste disposal
10. Linen store 22. Emergency room
11. Pharmacy 23. Pathology lab
12. Electrical room 23. X -ray room

1.12 WORK FLOW DIAGRAM

Fig 1. WORK FLOW DIAGRAM

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1.13 MINISTRY OF HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE

The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare while initiating the first definitive steps towards
building an inclusive Trauma Care System across the country.

The main strategies of the scheme are as under:

• Ensure definitive treatment for the injured within the Golden Hour.

• Basic Life Support Ambulances at every 50km along the Highways.

• Designated Trauma Care Facilities viz. Level I, II & III – at every 100kms on the Highways
by upgrading the existing Govt.

Health care facilities to the appropriate level or by establishing an isolated Trauma Care Center.

1.14 MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS

As per Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, road injuries are one of the top four leading
causes of death and health

loss among persons of age group 15-49 years. During 2018 (report of MoRTH), the total
number of road

accidents are reported to be 4,67,044 causing injuries to 4,69,418 persons and claiming
1,51,417 lives in the country.

This would translate, on an average, into 53 accidents and 17 deaths every hour.

1.15 ELEMENTS OF A LEVEL I TRAUMA CENTER

24-hour in-house coverage by general surgeons, and prompt availability of care in specialties
such as,

8
- Orthopedic surgery

- Neurosurgery

- Anesthesiology

- Emergency medicine

- Radiology

- Internal medicine

- Plastic surgery

- Oral and maxillofacial

- Referral resource for communities in nearby regions.

- Provides leadership in prevention, public education to surrounding communities

- Provides continuing education of the trauma team members.

- Incorporates a comprehensive quality assessment program.

- Operates an organized teaching and research effort to help direct new innovations in trauma
care.

- Program for substance abuse screening and patient intervention.

- Meets minimum requirement for annual volume of severely injured patients.

9
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW 1

Norman TJ Bailey

Has done on operational research in hospital planning in designing, his research was focused
on finding the area required for hospital plan. As for a new hospital this gives a starting point
for designing the necessary wards units the study says if we know the basic demand for medical
care in any given specialty then we can calculate how many beds are required to satisfy this
demand. This showed the necessity of medical care demand for designing of hospital building
and knowing the number of beds, we can find the plan area required for the particular Hospital
building.

2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2

Department of emergency medicine Singapore General Hospital, Owram Road Singapore.

Studied by doctor Fatima Lateef.

Har study was focused on consideration of infection control. According to her study that
physical design and infrastructure of a hospital is an essential component of its infection control
and measures.

Does it must be a prerequisite to share into consideration from the initial conception and
planning stage of the building. To reduce the infection in hospital there should be a balanced
opening in rooms and compartments and all other materials applied to the room and there
location hence you can be taken as an aspect to plan the hospital.

10
2.3 LITERATURE REVIEW 3

Bryan Lawson Michel Phiri

The health service journal

The study was focused on hospital building room-planning and have done a survey to find
which type of patient room is comfortable for the patient in hospital. They find that the length
of storey on the new psychiatric unit was lower than in the old unit. Orthopedic patient treated
on a refurnished ward required fewer analgesic than those on older ward. Patients treated in
single rooms were more satisfied with their care, than those treated in multiple bed wards.
Hence the study was helpful to find where to provide private and general ward.

2.4 LITERATURE REVIEW 4

Abdul Qadir Bhatt and Abdul Wahab

They studied on quick construction of emergency field isolation hospital building using
innovative rapidly construction prefabricated units to treat patients infected with covid-19. This
research commenced using the literature review available on light gauge steel. Then the
selection of typical hospital building plans was done later, the building plan for the particular
hospital was designed. A three - storied hospital building was designed by Staad pro programe
as a light gauge steel structure confirming the seismic provisions for reinforced masonry of
Saudi Building Code.

2.5 LITERATURE REVIEW 5

Nirit Putievsky pilosaf

Health environments research and design journal

This study assessed how architecture design strategies impact in the flexibility of hospital to
change over time.

The study compares to hospital buildings with a very similar configuration and medical
program but with significantly different architectural design strategies. One was designed for

11
an unknown future medical function and second was designed for a specific medical function.
The study analysis the two hospital buildings by their design strategy planning, design process
and construction by phases and compare their change in practice over the last 12 years.

The different results between the two projects demonstrated the greater influence of health care
policies, hospital organization culture and infrastructure funding models on the architecture
and flexibility of hospitals.

2.6 LITERATURE REVIEW 6

Structural designing optimization of flat slab hospital building using genetic algorithms.

Ahmed Aidy, Mohammad Rady, Ibrahim Mohsen, Mashhour Sameh, Youssef Mahfouz.

Building 12(12),2195,2022

This study aimed to minimize the total construction cost of hospital while still satisfying the
special architectural ,practical and structural requirements specified by design codes ,the
decision variable involved the concrete dimensions and steel bars of floors and columns, the
building were subjected to gravity ,earthquake and wind loads to thoroughly examine the
realistic loading conditions .The design was performed in accordance with the Egyptian code
for the design and construction of concrete structure and the egyptian guidelines for hospital
and health cares facilities. The result revealed that using low strength concrete and flat slabs
without drop panels could achieve the best design. The slab thickness had a governing impact
on the total cost of both floor system.

2.7 LITERATURE REVIEW 7

Fire safety compliance among hospital building,

November 2022,

International journal of research – GRANTHALAYAH

Author – Chandramani Bashyal, Anjay Kumar Mishra, Sreeramana Aithar.

12
The assessment focusses to the compliance for fire safety of assessing different standards
availability of equipment and systems, exit requirements and awareness among the
departmental staff of hospitals.

The study confined to the 4 hospital from Bharatpr metropolitan, Nepal based on judgemental
sampling viz; Bharatpur hospital, BP Koirala memorial cancer hospital , college of medical
science and Chitwan medical college building.

A study revealed that fire safety preparedness was not a priority in hospitals , all hospital
building were designed following national building codes. Both private and public hospitals,
practically every one of them uncover a similar degree of readiness , staffs were found aware
about the general component of structure but lacked awareness on emergency procedure.

This research complements the existing building code requirements and fire safety
implementations especially for hospital building as Nepal is not having specific provisions for
hospital fire safety.

2.8 LITERATURE REVIEW 8

Principles for the sustainable design of hospital buildings.

October 2022, International journal of sustainable development and planning.

Authors – Ebtisam Sameer, Alsawaf Amjad, M. Albadry

This study focused on studying the components and principles of sustainable design for hospital
building and the environmental and economics, health and social benefits of sustainable
developments in the healthcare industry. In addition to the research objective, which is to build
a model as a guide to guide health care officials interested in applying sustainable design
principles in hospital design, to achieve an ideal sustainable hospital. To achieve this goal a
comprehensive theoretical framework was built by adopting a descriptive and analytical
approach and extracting the most important vocabulary and effective indicators for sustainable
design in hospital.

13
 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Design is not just a computational analysis, creativity should also be included. Art is skill
acquired as the result of knowledge and practice. Design of structures as thought courses tends
to consist of guessing the size of members required in a given structure and analyzing them in
order to check the resulting stresses and deflection against limits set out in codes of practice.
Structural Design can be seen as the process of disposing material in three dimensional spaces
so as to satisfy some defined purpose in the most efficient possible manner.

The project has been divided into five main phases:

Phase A: Studying the architectural drawing of the industrial building.

Phase B: Position and Dimension of columns and structural floor plans.

Phase C: Modelling and Analysing structure using STAAD Pro.

Phase D: Design Building Structural members using STAAD Pro and Microsoft Excel.

3.2 SOFTWARE USED

Plan View – AutoCAD 2020-2022

Analysis – STAAD Pro.

Member Design – STAAD Pro.

Footing Design – STAAD Foundation

Slab Design – MS Excel

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3.3 PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

Private and general wards

• It should be located at the back to ensure quiteness and freedom from unwanted visitors
and also the distance travelled by the nurse from bed area is minimum.
• Ward area is specified as 7 square metre per bed.
• Center to center spacing of bed should be minimum 2.25 m and 200 mm clear spacing
between wall and bed.
• In private wards the area should be 14 square meter minimum and toilet area should be of
3.5 meter square minimum.

Nurse station
It is such located that nurse can keep a continuous watch over the patients and serve all the
clinics from that place conveniently.

X-ray room
Should be closer to radiology or test laboratory and a storage room be there to store the plaster
and related materials.

ICU
• Should located near the operation theatre as well as nurse station.
• It should have 2-5% of total medical and surgical patients and number of beds should not
be less than 4 or should not be greater than 12.

Operation theatre
Should be such located to keep away from unwanted noise and a particular preparation room
should be there.

Doctor office
Doctors office located near to the related units for faster communication and to take care for
patient time to time.

15
Floor height
Room height should not be less than3meter measured at any point from the surface of the floor
to the lower point of ceiling .in case of bottom of beam, fans and lights shall be 2.5 meter
measured vertical under such beam fan or light.

Opening
Opening of rooms for natural lightening or air excluding door with frames should not be less
than 20% of floor area.
The doors should be openable on both side in operation theatre while inside at other places.

3.4 IMPROVEMENTS THROUGH ARCHITECTURE

Nature And Light

The view or perception of nature brings the patient a sense of calm and reduces stress levels

Safety

Safe environment not only re- duces stress and gives the patient his calm, but also avoids
unnecessary risks or complications.

Social Service

is an important factor for the patient to feel at ease during his stay.

Positive Distraction

Elements like art and activities helps to escape the "hospital" environment which would serve
as a break in the routine.

Noise

Its reduction affects not just the patients, but also helps the staff communicate and translate in
a unerring way.

Air

Air borne diseases is a serious issue since it plays a major role in extended stays due to new
complications.

16
Control
It is an important factor for the patient to feel at ease during his stay.

3.5 PLANNING ASPECTS

Location-
• Quiet environment.
• Away from traffic.
• Away from contamination & cross infection.
• Close proximity to Emergency, OT, Recovery rooms, and nursing units.
• Closer to vertical transportation.
• Isolated from traffic & noisy area.
• Away from contamination & cross infection.
• At close proximity to Emergency / cathlab.
• Dedicated lift & dumb waiter to CSSD.

Considerations

• Segregation of clean & dirty traffic.

• Sub-zone to ensure sterility.
• Triple corridor system -Dirty / Clean/ Sterile.
• Separation of movements -Doctors/staff / patients / materials.
• Unidirectional air flow (clean to unclean).
• Selection of good materials
• Sharing of sub sterile /scrub / sluice with other or with hatch opening.
• Isolation rooms for air borne diseases.
• Step down ICU or HDU.
• Double corridor system-Outer corridor & sterile corridor.
• Centralized nursing station ICU.

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Zones

Zones are area of varying degrees of cleanliness in which the bacteriological count
progressively diminishes from the outer to the inner zones (operating area and is maintained
by a differential decreasing positive pressure ventilation gradient from the inner zone to the
outer zone. They are of following types.
I. Protective Zone:
• Reception
• Waiting area
• Trolley bay
• Changing room
II. Sterile Zone.
• Operating Suite
• Scrub Room
• Anesthesia Induction room.
• Set up Room
Ill. Clean Zone
• Pre-op room
• Recovery room
• Plaster room
• Staff room
• Store
IV. Disposal Zone.
• Dirty Utility
• Disposal corridor
The essential principles that should be followed in planning the physical layout of operating
room suite are.
- Exclusion of contamination from outside the suite with proper traffic patterns within the suite
and separation of clean areas from contaminated areas within the suite.
- A scientific and detailed planning is required while designing an OT in order to ensure its
smooth functioning, efficiency and effective utilization.

Infection Control
It is important to have an infection free atmosphere.
• Defined Circulation Corridors-
Identified corridors for-staffs/ doctors / patients &materials

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 • Staffs/ Doctors

a. Shoe change area

b. Slippers & Dress change room

• Patients

a. Separate transfer area (Change over of stretchers)

b. Transfer zone links Pre - operative areas

• Materials

a. Exclusive transportation route

b. Handling Clean/ Dirty materials

c. Connectivity of functions

3.6 DESIGN LOAD CONSIDERATION

Since our Trauma Centre model is of single storey, hence all these design forces will act on
ground floor and hence the roof slab will be designed for an floor load of 2 kn/m square and
consequently all members will be designed on the basis of member force generated by this
load.

DESCRIPTION UDL(kn/m) CONCENTRATED LOAD

Preparation room / Dressing room 2 1.8

/ wards
Laboratories 3 4.5
Dining room 3 2.7
Toilet and Bath 2 0
X-ray, Operation room 3 4.5

19
3.7 SPECIFICATION RELATED TO PLANNING AND DESIGNING

3.7.1 Specification of detailed plan

o Wall size: 230 mm/9 inch

o Parapet wall size :100 mm/4 inch
o Plan area - 66.235x26.9𝑚2
o Door type - double panel doors, single panel.
o Window types- fixed window, single and double panel window with glass.
o Height of plan from ground floor -3.66 m
o Height of parapet wall-1 m
o Waiting area- 13.89*9.335 𝑚2
o Entrance width - 5.27 m.

3.7.2 Member design specification

o Concrete grade M25
o Steel grade fe415

3.7.3 Foundation design specification –

some of the design specification provided in STAAD foundation are as follows :-
o All footings are supposed to be fixed support.
o Design combination provided from Indian standard code in STAAD foundation.
o Friction coefficient taken- 0.5
o Factor of safety against sliding - 1.5
o Factor of safety against overturning-1.5
o Bottom clear cover -50 mm
o Unit weight of soil -22 kn/𝑚2
o Soil bearing capacity - 150 kn/𝑚2
o Depth of water table -10 m
o Concrete grade - M25
o Steel grade - Fe415
o Unit weight of concrete -25 kn/𝑚2
o Minimum spacing of bar – 100 mm
o Maximum spacing of bar – 300 mm

20
o Minimum bar size – 6 mm
o Maximum bar size- 32 mm

Feed the data of frame into the computer. The beam and column layouts were fixed using
AutoCAD. Modelling was done using software STAAD Pro. V8i. Dead loads and Live loads
calculated as per IS codes and their combinations were applied on the Space frame.

Analyse the frame for the input data and obtain analysis output. From the analysis various load
combinations were taken to obtain the maximum design loads, moments and shear on each
member.

3.8 MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF THE BUILDING

Structural analysis, which is an integral part of any engineering project, is the process of
predicting the performance of a given structure under a prescribed loading condition. The
performance characteristics usually of interest in structural design are:

1. Stress or stress resultant (axial forces, shears and bending moments)

2. Deflections

3. Support reactions

Thus the analysis of a structure typically involves the determination of these quantities caused
by the given loads and / or the external effects. Since the building frame is three dimensional
frames i.e. a space frame, manual analysis is tedious and time consuming. Hence the structure
is analyzed with STAAD.Pro. In order to analyze in STAAD.Pro, we have to first generate the
model geometry, specify member properties, specify geometric constants and specify supports
and loads. Modelling consists of structural discretization, member property specification,
giving support condition and loading.

3.9 MODEL CREATION

By creating a model in STAAD Pro. with the help of nodes we have analyzed the whole structure by
applying standard loads and also by giving material specification as per IS 456:2000.

21
We have also designed, concrete and foundation design of our model after completing proper analysis
without any error.

Fig 2

TOP VIEW OF MODEL.

Fig 3

22
FRONT VIEW OF MODEL.

Fig 4

SIDE VIEW OF MODEL.

Fig 5

23
 FOOTING / SUPPORT

Fig 6

3D RENDERING VIEW OF MODEL.

FOOTING / SUPPORT

Fig 7

24
3.10 DESIGN OF SLAB

Designing of slab has been done using theoretical formulas with the help of
M.S. excel by preparing sheets, which is shown below…

Design of one way slab

25
Design of two way slab

26
3.11 APPLIED LOAD ON MODEL

Fig 8 Applied UDL on Main Beam

Fig 9 Applied UDL on Plinth Beam

27
 Fig 10 Applied Self Weight on Model

Fig 11 Applied Floor Load on Slab

28
 CHAPTER 4

PLANNING AND DESIGN RESULT

4.1 DESIGN RESULT

• DETAILED PLAN
• DIFFERENT VIEW OF MODEL
• COLUMN DESIGN PLAN
• FOOTING DESIGN PLAN
• MAIN BEAM PLAN
• PLINTH BEAM PLAN
• PLATE / SLAB PLAN

4.2 DETAILED PLAN –

• Firstly we studied about various planning considerations and specifications using is code
12433 (2)-2001 and based upon it we decided our plot area and prepared our line diagram
of trauma centre building, thereafter corresponding room locations and area requirement
for core areas were decided and we created detailed diagram of trauma centre building.

29
LINE DIAGRAM OF TRAUMA CARE CENTRE.

Fig. 12 Line Diagram of Trauma Care Centre.

30
 DETAILED PLAN

Fig. 13 Detailed Plan

31
Fig. 14 Detail Of Windows And Doors

32
33
4.3 DIFFERENT VIEW OF MODEL

Using AutoCAD software, we prepared different views of Trauma Center model which
include section view, side view, elevation view.

Fig .15 Section view

34
Fig no. 16 Elevation view

35
Fig no. 17 Side view

36
4.4 COLUMN DESIGN PLAN

The design plan of column shows the location of columns to be provided and their
reinforcement and sectional data, in our result , overall 7 types of column is provided to fulfill
the economy considerations.

Fig no. 18 Detailed Column Plan

37
Fig no. 19 Column Plan

38
Fig no. 20 Typical Section View

39
Fig no. 21 Reinforcement Detail of Column

40
4.5 MAIN BEAM PLAN
This clarifies the location and sectional data of each primary and secondary beams provided

Fig no.22 Detailed Plan of Main Beam

41
Fig no.23 Reinforcement Detail of Main Beam.

42
Fig no. 24 Main Beam Plan

43
Fig no. 25 Typical Section View

44
4.6 PLINTH BEAM PLAN

This shows the location & sectional data of primary & secondary beam provided at plinth
level.

Fig no. 26 Detailed Plan of Plinth Beam

45
Fig no.27 Plinth Beam Plan

46
Fig no. 28 Reinforcement Detail of Main Beam.

47
4.7 FOUNDATION DESIGNING

• After completion of beam design we have design the foundation with the help of STAAD
FOUNDATION.
• We have design the isolated footing for all the fixed supports.
• Since at the expansion joint the columns were spaced so closely that the foundations were
overlapping at each other so, we have taken resultant reaction on foundation .
• At the section of expansion joint we have again designed isolated type of footing for both
sides of support.
• We have given appropriate specification for designing of isolated footing.
• We have also given load combination for designing of isolated foundation.

This shows the location of each footing and their size and corresponding reinforcement detail.

48
Fig no.29 Detailed Plan of Footing.

49
Fig no.30 Footing Plan

50
Fig no.31 Reinforcement Detail of Footing.

51
4.8 PLATE / SLAB PLAN-

The design of slab is done by MS. Excel software.

Fig 32 Detailed Plan of Slab

52
Fig.33 Reinforcement Detail of Slab.

53
Fig. 34 Plan of Slab

54
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

We have successfully analysed and designed our Trauma Care Center Model. Under the
guidance of Prof. Aditya Singh sir, we have faced so many technical mistakes, errors, warnings
etc. but after tackled all of this, we have successfully designed our model without any errors.
We have also tried our best to prepare different plan views including section views. In this
duration of our project we have further developed our technical skills in STAAD Pro. and
AutoCAD, which is very essential for the completion of our project. We have also gained
further understanding of different plans, structural elements. We have tried our best to provide
every small detail for the completion of Trauma Care Model.

55
 SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK

The organization of a trauma system has four impact pillars, organization of pre-hospital care
facilities, hospital networking, communication systems, and organization of in hospital care
(acute care and definitive care). An integrated approach is required at all levels, human
resources (staffing and training), physical resources (infrastructure, equipment, and supplies)
and the process (organization and administration).

Compared to the western world, the trauma care services in India lack each of the elements
listed above. Most of the physical resources for in-hospital care in terms of infrastructure and
equipment are already available at secondary and tertiary care hospitals and need moderate
upgrades.

Therefore, the thrust areas in the field of trauma services are as follows.
1. Provide physical resources for pre-hospital care and communication systems.
2. Provide well-trained staff at all levels of care from pre-hospital to definitive trauma care.
3. Providers should be well trained and should understand the critical needs of a trauma victim.
4. Organize and integrate pre-hospital services with definitive care facilities (hospital) so that
a patient is shifted to an appropriate facility in the shortest possible time.
More than providing the best patient care facilities, the role of this apex trauma center has been
envisaged as an apex research and training institution that will help the nation's administrators
formulate policies regarding the organization of trauma care facilities throughout the count

56
 GALLERY

Fig 35 presentation Day

Fig 36 presentation
........................ on major
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defined. 57
 Fig37 Guidance by Mrs. Tanuja mam

Fig 38 Taking guidance from Mrs, Juhita madam.

58
Fig 39 Taking guidance from mrs, juhita madam.

59
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. IS: 875 (Part 1)-1987, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Design
Loads (Other than earthquake) for Building and Structures, Bureau of
Indian Standards, New Delhi.

2. IS: 875 (Part 2)-1987, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Design
Loads (Other than earthquake) for Building and Structures, Bureau of
Indian Standards, New Delhi.

3. IS 456:2000, Indian standardPlain nd reinforced concrete Code of

Practice,

4. Bureau of Indian standard, 2000, New Delhi.

5. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=archite
ctural+design+of+hospital+building&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=16834471
24970&u=%23p%3Db53SQJ7ORs0J

6. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=structu
ral+design+of+hospital+building&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=16836435694
06&u=%23p%3DpljjDnE45QoJ

7. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41062-020-00453-1

8. https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?journal=Health+Sciences
+J&title=hospital+design:+Room+for+improvement&author=B+Lawso
n&author=M+Phin&volume=110&publication_year=2000&pages=24-
6&#d=gs_qabs&t=1683442998278&u=%23p%3DQx9AlQ4fadAJ

9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776365/

60