Dr Sudhir Chandra Sur Institute of Technology and Sports Complex

CA 2 Assignment
Topic Name Gamma & Beta Function
Subject Mathematics
Subject Code: - BS-M101

Submitted by Debayan Maiti

University Roll no
Registration No
Section A
Roll No 51
Year 1st year (2023-24)
Semester 1st sem
Stream CSE ( Computer Science & Engineering)
 Gamma & Beta Function

 Beta Function : In most cases, beta functions are calculated using an

approximation approach. One example is perturbation theory, in which
the coupling parameters are assumed to be modest. The higher-order
terms can then be truncated by expanding the coupling parameters’
powers (also known as higher loop contributions, due to the number of
loops in the corresponding Feynman graphs). The coupling grows with
rising energy scales, and QED becomes highly coupled at high energy,
according to this beta function. In fact, at some limited energy, the
coupling appears to become infinite, resulting in a Landau pole.
However, with sufficient coupling, the perturbative beta function is
unlikely to produce accurate findings, therefore the Landau pole is most
likely an artefact of using perturbation theory in a setting where it is no
longer applicable.
 Euler and Legendre were the first to study the Beta function, which was
given its name by Jacques Binet. After adjusting indices, the beta
function can denote a binomial coefficient, much as the gamma function
for integers does. Gabriele Veneziano proposed the beta function as the
first known scattering amplitude in string theory. In the theory of the
preferential attachment process, a sort of stochastic urn process, it also
appears. The incomplete beta function is a generalisation of the beta
function in which the beta function’s definite integral is replaced with an
indefinite integral. The incomplete gamma function is equivalent to the
gamma function being a generalisation of the gamma function in this
circumstance.

Applications of Beta Function : Many features of the strong nuclear force are
described by the beta function. In time management difficulties, the beta
function is used to determine the average time of performing chosen tasks. In
the preferential attachment process, the stochastic scattering process and beta
function are used. A preferential attachment process is one in which a
particular amount of something is divided among persons based on how much
of it they already have.
Gamma function : Both maple and mathematica are aware of the gamma
function. It’s GAMMA in maple; if you write it in all capital letters, it’ll be
GAMMA. The variable name gamma is still available. The variable name
gamma is designated for the Euler-Mascheroni constant and is not available in
Maple. A decimal quantity is analyzed as a gamma function with any decimal
parameter. In probability theory, the gamma and beta functions are extremely
useful. The gamma distribution is one of the most prevalent probability
distributions on the positive real line. One of the extensions of the factorial
function is the gamma function, often known as the second-order Euler
integral. The gamma function is one of a group of functions that can be defined
most easily using a definite integral. The factorial function is typically extended
to complex numbers using the gamma function. With the exception of non-
positive integers, it’s given for all complex numbers.

Uses of Gamma Function : Calculus, differential equations, complex analysis,

and statistics all use the gamma function in some way. While the gamma
function behaves like a factorial when applied to natural numbers, which are a
discrete set, its application to positive real numbers, which are a continuous
set, makes it ideal for modelling scenarios involving continuous change. While
the gamma function behaves like a factorial when applied to natural numbers,
which are a discrete set, its application to positive real numbers, which are a
continuous set, makes it ideal for modelling scenarios involving continuous
change.

Formula of Gamma & Beta function :

Formula of Beta Function :

Formula of Gamma function :

Formula of Beta and Gamma Function :

Some Problems about Gamma and Beta Function :

Example 1