L TP C

708MEP07 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND 1

3
ANALYSIS LABORATORY

ORIECTIVES:
Tounderstand and handle design problems in asystematic manner.
TOgain practical experience in bandlinganalysis in various components
using software
Systems.
Tounderstand the concepts analysis and modeling systems.
To expose students to modern procedure of modeling systems
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
A SIMULATION
Simulation of Air conditioning system with condenser temperature and evaporator
temperatures as input to get COP using CIMAT Lab.
Simulation of Hydraulic /Pneumatic cylinder using C/ MAT Lab.
Simulation of camand follower mechanism using C/MAT Lab.
B 37
ANALYSIS(SIMPLE TREATMENT ONLY)
1. Stress analysis ofa plate with a circular hole.
2. Stress analysis of rectangular L bracket
3. Stress analysis of an axi-symmetric component
4. Stress analysis of beams (Cantilever, Simply supported, Fixed ends)
5. Mode frequency analysis of a 2 Dcomponent
6. Mode frequency analysis of beams (Cantilever, Simply supported, Fixed ends)
7. Harmonic analysis of a 2D component
8. Thermal stress analysis of a 2D component
9. Conductive heat transfer analysis of a 2D component
10. Convective heat transfer analysis ofa 2D component
TOTAL45 HRS
 ADHIYAMAAN coLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), HOSUR

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

708MEP09- COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS

LABORATORY

Analysis (Simple Treatment only)

I. Stress analysis of beams(Cantilever, Simply supported &Fixed ends)
2. Stress analysis of a plate with acircular hole.
3. Stress analysis of rectangular L bracket
4. Stress analysis ofan axi-symmetriccomponent
5. Mode frequency analysis of a 2Dcomponent
6. Mode frequency analysis of beams (Cantilever, Simply Supported, Fixed
ends)
7. Harmonic analysis of a 2D component
8. Thermal stress analysis of a 2D component
9. Conductive heat transfer analysis of a 2D component
10.Convective heat transfer analysis of a 2D component

Simulation

11.Simulation of Air conditioning system with condenser temperature and

evaporator temperatures as input to get COP usingC MAT Lab.
12.Simulation of Hydraulic / Pneumatic cylinder using C /MAT Lab.
13.Simulation of camand follower mechanism using C/MAT Lab.
 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Mechanical Engineering
AN QVERVIEWOFFEM

3.1 INTRODUCTION

iually cvery phenomenon in nature whether biological, geological or mechanical can be

ved with the aid of laws of physics, In lerms of algchraic. differential of integral cquations relating
ousquantities of interest. Analyses of physical phenomena are involved with two major lasks.

a) Mathematical formulation of
physical process
b) Numerical analysis of the mathematical model.

The mathematical formulations of aphysical process require background in related subjects. The
Tomulations result in mathematical statementsofen'differential equations, relating quantities of interest
In understanding and design of the physical pfocess. Development of mathematical modelof a process is
aehieved through assumptions concerning how the process works. The derivation of governing equations
Tor complex problems is not, unduly difficult: Their solution by'exact analysis is a tedious job. An
analytical solution, which is-in the fom of a mathemalical-expression, ives the values of desired
unknown quantities at any location inthe body. Analytical solution can be obtained only for simplified
and idealized situations. For problems involving complex material properties, complex geometry and
| boundary conditions, it becomes difficult to analyze. n such cases approximate methods of analyses
provides alternative means of finding solutions.
ENGINEERING

ADIARAMA
Among these fijiite difference methods'and variational methods,aremost frequently used. The
variational methods for exámple Rayleigh-Ritz method and Galarkin method differ from cach other in the
choice of integral orm weight function and approximation method. The finite element method

overcomes disadvantages of the traditional variational methods by providing a systematic procedure for
the derivative of the approximation functions over sub-regions of the domain. This method is endowed
with three basic features that accounts for its superiority over other competing methods.

First ageometrically complex domain of the problem is represented as a collection of

geometrically simple sub domains, called finite elements. Second, over such elements the approximation
function is derived using basic idea that any continuous function can be represented by linear
combination of algebraic polynomials.

Third, the lgebraic relations among the undetermined coefficients ie.,nodal values are obtained
by satisfying the governing equation over each element. Thus the finite element method is, viewed as an
0C A0A CÔAAOLTCD ANcO CIA AL | ATINAI AAI AALA
IVCICADOoATODV
 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of.Mechanical Engineering

element wise application of Raylcigh-Ritz method. This approach is going from whole to part and part
to whole. The analysis proccdure is thereby simplified. The amount of data to be handled is dependc
upon the number of smaller bodies into which the original body is divided.

these
Since the majority of the application of this method in the realm of solid mechanics,
problems are tackled by one of the three approaches.

1. The displacements method: Displacement are assumed as the primary unknown quantities.
1. The cquilibrium method: Stresses are assumed as primary unknown quantitics.
I. The mixed method: Some displacements and stresses are assumed as unknown quantities.

3.2 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

differential equations
Finite element analysis is a numerical nethod used to transform the
algebraic equations
developed inthe static and dynamic ahalyses of acontinuum to aset of simultaneous
description of the FE method
after discretizing the continuum into inite elements. A more sophisticated
quantity such as
regards it as piecewise polynonial interpolation. That is, ovet an'element, a field
displacement is interpolated trom values of the field quantity at nodes. By connecting elements together.
as many
the field quantity becomes interpolatèd over the entire struçture u,n plecewise fashion, by
those that
polynomial expressions as there are elements, The best values of the field quantity at nodes are
minimize some function such as total,enrgy.

3.3 WHAT EXACTLY0S FEA?

ADAMAAR
FEA is a discipline, which allows the numerical solution of governing physical equations over
complicated geometricdomains. The method is regularly applied to the structural analysis of designs with
simple and complex geometry.

The part being analyzed is divided into many small regions called finite elements". The physical
behavior withineach element is understood in concise mathematical terms. Assemblage of all elements
behavior produces a large matrix equation, which is solved for the quantity of interest, e.g. the
deformation due to a maximum loading condition. Additional quantities, such as stresses, are then
computed.

OAL AAIO AAIAI VCIC LÀOÔDATODV

R
 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Departneñt of Mechanical Engineering
Commercial FEA packages are usually used: to insulate the user from the substantial
POgramming required performing even a simple analysis. Still, obtaining an accurate result trom any
Package requires an expericnced engineer FEA Can. and will., deliver incorrect results to the
ihexperienced user., who will then make important desien decisions bascd on this false
information.
3.4 BASICCONCEPTS OF
FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
> Fullfield is divided into
finite number of elements.
Knowing the behavior of one/many clements one can predict the
It is to predict the behavior of
assemblage.
individual elements under load.
> Minimnum potential energy
principle is used to evaluate element stifiness.
Independent of the problem to be solved, stiffness of the element can be obtained.

3.5 STEPS INVOLVED IN FINITE

ELEMENT ANALYSIS
The following are the six steps involved in FEM.
1)Discretization of the
continuum.
2) Selection of the
displacement models.
3)Derivation of the element stiffness
matrix.
4) Assemblage of the algebraiceuations for the
overall discfetized continuum.
5) Computation of the element strains and
stresses from the nodal displacments.
RING
TNGINIE
3.6 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OFFEM
ADVANTAGES

1) FEM permits greater flexibility in considering

2) FEM not only accommodates complex
continuum of complex shapes.
geometry and boundary conditions but it has also proven
successful in representing various types of complicated
material properties that are difficult to
incorporate into other numerical methods.
3) FEM readily accounts for
different materials.
non-homogeneity by a simple tactic of assigning different properties to
4) The systematic generality of the FEM
makes it a powerful and versatile tool for a
problems. As a result flexible wide range of
5) general-purpose
The FEM programs developed for one computer programs can be constructed.
field of engineering can be employed for
engincering little or no
with other fields of
modifications.
 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
.Department of Mechonical Engineering
6) Though the solution obtaincd by FEM is at diserete node noints. it can be extended to all locations
of the body.
system and critical
7) reM can be employed as a powerful design tool to detect any flaws in the
points even before the actual installation of the system.
8) FEM can also beemployed for non-engineering applications.

LIMITATIONS
A Tew complex phenomenons are accommodated adequately by FEM at its current stage ol
development. The accuracy of this method relies mainly on coefficients and material properties, which
descr1ibe the basic phenomenon, Even the most efficient FEM computer codes require a relatively large
to
amount of computer memory and time. Hence, this method is limited to those who have access
relatively large and high-speed computers.The process of discretization is tedious one and is likely
SOurce of error. Though this process can-be automated., efror, free input data cannot be obtained, as it
requires intuitive judgment by thÁ analyst: The large volume of solution information generated by FEM
will be worthwhile only when its, generation and implementation are tempered by proper engineering
|judgment.

3.7COMPUTER IMPLEMENTATION
The success of the finite elemènt method is.largely due to the case with which it can be
implemented in digital çofnpuiet, For differeht !eometries,LNGINTS
boundarydnd initialconditions and problen
data, simply supplying jhe required inpur datá to-the proram, one can solve aspecific problem from the
general case.
The general finite elernent program consists of three basic steps:
> Pre processing
Processing
> Post processing

PRE-PROCESSING

Goals of preprocessing are to develop an appropriate finite element mesh, assign suitable
properties, and apply boundary conditions in the form of restraints and loads. 1be finite e
subdivides the geometry into elements, upon which are found nodes. The nodes, which are just
location in space, are generally located at the element corners and near cach mid side node.
 ENGINEERING
ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF
Engineering
Deportment of Mechanical

threc-dimensional elements. The 2D elements can be plane

There may be two-dimensional of
solid analysis, the elements haVe pnysiea
Stress axISMmetrnc and plane strain conditions and for a 3)
assigned at the nodes. Solid
thickness in all the three dimensions. The model's degree of frecdom is
freedom ner node whereas 2d elements have tvo
elements generally have threc translational deoree of
depends on class of analysis. rOr
translationaldegrecof frecdom per node The assionment of DOF also
temperature degrees of freedom exists at eacin oe
a themal analysis, only one temperature or many
Developing a mesh is most tinne consuming work in FEA.

The first maps arectangular

The geometry is meshed with mapping algorithm or free algorithm.
automatiCally
onto a geometric region, which must bave the correct number of sides. Free meshing
gnd
disadvantages is of distorted elements. Material
subdivides meshing regions into elements casymeshine, modulus,
vary with the type of solution. Alincar static analysis willrequire an elastic
properties required
Poisson's ratio for each material.

SOLUTION

and are
ptocess. The governing equations are-a[sembled into matrix form
Solution is abatch
on the type of analysis, but also on the
depends not only
solved numerically. The assembly process,
properties and boundary conditions.
model's element types and properties, material

structural analysis, the assembled equátion is of the form (K) {d} = {f}.
In case of linear static CE,ENGI
fo eceANShÅtbda degree of freedom displacement vector, and ()
where [K] is the system, stiffness
respect to the nodal DOF
Applying principle of potential energy with
is the applied nodal load vector.
summation of element stiffness integrals, multiplied by nodal displacement
vector to zero, resulting in a matrix.
load integrals. Each stiffness integral results in an element stiffness
vector, equals summation of
stiffness matrix, and summation of load integrate yields the applied load
which sum to produce global
vector, resulting in [K]{d} = {f}.

POST-PROCESSING

with a thorough check for problems that may have occurred during
Post-processing begins
may
solution is verified to be free of numerical problems, the quantitative of interest
solution. Once the form
display options are available, the choice of which depends on the mathematical
be examined. Many
physical meaning. For example, the displacement of solid linear brick
of the quantity as well as its displayed
component spatial vector, and the model's overall displacement is often
element's node is a 3
ALA IADODAT0V
ITCO AIOCO CIA
AAC 4 AOA COA ADI
 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Mechonical Engineering

by superimposing the defomed shape over the underforned shape. Dynamic viewing and animation
capabilities aid greatly inobtaining an understanding of the deformation pattern. Stresses, being ensor
quantities, currently lack asingle visualization technique, and thus derived stress quantities are exiracied
and displayed. Principle stress vectors may be displayed as color-coded arrows, indicating hoth direetion
and magnitude. Von Mises stress may be isplaved on the model as colored bands. Displacement
magnitude may also be displayed by color bands, but this can lead to misinterpretation as a stresspiot.

3.8 A NOTE ON ANSYS 10.0

Ansys 10.0 is front end commercial software extensively used for stress and modal analysis. Ine
AnSys program has many Finite Element Analysis canabilities, ranging from a simple. linear-static
analysis to a complex, nonlinear transient dónamc ahnalýsis. Atypical Ansys analysis has three distinct
steps:
1 Build the model: PRE-PROCESSOR.to definite the element types, element real constants,
material properties, and the model geometry.
2 Apply boundary conditions and obtain the solution: SOLUTION processor used to define the
finite
analysis type and analysis options, apply loads, specify Joad step options, and initiate the
element solution.

3. Review the results: Once the solution has been calculated, user can use the Ansys POST
PROCESSOR to review the résu<ts.
AHAYAMAAN ENGJNEERIN

ANSYS Capabilities Includes

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

There are several types of structural analysis capabilities in Ansys product, which includes
both
Static Analysis: Used to determine displacements, stresses, etc., under static loading conditions for
linear and nonlinear static analyses. Nonlinearities can include plasticity, stress stiffening, large
deflection., large strain, hyper elasticity, contact surfaces, and creep.

Modal Analysis: Used to calculate the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a structure. Different
mode extraction methods are available.

time-varying
Transient Dynamic Analysis: Used to determine the response of a structure to arbitrarily
loads. Allnon-linearity mentioned under Static Analysis above are allowed.

CIA AI IL AS AALAT VCIC IADOO ATOOV

AAC 1 ANA rOA ADi ITCD AINCN
 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Mechanical Engiñeertng
Fracture mechanics: Solving a fracture mechanjcs problem involves performing a linear elastic or
clastic-plastic static analysis and then using specialized post processing commands to calculate desired
fracture parameters. There are two main aspects of this procedure:
Modeling the Crack Region
Calculating Fracture Parameters
Composites: Composites are somewhat more difficult to modelthan an isotropic materialsuch as Iron or
steel. Speccial care to be taken in definingthe properties and orientations of the various layers, since eacn
|layer may have different orthotropic material properties. Following are the aspects of building a
composite model:
Choosing the proper element type
Defining the layered configuration
Specifying failure criteria

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

ANSTS products provide çomprehensive tools for analyzing two-dimensional and three-dimensional
fluid flow fields. Examples include
Complex, three-dimensional flow patterns in a pipe bend,
Calculating the gas pressue and temperatore distributions/in an engine exhaust manifold, etc.

THERMAL ANALYSIS

Thermal simulations play an important role in the design of many engineering applications, including
and electronic components. In
internal combustion engines, turbines, heat exhangers, piping
ANAA
many cases, engineers föllow a thermalf analysiswith Stréss analysis-to caleulate
thermal stresses (that
is, stresses caused býthermal expansions orcontractions).
3.9 A NOTE ON FRONTAL SOLVER

performs the
The frontal solver does not assemble the complete global matrix. Instead, Ansys
method works as
assembly and solution steps simultaneously as the solver processes each element. The
follows:
After the individual element matrices are calculated, the solver reads in the degrees of freedom
(DOF)for the first element.
of the other DOF.
The program eliminates any degrees of freedom that can be expressed in terms
eliminated and a
This process repeats for all elements until all degrees of freedom have been
complete triangularized matrix is left.
The program then calculates the nodal DOF solution by back substitution
and uses the individual
element matrices to calculate the element solution.
 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Mechanieal Engineering

Element stiffness typed data

Element stiffness program

Element stiffness matrix

Stiffness matrix with respect to global co-ordinates

Assembled stiffness matrix

Nodal forces Reduced stiffness matrix

Structure displacements
ENGINEKAING

Element displacements

Element stresses

Figure 3.1 Flow Diagram for the Finite Element Analysis

 ENGINEERING
ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF
Department.of MethanicalEngineering
Ex. No.: Date:

Stress Analysis of Beams with Point Load

Aim:
Determine the displacement, bending stress, max, shear force and bending moment with diagram
for the given beams with point load and compare with theoretical results

RiIMAMAAR ENGINEERING

3AOA COA ADI ITCD AINEn GIN AIII ATINAT

AAIO AALATY
 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Mechanical Engineering

ANSYS Procedure:

Preference ’ Structural

Preproccssor Element type -’ Add -’ Add ’ Beam 3

’ Real Constant ’ Add Area, Moment of Inertia and Height
Poisson's Ratio
Modulus and
’ Material Propertics ’ Isotropic-’ Young's CS ’ Enter the key points
Modeling ’ Create ’ Key points - In active
Pick the key points
’ Create ’ Line - Straight line Size
’ Global ’
’ Meshing ’ Size control ’ Manual size
’ Mesh ’ Line ’ Pick the line
’ Loads ’ New analysis Analysis type ’ Static
Pick the node ’ Apply
’ Apply ’ Displacement On node ’ dof to be constraincd
’ select the
Apply
On node ’ Pick the node ’
’ Apply ’ Force/Moment Enter the load value in FY direction
’

Solution ’ Solve ’ Current LS

General
Nodal'solution DOF solution USUM
Postprocessor ’ Plot results 1
table- Define table Add’ By sequence num ’NMISC
’ Elenment ’ Apply
+ Bysequence num ’ NMISC 2
’ Apply
sequence numbers
(Repeat the above step and add the
SMISC 2, SMISC 6, SMISC 8 and SMISC12)
result NMISClon I"node and
Enter
element
’ Plot results ’Line NMISC3 on J" node
EnterSMISC 2 on " node and
Lineelement result
’ Plot results SMISC 8 on J node
node and
results ’ Lineelement result ’ Enter SMISC6 on I"J node
Plot ruÉNESMISC12 on

+ATYASAAN
simply supported
COLLEGE E
beam.and fixed- fixed beam with
(Repeat the above steps for constant, material property and loads)
apply the corre_poding real
point load and

Result:
below
carried out and the results are given
Thus the analysis were Max. Bending
Max. Shear Fore
Max. Bending Stress Moment (Unit:
Deflection (Unit: % ot
(Unit: % of
Typeof (Unit: % of Theory Ansys Erru
% of Theory Ansys Error
Theory Ansys Error
Beam Theory Ansys Error

Cantilever

Simply
Supported
Fixed -
Fixed
 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
i*Department of Mechanical Engineering
Ex. No.: Date:

Stress Analysis of Beams with Uniformly Distributed Load

Aim:
Determine the displacement, bending stress, max, shear force and bending moment with diagram
for the given beams with udl and compare with theoretical results.

Problem Definition:
al. Cantilever beam with point load at the free end

Theoretical Calculations:

ENGINEERING

AONINAMAAN COLLEGE OF

ALATIOAL AAIO AA
A VCIC AOOO ATOV
 ENGINEERING
ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF
Engineering
Department of Mechanical

ANSYS Prpcedure:

Preference ’ Structural

Preprocessor ’ Element tyvpe ’ Add - Add Bcam 3

’ Real Constant ’ Add Arca. Momcnt of Inertia and Hcight
*Material Propertics Isotropic ’ Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio
key points
’Modeling - Create - Kev points In active CS ’ Enter the
Pick the key points
’ Creatc ’ Line ’ Straight line ’
- Meshing ’ Size control Manual size ’ Global - Size
’ Mesh Line - Pick the line
Static
’ Loads - New analysis ’ Analysis type ’ Pick the node ’ Apply
Apply ’ Displacement ’ On node ’ dof to be constrained
’ select the
bcam -’ Apply
’Apply ’ Pressure -’ On beam ’ Pick the
’ Enter the load value

Solution ’ Solve ’ Current LS

General
Postprocessor Plot resúlts Nodalsolution DOF solution ’ USUM
sequence num ’ NMISC I
Elemenn table - Define table ’ Add By
Apply NMISC2
sequence num ’
By
’ Apply
numbers
(Repeatthe above step and add the sequence 12)
SMISC
SMISC 2, SMIZC6. SMISC8 and
Enter NMISC 1on I" node and
’ Plot results ’Line element result NMISC 3onJ"node
Enter SMISC2 on I" node and
’ Plot results Line element result SMISC 8 on Jnode
’ Enter SMISC6 on I" node and
Plot results ’Line element result ruGNE-SMISC 12 on Jh node

tDHIYANAAN
(Repeat the above steps for simply süpported
COLLECE OF
beamand fixed - fixed beam with point load and
apply the corresponding real constant, material property and
loads)

Result:

are given below

Thus the analysis were carried out and the results
Max. Shear Fore Max. Bending
Deflection Max. Bending Stress Moment (Unit: )
(Unit: (Unit:
Type of (Unit: % of % of % of
% of Theory Ansys Theory Ansys Error
Beam Ansys Theory Ansys Error Error
Theory Error

Cantilever

Simply
Supported
Fixed -
Fixed

AALA VCIC AOODATÔOV

AAC 4 A04 COAALTCO AIDCD CIA AI I| ATINAL AAID
 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE Engineering
DepartmentofMechanical

Bending
Moment
with
diagram

:(Unit

with
diagram
Shear
Force )

:(Unit

Bending
Max.
Stress

(Unit:

TNGINEE

Deflection DHIYAMAAN Co|L LEGE OF

:(Unit

Theoretical
Calculations: Supported
Simply
Beam
Beam
Cantilever
Beam
Type
ofBeam
Fixed

-
Fixed
 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Deportment of Mechanical Engimeeiiñg
Ex. No.:
Date:

Stress Analysis of Composite bar with axial load

Aim:
Determine the nodal displaccments, reaction forces and stresses in cach material for the composite
bar with circular cross section shown below. An axial load P = 200x 10' Nis applicd as shown

Aluminium Steel

300 mm 400 mm

AA| = 2400 mm Astel = 600 mm

E | - 70 x 10 N/m Esteel = 200 x 10° N/m?

ENGINESRIN

ADHLYAMAAN COLLEE OF

AAID AALAIVCIC I ADNOATAOV

 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of MechpnicalEngineering

ANSYS Procedure:

Preference ’ Structural

Preprocessor Element type Add ’ Add’ Beam 3

’ Real Constant - Add ’ Arca, Moment of Inertia and Height
Material Properties lsotropic ’ Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio
Modeling ’ Create Key points - In active CS ’ Enter the key points
’ Create Line ’ Straight line Pick the key points
’ Meshing Size control -’ Manual size Global ’ Size
’ Mesh Line Pick the line
’ Loads ’ New analysis Analysis type ’ Static
’ Apply Displacement ’ On node Pick the node -’ Apply
’ select the dof to be constrained
’ Apply ’ Force/Moment - On node ’ Pick the node ’ Apply
’ Enter the load value in FY direction

Solution - Solve ’ Current LS

General
Postprocessor ’ Plot fesults 4 Nodal solution ’ DOF solution USUM
’ Elenent´table Define table Add ’ Bysequence num ’ NMISC I
’ Apply
By'sequence num ’ NMISC 2
’ Apply
(Repeat the above step and add the sequence numbers
SMISC 2, SMISC 6, SMISC8 and SMISC 12)
’ Plot resultsLine element result - Enter NMISC 1on " node and
NMISC3 on Jh node
Plot results ’ Line element result ’ Enter SMISC2 on I" node and
SMISC 8 on Jh node
eleméntr5. ENR
Enter SMISC'6 on I" node and
Plot results Line
SMISC 12on J node

load and
(Repeat the above steps for simply supported beam and fixed - fixed beam with point
apply the corresponding real constant, material property and loads)

Result:

Thus the analysis were carried out and the results are given below
Deflection Max. Bending Stress Max. Shear Fore Max. Bending
(Unit: Moment (Unit:
(Unit: (Unit:
Type of % of % of % of
% of Theory Ansys Theory Ansys
Beam
Theory Ansys Theory Ansys Error Error Error
Error

Cantilever

Simply
Supported
Fixed -
Fixed
IADODATOOV
AL || ATINAL AAID AAIAIVCIC
AAC 1 A04 CONAOLTCOo ADGO CIA
 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department ofMéchanical Engineering

|Ex. No.: Date:

Stress Analysis in the Plate with hole

Aim:
Determine the defornmation andthe maximunm stress in the plate with holeand comparc wi
theoretical results.

ADIYANAA NGINEERING

AOODATODV
CIA AL ||ATINAI AAD AALAIVCIC
AAC 1 A0A COA ADI ITD AIcO
 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Depertméit of Mechanical Engineering

ANSYS Procedure:
Preference Structural
P'reproceSsor Element type -- Add ’ Add ’ Planc 42
’ Options ’ Plane stress with thickness
’ RealConstant ’ Add thickness value
’ Material Properties ’ Isotropic ’ Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio
’Modeling Create ’ Area - Rectangle ’ By two corners
’ Enter the lower left corner coordinates (x, y), the width and height
T Meshing ’ Size control - Manual size ’ Global ’ Size
’ Element edge length
’ Mesh ’ Area ’ Pick Arca
’ Loads ’ New analysis Analysis type ’ Static
Apply ’ Displacement ’ On line - Pick the left edge ’ Apply
’ select the dof to be constrained
’ ApplýForce Moment’On line ’ Pick the right edge ’ Apply
direction
Epter the load value in FY

Solution ’ Solve Current LS

General
Postprocessor ’ Plot results Nodal solution DOF solution ’USUM
’ Listresults Element solution’ Stress Von-misses stress (SEQU)
(Take the m¡x. stress value and the corresponding node number)
’Query result Pick the node (The node corresponding to the max. stress value)

ENGINEERING

ADHIYA MAAN COLLEGE

HOSUR
F

Result:

Thus the analysis were carried out and the results are given below
Deformation Max. Stress
(Unit: (Unit:

Theory Ansys % of Error Theory Ansys % of Error

AAC 1 ADA rOAADIT TINAI AA AALAI VCIIADNOATNDV

 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Dèpartment of MechonicalEngineering

Ex. No.:
Date:

Mode frequency analysis of Beams (Cantilever, Simply Supported, Fied)

Aim:
Detemine the natural frequcncy and mode shapes for the following beams and compare with
theoretical results.

ENGINEERING

ADIYAMAAN COLLEGi OF
HOSIR

AAG 1 404COAAOLTCO AIOCO CIA AL I A TIOAL AAID AALAL VCIC I ADAD ATADV
Donn Ala
 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Mechanical Engineering

ANSYS Procedure:
Preference ’ Structural

Preprocessor Element type - Add ’ Add ’ Beam 3

’ Real Constant Add ’ Area, Moment of Inertia and Height
’ Material Propertics ’ Isotropic Young's Modulus and Density
’ Modeling ’ Create ’ Key points In active CS ’ Enter
the key points
’ Create ’ Line Straight line Pick the key points
’ Meshing ’ Size control - Manual size ’ Global ’ Size
Mesh Line ’ Pick the line
’ Loads ’ New analysis ’ Analysis type ’ Modal
’ Analysis options ’ No of modes toextract ’ Enter the no. of modes
to extract

’ No of modes to expand Enter the same value

as given in no. of modes to extract
Ok
- Starting frequency ’ Enter the frequency as 0
End requcncy ’ Enter the end frequency value
(Always enter a bigger value)
On node’ Pick the node ’ Apply
Apply ’Displacement select the dof to be constrained
Solution ’ Solye CutentLS

General
Postprocessor ’ Result Summery.(The frequency values are displayed according to the no. of
modes to be extracted)7
’ Read resülts’ First set
’ Plot results Deformed shapeOk (The deformed shape will be displayed)
+Plot control (on utility menu) Animate ’ Deformed shape ’ Ok
(The deformed shape will be animated)
(Repeat the above stepsifor simply supported-beam and fixedfixed beam and apply the
corresponding real constant, maferial property)

Result:

Thus the analysis were carried out and the results are given below
Fundamental Frequency
(Unit:
Type of Beam
Theory Ansys % of Error

Cantilever

Simply Supported

Fixed - Fixed

Al
AC 4 A04CÔA ADI ITCO AnCÒ IA AL ATIOAL AAIN AAIAI VCICIADADA TÔOV
 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Mechanical Engineering...
Ex. No.:
Date:
Mode frequency analysis of 2D Component
Aim:
Determineresults.
with theoretical the natural frequency and mode shapes for the
following 2D components and compare

COLLEG ENG0NEERING

AALAL VCIC ADNDA TOOV

AAC 4 A0A COAADLTCD AINcO CA ALI| ATIOA/ AALO
 ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Deportment of Mechanical Engineering

ANSYS Procedure:
Preference Structural
63
Preprocessor Element type Add ’ Add ’ Shell only
- Real Constant - Add ’
Thickness on the " node ’ Enter the thickness
on " nodc
Young's Modulus and Density
’ Material Properties - Isotropic - In active CS Enter the key points
’ Modeling Create Key points
Pick the key points
’ Create ’ Line Straight line - lines ’ Pick the lines
’ By
’ Create ’ Area ’ Rectangle ’ Size
’ Meshing Size control Manual size Global
’
’Mesh’ Area ’ Free the Area
Pick
Analysis type - Modal
- Loads ’ New analysis ’ modes to extract Enter the no. of modes
’ Analysis options ’ No of to extract
Enter the same value
No of modes to cxpand
to extract
as given in no. ofmodes

as 0
Starliog frequency ’ Enter the frequency
frequency value
’ End frequency ’ Enter the
end
(Always enter a bigger valuc)
Apply
Displacement-On node’ Pick the nodes ’
Applyly select thec dof to be constrained
Solution ’ Solye Curreng LS
the no. of
fequency, valúesare displayed according to
General
Postprocessor ’ Result Súnnery(The modes to be éxtracted)
Read results First set Ok (The deformd shape will be
displayed)
Plot results ’ Défomed shape Ok
Animate Defored shape
Plot öntrol (on utilitymenu) (The deformed shape will be
animated)
and apply the
above stéps for simply supported beam and fixed - fixed beam
(Repeat the
corresponding real constant, material property)

Result:
below
out and the results are given
Thus the analysis were carried
Fundamental Frequency
(Unit: )
Type of Beam % of ErrOr
Ansys
Theory

Cantilever

Simply Supported

Fixed - Fixed

AOO0ATOOV
VCIC
ATiOAL AAD AALAI
ADCO CIA AI I
COAAOt TCO
AAC 1 A04