9

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related literatures and studies.

A number of literature and studies have been reviewed but only those which are

directly relevant to the present study are presented here under

Review of Related Literature

Local Literature

Beldad (2023) defined the term of “culture in interior design” as it refers to how

cultural conventions and values affect how a home is decorated. The way people from

different cultures perceive beauty and practicality in architecture can shape their

preferences for interior design, including choices in color schemes, patterns, materials, and

furniture. These preferences can be deeply rooted in their cultural backgrounds, resulting

in unique and diverse designs that reflect their heritage.

The above mentioned literature is related to the researcher’s proposed study as it

demonstrated the use of origami in interior design, both concepts acknowledge the

significance of cultural influences in shaping design preferences. Origami, a traditional

Japanese art, is increasingly used in interior design to create unique and aesthetically

pleasing elements. The use of origami reflects the cultural heritage and values of Japan,

such as simplicity, minimalism, and respect for nature. Utilizing origami concepts into

interior design can create a space that showcases beauty, practicality, and cultural

traditions.
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While, Rodrigues (2017) introduced origami-inspired systems and structures,

covering its modeling, applications, and principles. It has been demonstrated that the age-

old craft of paper folding served as the model for numerous inventive engineering creations

in a variety of industries, including architecture and engineering. Adaptive morphing

structures are becoming more and more dependent on the relationship with smart materials.

The above mentioned citation emphasizes the increasing importance of origami-

inspired system because of its morphing structure, which is relevant to the researchers

proposed study. By incorporating origami-inspired structures, the design of the diffuser can

be designed to change shape and control light levels, creating a dynamic and adaptive

lighting system. Therefore, the above mentioned literature provides valuable insights and

inspiration for the development of an origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser that not only

showcases the aesthetic appeal of origami-inspired design but also leverages smart

materials to create a functional and adaptive lighting system.

On the other hand, Lamudi (2020) a company of architecture and design, discussed

that general lighting, also known as ambient lighting, is the most common form of lighting

in homes. It includes wall lamps, chandeliers, and other fixtures that illuminate rooms.

Adequate general lighting is important for creating a warm and welcoming atmosphere,

making spaces feel less cramped and more inviting for family and friends. While natural

lighting from sunlight is beneficial, it's not always available and may not reach all areas of

a home. Proper placement of general lighting is necessary to provide sufficient illumination

and create relaxed and cheerful spaces.

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Furthermore, Asuncion (2021) stated that diffused lighting creates a comfortable

and welcoming environment. It's characterized by the absence of harsh light streams and

dark shadows, and it's flattering. Diffused lighting also softens textures, brightens dark

areas, and visually expands the perception of space. In Filipino, it's described as

"maaliwalas," suggesting positive emotions such as happiness and joy. It reduces eye strain

and reflections, making it easier to see details without harsh shadows and creating a more

comfortable environment.

Moreover, Gula (2022) discusses the concept of diffused light and its significance

in filmmaking. The author explains that diffused light refers to a type of lighting that is

scattered in all directions, creating a soft and even illumination. He highlights several

reasons why filmmakers should use diffused light. Like it creates a flattering and natural

look, and it can help to minimize harsh shadows and reflections.

The three concept cited above highlights the importance of lighting in different

contexts, including home design, ambiance creation, and filmmaking. They all emphasize

the benefits of using diffused lighting to create a comfortable, welcoming, and natural

environment. The above mentioned citations emphasize the role of diffused lighting in

creating a comfortable and welcoming environment. These concepts are relevant to the

researcher’s proposed study because they highlight the importance of diffused lighting in

creating a comfortable and welcoming environment. By using diffused lighting, the

origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser can create a soft and even illumination that is

comfortable and welcoming, making it suitable for various settings such as homes, offices,

and public spaces.

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Foreign Literature

Avila et al. (2019) discussed the potential of origami in engineering design,

highlighting its ability to change its characteristics and behavior based on its shape, and

identifying several recognized fold states that define the shape of the origami. However,

these fold states do not cover all of the most common fold states seen in origami-based

devices. Expanding the range of recognized fold states and investigating their unique

properties can lead to novel and effective solutions for various challenges.

Similarly, Asi Architectural (2022) an architectural company, emphasized the

contribution of origami in architecture, where architects have been using designs inspired

by origami to create modern and visually appealing structures that offer both structural and

aesthetic benefits. The geometric shapes and patterns exemplified by origami folding

techniques are useful in architecture, and architects have begun to incorporate all that

origami has to offer into the finished designs of buildings and structures.

The above mentioned citations implies that both perspectives highlight the

versatility and potential of origami in different fields, demonstrating its capacity to inspire

innovative solutions and push the boundaries of design. The researcher’s proposed study is

a prime example of how the principles of origami can be applied to engineering design and

architecture. The diffuser's unique shape, inspired by origami folding techniques, allows it

to redirect light in a way that creates a soft, diffused glow, while also providing a visually

appealing aesthetic. This product demonstrates the potential of origami to change its

characteristics and behavior based on its shape. By expanding the range of recognized fold

states and investigating their unique properties, engineers and

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architects can create novel and effective solutions for various challenges, such as lighting

design.

However, Foyr (2023) discussed the importance of lighting in interior design, it

said that lighting is a crucial element in interior design that can greatly impact the ambiance

and functionality of a space. By understanding the science behind lighting and its effects

on texture, color, and mood, homeowners and designers can create a lighting plan that

complements the overall design and purpose of a room. Whether it's a warm and inviting

atmosphere for a living room or a bright and focused environment for a home office,

lighting can make all the difference. With the numerous options available in light fixtures

and technologies, it's important to consider the specific needs and goals of each space to

create a lighting plan that is both functional and aesthetically pleasing. When thoughtfully

executed, lighting can elevate a space from ordinary to extraordinary, making it a standout

space in your home.

The importance of lighting in interior design, as discussed above cannot be

overstated. One innovative solution that combines functionality and aesthetics is the

researcher’s proposed study. This lighting fixture utilizes the principles of origami to create

a unique and visually appealing design that also serves a practical purpose. Moreover, the

origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser offers a creative solution to the challenge of

providing adequate lighting in a space while also considering the specific needs and goals

of the room. At the same time, the diffuser's design ensures that the light is distributed

evenly, avoiding harsh shadows and glare that can be uncomfortable and detrimental to

productivity.
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Moreover, Petrov (2023) defines a diffuser as a device that is placed in front of a

light source, such as a lamp or ceiling light, to scatter the light in different directions. This

helps to create a more even distribution of light and reduces harsh shadows. Diffusers come

in a variety of shapes and sizes, and can be made from various materials. Some common

materials include plastic, glass, and fabric. A diffuser is a simple and effective way to

improve the lighting in your home office. By creating a more uniform and comfortable

lighting environment, you can increase productivity and reduce eye strain.

The researcher’s proposed study can be related to the above mentioned definition

of a diffuser. The origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser is a device that is placed in front

of a light source, such as a ceiling light, to scatter the light in different directions. The use

of origami-inspired design in the diffuser adds a unique aesthetic element to the device,

making it a visually appealing option for home offices. It also showcases the versatility and

potential of origami in different fields, demonstrating its capacity to inspire innovative

solutions and push the boundaries of design. Overall the origami-inspired ceiling light

diffuser is an example of a diffuser as defined by the writer above, which not only improves

the lighting environment but also adds an element of design and creativity to the space. By

combining functionality and aesthetics, the origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser offers a

unique solution for home offices looking to enhance their lighting environment.

On the other hand, Patel (2021) said that manuals are crucial for ensuring the proper

and safe usage of any product. Whether for a new kitchen appliance, a piece of software,

or a piece of machinery, User manuals are an excellent resource for learning

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about and making the most of the device in question. An important factor in the success of

a business is the level of client satisfaction they are able to achieve. Access to thorough

and understandable instructions is highly valued by consumers since it gives them faith in

their ability to utilize the product and cuts down on their need for customer service.

The above mentioned citation highlights the importance of user manuals in ensuring

the proper and safe usage of any product, which is particularly relevant in the context of

the researcher’s proposed study. As these origami-inspired ceiling diffusers are unique and

innovative products, users may require guidance on how to properly install, maintain, and

operate them. In the study on origami-inspired ceiling light diffusers, the user manual plays

a crucial role in ensuring that users can properly utilize the product and benefit from its

unique design. By providing clear instructions and diagrams, the manual can help users to

understand how to assemble, install, and maintain the diffuser, as well as how to adjust its

various settings to achieve the desired lighting effect.

Review of Related Studies

Local Study

According to the study of Sulit et al. (2023) the Evaulation of the Designed and

Developed Motorcycle Ignition System (MIS) Mock-up the study evaluate the developed

instructional manual of the Motor Ignition System (MIS) Mock-up using the validated

questionnaire adopted from the study of Miciano (2019) “Manual of Operation” in terms

of Clarity. The manual communicates clearly to readers and users because it is simple to
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understand. The pictures/illustration in the manual are extremely helpful in explaining how

to use the product.

Similarly the study of Ceniza et al. (2023) entitled “Development and Performance

Quality Evaluation of Adjustable Circle Template with 360 Protector and its Operational

Manual”. The study determine the evaluation of the group of respondents on the

Operational Manual for the Adjustable Circle Template with 360° Protractor in terms of

the criteria based on the study of Miciano (2019) entitled, "Designing, Constructing

Evaluating and Utilizing an Innovative Automotive Oil Filler Pump and its Manual of

Operations" it terms of Comprehensibility, Functionality, Completeness. The Operational

Manual of the Developed Adjustable Circle Template with 360° Protractor was deemed as

highly acceptable based on the rating of respondents.

Likewise, in the study of Abanador et al. (2021) entitled “Design, Develop and

Evaluate an Automotive Brake System Mock-Up and Its Instructional Manual.” The study

evaluate the developed Instructional Manual for the Automotive Brake System Mock-up

by the respondents in terms of comprehensiveness, completeness and functionability. The

study concluded that the manual’s content and parts are well- organized, comprehensive

and simple to use according to the results and comments of the respondents.

In addition the study by Acedera et al. (2022) entitled “Development and

Evaluation of Electronic Power Steering (EPS) Mock-Up and Its Instructional Manual”.

The study evaluate the Developed Instructional Manual of the Electronic Power Steering

(EPS) Mock-up student using the adopted validated criteria. Clarity, Completeness,

Comprehensibility and Functionality. Developed Instructional Manual of the Electronic

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Power Steering (EPS) Mock-up is presentable, provides clear information, readable and

used proper words and grammar that is simple to understand by the learners and readers.

Furthermore, on the study conducted by Miciano (2019) entitled “Designing,

Constructing, Evaluating and Utilizing an Innovative Automotive Oil Filler Pump and its

Manual of Operation” uses a validated evaluation for Manual Operation of IAOFP in terms

of clarity, comprehensibility, functionality and completeness to identify the quality of the

manual. As resulted according to the respondents the manual is clearly conveyed, well

presented, functional and complete.

The above mentioned citations emphasizes the importance of considering

instructional manuals in developing products. Instructional manuals serve us guide to users

in operating the developed product. The above study proves that instructional manuals is

useful in operating innovative products based from the evaluation provides in the study. In

relation, the researcher’s proposed study will evaluate the User’s Manual for Origami-

Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser in terms of the criteria comprehensibility, functionability

and completeness based on the study of Miciano (2019) about Manual of Operations” to

prove the acceptability of User’s Manual for Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light diffuser.

Foreign Study

On the study conducted by Kouriny (2020) entitled “Relationship between Origami

and Interior Design Related Spaces Manipulation” it aimed to develop thought of interior

designer about origami and new ideas for the efficient usage of the new shape. To give the

idea of the variable kinds, types of origami and also how to invent it to the
 18

Interior design. To show that there are a space for the creativity and field of the unknown

usage for the origami, as it just has been studied. This part of the work should be inspiring

for the young designers in order to reach the new goals.

The above mentioned citation aims to foster a new perspective among interior

designers, encouraging them to embrace origami as a source of inspiration and a tool for

developing innovative and efficient designs. By showcasing the versatility and adaptability

of origami. It supports the researcher’s proposed study because it is essential for creating

unique and innovative designs, such as an origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser. The

versatility can be applied to the design of a ceiling light diffuser, where origami principles

can be used to create a variety of shapes, sizes, and patterns. An origami-inspired ceiling

light diffuser is an excellent example of a creative and innovative design solution that can

add a touch of elegance and sophistication to a space. An origami-inspired ceiling light

diffuser is a practical application of this concept, showcasing the potential for origami to

be used in functional and aesthetically pleasing designs.

Moreover, Kristina et al. (2022) investigated the level of comfort experienced by

visitors to Sociolla Paskal 23 Bandung's retail interiors. The research involved surveys and

questionnaires to gather data and determine the impact of lighting on visitors' experiences.

The findings contribute to customer’s understanding of the significance of lighting in

shaping the ambiance of retail spaces and the role of artificial lighting in enhancing

customer experience.

The above mentioned citation highlights the importance of lighting in shaping the

ambiance of retail sp a c es and enhancing customer experience. This relevant t o

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researcher’s proposed study because this will also contribute to user’s understanding of

lighting in shaping the ambiance, providing comfort and aesthetic design in indoors. The

possible solution for homeowners looking to improve their lighting is to incorporate light

diffusers, which can provide efficient lighting solution. By using origami principles, the

researchers will create light diffusers that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also

provide optimal lighting conditions for customers. The proposed study also uses survey

questionnaires to determine the performance evaluation of respondents to origami-

inspired ceiling light diffuser.

On the other hand, Marz et al. (2019) developed a lamp that can be adjusted by the

user to create various atmospheres in a room by changing the light conditions according to

their needs. The lamp allows for a responsive communication between the user and the

machine, as the user can manipulate the mechanical dimmer with intuitive hand

movements, leading to different interactive experiences with the lighting. The design

combines traditional origami and interactive design elements to create a unique and modern

geometric lamp that enables users to interact with it in new and innovative ways.

The above mentioned citation about the development of interactive lamp allows

users to manipulate light conditions to create different room atmospheres. This research

highlights the importance of user interaction and personalization in lighting design. The

researcher’s proposed study is highly relevant to the citation mentioned above because the

origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser is a device that user’s can manipulate the light levels

using the concept of origami fold. By incorporating origami principles into the design of

a ceiling light diffuser, the researchers aim to create a more interactive and
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personalized lighting experience for users. The proposed product is operated using remote

control.

Furthermore, Lee et al. (2018) developed a dimming lighting control using general

lighting. The developed system reduces lighting energy and improves indoor comfort

while using lighting control. In addition, the effectiveness of the developed technology was

verified by performing diverse performance evaluations according to occupant location

recognition and the number of occupants.

The above mentioned citation emphasizes the acceptability of dimming lighting

control to reduce lighting energy and improves indoor comfort. The proposed study on

using origami concepts to create a ceiling light diffuser shares similarities with the existing

study cited above in terms of their focus on optimizing light distribution, prioritizing

occupant comfort, and employing advanced technologies. The proposed study offers a

novel approach to lighting design that can potentially complement or enhance the existing

study's findings.

However, Pracki et al. (2020) studied “Strategies Influencing energy Efficiency of

Lighting Solutions” the development of illuminating engineering have opened up

numerous possibilities for utilizing innovative lighting technologies and techniques,

enhancing the quality of lighting environments while optimizing energy efficiency in

various settings, including interior spaces. One of the strategies presented is using control

systems that provide optimum use of lighting during its operation which resulted to the

improvement of lighting conditions. The article provides design approaches and factors

that impact lighting conditions, serving as a valuable resource for devising and
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implementing effective strategies to enhance lighting conditions and energy efficiency in

diverse lighting applications.

The above mentioned citation provides strategies to improve lighting conditions.

One of the strategies presented and proven to provide quality light condition is through

the use of controls systems. The researcher’s proposed study relevant to the study cited

above because it also provides the use of control system which is the origami-inspired

ceiling light diffuser. The ceiling light diffuser is the manipulation of light sources to

control the level of brightness and distributes light more evenly.