The icing allowances are as follows:

The full allowance assumes:

(a) That all exposed horizontal surfaces (decks, tops
of houses and deck cargo) are carrying an ice weight
of 30 kg/m2.
(b) That vertical surfaces are carrying a weight
equivalent to 15 kg/m2 on the lateral area on one
side of the ship (hull, houses, and deck cargo) above
the waterline. The half icing allowance should be
taken as one half of these values. The centre of
gravity of each area of ice formation has to be
estimated in order that the moment about the keel
of each part of ice weight can be calculated.
Ice on booms, stays, rails etc. should be allowed for
as 5% of the weight on vertical surfaces, and the
vertical moment of this ice allowed for as 10% of
the moment due to formation on vertical surfaces.
Example:

A ship displaces 31700 t and is loaded such that the solid

KG is 9.12 m. KM is 9.46 m and total FSM's are estimated
to be 2050 t-m at the worst anticipated stage of the
voyage. The vessel is to enter an area where the full icing
allowance applies.
Ship details are as follows:
Main deck 3100 m2 at Kg 16.2 m;
2nd deck 60 m2 at Kg 18.6 m;
3rd deck 42 m2 at Kg 21.0 m;
Bridge deck 48 m2 at Kg 23.4 m;
Funnel deck 56 m2 at Kg 25.8 m;
Lateral exposed area above the waterline is 860 m2 at a
Kg of 13.64 m.

Calculate the effective GM and displacement that will

allow for icing.
Solution
1. Calculate weight of ice on decks using full icing
allowance
Main deck: 3100 x 30 = 93000 Kg = 93 tonnes at Kg 16.2 m
2nd deck: 60 x 30 = 1800 Kg = 1.80 tonnes at Kg 18.6 m
3rd deck: 42 x 30 = 1260 Kg = 1.26 tonnes at Kg 21.0 m
Bridge deck: 48 x 30 = 1440 Kg = 1.44 tonnes at Kg 23.4 m
Funnel deck: 56 x 30 = 1680 Kg = 1.68 tonnes at Kg 25.8 m
2. Calculate weight of ice on vertical surfaces on one
side using full icing allowance
860 x 15 = 12900 Kg = 12.90 tonnes at Kg 13.64 m 3.
Calculate allowance for ice on booms, stays etc.
Weight = 5% of the weight on vertical surfaces
A ship operating in severe winter conditions may suffer
from non-symmetrical ice accretion on decks and
superstructure. Describe the effects on the overall
stability of the ship, making particular reference to the
ship’s curve of statical stability.
When icing occurs as previously described the following
may be expected to happen:
(1) Icing on horizontal decks and cargo surfaces will
cause G to rise resulting in an increased KG/decreased
GM.
(2) Icing on the lateral areas of the ship on one side
above the waterline will cause the ship to list.
(3) Both (1) and (2) above will cause an increase in the
ship’s displacement resulting in a reduced freeboard
(arguably the effects of this will be dependent on the
ship’s overall size in relation to the mass of ice
accumulated).