Transverse Stability

List – internal factor – small angle – up to 15° -

θ GM
Heel – external factor – large angle –
GZ
Changes angle will occurs when there have a moment
either port or starboard direction.
The moment are apply from movement/shifting of
mass already onboard or when the vessel have changes
of mass i.e load / unload.
 d

w w

Δ
Δ
1)GG1 x Δ = w x d
GG1 = w x d / Δ
MT
θ

G G1

2) Tan θ = GG1 ; Tan θ = _w x d _

GMT GMT x Δ
Small Angle stability
Tan θ = listing moment
Δ x GM
GM plays a big role in determining angle of list

The bigger GM, the less the angle of list

The final position of the centre of gravity and hence

GM is found by taking moments about the keel
Example 1
A ship of 6000 tonnes displacement has KM=7.3m, and KG
=6.7m,
and is floating upright. A weight of 60 tonnes already on board is
shifted 5m transversely to port from its old5 mposition. Find the
final
angle of list.
Tan θ = listing moment
Δ x GM

GM = KM – KG
= 7.3 – 6.7 = 0.6m

Listing moment = 60 x 5 K K
= 300 tonne.m
Tan θ = listing moment
Δ x GM

Tan θ = __300____
6000 x 0.6
= 0.083
θ = 4.76˚ to port
Exercise 1
A ship of 6500 tonnes displacement has KM = 7.1 m, and KG
=6.2 m, and listed 5˚ to port. A weight of 70 tonnes already on
board is shifted 6 m transversely to starboard from its old
position.
Find the final angle of list.

(0.88˚ to port)
Example 2
A ship of 6000 tonnes displacement is floating upright and
has GM 0.45 m. A weight of 60 tonnes, already on board, is
moved 1.5 m vertically downwards and 6 m transversely to
starboard. Find the final list.
Solution
w x d = Δ x GG1
60 x 1.5 = 6000 x GG1
GG1 = 0.015 m

GMNEW = 0.45 + 0.015

= 0.465 m
Tan θ = listing moment
∆ x GM
Tan θ = ___60 x 6_____
6000 x 0.465
= 0.129
θ = 7.35º to starboard

Notes : - Listing moment only apply if there have movement of

mass between transverse direction.(P – S)
- movement of mass in vertical direction will reflect to
changes of distance GM only.
Exercise 2
A ship of 8000 tonnes displacement is listed 4˚ to starboard
and has GM 0.68 m. A weight of 80 tonnes, already onboard,
is moved 1.7 m vertically upwards and 8.5 m transversely to
port. Find the final angle of list.

(3.3˚ to port)
Example 3
A ship of 7000 tonnes displacement has KM =
8.2 m, and KG = 7.3 m was listed 8° to
starboard. The following weights are then
loaded and discharged:
Load 350 tonnes cargo KG 5.8 m and centre of
gravity 7.8 m to port of the centre line.
Load 320 tonnes fuel oil KG 0.5m and centre of
gravity 5.8 m to starboard of the centreline.
Discharge 45 tonnes of ballast KG 1.1m and
centre of gravity 5.2 m to starboard of the centre
line
Calculate:
a) Final KG
b) Final GM 8°
(assume no change in KM)
c) Changes angle of list
d) Final angle of list
Note: In this type of problem find the final KG by
taking moments about the keel, and the final listing
moment by taking moments about the centre line
Weight KG Moment
about KG
7000 7.3 51100
350 5.8 2030
320 0.5 160
-45 1.1 -49.5
∑7625 ∑53240.5
a) Final KG = 53240.5
7625
= 6.98 m

b) Final GM = 8.2 – 6.98

= 1.22 m
Weight Distance Moment Moment
to CL to port to stbd

350 7.8P 2730 -

320 5.8S - 1856
45 5.2S 234 -
∑2964 ∑1856
Excess moment = 2964 – 1856 = 1108 t.m

c) Tan θ = listing moment

∆ x GM
= ___1108____
7625 x 1.22
= 0.12
θ = 6.84° to port

d) Final θ = 8 – 6.84 = 1.16° to starboard

Exercise 3
A ship of 5000 tonnes displacement has KM = 6.7 m, and KG = 5.4
m was listed 3 degrees to starboard. The following weights are then
loaded and discharged:
Load 250 tonnes cargo which centre of gravity is 3.2 m above the keel
and 5.8 m to port from centre line.
Load 180 tonnes fuel oil which centre of gravity is 0.6 m above the keel
and 3.9 m to starboard from centre line.
Discharge 55 tonnes of ballast which centre of gravity is 1.3 m above the
keel and 6.3 m to starboard from centre line.
Calculate:
a) Final KG (5.18 m)
b) Final GM (assume no change in KM) (1.52
m)
c) Changes angle of list (7.63˚ to port)
d) Final angle of list (4.63˚ to port)
Upright ; θ = 0
; listing moment = 0
; Σmoment port = Σmoment starboard
Example 4
A ship of 13 200 tonnes displacement, KM 8m,
KG 6.9m, has a 2.7 degree list to starboard and
has loaded 400 tonnes of cargo at centerline.
There is space available in the tween decks
cargo, (centre of gravity, 5.5m each side from
the centreline). Find how much cargo to load on
each side if the ship is to complete loading
upright.
Solution
GM = KM – KG
= 8.0 – 6.9
= 1.1 m

Tan θ = listing moment

GM x Δ
Tan 2.7 = listing moment
1.1 x 13200
Listing moment = 684.75 tm
Thus, listing moment required to complete loading
upright = 684.75 tm to port

[684.75] PORT = [ w x 5.5 ] PORT – [ (400 – w) x 5.5 ] STBD

684.75 = 5.5w – 2200 + 5.5w

11 w = 2884.75
w = 262.25 tonnes to port

400 – 262.25 = 137.75 tonnes to stbd

Exercise 4
A ship of 13420 tonnes displacement, KM 7.8 m, KG
6.6 m, has a 4.5 degree list to port and is loaded with
420 tonnes of cargo at centerline. There is space
available in the decks, (centre of gravity, 5.3 m to port
and 4.2 m to starboard from the centreline). Calculate
the weight of cargo to be distributed on port and
starboard, to ensure the ship is in upright position.

(367.73 tonnes to stbd & 52.27 tonnes

to port)
 Example 5
A ship of 11000 tonnes displacement has KM 7.4 m, KG
6.0 m is listed 4° port. She has to be discharged a weight
of 150 tonnes from No 3 Lower Hold using her jumbo
derrick whose head is 23 m above the keel and located at
centre line. Given centre of gravity of the weight is 3 m
above the keel and 5 m to port from centre line.
Calculate angle of list;
As soon as the derrick lifts the weight from Lower
Hold
(8 marks)
 When the derrick has swung the weight 15 m to
starboard from centre line
(4 marks)
 15 m

150 t

23 m G
5m

6m

150 t
3m
As soon as the derrick lifts the weight from
Lower Hold
Initial listing moment = tan θ x Δ x GM
= tan 4° x 11000 x 1.4 (1
mark)
= 1076.9 t.m port
(1 mark)
Final listing moment = 1076.9 t.m port since no movement
between port or strbd side. (1
mark)

GG1 = (w x d) / ∆
= [150 x (23 – 3)] / 11000 = 0.273 m (1
mark)
KG new = 6.0 + 0.273 = 6.273 m (1
Tan θ = Final listing moment / (∆ x GM new)
= 1076.9 / (11000 x 1.127) (1
mark)
θ = 4.96° to port (1
mark)
When the derrick has swung the weight 15
m to stbd from centre line

Listing moment = w x d = 150 x 20 = 3000 t.m stbd (1

mark)

Final listing moment = 3000 – 1076.9 = 1923.1 tm stbd (1

mark)

Tan θ = Final listing moment / (∆ x GM new)

= 1923.1/ (11000 x 1.127) (1 mark)
θ = 8.82° to stbd (1 mark)
After discharging the weight
Listing moment = w x d = 150 x 15 = 2250 t.m port (1
mark)
Final listing moment = 2250 – 1923.1 = 326.9 tm port
(1 mark)

GG1 = (w x d) / ∆
= [150 x (23 – 6.273)] / (11000 – 150) (1
mark)
= 0.231 m (1 mark)

KG new = 6.273 – 0.231 = 6.042 m (1 mark)

GM new = 7.4 – 6.042 = 1.358 m (1 mark)
OR
 Weight KG Moment
about Keel
11000 6.273 69003
-150 23 -3450
∑10850 ∑65553

a) Final KG = 65553
10850
= 6.042 m

b) Final GM = 7.4 – 6.042

= 1.358 m
Tan θ = Final listing moment / (∆ x GM new)
= 326.9 / (10850 x 1.358) (1 mark)
θ = 1.27° to port (1
mark)