Candidate`s Examination Number ………………………………………………….

SECTION A (16 marks)

Answer all questions in this section
1. For each of the items (i-x) choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and
write its letter beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.
(i) The discovery of iron made the early people stop using stone tools because iron tools
were better but the knowledge of iron – working was kept a secret in some societies
during pre – colonial period. Why was it so?
A. They wanted to develop division of labor
B. Iron had the immediate use value to some societies.
C. They wanted to maintain monopoly of the blacksmiths.
D. They had plans of using it in making ornaments
E. It enabled men to play a middle man’s role in salt and gold
(ii) Why were rulers of small Ngoni groups able to defeat and consolidate their power to
most of the East African societies?
A. their female subjects were married by defeated tribes
B. their male subjects were agents of colonialism
C. their army used more magic power than weapons
D. their army had poor weapons like guns
E. war captives were spared and recruited into Ngoni armies

(iii) The word “Preservation” used during the establishment of colonial economy in Africa meant.
A. The killing of African local industries
B. The legalization of traditional industries
C. The extensive use of African traditional industries
D. The preservation of some colonial weapons
E. To retain some pre – colonial African elements for the interest of the capitalists
(iv) The major causes of colonial resistance in Africa were the following except:
A. Prohibiting of Africans to produce food and cash crops
B. Land alienation and forced labor
C. Confiscation of cattle and squatter system
D. Introduction of African civilization and ways of believing
E. Forcing Africans to cultivate cash crops instead of food crops
(v) Colonial education had never aimed at benefiting Africans but in one way or another it had
some positive results. Which of the following was one of them?
A. It developed African production forces
B. It promoted African culture
C. It prepared the Africans to accept colonialism
D. It created future African leaders

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 Candidate`s Examination Number ………………………………………………….
E. It created classes among people
(vi) The Sultan of Zanzibar was given Zanzibar, Pemba, Lamu, Kismayu, Mogadishu and the 10
mile coastal strip on the Tanganyika mainland as his area of influence. When was he given
those areas? ________
A. After the Berlin conference of 1884-1885
B. After the Anglo- German agreement of 1886
C. After the Anglo-German agreement of 1890
D. After the Moresby treaty of 1822
E. After the First world war of 1914 - 1918
(vii) Which of the following was the impact of the contact between East Africa, Middle East and
Far East?
A. It led to the growth and expansion of the long distance trade
B. It led to the growth of the English language
C. It led to the growth of Mwenemutapa kingdom
D. It eliminated poverty in Europe
E. It brought conflicts between the Portuguese and Arabs.

2. Match items on the concept of feudalism in List A with their corresponding description in List
B by witting the letter of the correct response beside the item number in the answer booklet
provided.
LIST A LIST B
i) Bahima A. Were exploited through payment of rent in kind and
ii) Shekua labor services.
iii) Mtemi B. The ruler who exploited Bairu in the feudal system
iv) Sazas C. Provinces under a chief in Bunyoro feudal system.
v) Batwarwa D. Chief of the Hehe
vi) Batwazi E. Members of royal family and king’s favorites.
F. A person who usually collected rent from serfs in form of
millet and mangrove poles from the serfs.
G. The powerful leader among the Nyamwezi and Sukuma
who organized the process of opening up new land.
H. He made Kilwa famous

SECTION B (54 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section
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 Candidate`s Examination Number ………………………………………………….
3. Answer the following questions briefly.
i) Museums and historical sites are both sources of historical information but they have
some differences. How do they differ?
ii) How would you prove that communalism was a classless and non exploitative mode of
production?
iii) Africans tried their best to fight against colonial invasion but they ended up being
defeated. Why?
iv) One of the greatest achievements in man’s life was the discovery of fire. How did it
change his life?
v) What are the psychological effects of slave trade to its victims?
vi) How did medicine consolidate interaction in pre-colonial period?
4. Arrange the following statements in chronological order by writing number 1 – 6 beside
the item number.
i) The majimaji war was unique since it united different tribes in a common rebellion.
ii) He wanted all the fighters to apply his medicine on the forehead.
iii) The German authorities were surprised when their headquarters and officials were
attacked.
iv) The last and most serious revolt against German rule broke out in July, 1905.
v) The immediate cause of discontent was the government’s cotton scheme.
vi) A prophet named Kinjekitile of Ngarambe declared that magic water will turn bullets into
water.

5. Draw a sketch map of Africa showing the Trans-Sahara trade routes of Western Sudanic
States and indicate the trading centers of Sijilmasa, Taghaza, Timbuktu, Tripoli and Ghat.
6. Briefly, explain reasons for the success of the Ngoni migration. Provide six points.
7. Appraise the factors which gave rise to centralized states in pre-colonial Africa. Provide six
points.

SECTION C (30 Marks)

Answer two questions from this section
8. Examine six factors that determined the establishment of peasant agricultural system in
colonialx Africa.
9. How was production organized under feudalism? Provide six points.