CHRISTIAN SOCIAL SERVICES COMMISSION (CSSC)

SOUTHERN HIGHLAND ZONE

FORM FOUR JOINT EXAMINATION AUGUST-2023

HISTORY-MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (16 MARKS)

1.
i ii Iii iv v vi vii viii ix x
A D B B E E C D B D
10MARKS @ 01

2.

LIST A I II III IV V VI

LIST B D K A F G C

06MARKS @ 01

SECTION B (54 MARKS)

3.
i. The slave dealers were the people who involved in buying and selling human being
as commodities in the market. These people put the red flag on their ships to let
the abolitionists such as the British who also put the red flag to think them as their
fellow; hence they could not be caught.

ii. OAU was transformed to AU on 9th July, 2002 during the summit conference in
Durban in South Africa. OAU transformed to AU after seeing that her work of
ensuring that all African states attain independence is over, then some of the
member states requested for more commitment thus it was transformed to African
Union than just being a mere organization that had no even the court of Justice.

iii. Colonial education was the transfer of knowledge, skills and values from the
colonialists to some Africans who could assist them in exploiting the Africans. This
education made Africans be market of the European goods because it was taught to
glorify the European culture and despised the African culture. This made the
African to be attracted to the Europeans goods than ours; hence we became market
of the goods such as clothes, food and medicines. Moreover it was not technological
based, thus Africans were to depend everything from the Europeans.
 iv. Dutch settlement at the cape is associated with the Ngoni migration because the
Dutch (Boers) were among the factors that caused the Ngoni to migrate from Natal
land after the Dutch to have being pushed away by the British when reached the
cape colony in 1795. The Dutch moved north ward and caused many problems to
the Ngoni such as shorted of Land, thus the Ngoni move to central and East Africa
searching for the peaceful places to settle from 1830s to 1850s.
v. The Versailles peace treaty was a treaty held in Versailles in France 1919 to
evaluate the effects of the First World War. This treaty was considered as bad treaty
to Germany because it accused Germany as the cause of the war and thus he was
heavily punished. For example she was dispossessed her all colonies, she was to
disarm her army; she was to pay about 6,500 million pounds/ 33million dollars e.t.c.

vi. The African countries have decided to adopt the neutrality policy on the conflicts
between Ukraine and Russia because both the conflicting countries have great
contributions to the social and economic development of the African states.
Thus they have decided to adopt the neutrality policy so that they can continue to
be supported to both sides, though also they had friendship from long time. For
example Russia played a great role in the struggle for independence in Africa such
as in Namibia, Angola and South Africa.
4.
i ii iii iv V vi

2 4 6 3 5 1

@1.5 marks = 9 marks

5.

6. The distinctions of the following terms

i. Dryopithecus is the group of primates which became the ancestor of Apes such as
monkey, chimpanzee and gorilla and this group did not change into modern man
WHILE Ramapithecus is a group of primates which became hominid in which
hominid led to the emergence of man.

ii. Settler agriculture was larger scale agriculture which was established in colonies
owned and supervised by the settlers themselves who lived in colonies WHILE
plantation agriculture was the large scale agriculture established in colonies owned
by foreigners who stayed in the metropolitan but employed farm managers to
supervise and employed a large number of unskilled labourers.

iii. De- industrialization policy was the policy introduced by the colonialist in colonies
that prohibited Africans from involving in handcraft industries for the different
aims such as to make the African be market of the European goods and make the
Africans remain producers of raw materials WHILE Appeasement policy was
policy adopted by French and British that aimed at not making follow up on the
 growing Germany because they believed that the way she was punished during the
Versailles treaty she could no long rebuild again, but also continuing making follow
up could make German be very angry and cause great disasters that have nerve ever
seen, but Germany used that chance to rebuild hence led to the Second World War.

iv. Periplus of the Erythrean sea was a guide book written by Greek sailor in the first
century AD that explains the trading activities conducted along the coast of East
Africa WHILE assegai were the Ngoni short stabbing spears or was the name
given to the Ngoni’s weapons.

v. Nkomati accord of 1984, this was a non- aggression agreement signed in Komati
port in South Africa that was between Mozambique and South Africa to stop
Mozambique from supporting ANC to use violent action in South Africa and South
Africa to stop supporting RENAMO movement in Mozambique WHILE Biafra
war was the civil war occurred in Nigeria from 1967 to 1970 fought because Biafra
wanted to be an independent state from Nigeria in which Nigeria was under General
Yakubu and Biafra was under Colonel Chukwuemeka.
vi. Ubusoka was the Nyakyusa ceremony held to mark the passing-in of the new
leadership and passing-out of the old leadership or it was the Nyakyusa ceremony
held to mark the passage of a new age set into adulthood WHILE Busulo was a
form of feudalism developed in Buganda.
7. The reasons for Tanzania getting involved in boundary disputes.
i. Struggles for resources monopoly e.g water, land etc
ii. Lack of respect to the former boundaries which were set during the partition of
Africa.
iii. Territorial expansionism
NB/ Any other relevant points should be considered

8.
i. COLLABORATIVE REACTION ( 03 marks )
ii. (a)Kabaka mwanga of Buganda collaborated with the British to remove from
power Omukama kabarega of bunyoro
(b)The Bena and Sangu allied with the Germans to put Mkwawa and his
people and full Germany colonial rule
(c)Mangi lind of moshi collaborated with the Germany to put mangi sina of
kibosho under Germany control rule
iii. Reasons for collaboration

a) Some African rulers did not know the intention of the colonialists
b) African societies collaborated with the colonialists because some of them were poorly
armed
c) Natural calamities influenced Africans to collaborate with the Europeans
d) Some African chiefs hoped to enjoy free trade ,western education ,medicine and military
assistance
 NB/ Any other relevant points
06 marks @ 02

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

Marks distribution
Introduction -02 marks
Body-6 points each 02 marks =12 marks
Conclusion -01 mark
Total- 15 Marks
9. The negative effects of the abolition of slave trade.
Introduction-Candidate should define the abolition of slave trade
Body- spread of Christianity
- Introduction of exploitative legitimate trade
- Fall of some states eg. Buganda state
- Influx of Europeans companies to exploit resources
- Introduction of cash crops growing schemes
- Colonization of Africa
NB / Any other relevant point
Conclusion-Any relevant conclusion

10. Tanganyika as one of the East African countries attained her independence in 1961 through
the constitutions means. Uganda attained in 1962 where by Kenya attained her
independence in 1963. The following were the factors that led Tanganyika achieve her
independence earlier than Uganda and Kenya.
-Efficient and committed leadership of TANU/ Good leadership of J.K.Nyerere.
-Absence of strong opposition political parties
-The absence of serious tribalism
-The role played by Kiswahili language
-The role played by Sir Richard Tarnbull
-Presence of few white settlers
-The use of simple and meaningful ideology e.g. Uhuru Kazi ya TANU
NB/ Any other relevant points should be considered.
11. Reasons for the failure of African resistances
Introduction-Candidate should define African resistance
Body- Disunity
-Inferior weapons
-Undisciplined and poor army organization
-Poor ideologies
-Puppetism
-Poor economy of Africans
-Internal weakness like former slaves raiding in Yao society
NB/ Any relevant conclusion